作业参考答案
《工程数学(本)》形成性考核作业1-4参考答案(1)
国家开放大学《工程数学(本)》形成性考核作业 1-4 参考答案15501-1.n阶行列式中元素的代数余子式与余子式之间的关系是(A)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：1-2. 三阶行列式的余子式M23=(B)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：2- 1.设A为3×4 矩阵，B为4×3 矩阵，则下列运算可以进行的是(C) .a. A+Bb. B+Ac. ABd. BA'正确答案是：AB2-2. 若A为3×4 矩阵，B为2×5 矩阵，且乘积AC'B'有意义，则C为 (B) 矩阵.a. 2×4b. 5×4c. 4×2d. 4×5正确答案是：5×43-1.设，则BA-1(B) .a.b.c.d.正确答案是：3-2.设，则 (A) .a.b.c.d.正确答案是：4- 1.设A,B均为n阶可逆矩阵，则下列运算关系正确的是(C)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：4-2.设A,B均为n阶方阵，k>0且，则下列等式正确的是(A)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：5-1.下列结论正确的是(C)．a. 若A,B均为n阶非零矩阵，则AB也是非零矩阵b. 若A,B均为n阶非零矩阵，则c. 对任意方阵A，A+A'是对称矩阵d. 若A,B均为n阶对称矩阵，则AB也是对称矩阵正确答案是：对任意方阵A，A+A'是对称矩阵5-2.设A,B均为n阶方阵，满足AB=BA，则下列等式不成立的是(A)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：6-1.方阵A可逆的充分必要条件是(B)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：6-2.设矩阵A可逆，则下列不成立的是(C)．a.b. c. d.正确答案是：7-1.二阶矩阵(B)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：7-2.二阶矩阵(B)．.... dc b a正确答案是：的秩是(D)．a. 1b. 2c. 4d. 3正确答案是： 3的秩为(C)．a. 2b. 4c. 3d. 5正确答案是： 39-1.设向量组为组．a.b.c. ，则(B)是极大无关8-2.向量组8-1.向量组d.正确答案是：9-2.向量组的极大线性无关组是(D)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：10-1.方程组的解为(A)．a.b.c.d.正确答案是：的解为(C)．10-2.用消元法得a.b.c.d.正确答案是：11-1.行列式的两行对换，其值不变．(×)11-2.两个不同阶的行列式可以相加．(×)12-1.同阶对角矩阵的乘积仍然是对角矩阵．( √ )12-2.设A是对角矩阵，则A=A'．( √ )13-1.若为对称矩阵，则a=-3．(×)13-2. 若为对称矩阵，则x=0．( √ )14-1.设，则．(×)14-2. 设，则．( √ )15-1.设A是n阶方阵，则A可逆的充要条件是r(A)=n．( √ )15-2.零矩阵是可逆矩阵．(×)16-1.设行列式，则 -6 ．正确答案是： -616-2. 7 ．正确答案是： 7是关于 x 的一个一次多项式，则该多项式一次项的系数是 ．正确答案是： 217-2. 若行列式 ，则 a= 1 ．正确答案是： 118-1.乘积矩阵 中元素 C 23= 10 ．正确答案是： 1018-2. 乘积矩阵 中元素 C 21= -16 ．正确答案是： -1619-1.设 A,B 均为 3 阶矩阵，且正确答案是： -7219-2. 设 A,B 均为 3 阶矩阵，且正确答案是： 920-1.矩阵的秩为 2 ．正确答案是： 217-1.29 ．-72 ．，则 ，则20-2. 矩阵的秩为 1 ．正确答案是： 12设线性方程组的两个解，则下列向量中(B)一定是的解.a.b.c.d.设线性方程组的两个解，则下列向量中 (B ) 一定是的解.a.b.c.d.设与分别代表非齐次线性方程组的系数矩阵和增广矩阵，若这个方程组无解，则(D)．a.b.c..设与分别代表非齐次线性方程组个方程组有解，则(A)．a. b. c. d.以下结论正确的是(D)．a. 方程个数小于未知量个数的线性方程组一定有解b. 方程个数等于未知量个数的线性方程组一定有唯一解c. 方程个数大于未知量个数的线性方程组一定有无穷多解d. 齐次线性方程组一定有解若某个非齐次线性方程组相应的齐次线性方程组只有零解，则该线性方程组(D)．a. 有无穷多解b. 有唯一解c. 无解d. 可能无解若 向量组线性无关，则齐次线性方程组(D)．a. 有非零解b. 有无穷多解d 的系数矩阵和增广矩阵，若这2c. 无解d. 只有零解若向量组线性相关，则向量组内 (D) 可被该向量组内其余向量线性表出．a.至多有一个向量b. 任何一个向量c. 没有一个向量d. 至少有一个向量矩阵A的特征多项式，则A的特征值为(B)．a.b.c.d.，，矩阵的特征值为(A)．a. -1,4b. -1,2c. 1,4d. 1，-1已知可逆矩阵A的特征值为-3,5 ，则A-1的特征值为 (C) ．....的特征值为 0，2，则 3A 的特征值为 (D) ．a. 2,6b. 0,0c. 0,2d. 0,6 设是矩阵 A 的属于不同特征值的特征向量，则向量组秩是(D)．a. 不能确定b. 1c. 2d. 3设 A ，B 为 n 阶矩阵， 既是 A 又是 B 的特征值，x 既是 A 又是 B 的特征向 量，则结论(A)成立．a. x 是 A+B 的特征向量d c b a 设矩阵 的b. 是A-B的特征值c. 是A+B的特征值d. 是AB的特征值设A,B为两个随机事件，下列事件运算关系正确的是(C)．a.b.c.d.设A,B为两个随机事件，则(B)成立．a.b.c.d.若事件A，B满足，则A与B一定(B)．a. 互不相容b. 不互斥c. 相互独立d. 不相互独立如果(B)成立，则事件A与B互为对立事件．a.b. 且c. A 与 互为对立事件.袋中有 5 个黑球， 3 个白球， 一次随机地摸出 4 个球， 其中恰有 3 个白球 的概率为(D)．....某购物抽奖活动中，每人中奖的概率为 0.3. 则 3 个抽奖者中恰有 1 人中奖的概率为(A)．a. b.c. d. 0.3非齐次线性方程组 相容的充分必要条件是 ． ( √ )线性方程组 可能无解．(×)当 1 时，线性方程组 只有零解．( √ )当 1 时，线性方程组 有无穷多解．(×)d c b a d 2设A是三阶矩阵，且，则线性方程组AX=B有无穷多解．(× )设A是三阶矩阵，且r(A)=3，则线性方程组AX=B有唯一解．( √ )若向量组线性相关，则也线性相关．(×)若向量组线性无关，则也线性无关．( √ )若A矩阵可逆，则零是A的特征值．(×)特征向量必为非零向量．( √ )当 1 时，齐次线性方程组有非零解．若线性方程组有非零解，则 -1 ．一个向量组中如有零向量，则此向量组一定线性相关 .向量组线性相关．向量组的秩与矩阵的秩相等．设齐次线性方程组的系数行列式，则这个方程组有非零解。
第2章作业-2 参考答案
二、综合题
1. 若X＝-0.1110，Y＝-0.1101，采用原码一位乘法运算求 X·Y=? 给出计算过程。
2．若X＝-0.1101,Y＝-0.1011 试利用补码Booth算法（比较 法）求X·Y＝？ 给出计算过程。
3. 将十进制数+76.75存入某微机中，试写出其IEEE754标准规 格化单精度浮点数形式。
第2章作业-2 参考答案
一、单项选择题： 1、两个浮点数相加，一个数的阶码值为7 ，另一个数的阶码值为9 ，则需要将阶码
值较小的浮点数的小数点（ ）。 A ．左移1 位 B ．右移1 位 C ．左移2 位 D ．右移2 位29 ．
答案： C
2、如果某单精度浮点数、某原码、某补码、某移码的32位机器数均为 OxF0000000 。这些数从大到小的顺序是（）。 A ．浮原补移 B ．浮移补原 C ．移原补浮 D . 移补原浮 答案： D
说明
初始值,最后一位补0 Y4Y5=10 +[-X]补
右移一位 Y3Y4=01
+[X]补
右移一位 Y2Y3=10
+[-X]补
右移一位 Y1Y2=01
+[X]补
右移一位 Y0Y1=10 不移位
+[-X]补
3. 解：76.75 = 1001100.11 = 1.00110011 ×26 指数E = 7 + 127 = 133 = 1000 0101B 127是单精度浮点数应加的指数偏移量。
4. 某微机内存有一个单精度规格化浮点数（IEEE754标准）为 C2308000H，试写出其真值。
计算机组成原理
1. 解： X＝-0.1110，Y＝-0.1101 ，X*＝0.1110，Y*＝0.1101。 其中寄存器 B=X* ,计数器Cd=4。计算过程:
作业的参考答案
《计算机网络技术》课程作业参考答案第五章运输层5.1 试说明运输层在协议栈中的地位和作用。
运输层的通信和网络层的通信有什么重要的区别？为什么运输层是必不可少的？答案：（1）运输层是ＯＳＩ七层模型中最重要最关键的一层，是唯一负责总体数据传输和控制的一层。
运输层要达到两个主要目的：第一提供可靠的端到端的通信；第二，向会话层提供独立于网络的运输服务。
在讨论为实现这两个目标所应具有的功能之前，先考察一下运输层所处的地位。
首先，运输层之上的会话层、表示层及应用层均不包含任何数据传输的功能，而网络层又不一定需要保证发送站的数据可靠地送至目的站；其次，会话层不必考虑实际网络的结构、属性、连接方式等实现的细节。
根据运输层在七层模型中的目的和地位，它的主要功能是对一个进行的对话或连接提供可靠的传输服务；在通向网络的单一物理连接上实现该连接的利用复用；在单一连接上进行端到端的序号及流量控制；进行端到端的差错控制及恢复；提供运输层的其它服务等。
运输层反映并扩展了网络层子系统的服务功能，并通过运输层地址提供给高层用户传输数据的通信端口，使系统间高层资源的共享不必考虑数据通信方面的问题。
（2）运输层提供应用进程间的逻辑通信，也就是说，运输层之间的通信并不是真正在两个运输层之间直接传送数据。
运输层向应用层屏蔽了下面网络的细节（如网络拓扑、所采用的路由选择协议等），它使应用进程看见的就是好像在两个运输层实体之间有一条端到端的逻辑通信信道。
网络层为主机之间提供逻辑通信，而运输层为应用进程之间提供端到端的逻辑通信。
（3）运输层的最终目标是为用户提供有效、可靠和价格合理的服务。
在一个系统中，运输实体通过网络服务与其它运输实体通信，向运输层用户（可以是应用进程，也可以是会话层协议）提供运输服务。
运输层的服务包括的内容有：服务的类型、服务的等级、数据运输、用户接口、连接管理、快速数据运输、状态报告、安全保密等。
因此，运输层是必不可少的。
参考答案-词汇作业
