分析化学术语中英文对照
普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese—English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms）原子atom adj.atomic原子核nucleus质子proton中子neutron电子electron（abbr。
e）离子ion ［ˈaɪən]阳离子cation阴离子anion分子molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质element化合物compound纯净物pure substance/chemical substance混合物mixture相对原子质量relative atomic mass(abbr. A r）相对分子质量relative molecular mass(abbr。
M r)化学式量relative formula mass物质的量amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro constant（abbr. N A）摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式empirical formula气体摩尔体积molar volume阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro’s Law溶液solution溶解dissolve浓度concentration质量/体积分数mass/volume concentration浓缩concentrate稀释dilute蒸馏distillation萃取extraction化学反应方程式chemical equation反应物reactant生成物product固体solid液体liquid气体gaseous溶液aqueous配平balance化学计量学stoichiometry酸acid碱base/alkali （refers to soluble bases）盐salt酸式盐acid salt离子方程式ionic equation结晶水water of crystallisation水合的hydrated无水的anhydrous滴定titration指示剂indicator氧化数oxidation number氧化还原反应redox reaction氧化反应oxidation reaction还原反应reduction reaction歧化反应disproportionation reaction归中反应comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂oxidising agent还原剂reducing agent电子层(壳）(electron) shell电离能ionisation energy（abbr. I.E。
普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms 撰写者史政一 written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子 atom adj.atomic原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical substance混合物 mixture)相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. Ar相对分子质量 relative molecular mass(abbr. M)r化学式量 relative formula mass物质的量 amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant(abbr. N)A摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula气体摩尔体积 molar volume阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction归中反应 comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. I.E.)第一，第二，第三等电离能 first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. I.E.)电子亲和能 electron affinity energy(abbr. A.E.)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level电子排布 electron configuration电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键 polar bond非极性共价键 non-polar bond配位键 dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力 orientation force/dipole-dipole force金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性 malleability可锻性 ductility导电性 electrical conductivity合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table周期 period族 group原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide同量异位素 isobar金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应 displacement reaction复分解反应 salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃 alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象 isomerism['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer取代反应 substitution reaction脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction酯化反应 esterification reaction亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction裂化反应 cracking (reaction)石油分馏 fractional distillation燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓 standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ) 标准生成焓 standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ) 放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式 thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation)活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea比热容 specific heat capacity键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy盖斯定律 Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学 reaction kinetics催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis酶 enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂 concentration power平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程 the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium电离常数 ionisation constant离子积 ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数 hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡 dissolution equilibrium溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势 standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池 secondary cell/storage battery充电 charge放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀 galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙 xenon(abbr.Xe) ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨 graphite ['græfait]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid) adj.borate碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic (acid) adj.carbonate碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid) adj.nitrate亚硝酸 nitrous (acid) adj.nitrite氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide过氧根 peroxy (radical) adj.peroxide [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical) adj.hydroxide水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸 meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid) adj.meta-aluminate 四羟基合铝酸 hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid) adj.silicate磷酸 phosphoric (acid) adj.phosphate磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate硫化的 sulfide硫氢根 bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide硫酸 sulphuric (acid) adj.sulphate硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid) adj.sulphite亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θaiəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-']氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid) adj.perchlorate氯酸 chloric (acid) adj.chlorate亚氯酸 chlorous (acid) adj.chlorite次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid) adj.hypochlorite溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠 sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride 氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly-烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃 cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃 cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) adj.carboxylate (suffix -oic acid) 羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺 amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- andamido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸 sulphonic (acid) adj.sulphonate (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙 poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon(abbr.PTF)晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid adj.oxalate丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid adj.gluconate氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose乳糖 lactose淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油/丙三醇 glycerol/glycerine/glycerin叔丁醇 tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯 trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘 naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素 urea/carbamide胡萝卜素 carotene叶绿素 chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸 aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛 paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephedrin e/norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素 salbutamol伪麻黄碱 pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏 chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因 caffeine维生素A/视黄醇 retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸 vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡 morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明 methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱 cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因 heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计 thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平 counterbalance试管 test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯 beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶 flask蒸馏烧瓶 distillation flask锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗 funnel广口瓶 wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙 combustion spoon蒸发皿 evaporating dish酒精灯 alcohol burner本生灯 Bunsen burner量筒 graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder集气瓶 gas bottle滴管 burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶 dropper bottle曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网 asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle注：本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语，读音均以英式发音标注。
分析化学中常用中英文对照表
