中考专题--主谓一致和倒装句(含答案)

01 命题趋势主谓一致是初中阶段的重要语法项目之一，经常出现在近几年的中考试卷中。

考查重点是主谓一致：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则，其中语法一致原则和就近一致原则是历年的考查热点。

从命题形式来看，主要以单项选择为主，在完形填空、句型转换和翻译句子中有时也会涉及此考点。

02 定义主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。

就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

03 知识归类语法一致原则( )3.—I called you at 5:00 yesterday afternoon，but no one answered.—Sorry，I with my parents______ at that time.A.was shoppingB.were shoppingC.are shoppingD.went shopping( )4. A number of volunteers ____ from far away cities.A.isB.areC.is comeD.arc come( )5. The zoo keeper is worried because the number of visitors ________ smaller and smaller.A.becomeB.are becomingC.is becomingD.have become意义一致原则使用情况例句使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd,family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等，它们作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定：若它们表示一个集体单位，则动词用单数形式；若表示集体中的成员，则谓语用复数形式。

His family isn’t large.His family are fond of watching sports programs.有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等，形式上是单数，而意义上却表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等，形式上是复数，而意义上却表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。

The police are searching for the murder. Physics is really difficult for me“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The young are energetic.某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty (of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时，谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数。

Half of the work has been finished.Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，通常视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

Two pounds isn’t so heavy.Two months is a long holiday.Ten yuan is enough. Ten minus five is five.特例清单s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，谓语动词用单数形式；如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达的国家。

The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.尼亚加拉大瀑布或许是世界上最壮观的瀑布。

2.none如果指量，动词用单数；若用来指数目，与可数名词连用，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；none如果代指不可数名词，则谓语动词用单数。

如：None of the money belongs to me.没有一分钱是属于我的。

None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class.我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。

3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语，谓语动词与of 后面的名词的数保持一致。

如：Most of her money is spent on clothes.她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。

Half of the students watch TV twice a week.一半的学生一周看两次电视。

【题组训练】( )6.—Do you need more time to complete the task?—Yes.Another ten days ______ enough.A.isB.wasC.areD.were( )7. Look! The police _____ the food onto the bank of the river.A.am carryingB.is carryingC.are carryingD.are carried( )8.—Maths ______ my favorite subject.What about you? —Physics _______.I think it’s very interesting.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;is( )9. Thanks to the organization，some money ______ given to the poor children.A.wasB.wereC.are( )10.—How soon can you finish this job?—Two days ____ enough for me to finish the work.I need a week. A.isn’t B.aren’t C.is就近一致原则使用情况例句由or, either…or…, nor,neither…nor…,whether…or…,not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时，谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致Neither you nor he is wrong.Not only Jim but also hisfriends are enjoying the film.Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后，系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致。

Here are some books andpaper for you.There is an orange and twoapples on the plate.【题组训练】( )11.—Neither Tony nor I ____ interested in playing Weibo. —You are out.A.amB.isC.are( )12. There ______ great changes in such kind of PDAs(掌上电脑)in the last few years.A.has beenB.have beenC.has hadD.have had( )13. Across from my home，_______ a shop which sells things from foreign countries.A.it isB.it hasC.there isD.that is( )14. There ______ lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are( )15. Neither my sister nor I ______ been to America before.A.have everB.have neverC.has everD.has never倒装句【题组训练】( )16.—Sorry Sir，I’ve made so many mistakes in this paper.—It’s OK._____.This paper is very difficult.A.So have other studentsB.So do other studentsC.Neither do other studentsD.Neither have other students( )17.—He hasn’t seen that interesting film before.—_________.A.So have IB.Neither have IC.Nor do ID.So do I( )18.—Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.—_________.The weather is pleasant.A.So it isB.So is itC.So it doesD.So does it( )19.—Will you go to Peter’s party this Saturday evening?—I haven’t decided yet.If you don’t go，________.A.so will IB.neither do IC.neither will I ( )20.—Has your mother been to London?—Yes，and _______ .We went together.A.so have IB.so I haveC.neither have ID.neither I have04 整合集训反馈层级化( )1.One of my friends ______ moved to America. I miss her so much.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are( )2.This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I______ good at drawing.A.isB.amC.areD.be ( )3.Ten minutes ago, there _____ an eraser,a pen and some books on the desk.A.isB.areC.wasD.were ( )4.Linda,with her parents, ______ the Wolf Hill, and they will be back this afternoon.A.have gone toB.has been toC.have been toD.has gone to( )5.In 1850,about a third of the USA ______ covered with forests(森林).A.wereB.has beenC.areD.was( )6.The population of the world ______ still _____ now.A.has;grownB.will;growC.is;grownD.is;growing( )7.As the saying goes, no news _______ good news. A.is B.are C.has D.have( )8.Most of the boys who are good at playing basketball_____ in good health.A.isB.areC.wasD.were( )9.—Have you got any water to drink?—Here you are.There ______still some in the bottle.A.areB.hasC.isD.have( )10.Cindy together with her parents often _____ to the movies on weekends.A.goB.goesC.has goneD.have gone( )11.—Which would you like,tea or coffee?—Either______ OK,but I prefer coffee _____ tea.A.is;toB.are;withC.is;withD.are;to( )12.The whole family _______ enjoying the beautiful music now.A.is allB.all isC.all areD.are all ( )13.—How much would you like to pay for the pair of shoes?—Twenty dollars _______ enough.A.beB.isC.areD.am ( )14.—Physics _____ more difficult than math, do you think so?—Yes,I think so.A.isB.areC.hasD.have( )15.Everyone _______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shanxi.A.thinksB.don’t thinkC.thinkD.doesn’t think( )16.Each man and woman _____ the same rights(权利).A.hadB.hasC.haveD.is having( )17.Climbing hills ______ of great help to our health. A.was B.were C.is D.are( )18.Each of the girls here ________ to the West Lake twice.A.have goneB.have beenC.has goneD.has been( )19.Neither my father nor my mother _____ rock music.They think it’s too _______. A.likes;noisy B.likes;noiseC.like;noisyD.like;noise( )20.______ of the land in this district ______ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifths;areB.Two fifth;areC.Two fifth;isD.Two fifths;is( )21.Something _____ gone wrong with my TV set.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are( )22.Talking aloud on a mobile phone ____ impolite. A.are B.seem C.is D.look( )23.Everyone except Bill and Jim _______ there when the meeting began.A.wasB.isC.areD.were( )24.Half of the students _____ made the suggestions. A.has B.have C.is D.are( )25.—How many classes do you usually have a day? —Six classes a day.And each of them ______ 45 minutes.ststsC.haveD.are参考答案：(十三)主谓一致和倒装句题组训练1—5BBABC6—10ACAAA11—15ABCDA16—20ABACA整合集训1—5ABCDD6—10DABCB11—15ADBAA16—20BCDAD21—25ACABB。