北大《计量经济学》博士研究生入学试题

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北京大学经济学原理历年考研真题及答案共5套!

北京大学经济学原理历年考研真题及答案共5套!

北京大学1998年研究生入学考试试题考试科目:经济学原理 考试时间:1998年1月17日下午 招生专业:经济学院各专业及人口所部分专业 研究方向:政治经济学1.马克思是如何从“20匹麻布=1件上衣”来分析相对价值形式的量的规定性的?(10分) 2.在马克思的理论中,是如何分析“G —W ”的? (8分)3.马克思在《资本论》中将农业中级差地租的总和称之为“虚假的社会价值”,为什么?(5分)4.什么是金融资本?(2分)5.如何理解中共十五大关于公有制实现形式多样化的论调?(10分)6.现代企业制度的基本内容是什么?谈谈你对中国国有企业改革的基本想法。

(15分)宏观经济学一、新古典宏观经济学和凯恩斯主义在理论基本假设上的主要区别是什么?(4)二、在经济复苏时期,凯恩斯主义者在财政政策和货币政策的使用上是否有所侧重?为什么?(5分)三、货币创造乘数的大小受到哪些因素的影响?(6分)四、请说明公债在宏观经济政策中的地位和作用。

(10分)微观经济学一、论述题1.利用图说明“吉芬之谜”的答案。

(8分)2.说明寡头市场弯折的需求曲线模型。

(9分)二、计算题(8分)已知某完全竞争厂商的短期生产函数为Q=L 0.5K 0.5,生产要素资本的价格P K =8,厂商在边际替代率MRTS LK =0.25时实现最大利润。

求:(1)该厂商所面临的生产要素劳动的价格P L ;(2)当成本C=3200时,该厂商实现最大产量的均衡L 、K 和Q 值。

答案部分北京大学1998年研究生入学考试试题考试科目:经济学原理 考试时间:1998年1月17日下午 招生专业:经济学院各专业及人口所部分专业 研究方向:政治经济学1.马克思是如何从“20匹麻布=1件上衣”来分析相对价值形式的量的规定性的?(10分)答:“20匹麻布=1件上衣”是简单价值形式的表达。

在这种价值形式中,等式两端的商品所处的地位和作用是不同的。

其中左边的商品处于主动地位,要求把自己的价值相对的表现在另一种商品上为相对价值形式;而右边的商品则处于被动地位,是等价物,起着表现左边商品的价值的作用,因此叫等价形式。

1996-2013年北京大学经济学院研究生入学18年考研真题试题(共18套)

1996-2013年北京大学经济学院研究生入学18年考研真题试题(共18套)

1996-2013年北京大学经济学院研究生入学18年考研真题试题
目录
2013年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (2)
2012年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (4)
2011年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (6)
2010年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (7)
2009年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (8)
2008年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (9)
2007年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (10)
2006年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (11)
2005年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (12)
2004年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (13)
2003年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (14)
2002年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (15)
2001年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (16)
2000年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (17)
1999年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (18)
1998年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (19)
1997年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (20)
1996年北京大学经济学综合考研真题 (21)
2013年北京大学经济学综合考研真题
2012年北京大学经济学综合考研真题
微观经济学
1
2
宏观经济学
1
2
政治经济学1
2
1997年北京大学经济学综合考研真题
1996年北京大学经济学综合考研真题
21。

北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题

北京大学2008年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(总分100, 考试时间180分钟)Part One: Listening Comprehension略Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%)Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.Part Three: Reading ComprehensionI.Directions: Each of the following three passages is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)II.Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then explain in your own English the exact meaning of the numbered and underlined parts. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). (15%)Part Four: Cloze Test (10%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then fill in each numbered blank with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2).Part Five: Proofreading (10%)Directions: In the following passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, ONE in each numbered and underlined part. You may have to change a word, add a word, or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it with a slash (/) and write the correct word beside it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediately before and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (/). Put your answers on ANSWER SHEET (2). Examples: eg. 1 (66) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2):(66) begun beganeg.2 (67) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtain went up. Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2):(67)(Scarcely) had (they)eg. 3 (68) Never will I not do it again.Correction put on the ANSWER SHEET (2):(68) notPart Six: Writing (15%)Directions: Read the following paragraph and then write a response paper of about 250 to 300 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET (2).答案:21-25范文。

北大经济学院博士试题

北大经济学院博士试题

经典线性回归的假设及结论;
②,怀特检验的内容;
③,已知R,自由度,样本量和回归系数常数项的标准差来估计回归斜率的取值范围;
④,就是均方误,完全没看过的一个概念;
⑤,一致性的问题,具体记不清了;
其他的好多记不清了,大概内容有:联立方程组的考察,面板数据的固定效应估计;自相关的GLS估计等。

