2017上海市杨浦区高三化学一模试卷
上海高三化学一模试卷
上海高三化学一模试卷一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
）1. 下列物质中，属于混合物的是A. 纯水B. 空气C. 氧气D. 蒸馏水2. 化学反应中，能量变化的表现形式包括A. 热能B. 光能C. 电能D. 以上都是3. 下列化合物中，属于共价化合物的是A. NaClB. HClC. FeD. MgO4. 根据元素周期表，下列元素中属于第ⅢA族的是A. 铝B. 硼C. 硅D. 磷5. 根据化学平衡移动原理，下列条件中，能使化学平衡向正反应方向移动的是A. 增加反应物浓度B. 减少生成物浓度C. 增加生成物浓度D. 减少反应物浓度6. 根据酸碱中和反应原理，下列物质中，属于酸的是A. NaOHB. HClC. KOHD. NaCl7. 根据氧化还原反应原理，下列物质中，具有还原性的是A. FeB. Fe^{2+}C. Fe^{3+}D. Cu8. 下列物质中，属于电解质的是A. 蔗糖B. 酒精C. 氯化钠D. 氨气9. 根据原子结构，下列元素中，最外层电子数为8的是A. 氦B. 氖C. 氩D. 氪10. 下列物质中，属于非金属单质的是A. 铁B. 碳C. 铜D. 硫二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。
）11. 写出下列元素的化学符号：钠______，氯______。
12. 写出下列化合物的化学式：硫酸铜______，碳酸钠______。
13. 写出下列物质的化学名称：NaOH______，HCl______。
14. 写出下列物质的化学式：氢氧化钙______，氯化铵______。
15. 写出下列物质的名称：CO______，SO_{2}______。
三、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分。
）16. 简述什么是氧化还原反应，并举例说明。
17. 解释什么是化学平衡，并说明影响化学平衡的因素。
四、计算题（本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分。
杨浦区一模试卷高三化学
杨浦区一模试卷高三化学一、选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分。
每小题只有一个选项是正确的，请将正确答案的字母填入题后的括号内。
）1. 下列物质中，属于纯净物的是（）A. 空气B. 矿泉水C. 蒸馏水D. 食盐水2. 化学反应中，能量变化的主要形式是（）A. 热能B. 光能C. 电能D. 机械能3. 根据化学平衡移动原理，下列说法正确的是（）A. 增大反应物浓度，平衡不移动B. 升高温度，平衡向吸热方向移动C. 增大压强，平衡向气体分子数多的方向移动D. 催化剂能改变化学平衡4. 下列实验操作中，正确的是（）A. 用酒精灯直接加热试管中的液体B. 用滤纸过滤溶液时，滤纸边缘应低于漏斗边缘C. 配制溶液时，先称量固体，后量取液体D. 用pH试纸测定溶液的pH值时，试纸应先湿润5. 根据原子结构，下列说法错误的是（）A. 原子核由质子和中子组成B. 电子在原子核外以一定轨道运动C. 原子核外电子的排布遵循泡利不相容原理D. 原子核内的质子数决定了元素的化学性质6. 下列关于氧化还原反应的描述，正确的是（）A. 氧化剂在反应中被还原B. 还原剂在反应中被氧化C. 氧化还原反应中一定有电子的转移D. 氧化还原反应中元素的化合价一定不变7. 下列物质中，不是电解质的是（）A. 硫酸B. 氯化钠C. 蔗糖D. 氢氧化钠8. 根据酸碱中和反应的原理，下列说法错误的是（）A. 酸和碱反应生成盐和水B. 强酸和强碱反应生成中性盐C. 强酸和弱碱反应生成酸性盐D. 弱酸和强碱反应生成碱性盐9. 下列物质中，属于非金属单质的是（）A. 铁B. 硫磺C. 氢气D. 钠10. 下列关于原子价的描述，错误的是（）A. 原子价表示一个原子与其他原子结合的能力B. 原子价是原子最外层电子数C. 原子价与元素的化学性质有关D. 原子价是固定的，不会改变二、填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题4分，共20分。
请将答案填在横线上。
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟高质量调研
杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017. 12 本试卷分为第I卷（第1-11页）和第II卷（第12页）两部分。
全卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
考生注意：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。
2. 第I卷（1-20小题，31---70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV. Summary Writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。