第一章绪论分析化学:analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析:physical analysis物理化学分析:physico—chemical analysis仪器分析法:instrumental analysis流动注射分析法:flow injection analysis；FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error相对误差:relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差:accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度:accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation相对平均偏差：relative average debiation标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差:relatibe standard deviation；RSD变异系数:coefficient of variation误差传递:propagation of error有效数字:significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平:level of significance合并标准偏差(组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡:charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂:mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法:nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂:basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应:differentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: α—naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红:quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝:bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法:compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸:ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid，EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂:metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：oxidation—reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ］溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法:potassium permanganate method条件电位:conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸:metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应:nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method 第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法:precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：volatilization method引湿水(湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水:water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水:water of composition液-液萃取法:liquid—liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比:distribution ratio离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms《分析化学》下册仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electtogravimetry库仑法：coulometry库仑滴定法：coulometric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池:galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极:cathrode正极：anode电池电动势:eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极:primary reference electrode饱和甘汞电极:standard calomel electrode银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode液接界面:liquid junction boundary不对称电位:asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极:combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极：crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极:heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极:non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂:total ion strength adjustment buffer，TISAB 永停滴定法：dead—stop titration双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法)：double amperometric titration第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数:Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外－可见分光光度法紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry；UV—vis 肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团:auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝（紫)移：blue shift增色效应（浓色效应）:hyperchromic effect减色效应（淡色效应)：hypochromic effect强带:strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度:absorbance谱带宽度:band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声:dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅:holographic graaing光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ，PLS褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform，CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform，WT多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group第十三章荧光分析法荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX—射线荧光分析法：X—ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法:atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫:vibrational relexation内转换:internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越:intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率:fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering light瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光:Raman scattering light第十四章红外分光光度法红外线：infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱：mid—infrared absorption spectrum，Mid-IR远红外光谱：Far-IR微波谱：microwave spectrum，MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振动形式:mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动:symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动：bending vibration变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动：in—plane bending vibration，β剪式振动：scissoring vibration,δ面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration，ρ面外弯曲振动:out-of—plane bending vibration，γ面外摇摆振动：wagging vibration,ω蜷曲振动：twisting vibration ,τ对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band特征频率:characteristic frequency相关吸收峰:correlation absorption band杂化影响：hybridization affect环大小效应:ring size effect吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry，AES 原子荧光分光光度法:atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS第十六章核磁共振波谱法核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法:NMR spectroscopy扫场：swept field扫频:seept frequency连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR，CW NMR Fourier变换NMR：PFT—NMR，FT—NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D—NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR 氢谱：1H-NMR碳－13核磁共振谱：13C—NMR spectrum，13CNMR自旋角动量：spin angular momentum磁旋比:magnetogyric ratio磁量子数：magnetic quantum number，m进动：precession弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽:local diamagnetic shielding屏蔽常数：shielding constant化学位移：chemical shift国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC磁各向异性:magnetic anisotropy远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect结面:nodal plane自旋－自旋偶合:spin—spin coupling自旋－自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting单峰：singlet,s双峰:doublet,d三重峰：triplet，t四重峰:quartet五重峰:quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminal coupling邻偶:vicinal coupling远程偶合：long range coupling磁等价：magnetic eqivalence自旋系统：spin system一级光谱：first order spectrum二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrumC-H光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy，C-H COSY第十七章质谱法质谱分析法：mass spectrometry质谱：mass spectrum,MS棒图：bar graph选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口:interface气相色谱－质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry，GC-MS高效液相色谱－质谱联用：high performance liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry，HPLC-MS电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI离子峰：quasi-molecular ions化学离子源:chemical ionization source,CI场电离:field ionization，FI场解析:field desorptiion,FD快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB质量分析器:mass analyzer磁质谱仪：magnetic—sector mass spectrometer四极杆质谱仪(四极质谱仪）:quadrupole mass spectrometer原子质量单位:amu离子丰度：ion abundance相对丰度（相对强度)：relative avundance基峰:base peak质量范围:mass range分辨率：resolution灵敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子离子：molecular ion碎片离子：fragment ion同位素离子：isotopic ion亚稳离子：metastable ion亚稳峰：metastable peak母离子：paren ion子离子:daughter含奇数个电子的离子:odd electron含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE均裂：homolytic cleavage异裂（非均裂)：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MWα－裂解：α-cleavage第十八章色谱分析法概论色谱法（层析法）：chromatography固定相：stationary phase流动相：mobile phase超临界流体色谱法:SFC高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC气相色谱法：gas chromatography，GC液相色谱法：liquid cromatography，LC超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC 气—固色谱法:GSC气—液色谱法：GLC液-固色谱法：LSC液-液色谱法：LLC柱色谱法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column毛细管柱：capillary column微填充柱：icrobore packed column高效液相色谱法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法：planar平板色谱法：plane chromatography纸色谱法：paper chromatography薄层色谱法:thin layer chromatography，TLC薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色谱法：partition chromatography吸附色谱法：adsorpion chromaography离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography分配系数：distribution cofficient狭义分配系数：partition coefficient凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography，GPC凝胶过滤色谱法:gel filtration chromatography,GFC渗透系数：permeation coefficien；Kp化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded—phase chromatography 分配系数:distribution coefficient靛菁绿：indocyanine气相色谱－傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC—FTIR第十九章经典液相色谱法薄层色谱法:TLC吸附：adsorption活化：activation脱活性：deactivation交联度:degree of cross linking交换容量：exchange capacity薄层板：thin layer plate展开剂：developing solvent ,developer临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ，CMC相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr分离度:resolution ，R分离数：separation number,SN煅石膏：Gypsum羧甲基纤维素钠:CMC-Na吸收光谱联用：TLC—UV薄层色谱－荧光联用:TLC—F薄层色谱－红外吸收光谱联用：TLC—IR薄层色谱法：TLC—MS纸色谱法：paper chromatography上行展开：ascending development下行法展开：descending development双向展开:two dimensional develoooment第二十章气相色谱法气相色谱法：gas chromatography前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak对称因子：symmetry factor，fs保留时间：retention time保留体积：retention volume死时间：dead time调整保留时间：asjusted retention time半峰宽：peak width at half height，W1/2 or Y1/2峰宽：peak width，W等温线：isotherm理论塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate化学键合相:chemically bonded phase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate，PDEGS,DEGS 高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛细管柱:wall coated open tubular