计量
2010年
1、古典假设
2、Durbin-Waton检验的使用范围
3、关于内生性的分析题
4、关于面板的分析题
5、关于多元回归中部分参数为零的假设检验的应用,用的是Chow检验等。

简单的说明即可,不要求证明。

6、(1)极大似然估计的应用中的probit或logit的证明,这道题目我没
有做出来,丢了10分,惭愧啊.....格林的书上专门有几章在讲极大似
然估计,建议好好看看哈。

(2)最小二乘估计中残差和为零的证明,这在陈东的讲义中有提及。

(3)还有一道证明题我记不清了,但是都是极为简单的,不用担心。

2011年
1、计量经济学研究的步骤
2、异方差产生的原因及解决办法
3、VAR与格兰杰检验的关系
4、多元回归分析中的问题
5、自适应预期模型
6、局部调整模型
7、考伊克模型
8、误差修正模型
9、最小二乘估计中的残差和等于零
2005年
共三大题,
第一题概念题,20分,随机变量的数学期望和方差问题,记得不是太清楚了
第二题为证明最小二乘法估计量的无偏性,一致性和有效性。

分数45分
第三题为联立方程组的识别与工具变量法计算问题,35分。

计量经济学题库及答案

计量经济学题库及答案

计量经济学题库一、单项选择题(每小题1分)1.计量经济学是下列哪门学科的分支学科(C)。

A.统计学B.数学C.经济学D.数理统计学2.计量经济学成为一门独立学科的标志是(B)。

A.1930年世界计量经济学会成立B.1933年《计量经济学》会刊出版C.1969年诺贝尔经济学奖设立D.1926年计量经济学(Economics)一词构造出来3.外生变量和滞后变量统称为(D)。

A.控制变量B.解释变量C.被解释变量D.前定变量4.横截面数据是指(A)。

A.同一时点上不同统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据B.同一时点上相同统计单位相同统计指标组成的数据C.同一时点上相同统计单位不同统计指标组成的数据D.同一时点上不同统计单位不同统计指标组成的数据5.同一统计指标,同一统计单位按时间顺序记录形成的数据列是(C)。

A.时期数据B.混合数据C.时间序列数据D.横截面数据6.在计量经济模型中,由模型系统内部因素决定,表现为具有一定的概率分布的随机变量,其数值受模型中其他变量影响的变量是( A )。

A.内生变量B.外生变量C.滞后变量D.前定变量7.描述微观主体经济活动中的变量关系的计量经济模型是( A )。

A.微观计量经济模型B.宏观计量经济模型C.理论计量经济模型D.应用计量经济模型8.经济计量模型的被解释变量一定是( C )。

A.控制变量B.政策变量C.内生变量D.外生变量9.下面属于横截面数据的是( D )。

A.1991-2003年各年某地区20个乡镇企业的平均工业产值B.1991-2003年各年某地区20个乡镇企业各镇的工业产值C.某年某地区20个乡镇工业产值的合计数D.某年某地区20个乡镇各镇的工业产值10.经济计量分析工作的基本步骤是( A )。

A.设定理论模型→收集样本资料→估计模型参数→检验模型B.设定模型→估计参数→检验模型→应用模型C.个体设计→总体估计→估计模型→应用模型D.确定模型导向→确定变量及方程式→估计模型→应用模型11.将内生变量的前期值作解释变量,这样的变量称为( D )。

北大经院考博历年真题

北大经院考博历年真题

北京大学历年试题微观99年1.利用图简要说明拟线性偏好情况下的收入-消费曲线(即收入提供线)和恩格尔曲线的特征(3分)。

2.求生出函数LK KL Q +=5的长期生产扩展线函数(3)。

3.证明一次齐次等替代(CES )产出函数和柯布-道格拉斯生出函数之间的关系(6)。

4.假定某寡头市场有两个厂商:厂商A 是领导者,它的反需求函数为P 1=80-4Q 1-Q 2,成本函数为2115.3Q C =,其中Q 1和Q 2分别表示厂商A 和厂商B 的产量。

厂商B 是追随者,它力图保持1/3的市场份额。

求:(1)厂商A 的最优价格和产量;(2)厂商B 的产量。

(6)5.考虑由两个人、两种商品构成的纯交换经济系统。

已知该经济系统中给定的两商品的总量分别为1X 和2X ,A 、B 两人的效用函数分别为21A A A X X U α=,21B B B X X U β=,且111X X X B A =+,222X X X B A =+(其中)1A X 、2A X 分别表示A 所拥有的两种商品的数量,1B X 、2B X 分别表示B 所拥有的两种商品数量。