第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a professor's office. B. In a second-hand book shop.C. In a library.D. In a hospital.2. A. 10 yuan. B. 20 yuan.C. 30 yuan.D. 50 yuan.3. A. House agent and customer. B. Shop assistant and customer.C. Car mechanic and car owner.D. Employer and employee.4. A. The man doesn't believe what the woman says.B. The weather report spoils the man's good mood.C. They will cancel the hiking due to the bad weather.D. The man thinks it unnecessary to give up the adventure.5. A. She always talks bad about her colleagues.B. She has a good reputation among her colleagues.C. She is good at handling complicated relationships.D. She has good relations with her colleagues and boss.6. A. Harmony in a community. B. Safety in the neighborhood.C. Preparation for Christmas.D. Ways to save electricity.7. A. Watching advertisements may help ease eyestrain（眼疲劳）.B. It's a great chance to break the habit of watching TV.C. The advertisements are long enough for her to have a nap.D. Focusing eyes on the screen for a long time is harmful to eyes.8. A. The man decides to go home by rail.B. Most people travel by car during the festival.C. Most people arrive beyond the scheduled time.D. The man will have a sound sleep on the bus.9. A. He is not a bit overweight.B. He likes his fitness instructor.C. She has set too many rules for him.D. She should talk with his personal trainer.10. A. Greeks are not allowed to get married before 18.B. Greek kids are not as independent as American kids.C. American parents don’t pay for children's wedding.D. Greek parents will take care of children until they are 18.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. The burn is 20 millimeters across.B. The burn is small but very painful.C. The burn takes away the victim's feeling.D. The burn is small but the skin is damaged.12. A. Use a clean plastic bag to keep warm.B. Bind up the burn with bandage or cloth.C. Treat the burned area with cold running water.D. Flush（冲洗）the burn with ice water for several minutes.13. A. To avoid infection. B. To ease pain.C. To speed recovery.D. To reduce stickiness. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A cell phone. B. A leather wallet.C. A mini camera.D. An alarm clock.15. A. The wallet will sound an alarm.B. It will track the thief with GPS system.C. It will contact the bank to block balance.D. Its owner will receive a picture of the thief.16. A. It's out-dated in this digital age.B. It can text messages automatically.C. It is a multifunctional wallet.D. It is unique in appearance and function.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. The concert is beyond her curfew(宵禁).B. She can’t go out on school night.C. Her mother is not available.D. She doesn’t like the band.18. A. His parents set a strict rule for him.B. His parents don’t care when he is back.C. He is self-disciplined and trustworthy.D. He envies those who have curfews.19. A. Promoting maturity. B. Giving sense of security.C. Improving sense of responsibility.D. Discouraging independence.20. A. It’s a severe punishment. B. It’s for her good.C. It’s a ridiculous practice.D. It’s an exceptional case.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends asignal to the person’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. tissueB. treatedC. potentialD. engineeringE. environmentF. limitedG. procedure H. commercial I. promising J. expanding K. internalScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified （改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue,it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgeryis required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Competition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航） systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the beginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ mostsmartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D.currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s thelargest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utility company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation to make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closestin meaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58. What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse （多样化的）compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别） security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,”John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iPhone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless （鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most companies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。