column,WCOT载体涂层毛细管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector，TCD氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID电子捕获检测器:electron capture detector ，ECD噪声：noise，N漂移:drift,d灵敏度：sensitivity检测限(敏感度）:detectability，D，M分离度：resolution归一化法：normalization method外标法：external standardization第二十一章高效液相色谱法高效液相色谱法:high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC高速液相色谱法：high speed LC,HSLC高压液相色谱法：high pressure LC,HPLC高分辨液相色谱法：high resolution LC,HRLC液固吸附色谱法（液固色谱法）：liquid—solid adsorption chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法：liquid—liquid chromatography，LLC正相：normal phase，NP反相：reversed phase，RP化学键合相色谱法:bonded phase chromatography,BPC十八烷基:octadecylselyl，ODS离子对色谱法：paired ion chromatography，PIC反相离子对色谱法：RPIC离子抑制色谱法：ion suppression chromatography，ISC离子色谱法:ion chromatography，IC手性色谱法：chiral chromatography,CC环糊精色谱法：cyclodextrin chromatography，CDC胶束色谱法：micellar chromatography,MC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography，AC固定相：stationary phase化学键合相：chemically bonde phase封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP恒组成溶剂洗脱：isocraic elution梯度洗脱：gradient elution紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD荧光检测器:fluorophotomeric detector,FD电化学检测器:ECD示差折光检测器：RID光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ，DAD三维光谱－波谱图:3D—spectrochromatogram蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD安培检测器:ampere detector，AD高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electrophoresis，HPCE淌度：mobility电泳：electrophoresis电渗：electroosmosis动力进样：hydrodynamic injection电动进样：electrokinetic injection毛细管区带电泳法：capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE胶束电动毛细管色谱：micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC 毛细管凝胶电泳:capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE筛分:sieving。
分析化学实验名词术语汉英对照
常用分析化学实验名词术语汉英对照绝对误差absolute error 吸光度absorbance(A)吸收曲线absorptioncurve 吸收峰absorption peak吸收系数absorptivity; absorption coefficient偶然误差accident error 准确度accuracy酸碱滴定acid-base titration 酸效应系数acidic effective coefficient酸效应曲线acidic effective curve 酸度常数acidity constant活度activity 活度系数activity coefficient吸附剂adsorbent 吸附adsorption吸附指示剂adsorptionindicator 亲和力affinity陈化aging 无定形沉淀amorphous precipitate两性溶剂amphiprotic solvent 两性物质amphoteric substance放大反应amplificationreaction 分析天平analytical balance分析化学analytical chemistry 分析浓度analytical concentration分析试剂analytical reagent(AR) 表观形成常数apparent formation constant 水相aqueous phase 仲裁分析arbitration analysis银量法argentimetry 灰化ashing原子光谱atomic spectrum 质子自递常数autoprotolysis constant 助色团auxochrome group 反萃取back extraction带状光谱band spectrum 带宽bandwidth红移bathochromic shift 烧杯beaker空白blank 指示剂的封闭blocking of indicator溴量法bromometry 缓冲容量buffer capacity缓冲溶液buffer solution 滴定管夹burette holder滴定管架burette support 滴定管burette钙指示剂calconcarboxylic acid 校准曲线calibrated curve校准calibration 催化反应catalyzed reaction铈量法ceriometry 电荷平衡charge balance螯合物chelate 螯合物萃取chelate extraction化学分析chemical analysis 化学因数chemical factor化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand 化学纯chemical pure色谱法chromatography 发色团chromophoric group变异系数coefficient of variation 显色剂color reagent颜色转变点color transitionpoint 比色计colorimeter比色法colorimetry 柱色谱column chromatography 互补色complementary light 络合物complex络合反应complexation 络合滴定法complexometry, complexometric titration 氨羧络合剂complexone 浓度常数concentration constant条件萃取常数conditional extraction constant 条件形成常数conditional formation constant 条件电位conditional potential 条件溶度积conditional solubility product 置信区间confidence interval 置信水平confidence level共轭酸碱对conjugate acid-base pair 恒重constant weight沾污contamination 连续萃取continuous extraction连续光谱continuous spectrum 共沉淀coprecipitation校正correction 相关系数correlation coefficient坩埚crucible 晶形沉淀crystalline precipitate累积常数cumulative constant 凝乳状沉淀curdy precipitate自由度degree of freedom 解蔽demasking导数光谱derivative spectrum 干燥剂desiccant; drying agent保干器desiccator 可测误差determinate error氘灯deuterium lamp 偏差deviation平均偏差deviation average 二元酸dibasic acid二氯荧光黄dichlorofluorescein 重铬酸钾法dichromate titration介电常数dielectric constant 示差光度法differential spectrophotometry 区分效应differentiating effect 直读天平direct reading balance色散dispersion 解离常数dissociation constant蒸馏distillation 分配系数distribution coefficient分布图distribution diagram 分配比distribution ratio双光束分光光度计double beam spectrophotometer 双盘天平dual-pan balance双波长分光光度法dual-wavelength spectrophotometry电子天平electronic balance 电泳electrophoresis淋洗剂eluant 终点end point终点误差end point error 富集enrichment曙红eosin 平衡浓度equilibrium concentration等摩尔系列法equi molar series method 铬黑T eriochrome black T(EBT)锥形瓶erlenmeyer flask; conical flask 误差error乙二胺四乙酸ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)蒸发皿evaporating dish 交换容量exchange capacity交联度extent of crosslinking 萃取常数extraction constant萃取率extraction rate 萃取光度法extraction spectrophotometric method 法扬司法Fajans method 邻二氮菲亚铁离子ferroin漏斗filler 滤光片filter滤纸filter paper 过滤filtration熔剂flux 荧光黄fluorescein形成常数formation constant 分步沉淀fractional precipitation频率frequency 频率密度frequency density频率分布frequency distribution 熔融fusion气相色谱gas chromatography(GC) 玻璃比色皿glass cell玻璃棒glass rod 光栅grating重量因数gravimetric factor 重量分析gravimetry保证试剂guarantee reagent(GR)高效液相色谱high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)均相沉淀homogeneous precipitation 电热板hot plate氢灯hydrogen lamp 紫移hypochromic shift灼烧ignition 指示剂indicator诱导反应induced reaction 惰性溶剂inert solvent不稳定常数instability constant 仪器分析instrumental analysis国际标准化组织International Standardization Organization(ISO)国际纯粹与应用化学联合会International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC) 固有酸度intrinsic acidity 固有碱度intrinsic basicity固有溶解度intrinsic solubility 碘滴定法iodimetry碘钨灯iodine-tungsten lamp 滴定碘法iodometry离子缔合物萃取ion association extraction 离子色谱ion chromatography(IC)离子交换ion exchange 离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子强度ionic strength 等吸光点isoabsorptive point卡尔·费歇尔法Karl Fischer titration 凯氏定氮法Kjel dahl determination 朗伯-比尔定律Lambert-Beer law 拉平效应leveling effect配位体ligand 光源light source线状光谱line spectrum 线性回归linear regression液相色谱liquid chromatography(LC) 常量分析macro-analysis掩蔽masking 掩蔽指数masking index质量平衡mass balance 物料平衡material balance最大吸收maximum absorption 平均值mean,average测量值measured value 量筒measuring cylinder中位数median 汞量法mercurimetry汞灯mercury lamp [筛]目mesh金属指示剂metallochromic indicator 甲基橙methyl orange(MO)甲基红methyl red(MR) 微量分析micro-analysis混晶mixed crystal 混合指示剂mixed indicator流动相mobile phase 莫尔法Mohr method摩尔吸光系数molar absorptivity 摩尔比法mole ratio method分子光谱molecular spectrum 一元酸monoacid单色光monochromatic light 单色器monochromator马弗炉muffle furnace 中性溶剂neutral solvent中和neutralization 非水滴定non-aqueous titration正态分布normal distribution 包藏oculusion有机相organic phase 指示剂的僵化ossification of indicator离群值outlier 烘箱oven纸色谱paper chromatography(PC) 平行测定parallel determination光程path length; light path 高锰酸钾法permanganate titrationpH玻璃电极pH glass electrode 相比phase ratio酚酞phenol phthalein(PP) 光电池photo cell光电比色计hotoelectric colorimeter 光电倍增管photomultiplier光电管phototube 吸量管pipet(te); measuring pipet移液管pipette 极性溶剂polar solvent淀帚policeman 多元酸polyprotic acid总体population 后沉淀post precipitation沉淀剂precipitant 沉淀形precipitationform沉淀滴定法precipitationtitration 精密度precision预富集pre-concentration 基准物质primary standard substance棱镜prism 概率probability质子proton 质子条件proton condition质子化protonation 质子化常数protonation constant纯度purity1-(2-吡啶偶氮)-2-萘酚1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol(PAN) 定性分析qualitative analysis 定量分析quantitative analysis四分法quartering 随机误差random error全距(极差) range 试剂空白reagent blank试剂瓶reagent bottle 自动记录式分光光度计recording spectrophotometer回收率recovery 氧化还原指示剂redox indicator氧化还原滴定redox titration 参考水平reference level标准物质reference material(RM) 参比溶液reference solution相对误差relative error 分辨力resolution比移值R f value 游码rider常规分析routine analysis 式样,样品sample取样sampling 自身指示剂self-indicator半微量分析semi-microanalysis 分离separation分离因数separation factor 副反应系数side reation coefficient显著性检验significance test 有效数字significant figure多组分同时测定simultaneous determination of multicomponents单光束分光光度计single beam spectrophotometer单盘天平single-pan balance 狭缝slit二苯胺磺酸钠sodiumdiphenyl amine sulfonate 溶度积solubility product溶剂萃取solventextraction 型体(物种) species比消光系数specific extinction coefficient 光谱分析spectral analysis分光光度计spectrophotometer 分光光度法spectrophotometry稳定常数stability constant 标准曲线standard curve标准偏差standard deviation 标准电位standard potential标准系列法standard series method 标准溶液standard solution标定standardization 淀粉starch固定相stationary phase 蒸汽浴steam bath逐级稳定常数stepwise stability constant 分步滴定stepwise titration化学计量点stoichiometric point 结构分析structure analysis表面活性剂surfactant, surface active agent 过饱和supersaturation系统误差systematic error 试液test solution热力学常数thermodynamic constant 薄层色谱thin layer chromatography(TLC) 百里酚酞thymolphthalein(THPP) 被滴物titrand滴定剂titrant 滴定titration滴定常数titration constant 滴定曲线titration curve滴定误差titration error 滴定分数titration fraction滴定指数titration index 滴定突跃titration jump滴定分析titrimetry 痕量分析trace analysis变色间隔transition interval 透色比transmittance三元酸triacid 真值true value钨灯tungsten lamp 超痕量分析ultratrace analysis裁判分析umpire analysis 紫外/可见分光广度法UV/VIS spectrophotometry挥发volatilization 佛尔哈德法V olhard method 容量瓶volumetric flask 容量分析volumetry洗瓶wash bottle 洗液washings水浴water bath 称量瓶weighing bottle 称量形weighing form 砝码weights工作曲线working curve 二甲酚橙xylenol orange(XO) 零水平zerol evel。