多项选择 1 （1－30）1. If you want to listen to the video, turn the knob ______ and then tune in.a. leftb. rightc. roundd. clockwise2. Daphne answered with her______ enthusiasm. She is always so carefree.a. particularb. specificc. customaryd. accidental3. The rent is payable ______. Thus, you need to go the landlady four times a year.a. quarterb. quarterlyc. monthlyd. annual4. The offer of two tickets for the price of one makes it a very attractive ______.a. adviceb. prospectc. propositiond. suggestion5. They are unable to ______ positive life values to their children because they have none.a. informb. impartc. issued. tell6. The maid said she paid $100 and the bill says $80; how does she explain the ______?a. intervalb. gapc. intermissiond. discrepancy7. Before the sailors set out, they had an ______ intuition that something was not right.a. instinctb. intuitionc. natured. trade8. A good reader knows how to focus on topic sentences and ______ over unimportant details.a. concentrateb. scanc. skipd. commence9. El Nino is caused by ______amounts of warm water in the Pacific Ocean.a. deliberateb. abnormalc. primitived. consistent10. With so many inexpensive fashion stores, it's a bargain-hunter's ______.a. homeb. paradisec. cradled. shrine11. The sunrise as seen from the top of Mountain Tai is a tremendous ______.a. visionb. primec. spectacled. scenery12. No effort is noticeably made to ______ civilian casualties.a. dwarfb. shrinkc. cutd. minimize13. The triathlon is the ultimate ______test.a. facultyb. endurancec. patienced. strength14. His words were calm, but his voice ______ his very real concern and anxiety.a. informedb. betrayedc. subjectedd. introduced15. The couple hoped that having a child would ______ new life into their marriage.a. stimulateb. convertc. probed. inject16. The boss ______ the importance of human relationships in his company, thus afailure.a. estimatedb. overestimatedc. underestimatedd. suppressed17. The terrorist activities of this religious group have come under police ______.a. cautionb. scrutinyc. searchd. evaluation18. The attacker moves in with a kick to the head and the defender raises his arm to -______ it off.a. shakeb. avoidc. escaped. ward19. The government is offering special tax ______ to people aged 40 to 50 who wantto start up small businesses.a. intentionsb. purposesc. incentivesd. inspirations20. The essence of war is ______, whatever excuses the statesmen may produce for it.a. ingredientb. componentc. extractd. essence21. There's a ______ in the fact that although we're living longer than ever before,people are more obsessed with health issues than they ever were.a. factb. truthc. principled. paradox22. Brian ______ his back trying to lift a heavy rock.a. knockedb. smashedc. crushedd. wrenched23. The first week at school is orientation week for all the freshmen.a. introductionb. orientationc. acquaintanced. familiarity24. Ginny ______ for the switch in the dark room.a. probedb. lookedc. soughtd. groped25. The image of the tiger in oriental cultures ______ power and strength.a. mattersb. displaysc. admitsd. signifies26. The kangaroo stopped, caught in the ______ of the car's headlights.a. illuminationb. blazec. glared. flash27. The U.S. alone used her ______ over a UN resolution to condemn the Israeliassassination of Hamas leaders.a. powerb. authorityc. privileged. veto28. I found to my ______ that I had left my textbooks behind.a. disappointmentb. dissatisfactionc. dismayd. depression29. Tight muscles are ______ to injury. So warm up fully before you do intensiveexercise.a. subjectb. pronec. likelyd. obliged30. I have ______ strictly to the rules.a. insistedb. persistedc. stoodd. adhered多项选择 2 （31－60）31. For only once their wishes ______. The couple both wanted a quick divorce.a. combinedb. competedc. coincidedd. compromised32. The recent discovery of this entertainment acted as a ______ to regionaldevelopment.a. stimulusb. excitementc. agitationd. inspiration33. The General was accused of committing crimes against ______.a. humanitariansb. humanityc. humand. humanities34. Despite my reservations about some chapters of the book, I do believe that it hasmuch to ______ it.a. commandb. commendc. commitd. communicate35. Lincoln‟s Address ______ the soldiers who died in the American Civil War.a. celebratesb. commemoratesc. memorizesd. applauds36. Where there are areas of high unemployment, farm workers tend to ______ toother, wealthier parts of the country.a. migrateb. flyc. transferd. switch37. Failure to ______ with the new traffic regulations will result in severepunishment.a. contrastb. consultc. complyd. conflict38. Coastal areas in China are now in the ______ of an apartment construction boom.a. centerb. midstc. cored. case39. I wonder sometimes, wonder how much is ______ and how much is truth.a. manufacturedb. maneuveredc. manipulatedd. fabricated40. The sculpture ______ the artist‟s love of nature.a. displaysb. embodiesc. embedsd. empowers41. Chinese government will ______ between the