上海市杨浦区高三化学上学期学业质量调研(一模)试题
化学学科试卷考生注意：1．本试卷满分l50分，考试时间120分钟。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Mg-24 Al-27 S-32Cl-35.5 K-39 Fe-56 Cu-64 Zn-65 Ag-108 I-127 Ba-137一、选择题(本题共10分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项。
) 1．下列有关物质应用的说法错误的是A ．铝用于冶炼难熔金属B ．锌用于防护铁腐蚀C ．硝酸用于制炸药D ．生石灰用于食品抗氧化剂 2．下列物质在空气中放置是因为空气中的氧气而变质的是A ．AgIB ．P 4C ．Na 2OD ．漂白粉 3．下列有关化学用语表示正确的是A ．硫离子的结构意示图：B ．某有机物的名称：2-乙基-2-丁烯C ．CH 4分子的比例模型：D ．间硝基甲苯的结构简式：4． 对下列物质溶于水时破坏的作用力描述错误的是A ．氯化钠，破坏了离子键B ．氯化氢，破坏了共价键C ．蔗糖，破坏了分子间作用力D ．二氧化碳，没有破坏作用力 5．按原子序数递增的顺序（稀有气体除外），对第三周期元素性质的描述正确的是 A ．原子半径和离子半径均减小 B ．氧化物对应的水化物碱性减弱，酸性增强C ．单质的晶体类型金属晶体、原子晶体和分子晶体D ．单质的熔点降低二、选择题(本题共36分，每小题3分，只有一个正确选项。
) 6．下列关于35Cl 的说法正确的是A ．35Cl 2与37Cl 2互为同位素 B ． 和 互为同分异构体C ．与37Cl 的得电子能力相同 D ．35Cl －和与它核外电子排布相同的微粒化学性质相同7．羟基自由基可以看做是氢氧根离子失去一个电子后形成的，具有极强的得电子能力，用于有机废水的处理。
2017上海市浦东新区化学高考一模-答案图片
浦东新区2016学年度第一学期教学质量检测高三化学试卷考生注意：1． 本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2． 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上。
3． 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、学校、考试号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
相对原子质量：C -12 O -16Na -23一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1．蒸发海水得到的食盐中，主要含有的可溶性杂质离子除Mg 2+、SO 42－外，还有A ．Ca 2+B ．CO 32－C ．Ba 2+D ．Al 3+ 2．元素性质周期性变化的根本原因是A ．原子半径B ．化合价C ．金属性和非金属性D ．原子核外电子结构 3．在NaAlO 2溶液中加入下列物质，不可能产生白色沉淀的是A ．HClB ．NaHSO 4C ．CO 2D ．Na 2CO 3 4．对稳定人体血液的pH 起重要作用的离子是A ．Na +B ．HCO 3－C ．Fe 2+D ．Cl － 5．含有非极性共价键的离子化合物是 A ．HC ≡CH B ．KOH C ．Na 2O 2 D ．CaCl 2 6．下列化学用语正确的是A ．N 原子的轨道表示式：B ．氧化钠的分子式：Na 2OC ．碳-14原子表示为：14CD ．Na 2S 的电子式：7．下列反应可用离子方程式“H ＋+ OH －→ H 2O ”表示的是A ．H 2SO 4溶液与Ba(OH)2溶液混合B ．NH 3•H 2O 溶液与HCl 溶液混合C ．NaHCO 3溶液与NaOH 溶液混合D ．HNO 3溶液与KOH 溶液混合 8．下列晶体中熔点最高的是A ．食盐B ．硫磺C ．金刚石D ．钨 9．下列说法准确的是A ．KNO 3的溶解度高于NaClB ．KNO 3的溶解度低于NaClC ．含有多种杂质时，KNO 3比NaCl 更适合利用降温结晶（或重结晶）法进行提纯D ．含有多种杂质时，NaCl 比KNO 3更适合利用降温结晶（或重结晶）法进行提纯☜☜1s 2s 2p S10．锌与稀硫酸反应，下列说法错误的是A ．加热可加快反应速率B ．增大稀硫酸的浓度可加快反应速率C ．粉碎锌粒可加快反应速率D ．