《分析化学》中常见词汇的中英对照
第一章绪论分析化学：analytical chemistry 定性分析：qualitative analysis 定量分析：quantitative analysis 物理分析：physical analysis 物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis 仪器分析法：instrumental analysis 流动注射分析法：flow injectionanalysis ；FIA 顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA 化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error 相对误差：relative error 系统误差：systematic error 可定误差：determinate error 随机误差：accidental error 不可定误差：indeterminate error 准确度：accuracy 精确度：precision 偏差：debiation ，d 平均偏差：average debiation 相对平均偏差：relative average debiation 标准偏差（标准差）：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差（组合标准差）：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：titrametric analysis 滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis 化学计量点：stoichiometric point 等当点：equivalent point 电荷平衡：charge balance 电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance 物料平衡：material balance 质量平衡式：mass balance equation 第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations 质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation 酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator 指示剂常数：indicator constant 变色范围：colour change interval 混合指示剂：mixed indicator 双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration 第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations 质子溶剂：protonic solvent 酸性溶剂：acid solvent 碱性溶剂：basic solvent 两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent 无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent 均化效应：differentiating effect 区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent 离子化：ionization 离解：dissociation 结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇：a -naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered 百里酚蓝：thymol blue 偶氮紫：azo violet 溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry 乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound 金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration 碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ] 溴量法：bromine method 铈量法：cerimetry 高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method 条件电位：conditional potential 溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method 硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method 偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid 高碘酸盐：periodate 亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method 重氮化反应：diazotization reaction 重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration 亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction 亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration 外指示剂：external indicator 外指示剂：outside indicator 重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration 容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetric analysis 挥发法：volatilization method 引湿水（湿存水）：water of hydroscopicity 包埋（藏）水：occluded water 吸入水：water of imbibition 结晶水：water of crystallization 组成水：water of composition 液- 液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration 反萃取：counter extraction 分配系数：partition coefficient 分配比：distribution ratio 离子对（离子缔合物）：ion pair 沉淀形式：precipitation forms 称量形式：weighing forms《分析化学》下册仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis 物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis 仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis 电解法：electrolytic analysis method 电重量法：electtogravimetry 库仑法：coulometry 库仑滴定法：coulometric titration 电导法：conductometry 电导分析法：conductometric analysis 电导滴定法：conductometric titration 电位法：potentiometry 直接电位法：dirext potentiometry 电位滴定法：potentiometric titration 伏安法：voltammetry 极谱法：polarography 溶出法：stripping method 电流滴定法：amperometric titration 化学双电层：chemical double layer 相界电位：phase boundary potential 金属电极电位：electrode potential 化学电池：chemical cell 液接界面：liquid junction boundary 原电池：galvanic cell 电解池：electrolytic cell 负极：cathrode 正极：anode 电池电动势：eletromotive force 指示电极：indicator electrode 参比电极：reference electroade 标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode 一级参比电极：primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode 银－氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode 液接界面：liquid junction boundary 不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH 复合PH 电极：combination PHelectrode 离子选择电极：ion selective electrode 敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes 均相膜电极：homogeneous membranceelectrodes 非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes 非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes 刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode 流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier 气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes 酶电极：enzyme electrodes 金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET 离子选择场效应管：ISFET 总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法：dead-stop titration 双电流滴定法（双安培滴定法）：double amperometric titration第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数：Plank constant 电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum 光谱：spectrum 光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis 原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy 质量谱：mass spectrum 质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外－可见分光光度法紫外－可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak 末端吸收：end absorbtion 生色团：chromophore 助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift 长移：bathochromic shift 短移：hypsochromic shift 蓝（紫）移：blue shift 增色效应（浓色效应）：hyperchromic effect 减色效应（淡色效应）：hypochromic effect 强带：strong band 弱带：weak band 吸收带：absorption band 透光率：transmitance,T 吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width 杂散光：stray light 噪声：noise 暗噪声：dark noise 散粒噪声：signal shot noise 闪耀光栅：blazed grating 全息光栅：holographic graaing 光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry 褶合变换：convolution transform,CT 离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT 多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis 供电子取代基：electron donating group 吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group第十三章荧光分析法荧光：fluorescence 荧光分析法：fluorometryX- 射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry 原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry 分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry 振动弛豫：vibrational relexation 内转换：internal conversion 外转换：external conversion 体系间跨越：intersystem crossing 激发光谱：excitation spectrum 荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum 斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift 荧光寿命：fluorescence life time 荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency 荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield 荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method 散射光：scattering light 瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light 拉曼光：Ramanscattering light 第十四章红外分光光度法红外线：infrared ray,IR 中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱：Far-IR 微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy 红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry 振动形式：mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动：symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration 弯曲振动：bending vibration 变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-pla ne ben di ng vibratio n, 3剪式振动：scissori ng vibratio n, S面内摇摆振动：面外弯曲振动：面外摇摆振动：rock ing vibrati on, pout-of-plane bending vibration, 丫wagging vibration, 3蜷曲振动：twisting vibration , T对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration , S s不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, S as 特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band特征频率：characteristic frequency相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band杂化影响：hybridization affect环大小效应：ring size effect吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS第十六章核磁共振波谱法核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR 核磁共振波谱：NMRspectrum 核磁共振波谱法：NMRspectroscopy扫场：swept field扫频：seept frequency连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CWNMRFourier 变换NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氢谱：1H-NMR 碳－13 核磁共振谱：13C-NMRspectrum,13CNMR自旋角动量：spin angular momentum 磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio 磁量子数：magnetic quantum number,m 进动：precession 弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism 局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding 屏蔽常数：shielding constant 化学位移：chemical shift 国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC 磁各向异性：magnetic anisotropy 远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect 结面：nodal plane 自旋－自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling 自旋－自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting单峰：singlet,s双峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminal coupling邻偶：vicinal coupling远程偶合：long range coupling磁等价：magnetic