求作为1A X 和2A X 的函数的交换契约曲线方程(7)。

2000一、 说明一次齐次生产函数的利润最大化的解的特征。

(4)二、 再完全替代偏好的情况下,假定商品1和商品2的固定替代比例为2:1。

画出相应的价格提供曲线(即价格-消费曲线)和商品的需求曲线)(111p x x =。

(4)三、 什么是显示偏好弱公理并举一个例子说明对该公理的应用。

(4)四、 简述你对博弈论中“囚徒困境”模型的意义的理解。

(6)五、 什么是福利经济学第一定理和福利经济学第二定理并简述你对这两个定理的含义的理解。

(7)20011.简要论述信息不对称条件下的逆向选择和道德风险问题对市场效率的影响及其应对的对策。

(10)2.区分马歇尔非补偿需求曲线与希克斯补偿需求曲线。

(7)3.已知某垄断厂商面临的需求曲线Q =-,他的短期边际成本函数SMC =。

北京大学经济学院计量经济学考博真题-参考书-导师-笔记-报录比-育明考博

北京大学经济学院计量经济学考博真题-参考书-导师-笔记-报录比-育明考博

育明考博咨询电话400-668-6978QQ:493371626 2015北大考博QQ交流群105619820英语群335488903专业课群157460416北京大学经济学院计量经济学考博真题-参考书-导师-笔记-报录比一、北京大学经济学院考博资讯(一)、初试科目(笔试):(1)外语(2)经济学基础(宏观经济学、微观经济学、马克思主义经济学原理及应用)。

(3)经济计量学(含概率与统计)。

(二)、复试:由各专业组织,具体情况如下:1.复试时间:一般在4月中旬,具体时间以当年的复试通知为准。

2.复试形式及内容:复试形式:口试复试内容:(1)考生自我介绍:学历、工作经历、研究方向、科研成果及其主要成就等;(2)现场回答专业知识;(3)用外语回答有关提问;3.复试时间:约30分钟。

4.复试为差额复试。

初试成绩占录取成绩的70%,复试成绩占录取成绩的30%;复试成绩必须达到60分。

5.复试时请出示有效证件及复试通知书;6.复试时不得迟到,不能携带任何资料。

7.复试成绩按百分制计;分数构成:(1)答题的完整性(要点的全面性):0-30分;(2)答题的深度性(分析的深度、前沿性等):0-20分;(3)知识面的宽度(回答问题时展现出的相关知识):0-10分;(4)答题过程中展现出的逻辑思维能力和反应能力:0-10分;(5)语言表达能力(中文、外语):0-30分。

(三)、参考书计量经济学:对于一般同学:以本科计量经济学为主,有精力可以看高级计量。

主要看本科计量的课件及课后习题,其次看本科教材的课后习题答案,注意本科的计量要求有一定的概率论基础。

然后看高级计量的课件及课后习题,其次看高级计量教材的课后习题答案。

对于时间紧的同学:主要看本科计量的课件及课后习题,其次看本科教材的课后习题答案。

1.北京大学经济学院计量经济学课件、习题及答案(本科的计量经济学)★★★★★2.北京大学经济学院计量经济学教材(本科的计量经济学)★★★★★3.北京大学经济学院计量经济学教材答案(本科的计量经济学)★★★★★4.高级计量经济学教材中、英文版(研究生的计量经济学)5.高级计量经济学教材中、英文版习题答案(研究生的计量经济学)★★★6.高级计量经济学课件(研究生的计量经济学)★★★7.高级计量经济学课后习题及答案(研究生的计量经济学)★★★二、北京大学考博英语内容、题型从13年开始,经院自主命题英语试卷。