提高锌的纯度可加快反应速率 11．从滴定管中滴下1滴溶液的体积接近A ．0.5 mLB ．0.1 mLC ．0.05 mLD ．0.01 mL 12．已知离子反应Cu 2+ + Zn → Cu + Zn 2+，该反应证明Cu 2+的氧化性强于 A ．Zn 2+ B ．Zn C ．Cu D ．H + 13．工业上可用还原法制取某些金属单质，以下各项中不属于常用还原剂的是 A ．C B ．CO C ．Al D ．K 14．不能与Na 2O 2反应生成O 2的是 A ．H 2OB ．COC ．CO 2D ．稀H 2SO 415．下列叙述中，错误的是A ．新制氯水的氧化性强于久置氯水B ．过量铁与Cl 2反应时生成FeCl 2C ．1mol Cl 2与热NaOH 溶液反应生成NaClO 3和NaCl 时，需NaOH 2 molD ．将饱和氯水滴到淀粉碘化钾试纸上，试纸先变蓝后变白，说明氯水具有强氧化性 16．C(s) + H 2O(g) → CO(g) + H 2(g) + Q ，反应过程中能量（E ）的变化如下图所示，下列说法正确的是A ．减小压强时，Q 的值增大B ．升高温度时，Q 的值减小C ．该反应是吸热反应D ．Q =E 3－E 1 17．已知CH 3COOH 与CH 3COONa 两种溶质1∶1的混合稀溶液呈酸性。
2017年杨浦区高三化学二模试卷及参考答案
学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研杨浦区2016高三年级化学学科试卷2017.04考生注意：分钟。
1．本试卷满分l00分，考试时间60．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须2涂（选择题）或写（综合分析题）在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
．答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，3并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
不能错位。
答题时应特别注意，4．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，Cl-35.5 Al-27 N-14 O-16 Na-23 相对原子质量：H-1 C-1240分，每小题2分，只有一个正确选项。
) 一、选择题(本题共．《本草纲目》记载的烧酒工艺：“凡酸坏之酒，皆可蒸烧”，“以烧酒复烧二1 次……价值数倍也”。
该方法与分离下列物质的原理相同的是B．硝酸钾和氯化钠A．苯和水丁醇．乙酸丁酯和1- D C．食盐水和泥沙不符的是）的描述与事实2．对乙烯（CH=CH22．分子中六个原子在同一平面上 B A．球棍模型：o D．碳碳双键中的一根键容易断裂．键角：C109 28'．仪器：①容量瓶、②长颈漏斗、③分液漏斗、④滴定管，使用前必须要检查是3 否漏液的是．只有④DC．只有③和④．全部B．①③④A ．不需要通过氧化还原反应就能从海水中获得的物质是4 D．烧碱C．钠．精盐A．液溴 B的乙针筒内，一段时间后，10 mLSO20mLHS推入含有5．常温下，将甲针筒内22的是（气体在同温同压下测定）对乙针筒内现象描述错误A．有淡黄色固体生成B．有无色液体生成10mLSO乙：S20mLH甲：22．气体体积缩小C气体15mL．最终约余D．。
，一、二、三、2、3，6．烷烃命名中常使用三套数字，甲、乙、丙1………………”是说明其中“一、二、三……D．同种烷基数目A．碳原子数B．烷基位置编号C．氢原子数7．下列有关同位素的说法正确的是1818162 的中子数为8 BO 和质子数相差OA．．O18161618个质量相等O1个O与1 DC．．O与O 核电荷数相等．用除去表面氧化膜的细铝条紧紧缠绕在温度计上（如图），将少许硝酸汞溶液8滴到铝条表面，置于空气中，很快铝条表面产生“白毛”，且温度明显上升。
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三化学(二模)
杨浦区2017学年度第二学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级化学学科试卷 2018.03相对原子质量：H —1 C —12 N —14 O —16 S —32 I —127 一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 对铁及铁的化合物颜色描述错误的是（ ） A. 还原铁粉——银白色B. Fe(OH)3——红褐色C. Fe(SCN )3溶液——血红色D. FeSO 4溶液——浅绿色2. 常温下，Fe 、Al 在浓硫酸中钝化，浓硫酸表现了（ ）A. 难挥发性B. 吸水性C. 脱水性D. 强氧化性3. 与“用自来水制取蒸馏水”的原理相似的是（ ）A. 石油裂化B. 石油分馏C. 煤干馏D. 纸层析4. 右图喷泉实验的现象与下列性质无关的是（ ） A. 氨易溶于水 B. 氨能与水反应C. 氨水显碱性D. 氨易液化5. 