eqivalence自旋系统：spin system一级光谱：first order spectrum 二级光谱（二级图谱）：second order spectrumC-H 光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY第十七章质谱法质谱分析法：mass spectrometry质谱：massspectrum,MS棒图：bar graph选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface气相色谱－质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS 高效液相色谱－质谱high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS联用电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI离子峰：quasi-molecular ions化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI场电离：field ionization,FI场解析：field desorptiion,FD 快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB质量分析器：mass analyzer 磁质谱仪：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer 四极杆质谱仪（四极质谱仪）：quadrupole mass spectrometer 原子质量单位:amu 离子丰度：ion abundance相对丰度（相对强度）：relative avundance 基峰：base peak 质量范围：mass range 分辨率：resolution 灵敏度：sensitivity 信噪比：S/N 分子离子：molecular ion 碎片离子：fragment ion 同位素离子：isotopic ion 亚稳离子：metastable ion 亚稳峰：metastable peak 母离子：paren ion 子离子：daughter 含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron 含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE 均裂：homolytic cleavage 异裂（非均裂）：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage 重排：rearragement 分子量：MWa—裂解：a -cleavage第十八章色谱分析法概论色谱法（层析法）：chromatography 固定相：stationary phase 流动相：mobile phase 超临界流体色谱法：SFC 高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC 液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC 超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC 气- 固色谱法：GSC 气- 液色谱法：GLC 液- 固色谱法：LSC 液- 液色谱法：LLC柱色谱法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column 毛细管柱：capillary column 微填充柱：icrobore packed column 高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC 平板色谱法：planar 平板色谱法：plane chromatography 纸色谱法：paper chromatography 薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC 薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography 毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE 分配色谱法：partition chromatography 吸附色谱法：adsorpion chromaography 离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC 空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC 亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography 分配系数：distribution cofficient 狭义分配系数：partition coefficient 凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography 凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC 凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC 渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp 化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient 靛菁绿：indocyanine 气相色谱－傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR第十九章经典液相色谱法薄层色谱法：TLC 吸附：adsorption 活化：activation 脱活性：deactivation 交联度：degree of cross linking 交换容量：exchange capacity 薄层板：thin layer plate 展开剂：developing solvent ,developer 临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ,CMC 相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr 分离度：resolution ,R 分离数：separation number,SN煅石膏：Gypsum 羧甲基纤维素钠：CMC-Na 吸收光谱联用：TLC-UV 薄层色谱－荧光联用：TLC-F。
化学常用词汇汉英对照表
化学常用词汇汉英对照表Actinium(Ac) 锕Aluminium(Al) 铝Americium(Am) 镅Antimony(Sb) 锑Argon(Ar) 氩Arsenic(As) 砷Astatine(At) 砹Barium(Ba) 钡Berkelium(Bk) 锫Beryllium(Be) 铍Bismuth(Bi) 铋Boron(B) 硼Bromine(Br) 溴Cadmium(Cd) 镉Caesium(Cs) 铯Calcium(Ca) 钙Californium(Cf) 锎Carbon(C) 碳Cerium(Ce) 铈Chlorine(Cl) 氯Chromium(Cr) 铬Cobalt(Co) 钴Copper(Cu) 铜Curium(Cm) 锔Dysprosium(Dy) 镝Einsteinium(Es) 锿Erbium(Er) 铒Europium(Eu) 铕Fermium(Fm) 镄Fluorine(F) 氟Francium(Fr) 钫Gadolinium(Gd) 钆Gallium(Ga) 镓Germanium(Ge) 锗Gold(Au) 金Hafnium(Hf) 铪Helium(He) 氦Holmium(Ho) 钬Hydrogen(H) 氢Indium(In) 铟Iodine(I) 碘Iridium(Ir) 铱Tantalum(Ta) 钽Technetium(Tc) 锝Tellurium(Te) 碲Terbium(Tb) 铽Thallium(Tl) 铊Thorium(Th) 钍Tin(Sn) 锡Thulium(Tm) 铥Titanium(Ti) 钛Tungsten(W) 钨Uranium(U) 铀Vanadium(V) 钒Xenon(Xe) 氙Ytterbium(Yb) 镱Yttrium(Y) 钇Zinc(Zn) 锌Zirconium(Zr) 锆氨ammonia氨基酸amino acid铵盐ammonium salt饱和链烃saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon苯benzene变性denaturation不饱和烃unsaturated hydrocarbon超导材料superconductive material臭氧ozone醇alcohol次氯酸钾potassium hypochlorite醋酸钠sodium acetate蛋白质protein氮族元素nitrogen group element碘化钾potassium iodide碘化钠sodium iodide电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion电解质electrolyte电离平衡ionization equilibrium电子云electron cloud淀粉starch淀粉碘化钾试纸starch potassium iodide paper 二氧化氮nitrogen dioxide二氧化硅silicon dioxide二氧化硫sulphur dioxideIron(Fe) 铁Krypton(Kr) 氪Lanthanum(La) 镧Lawrencium(Lr) 铹Lead(Pb) 铅Lithium(Li) 锂Lutetium(Lu) 镥Magnesium(Mg) 镁Manganese(Mn) 锰Mendelevium(Md) 钔Mercury(Hg) 汞Molybdenum(Mo) 钼Neodymium(Nd) 钕Neon(Ne) 氖Neptunium(Np) 镎Nickel(Ni) 镍Niobium(Nb) 铌Nitrogen(N) 氮Nobelium(No) 锘Osmium(Os) 锇Oxygen(O) 氧Palladium(Pd) 钯Phosphorus(P) 磷Platinum(Pt) 铂Plutonium(Pu) 钚Polonium(Po) 钋Potassium(K) 钾Praseodymium(Pr) 镨Promethium(Pm) 钷Protactinium(Pa) 镤Radium(Ra) 镭Radon(Rn) 氡Rhenium(Re) 铼Rhodium(Rh) 铑Rubidium(Rb) 铷Ruthenium(Ru) 钌Samarium(Sm) 钐Scandium(Sc) 钪Selenium(Se) 硒Silicon(Si) 硅Silver(Ag) 银Sodium(Na) 钠Strontium(Sr) 锶Sulphur(S) 锍acetate 醋酸盐二氧化锰manganese dioxide芳香烃arene放热反应exothermic reaction非极性分子non-polar molecule非极性键non-polar bond肥皂soap分馏fractional distillation酚phenol复合材料composite干电池dry cell干馏dry distillation甘油glycerol高分子化合物polymer共价键covalent bond官能团functional group光化学烟雾photochemical fog过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide合成材料synthetic material合成纤维synthetic fiber合成橡胶synthetic rubber核电荷数nuclear charge number核素nuclide化学电源chemical power source化学反应速率chemical reaction rate 化学键chemical bond化学平衡chemical equilibrium还原剂reducing agent磺化反应sulfonation reaction霍尔槽Hull Cell极性分子polar molecule极性键polar bond加成反应addition reaction加聚反应addition polymerization甲烷methane碱金属alkali metal碱石灰soda lime结构式structural formula聚合反应po1ymerization可逆反应reversible reaction空气污染指数air pollution index勒夏特列原理Le Chatelier's principle 离子反应ionic reaction离子方程式ionic equation离子键ionic bondmethane 甲烷,沼气butane 丁烷salt 盐potassium carbonate 碳酸钾soda 苏打sodium carbonate 碳酸钠caustic potash 苛性钾caustic soda 苛性钠ester 酯gel 凝胶体analysis 分解fractionation 分馏endothermic reaction 吸热反应exothermic reaction 放热反应precipitation 沉淀to precipitate 沉淀to distil, to distill 蒸馏distillation 蒸馏to calcine 煅烧to oxidize 氧化alkalinization 碱化to oxygenate, to oxidize 脱氧,氧化to neutralize 中和to hydrogenate 氢化to hydrate 水合,水化to dehydrate 脱水fermentation 发酵solution 溶解combustion 燃烧fusion, melting 熔解alkalinity 碱性isomerism, isomery 同分异物现象hydrolysis 水解electrolysis 电解electrode 电极anode 阳极,正极cathode 阴极,负极catalyst 催化剂catalysis 催化作用oxidization, oxidation 氧化reducer 还原剂dissolution 分解synthesis 合成reversible 可逆的锂电池lithium cell两性氢氧化物amphoteric hydroxide两性氧化物amphoteric oxide裂化cracking裂解pyrolysis硫氰化钾potassium thiocyanate硫酸钠sodium sulphide氯化铵ammonium chloride氯化钡barium chloride氯化钾potassium chloride氯化铝aluminium chloride氯化镁magnesium chloride氯化氢hydrogen chloride氯化铁iron (III) chloride氯水chlorine water麦芽糖maltose煤coal酶enzyme摩尔mole摩尔质量molar mass品红magenta或fuchsine葡萄糖glucose气体摩尔体积molar volume of gas铅蓄电池lead storage battery强电解质strong electrolyte氢氟酸hydrogen chloride氢氧化铝aluminium hydroxide取代反应substitution reaction醛aldehyde炔烃alkyne燃料电池fuel cell弱电解质weak electrolyte石油Petroleum水解反应hydrolysis reaction四氯化碳carbon tetrachloride塑料plastic塑料的降解plastic degradation塑料的老化plastic ageing酸碱中和滴定acid-base neutralization titration 酸雨acid rain羧酸carboxylic acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate碳酸氢铵ammonium bicarbonate碳酸氢钠sodium bicarbonateelectrolyte 电解质ion 离子anion 阴离子cation 阳离子electron 电子isotope 同位素isomer 同分异物现象polymer 聚合物symbol 复合radical 基structural formula 分子式valence, valency 价monovalent 单价bivalent 二价halogen 成盐元素bond 原子的聚合mixture 混合combination 合成作用compound 合成物alloy 合金organic chemistry 有机化学inorganic chemistry 无机化学derivative 衍生物series 系列acid 酸hydrochloric acid 盐酸sulphuric acid 硫酸nitric acid 硝酸aqua fortis 王水fatty acid 脂肪酸organic acid 有机酸hydrosulphuric acid 氢硫酸hydrogen sulfide 氢化硫alkali 碱,强碱ammonia 氨base 碱hydrate 水合物hydroxide 氢氧化物,羟化物hydracid 氢酸hydrocarbon 碳氢化合物,羟anhydride 酐alkaloid 生物碱aldehyde 醛oxide 氧化物phosphate 磷酸盐糖类carbohydrate烃hydrocarbon烃的衍生物derivative of hydrocarbon烃基hydrocarbonyl同分异构体isomer同素异形体allotrope同位素isotope同系物homo1og涂料coating烷烃alkane物质的量amount of substance物质的量浓度amount-of-substance concentration of B烯烃alkene洗涤剂detergent纤维素cellulose相对分子质量relative molecular mass相对原子质量relative atomic mass消去反应elimination reaction硝化反应nitratlon reaction硝酸钡barium nitrate硝酸银silver nitrate溴的四氯化碳溶液solution of bromine in carbon tetrachloride溴化钠sodium bromide溴水bromine water溴水bromine water盐类的水解hydrolysis of salts盐析salting-out焰色反应flame test氧化剂oxidizing agent氧化铝aluminium oxide氧化铁iron (III) oxide乙醇ethanol乙醛ethana1乙炔ethyne乙酸ethanoic acid乙酸乙酯ethyl acetate乙烯ethene银镜反应silver mirror reaction硬脂酸stearic acid油脂oils and fats有机化合物organic compound元素周期表periodic table of elements族group（主族：main group）Bunsen burner 本生灯product 化学反应产物flask 烧瓶apparatus 设备PH indicator PH值指示剂,氢离子(浓度的)负指数指示剂matrass 卵形瓶litmus 石蕊litmus paper 石蕊试纸graduate, graduated flask 量筒,量杯reagent 试剂test tube 试管burette 滴定管retort 曲颈甑still 蒸馏釜cupel 烤钵crucible pot, melting pot 坩埚compound 化合物atom 原子gram atom 克原子量元素周期律periodic law of elements原电池primary battery原子序数atomic number皂化反应saponification粘合剂adhesive蔗糖sucrose指示剂Indicator酯ester酯化反应esterification周期periodpipette 吸液管filter 滤管stirring rod 搅拌棒element 元素body 物体atomic weight 原子量atomic number 原子数atomic mass 原子质molecule 分子↑返。