Democratic People‟s Republic ofKorea and the other four nations concerned.a. reconcileb. mediatec. settled. compromise42. His attitude towards all religion is ______.a. convincedb. criticalc. uncertaind. skeptical43. Exchanging rates between American Dollar and British Pound have reached______.a. plateaub. flatc. leveld. stability44. Tiger Woods is among the few golfers who have dominated certain events with -______ victories.a. evenb. consecutivec. tentatived. smooth45. The diamond ring was made with ______ workmanship. It must have taken a lotof time to be made.a. deliberateb. deliciousc. exquisited. delicate46. Darwin's theories about evolution were ______ by many people, especially thefundamentalists.a. discoveredb. denouncedc. detectedd. discharged47. Only telescopic observers could ______a few large galaxies.a. noticeb. discernc. telld. identify48. Pop concert goers use binoculars to ______ far-off objects.a. magnifyb. increasec. developd. multiply49. We shall have to stick to our promise, ______ of the cost.a. whateverb. irrespectivec. disregardd. instead50. We could not deny the ______ and the gradualness of the processes which arechanging the earth.a. fluencyb. continuationc. continuityd. assumption51. It is said that Bin Laden is the ______ head of Al Quadra, and his assistant is incharge.a. nominalb. virtualc. falsed. superficial52. Acid rain has ______ the air-conditioners outdoors.a. wornb. corruptedc. corrodedd. destroyed53. It is hard to imagine Baghdad to be one of the ______ of world civilization.a. placesb. cradlesc. sitesd. sources54. Nobody will be untouched to see their ______ living conditions.a. wretchedb. wreckedc. wrenchedd. wrinkled55. The Pacific islands are great tourist destinations and people there have continuedtheir relaxed lifestyle and kept up a tradition of ______.a. cordialityb. fraternityc. hospitalityd. familiarity56. In the museum we saw a(n)______ of the business streets in Shanghai in the olddays.a. modelb. imitationc. miniatured. duplicate57. The Renaissance was a(n)______ of unparalleled cultural achievement.a. stageb. markc. epochd. symbol58. The suspect appeared totally ______ from the horrific nature of his crimes.a. detachedb. pulledc. deviatedd. dislocated59. The critic‟s review would usually ______ into a personal attack on writer.a. getb. degeneratec. degraded. deteriorate60. More evidence of environmental damage is expected to emerge in legal ______against the chemical plant.a. accusationb. indictmentc. cased. proceedings多项选择 3 （61－90）61. A judge has now issued a ______ for his arrest.a. warrantb. guaranteec. certificated. vest62. The witness statements _______ each other and the facts remain unclear.a. rejectb. refusec. contradictd. disputed63. Alice lies in her bed, brooding over the wrongs done to her.a. consideringb. broodingc. thinkingd. puzzling64. The prize winner was ______ to the stage to deliver a speech..a. escortedb. assignedc. dispatchedd. supervised65. Everyone offered to ______ a day‟s pay to the city charities and the Hope Project.a. offerb. donatec. administerd. provide66. Suburban areas have become the home of the poor and socially ______ groups.a. trifleb. littlec. marginald. slim67. The ______ of life in a village is totally different from the hustle and bustle in acity.a. rateb. racec. speedd. tempo68. The U.S. is interested in accusing some …evil‟nations of possessing a ______nuclear arsenal.a. subtleb. formidablec. delicated. tedious69. Lack of education is one of the reasons for the high ______ of crime in thisdistrict.a. incidenceb. epidemicc. cased. instance70. During the early days of the Iraqi War, CCTV announced ______ by a localcorrespondent.a. informationb. writingsc. contributionsd. dispatches71. He had an appointment with his dentist to have the ______ in his tooth filled.a. dentb. hollowc. cavityd. vacuum72. Of nearly 1,000 questionnaires that were sent out, only 287 were returned.a. questionsb. noticesc. questionnairesd. surveys73. Wal-Mart is leading the way to ______ others in the world-wide merchandisingbusiness.a. matchingb. surpassingc. excellingd. smashing74. The ______ majority of the crew are against the proposal.a. overflowingb. overwhelmingc. overtakingd. overloading75. Look, officer. I‟m as______ as a judge.I‟m not drunk at all.a. calmb. soberc. consciousd. scrupulous76. Her intelligence more than ______ for her lack of fund.a. makesb. rewardsc. compensatesd. offers77. The Hamas vowed to take ______ for the loss of their spiritual leader.a. ventb. venturec. revenged. proceedings78. Most people feel all but ______ for those who possess racing cars and designerclothes.a. disrespectb. contemptc. disappointmentd. dissatisfaction79. Jack is such a(n)______ that he runs away at the first sign of danger.a. foolb. cowardc. runnerd. escapee80. The rattlesnake could see in the dark and made no noise as it ______ along.a. slidb. glidedc. slitheredd. slipped81. Multi-media technology is being used in schools and homes to ______ languagelearning.a. helpb. contributec. facilitated. enhance82. She ______ too much on her glorious past before she got really old.a. dweltb. explainedc. dealtd. discussed83. The Manchester United ______ their lead with a third goal in the second half.a. intensifiedb. magnifiedc. consolidatedd. enforced84. Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone______ a series of seven books about themagic world by J. K. Rowling.a. setb. raisedc. announcedd. inaugurated85. AIDS has a(n)______ period of as long as ten years before its symptoms becomeapparent.a. potentialb. imminentc. latentd. prominent86. Criminologists believe he could still be a ______ to society.a. menaceb. intimidationc. submissiond. damage87. Revelations of taking bribes helped bring about the ______ of the governor'scareer.a. periodb. stagec. phased. eclipse88. Two housewives were quarrelling angrily, with______ at their mouths.a. foamb. fumec. sponged. spittle89. Phillips has repeatedly ______ his innocence.a. succeededb. disclosedc. revealedd. proclaimed90. Because as the days ______ so would the true identity of her daughter.a. betrayedb. expandedc. unfoldedd. spread多项选择 4 （91－120）91. As a UN peacekeeping soldier, he needs to ______ himself for unexpected attacks.a. exertb. applyc. braced. plunge92. The guide is leading a multinational group, ______ between French and English.a. alteringb. changingc. alternatingd. differing93. Chinese Peking Opera is one of our great national verbal ______.a. legendsb. heritagesc. traditionsd. masterpieces94. A quarter of the pupils in the International School are of Asian ______.a. sourceb. descendc. traced. origin95. Unemployed, they couldn‟t possibly meet the ________ payments of their flat.a. fundb. leasec. mortgaged. loan96.The expert ______ the explosive into the sea.a. thrustb. tippedc. tiltedd. flung97. The ______ remarks of the Secretary of State were widely reported in the press.a. boringb. irritatingc. offensived. provocative98. The lecturer ______ the teaching to a bottom-up process for a change.a. divertedb. invertedc. insertedd. reverted99. The wounded man lay there moaning and ______, with no one to help him.a. weepingb. sobbingc. groaningd. grinning100. The Japanese Language ______ Test is being widely received.a. Efficiencyb. Sufficiencyc. Proficiencyd. Deficiency 101. The tragic ______ is that the fake milk powder was supposed to be nutritious.a. miracleb. playc. decisiond. irony102. His aunt is his legal _____ when Huck Finn lost his parents.a. protectorb. guardianc. patrond. sponsor103. He is a(n)______ person. He loves his country and is willing to defend it.a. honestb. patrioticc. sincered. noble104. Y esterday in the semi-final we saw Y ao Ming ______ Michael Jordan.a. forb. againstc. versusd. to105. Police used tear gas to ______ the protesting crowd.a. dismissedb. dispatchedc. dispersedd. distracted106. We could not help being impressed by the______ of the mountains, as they reached into the clouds.a. majestyb. magnitudec. solemnityd. solitude107. The FBI said anyone receiving such a package from a stranger should exercise ______ when opening it.a. seriousnessb. scrutinyc. cautiond. care108. He gave a______ excuse about missing the bus. Nobody believed it.a. soundb. lamec. justifiabled. persistent109. Revelations that two high-ranking officers had lied in court led to the downfall of the government.a. revolutionb. resolutionc. revelationd. reversion 110. There is a______ of gold and silver running through the mountain.a. veinb. veilc. vaind. vent111. Some sociologists believe that technological ______ pushes forward human history.a. imitationb. fusionc. innovationd. contribution 112. The biological professor made every ______ to help the boy to see through a microscope.a. trialb. pursuitc. obligationd. endeavour 113. Feeling contended ______ with a long life expectancy.a. communicatesb. combinesc. correlatesd. corresponds 114. We've spent weeks investigating myth and it's got us completely ______.a. batteredb. baffledc. embarrassedd. confused 115. I feel greatly ______ by your invitation to the opening ceremony.a. proudb. excitedc. flatteredd. touched 116. The People Congress has the power to ______ the constitution.a. changeb. alterc. amendd. convert 117. Violence ______ after police shot a student during the demonstration.a. eruptedb. brokec. issuedd. originated 118. By a strange ______, the rider fell on the very spot where he had fallen a previous time.a. eventb. occurrencec. coincidenced. evidence 119. A British war correspondent was held ______ for a fortnight.a. mortgageb. guaranteec. warrantyd. hostage 120. ______ is the study of the earth‟s history as shown by i ts crust, rocks, soil etc.a. Geographyb. Geophysicsc. Geologyd. Geometry多项选择 5 （121－150）121. The