常温下，表面能自然形成氧化层且使金属不被继续氧化的是（ ）A. AuB. NaC. AlD. Fe6. 下列有关乙炔的说法，错误的是（ ） A. 工业上制备炭黑的原料 B. 含极性键的非极性分子C. 能发生氧化反应D. 分子中所有原子共直线7. 对碳原子核外两个未成对电子的描述，正确的是（ ） A. 电子云形状不同 B. 自旋方向相同C. 能量不同D. 在同一轨道8. 共价化合物不可能（ ） A. 硬度很大B. 常温下为气态C. 由一种原子直接构成D. 溶于水产生阴阳离子9. 属于人工固氮的是（ ） A. 3224NH 5O 4NO 6H O D+揪井+催化剂B. 222NO O 2NO +?C. 2232N 3H 2NH +垐垐垎噲垐催化剂加热加压D. 22N O 2NO +揪揪?打雷闪电10. 下列反应中的能量变化与图示一致的是（ ） A. 盐酸和NaOH 溶液混合 B. CH 4在空气中燃烧 C. Al 与Fe 2O 3反应D. 电解水得到H 2和O 211. 涉及到Al(OH)3弱酸性的是（ ） A. Al 溶于强碱溶液B. Al 溶于强酸溶液C. AlCl 3溶液和氨水混合D. Al(OH)3受热分解12. 对C 2H 6和C 5H 12的分析错误的是（ ）A. 互为同系物B. C 2H 6失去1个H 得到的乙基只有一种结构C. C 5H 12的一氯代物可能只有一种D. 2,2-二甲基丙烷的沸点高于其同分异构体的沸点13. 实验室制备乙酸丁酯的装置如图所示，下列分析错误的是（ ） A. 导气管a 起到冷凝回流的作用 B. 反应后生成的乙酸丁酯仍在试管中 C. 充分反应后在试管中得到纯净的乙酸丁酯D. 制乙酸丁酯的反应温度超过100℃不能用水浴加热14. 侯氏制碱法，向母液中通入NH 3，其目的不是为了（ ） A. 增大4NH +浓度 B. 生成NaHCO 3C. 析出NH 4Cl 晶体D. 降低3HCO -浓度15. 有机物M： 可用作涂料。
上海市青浦区2017-2018学年高三一模化学试题 Word版含答案
青浦区2017-2018学年第一学期高三年级期终学业质量调研测试 化 学 试 卷（时间 60分钟，满分100分）考生注意：1． 本试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2． 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求；所有答题必须涂或写在答题纸上；做在试卷上一律不得分。
3． 答题前，考生务必在答题纸上用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号。
4． 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。
相对原子质量： H-1 C-12 O-16 Ba-137 S-32 Cu-64 Cl-35.5一、 选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每小题只有一个正确选项）1．下列表示正确的是A ．CH 4的比例模型B ．二氧化碳的结构式 O —C —OC ．S 2—的结构示意图 16D ．氯化钠的电子式 Na ︰Cl ︰‥‥CH 2—CH 3 2．烷烃的命名是其他种类有机物命名的基础， CH 2—CH 2—CH 2—CH —CH 3的名称是 CH 3A ．1-甲基-4-乙基戊烷B ．2-乙基戊烷C ．1,4-二甲基己烷D ．3-甲基庚烷 3．许多国家重视海水资源的综合利用，不需要化学变化就能够从海水中获得的物质是 A 、氯、溴、碘B 、烧碱、氢气C 、粗盐、淡水D 、钠、镁、铝4．下列物质的性质可以用“键能”来解释的是A ． SiO 2熔点高B ． 氩气性质稳定C ． 碘易升华D ． NH 3极易溶于水 5．下列有关性质的比较，错误的是A ．酸性：H 2SO 4>H 3PO 4B ．非金属性：Cl>BrC ．碱性：NaOH>Mg(OH)2D ．熔点： K>Na6．有一瓶乙二醇和丙三醇的混合物，它们的性质如下表。
则将乙二醇和丙三醇互相分离的最佳方法是A．分液B．蒸馏C．冷却至0℃后过滤D．加水萃取7．不能用勒夏特列原理解释的是A．使用铁触媒，加快合成氨反应速率B．乙酸乙酯在碱性条件下水解比在酸性条件下水解更有利C．打开汽水瓶盖，即有大量气泡逸出D．配置FeCl3溶液时，加入少量盐酸8．2A(g) B(g) +Q（Q＞0）;下列能量变化示意图正确的是A B C D9．如图所示进行实验，下列说法不正确．．．的是A．装置甲的锌片上和装置乙的铜片上均可观察到有气泡产生B．甲、乙装置中的能量变化均为化学能转化为电能C．装置乙中的锌、铜之间用导线连接电流计，可观察到电流计指针发生偏转D．装置乙中负极的电极反应式：Zn－2e→Zn2+10．下列关于实验操作的叙述正确的是A．酸碱滴定时，眼睛一定要注视滴定管中液面的变化B．实验室制乙烯时，为使受热均匀，应轻轻搅动温度计C．测溶液酸碱性时，须将PH试纸浸入待测液中D．分液时，下层液体先从分液漏斗下口放出，上层液体后从上口倒出11．下列离子方程式正确的是A．金属钠和水反应：Na+2H2O →Na++2OH—+H2↑B．用氢氧化钠溶液吸收少量二氧化硫气体：SO2+2OH—→SO32-+H2OC．硫酸铵溶液和氢氧化钡溶液反应：Ba2++SO42-→BaSO4↓D．醋酸和碳酸钙反应：2H++CaCO3→ Ca2++CO2↑+ H2O12．短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大。