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题.doc

北京大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题Part One Listening Comprehension (略)Part Two Structure and Written ExpressionDirections: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably completethe sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)41. The beauty of the reflected images in the limpid pool was the poignant beauty of things thatare__________, existing only until the sunset.A. equitableB. ephemeralC. euphoniousD. evasive42. Brooding and hopelessness are the__________of Indians in the prairie reservations most of thetime.A. occupationsB. promisesC.frustrations D. transactions43. What__________about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed an attitude coolenough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that disaster-stricken family.A. worked me outB. knocked me outC. brought me upD. put me forward44. __________considered the human body aesthetically satisfactory.A. Neither prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manB. Nor prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban manC. No prehistoric cave man nor late-industrial urban manD. Neither prehistoric cave man or late-industrial urban man45. Not until the 1980's__________in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.A. some concerned citizensB. some concerning citizensC. did some concerning citizensD. did some concerned citizens46. The buttocks are__________most other parts in the body.A. likely less to cause fatal damage thanB. likely less causing fatal damage toC. less likely to cause fatal damage thanD. less likey to cause fatal damage to47. The concept of internet,__________has intrigued scientists since the mid-20th century.A. the transmission of images, sounds and messages over distancesB. transmitting of images, sounds and messages along distancesC. to transmit images, sounds and messages on distanceD. the transmissibility of images, sounds and messages for distances48. Because of difficulties in getting a visa, the students had to__________the idea of applyingfor study in the United States.A. reduce B.yield C. relinquish D. waver49. His request for a day off__________by the manager of the company.A. was turned offB. was turned downC. was put downD. was put away50. The index of industrial production__________last year.A. raised up by 4 per centB. rose up with 4 per centC.arose up with 4 per centD. went up by 4 per cent51. Please__________if you ever come to Sydney.A. look at meB. look me upC. look me outD. look to me52. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games s uffered__________yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats.A. a sharp set-backB. severe set-backC. a severe blown-upD. sharp blown-up53. By the end of the year 2004, he__________in the army for 40 years.A. will have servedB. will serveC. will be servingD. will be served54. __________there was an epidemic approaching, Mr. Smith__________the invitation to visit thatarea.A. If he knew, would have declinedB. If he had known, would declineC. Had he known, would declineD. Had he known, would have declined55. In the dark they could not see anything clear, but could__________.A. hear somebody mournB. hear somebody mourningC. hear somebody mournedD. hear somebody had been mourning56. The team leader of mountain climbers marked out__________.A. that seemed to be the best routeB. what seemed to be the best routeC. which seemed to be the best routeD. something that to be the best route57. The scheme was so impracticable that I refused even__________.A. to consider supporting itB. considering to support itC. to considering to support itD. considering supporting it58. Among the first to come and live in North America__________, who later prospered mainly in NewEngland.A. had been Dutch settlersB. Dutch settlers were thereC. were Dutch settlersD. Dutch settlers had been there59. The cargo box has a label__________on it. Please handle it with care.A. “flexible”B.“break” C.“fragile” D. “stiff”60. __________we wish him prosperous, we have objections to his ways of obtaining wealth.A. Much asB. As muchC. More asD. As well asPart Four Cloze TestDirections: Fill in each numbered blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word to complete the passage. Put your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10%)Flowers for the DeadSince flowers symbolize new life, it may seem inappropriate to have them at funerals. Yet peoplein many cultures top coffins or caskets with wreaths and garlands and put blossoms on the gravesof the (76) __________. This custom is part of a widespread, long-lived pattern. Edwin Daniel Wolffspeculated that floral tributes to the dead are an outgrowth of the grave goods of ancient(77)__________. In cultures that firmly believed in an (78)__________, and believed further thatthedeparted could enter that afterlife only (79) __________they took with them indications of theirworldly status, it was a necessity to bury the dead with material goods: hence the wives and animals that were killed to accompany (80)__________rulers, the riches (81)__________with Egyptian pharaohs, and the coins that Europeans used to place on the departed person's eyes as payment for the Stygianferryman. In time, as economy modified tradition, the actual (82)__________goods were replaced(83)__________symbolic representations. In China, for example, gold and silver paper became astand-in (84)__________real money. Eventually even the symbolic significance became obscured. Thus, Wolff said, flowers may be the (85)__________step in “three well-marked stages of offerings to the dead: the actual object, its substitute in various forms, and —finally —mere tributes of respect.”Part Five ProofreadingDirections: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10mistakes, one in each underlined sentence or part of a sentence. You may have to change a word, adda word or just delete a word. If you change a word, cross it out with a slash (\) and write the correct word near it. If you add a word, write the missing word between the words (in brackets) immediatelybefore and after it. If you delete a word, cross it out with a slash (\). Put your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10%)Examples:e.g.1 (86) The meeting begun 2 hours ago.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (86) begun begane.g.2 (87) Scarcely they settled themselves in their seats in the theatre when the curtains wentup.