英汉对照常用分析化学学术语
英汉对照常用分析化学学术语——摘自《定量化学分析简明教程》（北京大学）分析化学定性分析定量分析化学分析结构分析仪器分析常量分析微量分析半微量分析痕量分析超痕量分析常规分析仲裁分析重量分析滴定分析容量分析滴定滴定剂被滴物化学计量点终点标定标准溶液基准物质保证试剂分析试剂化学纯标准物质误差偏差系统误差可测误差随机误差偶然误差绝对误差相对误差准确度精密度置信水平置信区间频率频率密度总体样本，样品直方图频率分布正态分布概率analytical chemistryqualitative analysisquantitative analysischemical analysisstructure analysisinstrumental analysismacro analysismicro analysissemimicro analysistrace analysisultratrace analysisroutine analysisreferee analysisgravimetrytitrimetryvolumetrytitrationtitranttitrandstoichiometric pointend pointstandardizationstandard solutionprimary standardguarantee reagent (GR)analytical reagent (AR)chemically purereference material (RM)errordeviationsystematic errordeterminate errorrandom erroraccident errorabsolute errorrelative erroraccuracyprecisionconfidence levelconfidence intervalfrequencyfrequency densitypopulationsamplehistogramfrequency distributionnormal distributionprobability测量值真值平均值中位数全距（极差）标准偏差平均偏差变异系数自由度离群值显著性检验有效数字线性回归相关系数平行测定空白校正校准酸碱滴定共轭酸碱对离解常数酸度常数中和质子质子化质子化常数滴定常数活度活度系数离子强度热力学常数浓度常数混合常数分析浓度平衡浓度型体（物种）分布图优势区域图参考水平零水平物料平衡电荷平衡质子条件一元酸二元酸三元酸多元酸两性物质measured valuetrue valuemean, averagemedianrangestandard deviationdeviation averagecoefficient of variationdegree of freedomoutliersignificance testsignificant figurelinear regressioncorrelation coefficientparallel determinationblankcorrectioncalibrationacid-base titrationconjugate acid-base pairdissociation constantacidity constantneutralizationprotonprotonationprotonation constanttitration constantactivityactivity coefficientionic strengththermodynamic constantconcentration constantmixed constantanalytical concentrationequilibrium concentrationspeciesdistribution diagrampredominance-area diagramreference levelzero levelmass balancecharge balanceproton conditionmonoaciddibasic acidtri acidpolyprotic acidamphoteric substance11缓冲溶液缓冲容量滴定曲线滴定突跃指示剂变色间隔颜色转变点滴定指数甲基橙甲基红酚酞混合指示剂终点误差滴定误差非水滴定极性溶剂中性溶剂两性溶剂惰性溶剂固有酸度固有碱度质子自递常数区分效应拉平效应介电常数凯氏定氮法络合滴定法络合物络合反应配位体螯合物氨羧络合剂乙二胺四乙酸稳定常数形成常数不稳定常数逐级稳定常数累积常数副反应系数酸效应系数酸效应曲线条件形成常数表观形成常数金属指示剂二甲酚橙1-（2-吡啶偶氮）-2-萘酚铬黑T钙指示剂指示剂的封闭指示剂的僵化buffer solutionbuffer capacitytitration curvetitration jumpindicatortransition intervalcolor transition pointtitration indexmethyl orange (MO)methyl red (MR)phenolphthalein (PP)mixed indicatorend point errortitration errornon-aqueous titrationpolar solventneutral solventamphiprotic solventinert solventintrinsic acidityintrinsic basicityautoprotolysis constantdifferentiating effectleveling effectdielectric constantKjeldahl determinationcomplexometry complexometrictitrationcomplexcomplexationligandchelatecomplexoneethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA)stability constantformation constantinstability constantstepwise stability constantcumulative constantside reaction coefficientacidic effective coefficientacidic effective curveconditional formation coefficientapparent formation constantmatallochromic indicatorxylenol orange (X O)1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol(PA N)eriochrome black T (E B T)calconcarboxylic acidblocking of indicatorossification of indicator掩蔽解蔽掩蔽指数氧化还原滴定标准电位条件电位催化反应诱导反应氧化还原指示剂二苯胺磺酸钠邻二氮菲亚铁离子自身指示剂淀粉重铬酸钾法高锰酸钾法碘滴定法滴定碘法铈量法溴量法放大反应卡尔﹒费歇尔法沉淀滴定法银量法汞量法莫尔法福尔哈德法法杨斯法吸附指示剂荧光黄二氯荧光黄曙红固有溶解度沉淀形称量形重量因素化学因素沉淀剂溶度积条件溶度积过饱和无定形沉淀晶形沉淀凝乳状沉淀沾污纯度共沉淀混晶吸附包藏后沉淀均相沉淀maskingdemaskingmasking indexredox titrationstandard potentialconditional potentialcatalyzed reactioninduced reactionredox indicatorsodium diphenylaminesulfonateferroinself indicatorstarchdichromate titrationpermanganate titrationiodimetryiodometrycerimetrybromometryamplification reactionKarl F isher titrationprecipitation titrationargentimetrymercurimetryMohr methodV olhard methodF ajans methodadsorption indicatorfluoresceindichloro fluoresceineosinintrinsic solubilityprecipitation formweighting formgravimetric factorchemical factorprecipitantsolubility productconditional solubilityproductsupersaturationamorphous precipitatecrystalline precipitatecurdy precipitatecontaminationpuritycoprecipitationmixed crystaladsorptionocclusionpostprecipitationhomogeneous precipitation12陈化过滤灰化灼烧恒量分离富集预富集分离因数回收率溶剂萃取分配系数分配比萃取率相比水相有机相反萃取连续萃取螯合物萃取离子缔合物萃取萃取常数条件萃取常数色谱法柱色谱纸色谱薄层色谱流动相固定相吸附剂淋洗剂离子交换离子交换树脂交联度交换容量亲和力离子色谱气相色谱液相色谱高效液相色谱电泳蒸馏挥发取样[筛]目四分法试液熔融溶剂仪器分析光谱分析agingfiltrationashingignitionconstant weightseparationenrichmentpreconcentrationseparation factorrecoverysolvent extractiondistribution coefficientdistribution ratioextraction ratephase ratioaqueous phaseorganic phaseback extractioncontinuous extractionchelate extractionion association extractionextraction constantconditional extraction constantchromatographycolumn chromatographypaper chromatography(P C)thin layer chromatography (T LC)mobile phasestationary phaseabsorbenteluention exchangeion exchange resinextent of crosslinkingexchange capacityaffinityion chromatography (IC)gas chromatography (G C)liquid chromatography (LC)high performance liquidchromatography (H P LC)electrophoresisdistillationvolatilizationsamplingmeshquarteringtest solutionflusionfluexinstrumental analysisspectral analysis比色法分光光度法紫外-可见分光光度法互补色单色光朗泊-比尔定律吸光度透射比分子光谱原子光谱线状光谱带状光谱连续光谱吸收系数摩尔吸收系数比消光系数光程吸收曲线吸收峰最大吸收参比溶液试剂空白标准曲线校准曲线工作曲线等吸收点红移紫移发色团助色团带宽色散分辨力示差光度法光度滴定法标准系列法比色计光电比色计光源氢灯氘灯钨灯碘钨灯汞灯狭缝滤光片单色器光栅棱镜光电池光电管光电倍增管colorimetryspectrophotometryUV-VIS spectrophotometrycomplementary colormonochromatic colorL ambert-B eer lawabsorbancetransmittancemolecular spectrumatomic spectrumline spectrumband spectrumcontinuous spectrumabsorptivitymolar absorptivityspecific extinction coefficientpath lenthabsorption curveabsorption peakmaximum absorptionreference solutionreagent blankstandard curvecalibrated curveworking curveisoabsorptive pointbathochromic shifthypochromic shiftchromophoric groupauxochrome groupbandwidthdispersionresolutiondifferential spectrophotometryphotometric titrationstandard series methodcolorimeterphotoelectric colorimeterlight sourcehydrogen lampdeuterium lamptungsten lampiodine-tungsten lampmercury lampslitfiltermonochromatorgratingprismphotocellphototubephotomultiplier13多组分同时测定导数光谱显色剂摩尔比法等摩尔系列法萃取光度法双波长分光光度法分光光度计单光束分光光度计双光束分光光度计自动记录式分光光度计分析天平单盘天平双盘天平电子天平砝码游码称量瓶保干器干燥剂漏斗滤纸蒸发皿水浴蒸气浴坩埚烘箱容量瓶移液管滴定管吸量管量筒锥形瓶试剂瓶洗瓶洗液simultaneous determination of multiponents derivative spectrumcolor reagentmole ratio methodequimolar series methodextraction spectrphotometric methoddual-wavelength spectrophotometry spectrophotometersingle beam spectrophotometerdouble beam spectrophotometerrecording spectrophotometeranalytical balancesingle-pan balancedual-pan balanceelectronic balanceweightsriderweighing bottledesiccatordesiccant; drying agentfilterfilter paperevaporation dishwater bathsteam bathcrucibleovenvolumetric flaskpipetteburettemeasuring pipettemeasuring cylinderErelenmeyer flaskReagent bottleW ash bottlewashings14。
普通化学术语中英文对照表
普通化学术语中英文对照表Chinese-English Dictionary of Common Chemical Terms撰写者史政一written by Zhengyi Shi1.专业名词(terms)原子 atom原子核 nucleus质子 proton中子 neutron电子 electron(abbr. e)离子 ion [ˈaɪən]阳离子 cation阴离子 anion分子 molecular [məˈlekjələ]单质 element化合物 compound纯净物 pure substance/chemical substance混合物 mixture相对原子质量 relative atomic mass(abbr. A)r)相对分子质量 relative molecular mass(abbr. Mr化学式量 relative formula mass物质的量 amount of substance阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadro constant(abbr. N)A摩尔 mole摩尔质量 molar mass实验式/最简式/经验式 empirical formula气体摩尔体积 molar volume阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro’s Law溶液 solution溶解 dissolve浓度 concentration质量/体积分数 mass/volume concentration 浓缩 concentrate稀释 dilute蒸馏 distillation萃取 extraction化学反应方程式 chemical equation反应物 reactant生成物 product固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gaseous溶液 aqueous配平 balance化学计量学 stoichiometry酸 acid碱 base/alkali (refers to soluble bases)盐 salt酸式盐 acid salt离子方程式 ionic equation结晶水 water of crystallisation水合的 hydrated无水的 anhydrous滴定 titration指示剂 indicator氧化数 oxidation number氧化还原反应 redox reaction氧化反应 oxidation reaction还原反应 reduction reaction歧化反应 disproportionation reaction归中反应 comproportionation(symproportionation) reaction氧化剂 oxidising agent还原剂 reducing agent电子层(壳) (electron) shell电离能 ionisation energy(abbr. .)第一，第二，第三等电离能 first,second,third,etc. ionisation energy(abbr. 1st,2nd,3rd,etc. .)电子亲和能 electron affinity energy(abbr. .)