witness has agreed to ______ at the trial.a. modifyb. testifyc. satisfyd. qualify 122. All the plants they bought on ______ have never survived longer than a month.a. impactb. impulsec. impetusd. implication 123. Y ou can hardly imagine the kind of animals that ______ the desert.a. inhabitb. inheritc. resided. dwell124. Motor traffic is______ in much of the downtown areas of Shanghai on Monday mornings.a. pausedb. paralyzedc. confusedd. disordered 125. Where did he get the ______ for his masterpiece?a. conceptb. sketchc. inspirationd. resource 126. The saleslady looked expectantly at all the ______ customers.a. prospectiveb. respectivec. expectantd. imminent 127. At least 15 million Americans still hold the _______ view that cancer is contagious.a. ambiguousb. erroneousc. incredibled. comprehensive 128. When he dashed to the terminal, he was______ for breath.a. catchingb. gaspingc. exhalingd. exhausting129. Y oung people with a sunny ______ are more likely to be popular.a. dispositionb. fondnessc. likingd. likeness 130. Strangely enough, some people are ______ to SARS.a. ridb. immunec. deprivedd. void131. The genocide was in complete ______ of the international convention.a. viewb. contrastc. disregardd. respect 132. It is now possible for them to work from home instead of ______ to offices.a. trottingb. runningc. commutingd. walking 133. An attempt to rescue the men has been _______ by the snowstorm.a. hamperedb. intervenedc. hammeredd. insulated 134. Handle the ancient porcelain with care--it's very ______.a. crispb. exquisitec. fragiled. feeble135. Human beings seem to be the only creature to ______ whether there are other life forms in the universe.a. thinkb. reflectc. dwelld. ponder 136. Economical development without ecological reference is ultimately a logical impossibility in a world of ______ resources.a. certainb. finitec. definited. infinite 137. The violinist‟s performance was ______ itself. His is the best in the country.a. showb. perfectionc. executiond. novelty 138. Tribe chiefs are now united in their ______ for peace.a. pursuitb. endeavorc. questd. exploration 139. What he says and does will be decisive for the ______elections.a. imminentb. forthcomingc. futured. ominous 140. As soon as the first ______ of a science fiction was published in the newspaper, it became an immediate hit.a. partb. columnc. commentd. installment 141. When he came down the slope, his ski was gaining ______ all the time.a. strengthb. impulsec. momentumd. impact 142. The naughty children______ the queer dialect of the new boy.a. satirizedb. mockedc. laughedd. amused 143. The______ of this year‟s London Marathon outnumbers those of last year‟s.a. candidatesb. playersc. participantsd. enthusiasts 144. The President‟s foreign policy______ many of his former followers.a. alienatedb. mobilizedc. distractedd. detached 145. The assistant manager was______ to president of the company.a. nominatedb. delegatedc. elevatedd. escalated 146. Where art is concerned, he is only a(n)_____; he knows almost nothing about it.a. amateurb. ignorantc. foold. layman 147. According to the law, a suspect is______ to be innocent until he is proved guilty.a. grantedb. regardedc. presumedd. decided 148. Y oung people‟s social environment has a______ eff ect on their later development.a. deepb. solidc. profoundd. complete149. It‟s interesting to note that some insects______ dead leaves so as to escape their enemies.a. pretendb. simulatec. liked. mask150. The country consisted of several small states and was______ only recently.a. blendedb. unifiedc. assembledd. connected练习2. 将方框中词语和下面的定义相匹配1.the act or the process of flowing out: J2.to break down into component parts G3.on board a ship, train, aircraft, or other passenger vehicle. I4.heedful of circumstances and potential consequences; prudent. A5.the part of the mind below the level of conscious perception. E6.to pay back or compensate (another party) for money spent or losses incurred. H7.concerned with or comprehending only what is apparent or obvious B8.to represent as greater than is actually the case F9.to yield or surrender (oneself) to the will or authority of another D10.to confuse or trouble with uncertainty or doubt. C练习3. 判断句意是否正确（100句）________ 1. Counterfeit money has no real value.________ 2. An assassin kills prominent people.________ 3. An assailant may flee if his victim cries, “Help!”________ 4. Adverse circumstances will impede a project.________ 5. One‟s somber attitude may be caused by dire circumstances.________ 6. A garrison contains several barracks.________ 7. A high casualty rate is pleasing.________ 8. The military punish soldiers who try to desert.________ 9. Officers in the military are civilians.________ 10. Soldiers never want plunder.________ 11. It is a sentry‟s duty to watch an area in order to protect it.________ 12. A guardian takes care of a ward.