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (87) (Scarcely) had (they)e.g.3 (88) Never will I not do it again.Correction in the ANSWER SHEET: (88) not(86) Homes could start been connected to the Internet through electrical outlets. (87) In this way,consumers and business may find easier to make c heaper telephone calls under new r ules that the Federal Communications Commission began preparing on Thursday. (88) Taking together, the new rules couldprofoundly affect the architecture of the Internet and the services it provides. (89) They also have enormous implications for consumers, the telephone and energy industries, equipment manufacturers. Michael K. Powell, the F. C. C. chairman, and his two Republican colleagues on the five-membercommission said that (90) a 4-to-1 vote on Thursday to allow a small company providingcomputer-to-computer phone connections to operate in different rules from ordinary phonecompanies, would ultimately transform the telecommunications industry and the Internet. (91) “This is a reflecting of the commission's commitment to bring tomorrow's technology to consumers today,” said Mr. Powell. He added that (92)the rules governing the new phone services sought to make themas wide available as e-mail, (93) and possibly much less expensive than traditional phones, and given their lower regulatory costs. At the same time, (94) once while the rules allowing delivery of theInternet through power lines are completed, (95) companies could provide consumers with the abilityto plug their modems directly into wall sockets, just like they do with a toaster, or a desk lamp.Part Six WritingDirections: Write a short composition of about 250 to 300 words on the topic given below. Andwrite the composition on the ANSWER SHEET. (15%)Topic: Epidemic Diseases and Public Health Crises试题详解Part One Listening Comprehension(略)Part Two Structure and Written Expression41. B 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. B 50. D51. B 52. A 53. A 54. D 55. B56. B 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. APart Three Reading ComprehensionⅠ.Passage One61. C 62. C 63. A 64. CPassage Two65. D 66. B 67. APassage Three68. B 69. D 70. BⅡ.(71) If you are seriously ill, it's good for you not to be panic and depressed.(72) Medical researchers, among whom Galen, an ancient Greek doctor, is the first one, have foundout that depression can not only result in other illness but also aggravate existing ones.(73) Once they know what illness they've got, they get worse.(74) For most people, it's difficult to accept the terrible fact and remain sensible, but we shouldat least have confidence in ourselves.(75) Even if you get a HIV diagnosis, it is still possible for you to avoid the outbreak.Part Four Cloze Test(76) dead (77) traditions (78) afterlife (79) if(80) the (81) or(82) grave (83) by (84) for(85)lastPart Five Proofreading(86) been being (87) (finD. it (easier) (88) taking Taken(89) (industries), and (equipment) (90) in under(91) reflecting reflection(92) wide widely (93) and given given (94) while (95) like asPart Six WritingEpidemic Diseases and Public Health CrisesWhen S ARS epidemic swept across China and stirred up even the entire globe last year, people finally came to realize the concept of public health crises, which in reality have already affected our life in various ways. Why didn't we recognize this until our life has been endangered? Surely, epidemicdiseases as a kind of public health crises, have contributed to people's perception of public health crises.Public health itself is not new, but the term ”public health crises “has been fresh for most people in China. It includes not only outbreaks of diseases, but also water erosion, deforestation,desertification and many other problems which mankind as a whole must face. Ever since the industrial revolution and great economic expansion, people's life has been challenged in one way or anotherdue to lots of irresponsible behaviors of mankind. Most of the time, people have accustomed to their ordinary way of life and do not spare time in comprehending the imminent crises.On the other hand, epidemic outbreaks always take on a very severe outlook and thus pose direct dangers to common people. They affect people's daily activities and even their lives, and that is why theycan successfully arouse people's concerns about their own health. To some extent, our awareness ofour dining habits and carelessness in protecting the environment can be attributed to the outbreakof some epidemics, like SARS and bird flu.We s hould all be gratitude for this awareness brought about by some e pidemics. As China and the world's economy continue to expand, governments and people are fully aware that some measures have to betaken to fend off any possible danger to public health.A. is to send them to clinicsB. offers recapture of earlier experiencesC. is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD. is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced47. The child in the nursery__________.A. quickly learns to wait for foodB. doesn't initially sleep and wake at regular intervalsC. always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD. always feels the world around him is warm and friendly48. The encouragement of children to achieve new skills__________.A. can never be taken too farB. should be left to school teachersC. will always assist their developmentD. should be balanced between two extremes49. Jigsaw puzzles are__________.A. too difficult for childrenB. a kind of building-block toyC. not very entertaining for adultsD. suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation50. Parental controls and discipline__________.A. serve a dual purposeB. should be avoided as much as possibleC. reflect the values of the communityD. are designed to promote the child's happinessQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly480, 000 Americanhildren under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiledby researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that m ost of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get older.That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought ofthemselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and whenthe mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.“I think what was surprising was just how lo w the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically.But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We d idn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that,” she says.Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish collegestudents. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrateprimarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those whosee themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study toformulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.51. The best title of this passage is__________.A. Jewish and Non-Jewish in AmericanB. Jewish Identity in AmericaC. Judaism-a Religion?D. College Jewish Students52. Among the freshmen at UCLA__________thought themselves as Jewish.A. mostB. 93% of those whose parents were both JewishC. 62% of those only whose father were JewishD. 15% of those only whose mother were Jewish53. The phrase “interfaith marriage” in the Paragraph 3 refers to the__________.A. marriage of people based on mutual beliefB. marriage of people for the common faithC. marriage of people of different religious faithsD. marriage of people who have faith in each other54. Which of the following statements is NOT true about professor Sax's research?A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will not think themselvesas Jewish.B. The survey was carried out among Jewish Freshmen.C. The research survey didn't find out what and how these Jewish students think about their religion.D. The research presents a new perspective for the future study.55. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?A. Mr. Rubin is the founder of Hillel.B. Mr. Rubin thinks that Judaism is not a religion and it's an experience.C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in the world.D. Hillel has asked certain people to carry out a study about Jewish attitudes towards Judaism.Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee twobasic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity. Olson was an economics professor at the University of Marylanduntil his death in 1998.Some h ave argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, because the people in those countries do nothave secure in dividual rights,” he says.Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly onindividual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often calledcapital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson observes.“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a privateright to that possession against other private parties and against the government as well.”Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will makesure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations arebased on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be ableto make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its loan contracts withborrowers,” Olson writes.Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are theresult of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than lettinga free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he arguesthat government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, thereal problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激,动力)to produce, invest, and engage in mutually advantageous trade, and therefore at least some economic advance,” Olson concludes.56. Which of the following is true about Olson?A. He was a fiction writer.B. He edited the book Power and Prosperity.C. He taught economics at the University of Maryland.D. He was against the ownership of private property.57. Which of the following represents Olson's point or view?A. Protecting individual property rights encourages wealth building.B. Only in wealthy societies do people have secure individual rights.C. Secure individual rights are brought about by the wealth of the society.D. In some countries, people don't have secure individual rights because they're poor.58. What does Olson think about mass production?A. It's capital intensive.B. It's property intensive.C. It relies on individual labor.D. It relies on individual skills.59. What is the basis for the banking system?A. Contract system that can be enforced.B. People's willingness to deposit money in banks.C. The possibility that the bank can make profits from its borrowers.D. The fact that some people have surplus money while some need loans.60. According to Olson, what is the reason for the poor economies of Third World countries?A. government interventionB. lack of secure individual rightsC. being short of capitalD. lack of a free marketPart Ⅳ Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bedand pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and wentto bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have acompanion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there wasa suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like.Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he waswearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did notsay__72__. As I had expected, he did not talk to me either but went to bed immediately.I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night.I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized thata __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, soI got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming fromthe window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the otherbed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that mycompanion__80__through the window into the sea.61. A. reason B.motive C.cause D. sake62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring D. enough tiring63. A. is achieved B. finish C. isover D. is in the end64. A. quite B. rather C.fairly D. somehow65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrivedto D. reached at66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing D. to see67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone D. to be alone68. A. like B. as C. similar than D. the same that69. A. in each place B. for all parts C.somewhere D. anywhere70. A. a so B. so C. sucha D. such71. A. treat together well B. pass together wellC. get on well togetherD. go by well together72. A. him a single word B. him not one wordC. a single word to himD. not one word to him73. A. up me B. upmyself C. up to myself D. myself up74. A. draft B. voice C.air D. sound75. A. to close B. closing C. to have toclose D. for closing76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. inshutting D. but shut77. A. while doing like that B. as I did like thatC. as I did soD. at doing so78. A. It was no one B. There was no oneC. It was anyoneD. There was anyone79. A. remind to lock B. remember to lockC. remind lockingD. remember locking80. A. had to jump B. was to have jumpedC. must have jumpedD. could be jumpedPart Ⅴ Writing (20%)Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be谢谢聆听based on the following outline given in Chinese. Put your composition on the ANSWER SHEET.1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。