屏蔽效应 electronic shielding(screening)原子轨道 atomic orbital电子云 electron cloud电子亚层 sub-shell能层 layer能级 energy level电子排布 electron configuration电子云重叠 shell overlap洪特规则 Hund’s rule泡利原理 Pauli exclusion principle基态 ground state激发态 excited state跃迁 transition手性 chirality [kaiˈ-]化学键 chemical bond键长 bond length键级 bond order键角 bond angle键能 bond enthalpies离子键 ionic bond供体 donor受体 acceptor静电吸引 electrostatic attraction巨型离子结构 giant ionic structure共价键 covalent[kəʊ'veɪlənt] bond巨型共价结构 giant covalent structure共用电子对 shared pair/bonding pair孤对电子 lone pair/non-bonding pairσ键σ-bondπ键π-bondδ键δ-bond极性共价键 polar bond非极性共价键 non-polar bond配位键 dipolar bond/dative covalent bond/coordinate bond 电负性 electronegativity极性 polarity偶极子 dipole分子间作用力 intermolecular forces氢键 hydrogen bond范德华力 van der Waal’s force色散力 dispersion force诱导力 induction force取向力 orientation force/dipole-dipole force 金属键 metallic bond离域 delocalisation [di:,ləukəlai'zeiʃn]延展性 malleability可锻性 ductility导电性 electrical conductivity合金 alloy元素周期表 the Periodic Table周期 period族 group原子序数 proton number同位素 isotope[ˈaɪsətəʊp]核素 nuclide同量异位素 isobar金属 metal非金属 nonmetal碱金属 alkali metal碱土金属 alkaline earth metal卤素 halogen稀有气体 noble gas元素周期律 periodic trends活泼 active稳定 noble分解反应 decomposition reaction化合反应 combination(synthesis) reaction取代反应 displacement reaction复分解反应 salt metathesis[məˈtæθəsis] reaction/double replacement(displacement) reaction沉淀 precipitation官能团 functional group碳氢化合物/烃 hydrocarbon饱和烃 saturated hydrocarbon不饱和烃 unsaturated hydrocarbon脂肪烃 aliphatic hydrocarbon脂环烃 alicyclic hrdrocarbon同系物 homologous[həˈ-] series异构现象 isomerism ['aisəmərizəm]同分异构体 isomeride [ai'sɔməraid]同素异形体 allotropy/allotropism分子式 molecular formula通式 general formula结构式 displayed formula结构简式 structural formula键线式 skeletal formula均裂 homolytic fission异裂 heterolytic fission亲核试剂 nucleophile ['njukliəfail]亲电子试剂 electrophile加成反应 addition reaction加水加成 hydration reaction加成聚合反应 addition polymerisation聚合物 polymer单体 monomer链节 repeat unit缩合聚合反应 condensation reaction缩聚物 condensation polymer取代反应 substitution reaction脱水 dehydration水解 hydrolysis卤代反应 halogenation reaction酯化反应 esterification reaction亲核取代 nucleophilic substitution消去反应 elimination reaction裂化反应 cracking (reaction)石油分馏 fractional distillation燃烧 combustion发酵 fermentation氟氯烃 chlorofluorocarbons产率 percentage yield原子利用率 atom economy红外光谱学 infrared spectroscopy质谱分析 mass spectroscopy光谱 spectrum挥发性 volatility冷凝回流 reflux反应机理 reaction mechanism能量守恒定律 law of conservation of energy 热力学 thermodynamic [θə:məudaiˈ-]焓 enthalpy(abbr. H) [en'θælpi]焓变 enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH)标准焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔHӨ)标准反应焓 standard enthalpy change(abbr. ΔH rӨ)燃烧热 heat of combustion标准燃烧焓 standard enthalpy change of combustion(abbr. ΔH cӨ)标准生成焓 standard enthalpy change of formation(abbr. ΔH fӨ)放热反应 exothermic[eksəuˈ-] reaction吸热反应 endothermic reaction热化学方程式 thermochemical[θə:məuˈ-] equation)活化能 activation energy(abbe. Ea比热容 specific heat capacity键焓 bond enthalpy平均键焓 average bond enthalpy盖斯定律Hess’ law有效碰撞理论 collision theory反应速率 rate of reaction/reaction rate反应动力学 reaction kinetics催化剂 catalyst催化作用 catalysis酶 enzyme['enzaim]波尔兹曼分布律 the Boltzmann distribution化学平衡 (chemical) equilibrium[i:kwiˈ-]可逆反应 reversible reaction动态平衡 dynamic equilibrium平衡常数 chemical equilibrium constant浓度幂 concentration power平衡移动 shift of equilibrium state吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy(abbr. ΔG)阿累尼乌斯方程 the Arrhenius[əˈri:niəs] Equation自发反应 spontaneous[spɔnˈteiniəs] reaction熵 entropy(abbr. ΔS)温室效应 greenhouse effect吸附作用 adsorption绿色化学 green chemistry溶解度 solubility离子反应 ionic reaction电离 ionisation电解质 electrolyte电离平衡 ionisation equilibrium电离常数 ionisation constant离子积 ion-product constant氢离子浓度指数 hydrogen ion concentration(abbr. pH from French potentiel d'hydrogène)溶解平衡 dissolution equilibrium溶度积 solubility product原电池 galvanic(voltaic) cell盐桥 salt bridge电极 electrode正极/阳极 anode负极/阴极 cathode标准电极电势 standard electrode potential(abbr. E0)干电池 dry cell一次电池 primary cell(battery)二次电池/蓄电池 secondary cell/storage battery充电 charge放电 discharge燃料电池 fuel cell电解 electrolysis电解池/电解槽electrolytic cell电镀 galvanisation电偶腐蚀/电化腐蚀 galvanic corrosion 分子空间构型 molecular geometries杂化 hybrid轨道 orbital晶格 lattice晶体 crystal晶胞 crystal structure堆积作用 sedimentation2.常见元素(common elements)氢 hydrogen(abbr. H) ['haidrədʒən]氦 helium(abbr. He) ['hi:liəm]锂 lithium(abbr. Li) ['liθiəm]硼 boron(abbr. B) ['bɔ:rɔn]碳 carbon(abbr. C) ['kɑ:bən]氮 nitrogen(abbr. N) ['naitrədʒən]氧 oxygen(abbr. O) ['ɔksidʒən]氟 fluorine(abbr. F) ['fluəri:n]氖 neon(abbr. Ne) ['ni:ɔn]钠 sodium(abbr. Na) ['səudiəm]镁 magnesium(abbr. Mg)铝 aluminum(abbr. Al) [,æləˈminiəm]硅 silicon(abbr. Si) ['silikən]磷 phosphorus(abbr. P) ['fɔsfərəs]硫 sulfur(abbr. S) ['sʌlfə]氯 chlorine(abbr. Cl) ['klɔ:ri:n]氩 argon(abbr. Ar) ['ɑ:ɡɔn]钾 potassium(abbr. K) [pəˈtæsiəm]钙 calcium(abbr. Ca) [ˈkælsiəm]钛 titanium(abbr. Ti) [tai'teiniəm]铬 chromium(abbr. Cr) ['krəumjəm]锰 manganese(abbr. Mn) [ˈmæŋɡəni:z]铁 iron(abbr. Fe) ['aɪən]钴 cobalt(abbr. Co) [kəu'bɔ:lt]镍 nickel(abbr. Ni) ['nikəl]铜 copper(abbr. Cu) ['kɔpə]锌 zinc(abbr. Zn) [ziŋk]砷 arsenic(abbr. As) ['ɑ:sənik]溴 bromine(abbr. Br) ['brəumi:n]银 silver(abbr. Ag) ['silvə]锡 tin(abbr. Sn) [tin]碘 iodine(abbr. I) ['aiəudi:n]氙 xenon ['zenɔn]钡 barium(abbr. Ba) ['beəriəm]钨 tungsten(abbr. W) [tʌŋstən]铂 platinum(abbr. Pt) ['plætinəm]金 gold(abbr. Au) [ɡəuld]汞 mercury(abbr. Hg) ['mə:kjuri]铅 lead(abbr. Pb) [led]3.常见单质(common elements)氢气、氮气、氧气、氟气、氯气、液溴、固态碘的名称同元素名称金刚石 diamond ['daiəmənd]石墨 graphite ['g ræfa it]臭氧 ozone ['əuzəun]红磷 red phosphorus白磷 white phosphorus4.常见根离子(common radicals)氢化的 hydride ['haidraid]硼酸 boric (acid)碳化的 carbide ['ka:baid]碳酸 carbonic (acid)碳酸氢根 bicarbonate/hydrogen carbonate氮化的 nitride ['naitraid]叠氮化的 azide ['æzaid]硝酸 nitric (acid)亚硝酸 nitrous (acid)氧化的 oxide ['ɔksaid]二氧化的 dioxide [dai-']三氧化的 trioxide过氧根 peroxy (radical) [pə'ɔksaid]超氧化的 superoxide [sjupə'ɔksaid]氢氧根 hydroxyl[hai'drɔksil] (radical)水合氢离子 hydronium氟化的 fluoride偏铝酸 meta-aluminic[metə'æljuminik] (acid)四羟基合铝酸 hydroxyl-aluminic[hai'drɔksil-'] (acid)硅酸 silicic['silisik] (acid)磷酸 phosphoric (acid)磷酸二氢根 dihydrogen phosphate磷酸氢根 hydrogen phosphate硫化的 sulfide硫氢根 bisulphide/sulphanide/hydrogen sulphide 硫酸 sulphuric (acid)硫酸氢根 bisulphate/hydrogen sulphate亚硫酸 sulphurous (acid)亚硫酸氢根 bisulphite/hydrogen sulphite硫代硫酸根 thiosulphate [θa iəu-']焦硫酸根 persulphate [pə:-']氯化的 chloride ['klɔraid]氢氯酸/盐酸 hydrochloric (acid)高氯酸 perchloric (acid)氯酸 chloric (acid)亚氯酸 chlorous (acid)次氯酸 hypochlorous (acid)溴化的 bromide氢溴酸、高溴酸、溴酸、亚溴酸、次溴酸名称参见氯碘化的 iodide ['aiədaid]氢碘酸、高碘酸、碘酸、亚碘酸、次碘酸名称参见氯卤化的 halide铵根 ammonium [əˈməuniəm]高锰酸根 permanganate锰酸根 manganate氰根 cyanide ['sainaid]硫氰根 thiocyanate [θaiəuˈsaiəneit]铬酸根 chromate重铬酸根 dichromate5.常见无机化合物(common inorganic compounds)氢化钠 sodium hydride氨 ammonia/azane[ə-ˈ]硅烷 silane [ˈsi-]磷化氢 phosphine硫化氢 hydrogen sulphide氮化镁 magnesium nitride四氧化三铁 iron(II,III) oxide二氟化氧 oxygen difluoride氯化氢 hydrogen chloride氯化亚铁 iron(II) chloride/ferrous chloride 氯化铁 iron(III) chloride/ferric chloride氯化亚锡 tin(II) chloride/stannous chloride 四羟基合铝酸钠 sodium aluminate磷酸二氢钠 monosodium phosphate磷酸氢二钠 disodium phosphate氯化铵 ammonium chloride硫氢化钠/硫氢酸钠 sodium hydrosulphide6.系统命名法(chemical nomenclature)一 mono-二 di-三 tri-四 tetra-五 penta-六 hexa-七 hepta-八 octa-九 nona-十 deca-烷烃 alkane (preffix alkyl-,suffix -ane)甲 meth-乙 eth-丙 prop-丁 but-戊 pent-己 hex-庚 hept-辛 oct-壬 non-癸 dec-十一 undec-十二 dodec-十三 tridec-十四 tetradec-十五 pentadec-十六 hexadec-十七 heptadec-十八 octadec-十九 nonadec-二十 eicos-三十 triacont-四十 tetracont-五十 prntacont-正构型 normal-(n-)异构型 iso-(i-)新构型 neo-(n-)聚 poly-烷基 alkyl甲基 methyl(abbr. Me)乙基 ethyl(abbr. Et)丙基 propyl(abbr. Pr)环烷烃 cycloalkane (preffix -cyclo, suffix -ane)烯烃 alkene (preffix alkenyl-,suffix -ene)二烯烃 allene (suffix -adiene)环烯烃 cycloalkene (preffix cyclo-, suffix -ene)炔烃 alkyne (preffix alkynyl-,suffix -yne)顺式异构 preffix cis-(Z-)反式异构 preffix trans-(E-)苯基 phenyl(abbr. Ph) (preffix phenyl-,suffix -benzene)苄基 benzyl(abbr. Bn) (preffix benzyl-,suffix -toluene)醇 alcohol (preffix hydroxy-,suffix -ol)带卤素的化合物 halogens (preffix fluoro-,chloro-,bromo-,etc.)酮 ketone (preffix oxo-,suffix -one)醛 aldehyde (preffix oxo-,suffix -al or not included in carbon chain preffix formyl-,suffix -carbaldehyde)羧酸 carboxylic[ka:bɔk'silik] (acid) (suffix -oic acid)羧基 carboxyl (preffix carboxyl-,suffix -oic acid or multiple groups suffix -di,tri,tetracarbonyl acid)乙酸根 carboxyl radical(abbr. Ac)醚 ether (suffix -ane and -oxy)脂 ester (preffix R-oxycarbonyl-,suffix -oic acid/-oate)胺和酰胺 amine(preffix amino-,suffix -amine or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-) and amide(preffix carbamoyl- andamido-,suffix -amide and -carboxamide or according to position of N atom with pre/suffix -N-)氨基 amino酰胺基 amido磺酸 sulphonic (acid) (preffix sulpho-,suffix -sulphonic acid)腈 nitrile (preffix cyano-,suffix -nitrile)酚 phenol/carbolic acid7.