________ 13. Parents normally have custody of their children.________ 14.An adolescent is younger than a toddler.________ 15.Friction is good to build up a harmonious atmosphere.________ 16. Workers enjoy being reprimanded by their supervisors.________ 17. Many people long to live in mansions.________ 18. New houses need renovation.________ 19. Most affluent people live in ghettos.________ 20. An eloquent speaker mumbles.________ 21. We are good at things that we have a high aptitude for.________ 22. An insightful person discerns the truth of situations.________ 23. We are sometimes baffled by strange notions.________ 24.People who are exiled are imprisoned in the prosperous cities of their country. ________ 25. Treason is regarded as a serious crime.________ 26. Diplomatic relations may be severed if the countries have a major argument. ________ 27.Predators are usually weaker than their prey.________ 28. Hermits usually enjoy living in the urban area.________ 29. People tend to be frightened by eerie phenomena.________ 30. Wild animals such as tigers and lions can be ferocious.________ 31. People who lapse into a coma sometimes revive and sometimes die.________ 32. If one is immune to a disease, he will not catch that disease.________ 33. One can‟t be too careful to take the correct dosage of any medicine.________ 34. To cure patients‟ nausea with plagues is a common practice________ 35. Y ou will have trouble working when you feel drowsy.________ 36. An auction is a private sale.________ 37. If people spend too much, they will have a deficit.________ 38. Robbers will steal gems as hard as they can.________ 39. Thrifty people save money for the future.________ 40. Frugal person are usually careful about spending money.________ 41. People usually use bleach on white clothing.________ 42. Boutiques display their merchandise on racks.________ 43. People cast off things that are stunning.________ 44. When we scrutinize something, we look at it carefully.________ 45. People want their clothing to be crumpled when they dress up for a party.________ 46. A hoax may fool gullible people.________ 47. Reading blurry print is difficult.________ 48. One has to be skeptical of something that is obviously true.________ 49. Illustrations in magazines depict important aspects of the articles.________ 50. A news report can trigger a public reaction.________ 51. Rice is a staple in China.________ 52. People refrigerate food to keep it from spoiling.________ 53. Drinking alcohol keeps you sober.________ 54. When one craves something, he does not like it.________ 55. Fresh steam bread is usually stale.________ 56. Government encourages people to hoard food.________ 57. We usually eat banquets in saloons.________ 58. Children often gnaw on soup.________ 59. Y ou mix two ingredients together when a recipe says to blend them.________ 60. Notorious people are famous for bad actions.________ 61. People try hard to evade receiving money for their work.________ 62. Torture is certainly one type of ordeal.________ 63. People may get injured in a riot.________ 64. A molested person is a criminal.________ 65. Timid people are often intimidated by threats.________ 66. Wrath can lead to quarrels and fights.________ 67. We should strive for what we wish to get.________ 68. One should endeavor to do a perilous task carefully.________ 69. People are reluctant to do things that they detest.________ 70. A burial service is given to a person after he perishes.________ 71. Officers feel pleased when their men comply with their orders.________ 72. It is a good idea to encroach on your neighbor‟s territory.________ 73. A single person can rendezvous.________ 74. If your supplies dwindle, you will have to get more supplies.________ 75. A child who is born in a monogamous marriage is illegitimate.________ 76. When a person pleads for something he speaks against it.________ 77. We want others to squat on our property.________ 78. If one does not have a place to stay, he needs someone to put him up.________ 79. Y ou feel it hard to understand an incoherent person.________ 80. A subtle change is not very noticeable.________ 81. A person who makes a rambling speech does not get to the point quickly.________ 82. An inventor, to be of any value to the society, should not be ingenious.________ 83. Students who are proficient at a foreign language know that language well.________ 84. A person gets renowned because he or she is not accomplished at some art.________ 85. People wish to be adept at the things that they do.________ 86. A bored person often fidgets.________ 87. We agitate for things that we are against.________ 88.Reactionary people support liberal changes.________ 89. One who presides over a meeting is in charge of it.________ 90.A barren landscape is usually covered with lush vegetation.________ 91. A plant usually blooms during its dormant period.