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《计量经济学》博士研究生入学试题(A )一、简答题(每题5分,共40分)1、 指出稳健标准误和稳健t 统计量的适用条件。

2、 若回归模型的随机误差项可能存在q (1>q )阶自相关,应采用什么检验?其检验过程和检验统计量是什么?3、 谬误回归的主要症状是什么?检验谬误回归的方法主要有哪些?在回归中使用非平稳的时间序列必定会产生伪回归吗?4、一般的几何滞后分布模型具有形式:()∑∞=-+-+=01i t i t it x y ελβλα, ()0=t E ε,()s t s t ,2,cov δσεε=, 10<<λ 。

如何对这类模型进行估计,才能获得具有较好性质的参数估计量? 5、假定我们要估计一元线性回归模型:t t t x y εβα++=, ()0=t E ε, ()s t s t ,2,cov δσεε=但是担心t x 可能会有测量误差,即实际得到的t x 可能是t t t x x ν+=*,t ν是白噪声。

如果已经知道存在与*t x 相关但与t ε和t ν不相关的工具变量t z ,如何检验t x 是否存在测量误差? 6、考虑一个单变量平稳过程t t t t t x x y y εββαα++++=--110110 (1) 这里,()2,0σεIID t ≅ 以及11<α 。

由于(1)式模型是平稳的,t t x y 和都将达到静态平衡值,即对任何t 有: ()t y E y =* , ()t x E x =* 于是对(1)式两边取期望,就有****+++=x x y y 1010ββαα ( 2) 也就是()***+=-++-=x k k x y 101101011αββαα (3) 这里1k 是*y 关于*x 的长期乘数, 重写(1)式就有:()()t t t t t x x y y εβββαα+++∆+-+=∆--11001101()()t t t t x x k k y εβαα+∆+---+=--01101101 (4) 我们称(4)式为(1)式的误差修正机制(Error-correction Mechanism )表达式(ECM )。

在 (4)式中我们可以发现长期均衡的正、负偏离对短期波动的作用是对称的。

假如这种正、 负偏离对短期波动的作用不是对称的,那么模型应该如何设计与估计?7、检验计量经济模型是否存在异方差,可以用布罗歇—帕甘检验(Breusch Pagan )和怀 特(White )检验,请说明这二种检验的差异和适用性。

8、在模型设定时,如果遗漏重要变量,那么模型中保留下来的变量系数的OLS 估计是无 偏和一致的吗?请举简例说明。

二、综合题(每题15分,共60分)1、为了比较A 、B 和C 三个经济结构相类似的城市由于不同程度地实施了某项经济改革政策后的绩效差异,从这三个城市总计C B A N N N ++个企业中按一定规则随机抽取C B A n n n ++个样本企业,得到这些企业的劳动生产率y 作为被解释变量,如果没有其它可获得的数据作为解释变量,并且A 城市全面实施这项经济改革政策,B 城市部分实施这项经济改革政策,C 城市没有实施这项经济改革政策。

如何建立计量经济模型检验A 、B 和C 这三个城市之间由于不同程度实施某项经济改革政策后存在的绩效差异?2、用观测值201,,y y 和2010,,,x x x 估计模型t t t t e x x y +++=-110ββα得到的OLS 估计值为()23.20.5ˆ=α ()21.28.0ˆ0=β ()86.13.0ˆ1=β 86.02=R 和 25ˆ2=σ括号内为t 统计量。

由于1ˆβ的t 值较小,去掉滞后回归自变量1-t x 重新估计模型,这时,R 2为多少?3、对线性回归模型:'i i i y x βε=+ , (n i ,,2,1 =) ------------ (1)满足 0≠i i Ex ε。

假定 i z 可以作为i x 合适的工具变量,且2(|)Var Z I εσ=,请导出工具变量估计量,并给出它的极限分布。

4、考虑如下受限因变量问题:1)、二元离散选择模型中的Logit 模型,在给定i x ,N i ,,2,1 =条件之下1=i y 的条件概率为:{}()()exp Pr 1|1exp i i i i i x p y x x ββ'==='+在重复观测不可得的情况下,运用极大似然估计方法证明:11ˆN Ni ii i py ===∑∑其中,()121,,,,i i i ip x x x x '= ,()()ββˆexp 1ˆexp ˆi i i x x p '+'= 。

2)、为什么利用观测所获得的正的数据*i y 来估计Tobit 模型是不合理的?3)、对Tobit 模型: i i i x y εβ+'=*,n i ,,2,1 =以及i ε服从正态()2,0σN 分布,0,>=**i i i y y y 若; 0,0≤=*i i y y 若 ;求:(1)、()0>*i i y y E ;(2)、对重复观测不可得的情况详细说明Heckman 提出的模型估计方法。

《计量经济学》博士研究生入学试题(B )一、简答题(每题5分,共40分)1、 说明随机游动过程和单位根过程的联系与差异?如何检验某个经济变量具有单位根?2、 协积的概念是什么?如何检验两个序列是协积的?3、在二元离散选择的模型中解释变量ik x 变化作用的符号与其系数k β的符号有什么关系?为什么? 至少写出二点关于Tobit 模型与二元离散选择的模型的区别?4、海德拉斯(Hildreth )和卢(Lu )(1960) 检查分析了30个月度的时间序列观测数据(从1951年3月到1953年7月),定义了如下变量: cons = 每人冰激凌的消费量(按品脱计) income = 每周平均的家庭收入(按美元计) price = 每品脱冰激凌的价格(按美元计) temp = 平均气温(°F )1)、用cons 对income ,price ,tem 和常数作线性回归模型,得到DW 统计量的数值为1.0212,请说明模型存在什么病态? 2)、上述模型中加入平均气温的一阶滞后项tem(-1),得到5822.1=DW ,并且该项的系数估计为负,请说明加入该项的作用以及系数为负的经济含义。