常见有机化合物(common organic compounds)酚酞 phenolphthalein(abbr. Hln/phph) [finɔlf'θeili:n]石蕊 litmus溴酚蓝 bromopheno blue百里酚蓝 thymol blue甲基橙 methyl orange龙胆紫 gentian violet氯仿 chloroform异戊二烯 isoprene月桂烯 myrcene [mair'si:n]聚乙烯 polythene聚氯乙烯 poly(chloroethene)(abbr. PVC)聚丙烯 polypropylene聚四氟乙烯/特氟龙 poly(tetrafluoroethene)/teflon晴纶 orlon二甲醚 methoxymethane苯酚 phenol乙酸乙酯 methyl propanoate甲酸/蚁酸 methanoic acid/formic acid乙酸/醋酸 ethanoic acid/acetic acid乙二酸/草酸 oxalic acid丙酸/初油酸 propanoic acid/propionic acid丁酸/酪酸 butanoic acid/butyric acid软脂酸/棕榈酸 hexadecanoic acid/palmitic acid 硬脂酸 octadecanoic acid/stearic acid硬脂酸钠 sodium stearate柠檬酸 citric acid柠檬酸钠 sodium citrate乳酸 lactic acid乳酸钠 sodium lactate葡萄糖酸 gluconic acid氨基酸 amino acid葡萄糖 glucose果糖 fructose半乳糖 galactose核糖 ribose脱氧核糖 desoxyribose核糖核酸 rebonucleic acid(abbr. RNA)脱氧核糖核酸 deoxyribonucleic acid(abbr. DNA)麦芽糖 maltose蔗糖 sucrose乳糖 lactose淀粉 starch纤维素 cellulose脂肪酸 fatty acid甘油/丙三醇 glycerol/ glycerine/ glycerin叔丁醇 tert-butyl alcohol(abbr. TBA)三硝基甲苯 trinitrotoluene(abbr. TNT) [trainaitrə'tɔljui:n]萘 naphthalene碳酰胺/尿素 urea/carbamide胡萝卜素 carotene叶绿素 chlorophyll阿司匹林/乙酰水杨酸 aspirin/acetylsalicylic acid对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛 paracetamol/acetaminophen苯丙醇胺phenylpropanolamine/β-hydroxyamphetamine/the stereoisomers norephe drine/norpseudoephedrine舒喘宁/羟甲叔丁肾上腺素 salbutamol伪麻黄碱 pseudoephedrine(abbr. PSE)氯苯那敏 chlorphenamine/chlorpheniramine/piriton咖啡因 caffeine维生素A/视黄醇 retinol/vitamin A维生素C/抗坏血酸 vitamin C/ascorbic acid吗啡 morphine冰毒/甲基安非他明 methamphetamine可卡因/苯甲基芽子碱 cocaine/benzoylmethylecgonine海洛因 heroin/diacetylmorphine/morphine diacetate/diamorphine8.常见实验仪器(common laboratory apparatuses)温度计 thermometre [θə'-]托盘天平 counterbalance试管 test tube/sample tube/culture tube烧杯 beaker ['bi:-]烧瓶 flask蒸馏烧瓶 distillation flask锥形瓶 Erlenmeyer(注意大写) flask/conical flask漏斗 funnel广口瓶 wide mouth(neck) container(bottle)燃烧匙 combustion spoon蒸发皿 evaporating dish酒精灯 alcohol burner本生灯 Bunsen burner量筒 graduated cylinder['silində]/measuring cylinder/mixing cylinder 集气瓶 gas bottle滴管 burette/buret [bju:'ret]滴瓶 dropper bottle曲颈瓶 retort [ri'-]表面皿 watch glass石棉网 asbestos[æs'bestəs] gauze玻璃棒 glass rod/stirring rod/stir rod铁架台 iron stand滴定管 burette/buret泥三角 pipeclay triangle启普发生器 Kipp's apparatus/Kipp generator酒精喷灯 alcohol blast burner坩埚钳 tong坩埚 pot索氏提取器 Soxhlet extractor冷凝管 cold finger称量瓶 weighing bottle注：本词典收录的词汇均为英式英语，读音均以英式发音标注。
化学术语中英文对照
化学术语中英文对照BET公式BET formulaDLVO理论DLVO theoryHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance methodpVT性质pVT propertyζ电势zeta potential阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro'number阿伏加德罗定律Avogadro law阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation阿累尼乌斯活化能Arrhenius activation energy阿马格定律Amagat law艾林方程Erying equation爱因斯坦光化当量定律Einstein's law of photochemical equivalence爱因斯坦－斯托克斯方程Einstein-Stokes equation安托万常数Antoine constant安托万方程Antoine equation盎萨格电导理论Onsager's theory of conductance半电池half cell半衰期half time period饱和液体saturated liquids饱和蒸气saturated vapor饱和吸附量saturated extent of adsorption饱和蒸气压saturated vapor pressure爆炸界限explosion limits比表面功specific surface work比表面吉布斯函数specific surface Gibbs function比浓粘度reduced viscosity标准电动势standard electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential标准摩尔反应焓standard molar reaction enthalpy标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数standard Gibbs function of molar reaction标准摩尔反应熵standard molar reaction entropy标准摩尔焓函数standard molar enthalpy function标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数standard molar Gibbs free energy function 标准摩尔燃烧焓standard molar combustion enthalpy标准摩尔熵standard molar entropy标准摩尔生成焓standard molar formation enthalpy标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数standard molar formation Gibbs function标准平衡常数standard equilibrium constant标准氢电极standard hydrogen electrode标准态standard state标准熵standard entropy标准压力standard pressure标准状况standard condition表观活化能apparent activation energy表观摩尔质量apparent molecular weight表观迁移数apparent transference number表面surfaces表面过程控制surface process control表面活性剂surfactants表面吸附量surface excess表面张力surface tension表面质量作用定律surface mass action law波义尔定律Boyle law波义尔温度Boyle temperature波义尔点Boyle point玻尔兹曼常数Boltzmann constant玻尔兹曼分布Boltzmann distribution玻尔兹曼公式Boltzmann formula玻尔兹曼熵定理Boltzmann entropy theorem玻色－爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics泊Poise不可逆过程irreversible process不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes 不可逆相变化irreversible phase change布朗运动brownian movement查理定律Charle's law产率yield敞开系统open system超电势over potential沉降sedimentation沉降电势sedimentation potential沉降平衡sedimentation equilibrium触变thixotropy粗分散系统thick disperse system催化剂catalyst单分子层吸附理论mono molecule layer adsorption单分子反应unimolecular reaction单链反应straight chain reactions弹式量热计bomb calorimeter道尔顿定律Dalton law道尔顿分压定律Dalton partial pressure law德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect德拜立方公式Debye cubic formula德拜－休克尔极限公式Debye-Huckel's limiting equation等焓过程isenthalpic process等焓线isenthalpic line等几率定理theorem of equal probability等温等容位Helmholtz free energy等温等压位Gibbs free energy等温方程equation at constant temperature低共熔点eutectic point低共熔混合物eutectic mixture低会溶点lower consolute point低熔冰盐合晶cryohydric第二类永动机perpetual machine of the second kind第三定律熵third-law entropy第一类永动机perpetual machine of the first kind缔合化学吸附association chemical adsorption电池常数cell constant电池电动势electromotive force of cells电池反应cell reaction电导conductance电导率conductivity电动势的温度系数temperature coefficient of electromotive force 电动电势zeta potential电动现象electrokinetic phenomena电功electric work电化学electrochemistry电化学极化electrochemical polarization电极电势electrode potential电极反应reactions on the electrode电极种类type of electrodes电解池electrolytic cell电量计coulometer电流效率current efficiency电迁移electro migration电迁移率electromobility电渗electroosmosis电渗析electrodialysis电泳electrophoresis丁达尔效应Dyndall effect定容摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant volume定容温度计Constant voIume thermometer定压摩尔热容molar heat capacity under constant pressure定压温度计constant pressure thermometer定域子系统localized particle system动力学方程kinetic equations动力学控制kinetics control独立子系统independent particle system对比摩尔体积reduced mole volume对比体积reduced volume对比温度reduced temperature对比压力reduced pressure对称数symmetry number对行反应reversible reactions对应状态原理principle of corresponding state多方过程polytropic process多分子层吸附理论adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers二级反应second order reaction二级相变second order phase change法拉第常数faraday constant法拉第定律Faraday's law法扬思-帕尼思规则Fajans- Pancth's rule反电动势back E.M.F.反渗透reverse osmosis反应分子数molecularity反应级数reaction orders反应进度extent of reaction反应热heat of reaction反应速率rate of reaction反应速率常数constant of reaction rate范德华常数van der Waals constant范德华方程van der Waals equation范德华力van der Waals force范德华气体van der Waals gases范特霍夫方程van't Hoff equation范特霍夫规则van't Hoff rule范特霍夫渗透压公式 van't Hoff equation of osmotic pressure可以如下推断：1mol 的CO2的生成焓在数值上等于1mol C 的燃烧热，因此1mol CO的燃烧热等于1mol 的CO2的生成焓与1mol 的CO的生成焓之差。
化工术语中英文对照
化工术语中英文对照在化工领域中，有许多术语用来描述不同的化学过程、化学物质和实验设备。
这些术语通常使用中文和英文两种语言来表达，因此熟悉化工术语的中英文对照是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的化工术语，并提供它们的中英文对照。
1. 化学过程术语1.1 氧化（Oxidation）•中文：氧化•英文：Oxidation1.2 还原（Reduction）•中文：还原•英文：Reduction1.3 反应（Reaction）•中文：反应•英文：Reaction1.4 反应速率（Reaction Rate）•中文：反应速率•英文：Reaction Rate1.5 氧化反应（Oxidation Reaction）•中文：氧化反应•英文：Oxidation Reaction1.6 还原反应（Reduction Reaction）•中文：还原反应•英文：Reduction Reaction1.7 酸碱中和反应（Neutralization Reaction）•中文：酸碱中和反应•英文：Neutralization Reaction 2. 化学物质术语2.1 水（Water）•中文：水•英文：Water2.2 盐（Salt）•中文：盐•英文：Salt2.3 酸（Acid）•中文：酸•英文：Acid 2.4 碱（Alkali）•中文：碱•英文：Alkali 2.5 溶液（Solution）•中文：溶液•英文：Solution2.6 离子（Ion）•中文：离子•英文：Ion2.7 分子（Molecule）•中文：分子•英文：Molecule 2.8 化合物（Compound）•中文：化合物•英文：Compound3. 实验设备术语3.1 烧杯（Beaker）•中文：烧杯•英文：Beaker3.2 镊子（Tweezers）•中文：镊子•英文：Tweezers3.3 温度计（Thermometer）•中文：温度计•英文：Thermometer 3.4 试管（Test Tube）•中文：试管•英文：Test Tube3.5 漏斗（Funnel）•中文：漏斗•英文：Funnel3.6 量筒（Graduated Cylinder）•中文：量筒•英文：Graduated Cylinder 3.7 手套（Gloves）•中文：手套•英文：Gloves3.8 磁力搅拌器（Magnetic Stirrer）•中文：磁力搅拌器•英文：Magnetic Stirrer结论掌握化工术语的中英文对照对于理解化工过程、交流和学习非常重要。
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分析化学术语中英文对照
1 一般术语
1.1 采样sampling
1.2 试样sample
1.3 测定determination
1.4 平行测定parallel determination 1.5 空白试验blank test
1.6 检测detection
1.7 标定standardization
1.8 滴定titration
1.9 恒重constant weight
1.10 滴定终点end point
1.11 滴定曲线titration curve
1.12 纯度purity
1.13 含量content
1.14 灰分ash
1.15 酸值acid value
1.16 pH 值pH value
1.17 残渣residue
1.18 QC Quality Control
1.19 QA Quality Assurance
1.20 实验室laboratory
2 方法methods
2.1 化学分析chemical analysis
2.2 仪器分析instrumental analysis
2.3 定性分析qualitative analysis
2.4 定量分析quantitative analysis
2.5 常量分析macro analysis
2.6 微量分析micro analysis
2.7 称量分析法gravimetric analysis
2.8 滴定分析法titrimetric ananlysis
2.9 元素分析elementary analysis
2.10 酸碱滴定法acid-base titration
2.11 卡尔费休法Karl fischer titration
3 试剂和溶液regent and solution
3.1 化学试剂chemical reagennts
3.2 参考物质reference material （RM）3.3 标准溶液standard solution
3.4 试液test solution
4 仪器apparatus
4.1 分析天平analytical balance
4.2 砝码weights
4.3 称量瓶weighing bottle
4.4 试纸test paper
4.5 电位滴定仪potentiometric titrator
4.6 波长wavelength
4.7 分光光度法spectrophotometry
4.8 光谱仪spectrometer
4.9 色谱法chromatography
4.10 气象色谱法(GC) gas chromatography
4.11 液相色谱法（LC）liquid chromatography
4.12 高效液相色谱法（HPLC）high performance liquid chromatography 4.13 热导检测器（TCD）thermal conductivity detector
4.14 火焰离子化检测器（FID）flame ionization detector
4.15 色谱柱chromatographic column
5 数据处理
5.1 真值true value
5.2 测定值measured value
5.3 算术平均值arithmetic mean
5.4 准确度accuracy
5.5 精密度precision
5.6 相对误差relative error
5.7 仪器误差instrumental error 5.8 系统误差systematic error 5.9 方法误差methodic error 5.10 操作误差operational error。