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杨浦区2017学年度第一学期高中等级考模拟质量调研高三年级化学学科试卷2017.12相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Br-80 Ag-108一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，只有一个正确答案）1．对291117Ts中数字的叙述正确的是A．291是Ts元素的相对原子质量B．291是Ts元素的质量数C．117是291117Ts的质子数D．117是291117Ts的中子数2．漂粉精暴露在潮湿的空气中易失效其原因与下列叙述无关的是（）A．HClO的酸性比和H2CO3弱B．次氯酸钙能与碳酸反应C．HClO见光易分解D．Ca(ClO)2是正盐3．石油分馏的原理是利用物质的（）A．沸点差异B．密度差异C．溶解度差异D．化学性质差异4．离子晶体具有的性质是（）A．易导热B．易融化C．熔化状态下导电D．有延展性5．下列有关本的说法，错误的是（）A．分子中所有原子共平面B．分子中无碳碳双键、碳碳单键C．不能发生加成反应D．能发生取代反应6．工业上仅以食盐和水为原料，不能得到了产品是（）A．烧碱B．NaClO溶液C．盐酸D．氮肥NH4Cl7．两个容积相同的容器中分别盛有O2和空气，在同温、同压下，两容器中的气体一定具有相同的（）A．原子数B．分子数C．质量D．密度8．反应物X生成Z的能量变化如图所示，该反应的热化学方程式为（）A．2X(g)→Z(g)+(a-b)kJB．2X(g)→Z(g)+(b-a)kJC．2X(g)→Z(g)+(c-a)kJD．2X(g)→Z(g)+(b-c)kJ9．对NH3有关性质的描述，错误的是（）A．NH3极易溶于水B．NH3具有还原性C．NH3在一定条件下能分解D．右图中浓盐酸换成浓硫酸时现象相同10．下列反应，与硫酸型酸雨的形成肯定无关的是（）A．SO2+2H2S→3S+2H2OB．SO2+H2O H2SO3C．2SO2+O22SO3D．SO3+H2O→H2SO311．在给定条件下，下列物质间的转化不能实现的是（）A．Fe FeCl3B．Fe FeSO4C．Fe Fe3O4D．Fe FeCl212．25℃，(NH4)2SO4的溶液显酸性，是因为（）A．NH4+电离出了H+B．NH4+与水反应生成H+C．硫酸根结合水电离的H+D．硫酸根抑制水电离13．支撑海港码头基础的钢管柱，常用外加电流的阴极保护法进行防腐，工作原理如图所示，下列有关表述错误的是（）A．利用了电解原理B．电子由电源负极流向钢管柱C．钢管柱是负极D ．高硅铸铁作阳极14．CO 2催化加氢可制取汽油（C 5~C 11的烃类混合物），转化过程示意图如下（中括号内是汽油中某些成分的球棍模型）：CO 22H 反应①−−−−−→CO 2H反应②−−−−−→(CH 2)n 2H反应③−−−−−→C 5H 12 ~ C 11H 24下列说法错误的是（ ） A ．反应①：CO 2+H 2催化剂CO+H 2OB ．反应②中形成了碳碳键和碳氢键C ．图中ｂ的名称是5－甲基庚烷D ．图中a 和b 互为同系物15．以下是某工厂的生产流程：下列分析正确的是（ ）A ．循环使用的物质：NH 3和CO 2B ．母液中只含有： 和Cl —C ．向母液中通NH 3、加NaCl 时加热D ．该工厂的产品是纯碱和NH 4Cl16．右图是铝热反应的装置图，对该反应叙述正确的是（ ）A ．铝热反应是放热反应，所以常温下可以反应B ．图中a 为Mg 条，b 为KClO 3，c 为Al 2O 3和Fe 的混合物汽油C．KClO3是该反应的催化剂D．利用铝热反应可焊接钢轨，也可冶炼锰等难熔金属17．一定温度下，恒容密闭容器中发生N2（g）+3H2（g）2NH3（g）反应，反应速率与比较错误的是（）A．平衡状态II时的c(H2)一定小B．平衡常数K一样大C．平衡状态II时的c(NH3)一定大D．平衡状态II时的v(正)一定大18．表格中右图是乙醇分子的化学键断键位置位置的示意图。
下列对乙醇发生反应时的反应条件、断键方式及主要有机产物的叙述错误的是（）19．随原子序数的递增,八种短周期元素的原子半径的相对大小、最高正价或最低负价的变化如图所示，下列分析正确的是（）A．d、e的简单离子半径大小：d<eB．元素的金属性：e<fC．元素的非金属性：d<gD．x、y、z和d四种元素能形成离子化合物20．溴酸银（AgBrO3）和KNO3的溶解度随温度变化曲线如图所示：下列分析错误的是（）A．600C时，AgBrO3饱和溶液的浓度是0.596%B．温度升高时AgBrO3和KNO3溶解速度都加快C．温度对AgBrO3溶解度的影响比对KNO3溶解度的影响大D．KNO3中少量AgBrO3可用重结晶的方法除去二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）（本题共15分）砷（As）是第四周期V A族元素，可以形成As2S3、H3AsO3、H3AsO4等化合物，用途广泛。