________ 92. People who are sauntering are not moving fast.________ 93. People are overjoyed on hearing ominous news.________ 94. Doctors understand anatomy.________ 95. Exercise causes physically weak people to gasp.________ 96. We often flush when we are embarrassed.________ 97. People with a lot of stamina get fatigued easily.________ 98. Physical exercise may cause a chubby child to pant.________ 99. Bones are frequently fractured.________ 100.Aging people are often frail.1.NO 99 NOTE ON USAGE 用法: Compare cry, sob, weep, wail and whimper. 试比较cry﹑sob﹑weep﹑wail﹑whimper这五个词. They all indicate people expressing emotions, often with tears. 这些词均指强烈感情的表现, 常伴有眼泪. Cry has the widest use and may be the result of unhappiness, joy, etc or, especially with babies, of physical discomfort *cry使用最广, 可为出於难过﹑喜悦等或因身体不适（尤指小儿）: The little boy was crying because he was lost. 那小孩因迷路而哭. * Babies cry when they are hungry. 婴儿肚子饿了就哭. Weep is more formal than cry and can suggest stronger emotions *weep比cry文雅, 可表示更为强烈的感情: The hostages wept for joy on their release. 人质获释时喜极而泣. Sob indicates crying。
形考作业3参考答案2
1．单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分。
下列每小题给出的选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
）题目1未回答满分1.00标记题目题干（）是用一系列定量指标去衡量风险的高低，以便确定风险是否需要防范和规避。
选择一项：A. 政府债务风险评价B. 政府债务风险识别C. 政府债务风险管理效果评价D. 政府债务风险估测正确答案是：政府债务风险评价题目2未回答满分1.00标记题目题干政府经济活动的主体是（）。
选择一项：A. 各级党委B. 各级政协C. 各级政府D. 各级人大正确答案是：各级政府题目3未回答满分1.00标记题目题干政府经济的依据主要是（）。
选择一项：A. 私人财产所有权B. 法律制度C. 道德劝说D. 社会公共权力正确答案是：社会公共权力题目4未回答满分1.00标记题目题干（）是指公债券的发行价格高于债券票面值。
选择一项：A. 溢价发行B. 折价发行C. 底价发行D. 平价发行正确答案是：溢价发行题目5未回答满分1.00标记题目题干按照（）分类，公债发行方法可以分为市场销售法和非市场销售法。
选择一项：A. 公债发行规模B. 政府是否通过市场发行公债C. 政府在公债发行过程中同应募者之间的联系方式D. 公债发行对象正确答案是：政府是否通过市场发行公债题目6未回答满分1.00标记题目题干按照（）分类，政府支出可分为购买性支出和转移性支出。
选择一项：A. 经济性质B. 预算编制方法C. 预算管理体制D. 政府职能正确答案是：经济性质题目7未回答满分1.00标记题目题干按照公共物品的（）分类，公共物品可分为纯公共物品和准公共物品。
选择一项：A. 作用B. 性质C. 收益范围D. 来源正确答案是：性质题目8未回答满分1.00标记题目题干自来水公司根据每个居民户的用水数量，按每吨水一定价格收取水费，而不再考虑用水限额等问题的方法属于下列哪一种公共定价法？（）选择一项：A. 二部定价法B. 三部定价法C. 单一定价法D. 高峰负荷定价法正确答案是：单一定价法题目9未回答满分1.00标记题目题干转变政府经济职能要求建立服务型政府，服务型政府以（）的思想为根本理念，以提供私人、社会不愿意提供或没有能力提供的公共物品和服务为主要职能。
第一次作业及参考答案
第一次作业：第一章一．名词解释：1．饱和空气2．未饱和空气3．制冷4．露点温度5．含湿量6．绝对湿度7. 相对湿度二．简答题：1．空气调节的定义与客车空调装置的任务2．说明制冷与空调的区别和联系3．空气的干球温度、湿球温度和露点温度有什么区别？三者之间的关系如何？4．确定空调装置外气计算参数的方法是什么？5．空气的相对湿度与含湿量有何区别？空气的枯燥程度与吸湿能力大小由那个参数反映？6．白天空气的温度为30℃，相对湿度为50%，夜间温度下降至20℃，夜间会出现结露吗？夜间的相对湿度是多少？7．冷却、冷藏、冷冻都有什么区别？8．焓湿图由哪几种线群组成？9．列车空调系统主要由哪几个根本局部组成？各局部的用作是什么？第一次作业参考答案一．名词解释：1．饱和空气：干空气和饱和水蒸汽的混合物称为饱和空气。
2．未饱和空气：干空气和过热水蒸汽的混合物称为过饱和空气。
3．制冷：用一定的方法使某物体或空间的温度低于周围环境介质的温度，并且使其维持在某一范围内，这个过程称为制冷。
4．露点温度：指某一状态的空气,在含湿量不变时,降温至饱和状态时的温度。
5．含湿量：随一公斤干空气同时存在的水蒸汽质量，称为湿空气的含湿量〔g〕。
6．绝对湿度：每立方米湿空气中所含水蒸汽的质量，称为空气的绝对湿度。
7．相对湿度：一立方米湿空气中所含水蒸汽的质量，与同一温度下饱和空气中所含水蒸汽质量的比值称为相对湿度。
二．简答题：1. 空气调节的定义与客车空调装置的任务答：空气调节：把经过一定处理后的空气，以一定的方式送入室内，使室内空气的温度、相对湿度、气流速度和干净度等控制在适当范围内的专门技术。
客车空调装置的任务是将一定量的车外新鲜空气和车内再循环空气混合后，经过过滤、冷却或加热、减湿或加湿等处理，以一定的流速送入车内，并将车内一定量的污浊空气排出车外。
答：制冷：用人工的方法在一定时间和空间内将某物体或流体冷却，使其温度低于周围环境介质的温度，并保持这个低温的过程。
作业一参考答案
作业一（第一、二、三部分）一．第一部分1.写出聚氯乙烯、聚乙二醇、涤纶、尼龙-610、聚乙烯醇、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯和氯丁橡胶的分子式、重复单元及单体，并用系统命名法命名。
2. （1）数均分子量M n 和重均分子量M w 的物理意义是什么试证明多分散系数d ≥1。
（2）某聚合物试样由下列级分组成，试计算该试样的数均分子量M n 和重均分子量M w 以及多分散系数d 。
解：（1）数均分子量的物理意义是各种不同分子量的分子所占的分数与其相对应的分子量乘积的总和。
重均分子量的物理意义是各种不同分子量的分子所占的重量分数与其相对应的分子量乘积的总和。
设i M 为i 聚体的分子量，则()22220i n i i i nin i i M M N M N M NM M N -=+-≥∑∑∑∑亦即20w n n M M M -≥故当i n M M ≡时，则w n M M ≡，当i n M M ≠时，则w n M M 。
（2）456118484.30.50.40.1101010i ini n M M n===++∑∑45650.5100.4100.110 1.45101i iwiw M M w⨯+⨯+⨯===⨯∑∑51.45107.8418484.3w n M d M ⨯===二．第二部分3. 多少乙酸加到等摩尔比的己二酸和己二胺中才能使聚酰胺的分子量为11318，反应程度为 %，求乙酸和己二酸的摩尔比解：设己二酸加料为1mol 时，乙酸为N mol ，将P ＝，11318,113n X =代入112n r X r r ϕ'+='+-中，解得0.99r '=。
由120.99122b b b N r N N N ⨯'==='+⨯+， 得N ＝。
所以乙酸和己二酸得摩尔比为：1。
4. 计算下列体形缩聚反应体系的凝胶点：（1）邻苯二甲酸和甘油的摩尔比为:；（2）邻苯二甲酸、甘油和乙二醇的摩尔比为::解：（1）30.982 2.371.500.98f ⨯⨯==+，220.8442.39c P f ===（2）(30.990.0022)2 2.391.500.990.005f ⨯+⨯⨯==++；220.8382.39c P f === 。
《系统工程》作业习题参考答案
《系统工程》作业习题参考答案第三章:初步系统分析1、设有5个销售员w 1、w2、w3、w4、w 5，他们的销售业绩由二维变量v 1、v 2描述，如下表所示，使用绝对值距离来测量点与点之间的距离，用最长距离法来测量类解：第一步：计算样本点与样本点之间的距离，得到距离矩阵：⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡04042055306641054321w w w w w第二步：将距离最近的样本点w 1和w 2合并为类h 6，在新分类情况下计算距离： ⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡06064044206543h w w w 第三步：将距离最近的样本点w 3和w 4合并为类h 7，继续计算距离：⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎣⎡060460765h h w 第四步：合并w 5和h 7为类h 8，最后计算h 6与h 8的距离为6。
第五步:123452、设有5个环境区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ，各区域环境污染状况由4个指标衡量，即空气、水、土、作物中污染物含量的超限度。
具体各区域污染物超限度数见下表所示:依次对这5个区进行模糊聚类。
解：（1）建立模糊相容关系和模糊等价关系（2）给定聚类水平，对样本进行聚类 ① λ＝0.93时② λ＝0.95时③ λ＝0.98时（3）结合本问题的背景，第二种分类，即分为三类更为合适，其中Ⅰ、Ⅲ为重度污染区域，Ⅱ为较重污染区域，Ⅳ、Ⅴ为轻度污染区域。
⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡==⇒⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=195.0193.093.0189.089.089.0193.093.098.089.01~~195.0183.091.0189.086.082.0188.093.098.081.01~84R R R }{{}ⅡⅤⅣⅢⅠ;,,,1110111101111010001011101~4⇒⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=R }{{}}{ⅤⅣⅡⅢⅠ,;;,1100011000001010001000101~4⇒⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=R }{{}{}{}ⅤⅣⅡⅢⅠ;;;,1000001000001010001000101~4⇒⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡=R第五章：系统仿真1、一家小邮局的经理认为，由于镇上店铺的增多，邮局提供的一个窗口的服务已经不够用了。
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四、计算
1、P.17 第6题（ U 2 = 2o58′ L2 = 191.9mm ） ′ ′ 平面后17.43 mm处，像高-0.7143 mm。） mm。） 2、P.17 第7题（平面后 处 像高在一张报纸上放一平凸透镜，透镜的厚度为９mm。当平面朝上时， 3、在一张报纸上放一平凸透镜，透镜的厚度为９mm。当平面朝上时，报纸 上字的虚象在平面下６mm处 凸面朝上时，字被放大一倍， 上字的虚象在平面下６mm处，凸面朝上时，字被放大一倍，求该透镜的 折射率及球面曲率半径。（ 折射率及球面曲率半径。（ n=1.5 , r= -6 mm ) 一个玻璃球直径为400mm 玻璃折射率为1.5 球中有两个小气泡， 400mm， 1.5， 4、一个玻璃球直径为400mm，玻璃折射率为1.5，球中有两个小气泡，一个 在球心，一个在二分之一半径处。沿两气泡连线方向， 在球心，一个在二分之一半径处。沿两气泡连线方向，在球的两边观察 这两个气泡，它们之间的距离为多少？ 这两个气泡，它们之间的距离为多少？ 从左边观察： 从右边观察： （从左边观察： l AB = 120mm 从右边观察： l AB = 200mm ） ∆ ∆
五、设计与思考
汽车后视镜通常为球面反射镜， 汽车后视镜通常为球面反射镜，请描述这类反射镜 的特点。驾驶时， 的特点。驾驶时，往往驾驶员更希望水平方向范围 更宽，既关注公路轴线附近细节， 更宽，既关注公路轴线附近细节，也需了解远离轴 线的情况，请根据这种需求设计更适用的后视镜。 线的情况，请根据这种需求设计更适用的后视镜。 采用变曲率柱面反射镜） （采用变曲率柱面反射镜）
h1 f '= tgU k ' hk lF ' = tgU k '
l H ' = l F '− f '
课堂练习四（第四章） 课堂练习四（第四章）
一、名词解释： 名词解释： 镜像和一致像，反射棱镜的棱、脊和主截面， 镜像和一致像，反射棱镜的棱、脊和主截面，结构常数 二、简述 反射棱镜的主要作用有哪些？屋脊棱镜有何特殊作用？ 反射棱镜的主要作用有哪些？屋脊棱镜有何特殊作用？
（
f ′ = 64.1mm f = −64.1mm
′ ′ l F = 39.7mm l H = −24.4mm l F = −74.4mm l H = −10.3mm
）
三、思考
1、如图所示，某一镜头由两组共8片透镜组成，请问用什么方法求该 如图所示，某一镜头由两组共8片透镜组成， 镜头的焦距和基点较为方便。 镜头的焦距和基点较为方便。
n' n n'−n 由： − = l' l r
n
F H H’
n’
n’ r f’ = n’ n − 得： nr f =− n’ n −
O -f r f’
C
课堂练习三（第三章） 课堂练习三（第三章）
一、多项选择 C 1、一轴外物点，用牛顿物象公式计算成象情况时，其物距应为＿＿＿＿。 一轴外物点， 牛顿物象公式计算成象情况时，其物距应为＿＿＿＿。 计算成象情况时 该物点到物方焦点的距离； 该物点到物方主点的距离； Ａ.该物点到物方焦点的距离； Ｂ.该物点到物方主点的距离； 第一焦点到该物点在光轴上投影点的距离； Ｃ.第一焦点到该物点在光轴上投影点的距离； 该物点在光轴上的投影点到第二焦点的距离； Ｄ.该物点在光轴上的投影点到第二焦点的距离； 两个相距100mm 焦距分别为100mm 50mm的薄透镜组成的光学系统 100mm， 100mm和 的薄透镜组成的光学系统， ２、两个相距100mm，焦距分别为100mm和50mm的薄透镜组成的光学系统， A 其组合系统的焦距为＿＿＿＿。 其组合系统的焦距为＿＿＿＿。 A. 100mm B. -100mm C. 20mm D. -20mm ABCD 计算多光组基点的方法有＿＿＿＿。 ３、计算多光组基点的方法有＿＿＿＿。 A.双光组两两组合法 B.正切法 C.截距法 C.截距法 D.近轴光线法 D.近轴光线法 A.双光组两两组合法 B.正切法 ABC 透镜的焦距与其＿＿＿＿因素有关。 ＿＿＿＿因素有关 4、透镜的焦距与其＿＿＿＿因素有关。 Ａ.前后面曲率半径和间距 Ｂ.材料折射率 Ｃ.所处介质的折射率 Ｄ.通光孔径
课堂练习二（第三章） 课堂练习二（第三章）
一、名词解释： 名词解释： 焦点和焦距，主平面和主点，光焦度， 焦点和焦距，主平面和主点，光焦度，光学间隔 二、正误判断 )理想光学系统的两主点是共轭的 两焦点不共轭。 理想光学系统的两主点是共轭的， １、( √ )理想光学系统的两主点是共轭的，两焦点不共轭。 )物体经理想光学系统成像后 物体经理想光学系统成像后， ２、( × )物体经理想光学系统成像后，其像相对原物是完善和 相似的。 相似的。 )整体处于空气中时 整体处于空气中时， ３、( × )整体处于空气中时，理想光学系统的两焦距绝对值相 在其它均匀介质中则不一定。 等，在其它均匀介质中则不一定。 )焦距的概念是在理想光学系统理论中引入的 焦距的概念是在理想光学系统理论中引入的， ４、( √ )焦距的概念是在理想光学系统理论中引入的，可在实 际光学系统的近轴区使用。 际光学系统的近轴区使用。 )实际光学系统的近轴区应该是理想光学系统 实际光学系统的近轴区应该是理想光学系统。 ５、( √ )实际光学系统的近轴区应该是理想光学系统。 )光学系统的物方焦距和像方焦距总是符号相反 光学系统的物方焦距和像方焦距总是符号相反。 ６、( × )光学系统的物方焦距和像方焦距总是符号相反。 )使用作图法可以方便地画出光线在实际光学系统中的 7、( × )使用作图法可以方便地画出光线在实际光学系统中的 实际走向。 实际走向。
《工程光学》课堂练习部分参考答案 工程光学》 课堂练习一（第一、二章） 课堂练习一（第一、二章）
一、名词解释： 名词解释：
物空间、像空间，共轴球面系统，近轴成像条件， 物空间、像空间，共轴球面系统，近轴成像条件，垂轴放大率
二、多项选择
1、下列各种情况中，经光学元件能完善成象的有＿A、C＿。 下列各种情况中，经光学元件能完善成象的有＿ Ａ.有限大小的物置于平面镜前 Ｂ.平行光射向球面反射镜 Ｃ.旋转椭球面一焦点处放置一点光源 Ｄ.有限大小的物置于薄透镜前 ２、关于大Ｌ、小ｌ公式组，下列说法中正确的有＿A、C、D＿。 关于大Ｌ、小 公式组，下列说法中正确的有＿ Ｌ、 公式组是严格成立的， 公式组只有在近轴条件下才适用； Ａ.大Ｌ公式组是严格成立的，小ｌ公式组只有在近轴条件下才适用； 公式组是推导小ｌ公式组的中间过程，在光学计算中无实际用途； Ｂ.大Ｌ公式组是推导小ｌ公式组的中间过程，在光学计算中无实际用途； 公式组反映实际光线轨迹情况， 公式组反映理想成象情况； Ｃ.大Ｌ公式组反映实际光线轨迹情况，小ｌ公式组反映理想成象情况； 公式组多用于象差计算和分析， 公式组多用于求理想象情况。 Ｄ.大Ｌ公式组多用于象差计算和分析，小ｌ公式组多用于求理想象情况。 ３、下列各情况中，确切满足近轴成象条件的光线有＿B＿。 下列各情况中，确切满足近轴成象条件的光线有＿ Ａ.有限远轴上物点发出的细光束光线 Ｂ.近轴物点发出的小孔径角光线 Ｃ.无限远轴上物点发出的宽光束光线 Ｄ.宽口径平行光线
A. nr/(n’- n) B. -nr/(n’- n) C. n’r/(n’- n) D. -n’r/(n’- n) 一物点位于球面反射镜前200mm 200mm处 成虚象于镜后600mm 600mm处 7、一物点位于球面反射镜前200mm处，成虚象于镜后600mm处，则该球面的曲率半径 为＿D＿。 A. 600mm B. 300mm C. -300mm D. -600mm
三、正误判断
１、( ×)如果分界面为曲面，则入射光线、反射光线和分界面上入射点处 )如果分界面为曲面，则入射光线、 如果分界面为曲面 的法线三者不在同一平面内。 的法线三者不在同一平面内。 )光线由光密射向光疏媒质且入射角等于临界角时 光线全部反射。 光线由光密射向光疏媒质且入射角等于临界角时， ２、( ×)光线由光密射向光疏媒质且入射角等于临界角时，光线全部反射。 )全反射优于一切镜面反射 全反射优于一切镜面反射。 ３、( √ )全反射优于一切镜面反射。 )实象可以由屏幕 感光乳胶片及光电探测器来接受和记录， 实象可以由屏幕、 ４、( ×)实象可以由屏幕、感光乳胶片及光电探测器来接受和记录，不能 为人眼所观察。 为人眼所观察。 )规定光学系统的左右两边分别为物空间和象空间 规定光学系统的左右两边分别为物空间和象空间。 ５、( ×)规定光学系统的左右两边分别为物空间和象空间。 )光学系统的轴向放大率恒为正值 光学系统的轴向放大率恒为正值。 ６、( ×)光学系统的轴向放大率恒为正值。
４、用大、小Ｌ公式组进行球面系统光路计算时，其截距过渡公式＿B＿。 用大、 公式组进行球面系统光路计算时，其截距过渡公式＿ 在近轴条件下严格成立，非近轴条件下近似成立； Ａ.在近轴条件下严格成立，非近轴条件下近似成立； 在近轴及非近轴条件下均严格成立。 Ｂ.在近轴及非近轴条件下均严格成立。 平行光轴的近轴光线，经半径为r的球面折射，其像象方截距l 6、平行光轴的近轴光线，经半径为r的球面折射，其像象方截距l’为＿C＿。
二、计算
1、P.42-4 已知一薄透镜把物体放大成-3倍投影在屏幕上。当透镜向 P.42- 已知一薄透镜把物体放大成- 倍投影在屏幕上。 物体移近18mm 18mm时 物体将被放大到试求该薄透镜的焦距 焦距。 物体移近18mm时，物体将被放大到-4倍，试求该薄透镜的焦距。 （ f ′ = 216mm ） 长焦距物镜， 2、P.42-7 希望得到一个对无限远物体成像的长焦距物镜，焦距 P.42- 希望得到一个对无限远物体成像的长焦距物镜 )L=700mm， f ′=1200mm，物镜第一面顶点到像面的距离(筒长)L=700mm，系统 =1200mm，物镜第一面顶点到像面的距离(筒长)L=700mm 最后一面到像面距离(工作距)为lk′=400mm，按最简单结构的薄透镜 最后一面到像面距离(工作距) ′=400mm， 考虑，求解系统结构，并画出光路示意图。 考虑，求解系统结构，并画出光路示意图。 （ f1′ = 450mm f 2′ = −240mm ） =100mm， =50mm， 50mm， 3、一系统由三片薄透镜组成，f1′=100mm，f2′=50mm，f3′=-50mm， 一系统由三片薄透镜组成， 焦距和 =10mm， =10mm，求该系统的等效理想系统的焦距 基点参数。 d1=10mm，d2=10mm，求该系统的等效理想系统的焦距和基点参数。