3)、请写出2)中模型的另一种表达式,说明该表达式中变量系数的符号,解释符号的经济意义。

5、说明2R 和调整的2R 之间的差异,为什么在多变量线性回归模型的拟合评价中人们主要用2R ,而不是一般的决定系数2R 呢?6、 对于一种简化的异方差模型,即假定:{}22/i i i h x Var σε=,这里假定i h 可以被ih ˆ估计 的。

那么关于参数β的可行的广义最小二乘估计(FGLS )量如何得到?它是否还具有广义最小二乘估计的优良性质?7、在美国有人对密歇根的Ann Arbor 的大学生进行调查,认为男生和女生对空间(用ROOMPER 度量)和距学校的距离(用DIST 度量)具有不同的观点。

试问如何利用租金(用RENT 度量)数据对下述模型:())(()1234RENT SEX ROOM PER DIST ββββε=++++用F 检验法检验假设()()Var Var εε>女男?注:SEX 为虚拟变量 ——(1;如果是女生; 0;如果是男生)。

8、为了研究美国住房需求情况,我们利用对3120个家庭调查的截面资料资料,对以下回归模型:εβββ+++=Y P Q log log log 321其中 Q=3120个家庭中的任何一个家庭每年所需要的住房面积平方英尺数;P=家庭所在地住房的价格; Y=家庭收入。

假设我们认为住房需求由两个方程组成,一个描述黑人的住房需求,另一个描述白人的住房需求,这个模型可以写成:εβββ+++=Y P Q log log log 321 ;白人家庭 εγγγ+++=Y P Q log log log 321 ;黑人家庭我们希望对黑人需求方程的系数等于白人需求方程的系数的原假设进行检验。

这个假设是联合假设: 11γβ= 22γβ= 33γβ=为了对上述假设进行检验,我们首先对上述模型进行估计,并将每个方程的误差平方和相加,得到13640=U R ESS 。

现在,假设原假设为真,则模型简化为 εβββ+++=Y P Q log log log 321 所有家庭对这个模型进行估计,得到它的误差平方和13838=R ESS 。

我们能否认为系数全相等是正确的?二、综合题(每题15分,共60分)1、假定模型的矩阵形式为:εβ+=X y ,其中()0=εE , ()0='εX E ;1)、假定()T I E 2σεε=',求在r R =β条件下,参数β的最小二乘估计量。

2)、假定()T I E 2σεε='且ε是正态向量()T I N 2,0σ,构造检验原假设0H :r R =β[)(R rank q =] 的检验统计量,并说明该检验统计量服从F 分布。

3)、如何判断参数线性约束条件是否成立,请做说明。

4)、证明:对模型显著性检验的统计量()()1122---=k T R k R F ,请说明原假设是什么?其中,2R 是模型 εβ+=X y 在无约束条件下作OLS 估计所得到的拟合优度。

2、对线性回归模型:y X βε=+, 其中随机误差向量ε满足高斯-马尔可夫条件。

1)、 定义最小二乘估计量b .2)、 如果X 的第一列每个元素都是1, 证明最小二乘残差和为零,即0ie=∑。

3)、 令121212(',')',(',')',K K Rb b b βββ+=∈= 和 12(,),X X X = 推导1b 和 2b 的表达式。

4)、 如果2'E εεσ=Ω 与单位矩阵不成比例,试推出b 和ˆβ(GLS)方差形式。

3、假设年轻男性职员与年轻女性职员的工资之间存在着恒定的差别,为检验年轻男性职员与年轻女性职员受教育的回报是否相同以及方便起见,在模型中只包含受教育水平和性别二个定性的解释变量。

试设计模型既能体现存在恒定的工资差别,又能反映存在受教育回报上的差别,并对模型参数的估计及其所蕴涵的意义进行讨论。

4、投资学说中的资本存量调整原理认为人们根据最近的市场需求情况预期当前的需求量*t Y ,然后根据生产技术关系确定最合适的资本存量*t K 为:v K t =**t Y ,从而得到必要的净投资量1-**-=t t t K I NI δ。

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