完成下列填空：21．砷原子核外有个电子层，最外层有个电子，写出砷原子最外层电子的轨道表示式：。
22．将砷与V A族所有短周期元素的原子半径，按从小到大的顺序排列：（用元素符号表示）。
23．溴位于VIIA族且与砷同周期，比较溴、砷最高价氧化物对应水化物酸性的强弱：强于（填物质的化学式）。
24．周期表中，铝和砷都在金属和非金属过渡线附近，举一例说明铝元素具有非金属性：。
25．已知：稀Na3AsO3溶液、稀碘水和稀NaOH溶液混合，发生如下反应：AsO33− (aq)+I2(aq)+2OH−⇌AsO43− (aq)+2I−(aq)+H2O(l)溶液中c(AsO43−)与反应时间(t)的关系如图所示。
（1）写出该反应的平衡常数的表达式K=___.（2）下列可判断反应达到平衡的是___(填标号).A．溶液的pH不再变化B．v(I−)=2v(AsO33−)C．c (AsO43−)/c (I-)不再变化D．c(I−)=2y mol⋅L−1（二）H2S和SO2会对环境和人体健康带来极大的危害，工业上采取多种方法除去H2S和SO2减少有害气体的排放，完成下列填空。
Ⅰ．H2S的除去用Fe2(SO4)3溶液吸收H2S生成FeSO4。
FeSO4被氧气氧化使Fe2(SO4)3再生，其原理为：方法1：生物脱H2S的原理为：□FeSO4+□O2+□H2SO4−−→−硫杆菌□Fe2(SO4)3+□(1)硫杆菌存在时，FeSO4被氧化的速率是无菌时的5×105倍，由图1和图2判断使用硫杆菌的最佳条件为___。
若反应温度过高，反应速率下降，其原因是___。
27．补全、配平Fe2(SO4)3再生的化学方程式，并标出电子转移的数目和方向28．在一定条件下，也可以用H2O2氧化H2S，其氧化产物随着参加反应的n(H2O2)/n(H2S)变化，氧化产物不同，当n(H2O2)/n(H2S)=4时，氧化产物的化学式为___。
Ⅱ．SO 2的除去用NaOH 吸收SO 2，并用CaO 使NaOH 再生NaOH 溶液CaO②SO2①Na 2SO 3溶液 29．写出过程①的离子方程式：___；30．CaO 在水中存在如下转化：CaO(s)+H 2O (l)→Ca(OH)2(s)⇌Ca 2+(aq)+2OH −(aq)从平衡移动的角度，简述过程②NaOH 再生的原理___。
31．也可用氨水除去SO 2。
某废气含0.2%SO 2和10%O 2（体积含量，其余为N 2）,一定条件下，该废气以5m 3/h 的速率通过催化剂与速率为20 L/h 的NH 3混合，再喷水，得到(NH 4)2SO 4晶体（气体体积均已折算为标准状况）。
通过计算说明NH 3速率控制在20L/h 的原因。
（三）（本题共15分）某溶液中含有Na +还可能含有NH 4+、NO 3-、CO 32-、SO 32-、SO 42-、Br -、I -一种或几种。
为了鉴定其中的阴离子，分别取4份少量溶液进行以下实验：实验①：测得混合液呈弱碱性；实验②：加入盐酸后，生成无色无味气体。
该气体能使澄清石灰水变浑浊；实验③：加CCl 4后，滴加少量氯水，振荡后，CCl 4层未变色；实验④：加BaCl2溶液产生白色沉淀，该白色沉淀在足量盐酸中不能完全溶液。
完成下列填空：32．实验①得到的结论：____________，理由________________________________；33．实验②得到的结论：____________，理由________________________________；34．实验③得到的结论：____________，理由________________________________；35．实验④得到的结论：____________，理由________________________________；36．上述4个实验不能确定是否存在的阴离子是_________________。
37．如何检验溶液中是否含有NH4+______________________________。
（四）（本题共15分）下图是物质A的一种制备方法以及有A引发的系列反应。
完成下列填空：38．HCHO中官能团的名称_________________。
39．写出实验室制备CH≡CH的化学方程式：_______________________________________。
40．写出反应类型。
反应①：_________反应，反应③：______________反应。
41．化合物B含酯基的同分异构体共4种，写出其余3中的结构简式：、________________________________________________。
42．如何检验B 是否完全转化为C ？_______________________________________。
43．是制备氯丁橡胶的原料，以下是一种以为原料制备的合成路线的一部分，请补全其余3步：（合成路线常用的表示方式为：甲反应试剂 、反应条件 乙……反应试剂 、反应条件 目标产物）。