人教版必修三Unit 4 词汇要点总结

Book 3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the Stars 导学案1. (阅读词汇) solar [‘səulə] adj. 太阳的；日光的➢联想：lunar [ˈluːnə(r)] adj. 月球的；月亮的2. (阅读词汇) system [‘sistəm] n. 系统；体系；制度➢solar system 太阳系➢solar energy 太阳能➢The new system of the computer is still under test, not ready to be used. 这套电脑的新系统还在测试，还未准备好使用。

3. (词汇变形) religion [ri‘lidʒn] n. 宗教– religious [ri‘lidʒəs] adj. 宗教的➢religious belief 宗教信仰➢have belief / faith in religion 有宗教信仰4. (阅读词汇) theory [‘θiəri] n. 理论➢the Big Bang theory 宇宙大爆炸理论➢the theory of everything 万物理论➢in theory 理论上: Your plan sounds fine in theory, but does it work in reality? 你的计划理论上挺好的，但实际上可行吗？(in reality 实际上)5. (阅读词汇) billion [‘biliən] pron. & n. & adj. 十亿➢billions of …数十亿的…➢联想：ten 十；tens of …几十个…➢hundred 百；hundreds of …数百个…➢thousand 千；thousands of …数千个…➢million 百万；millions of …数百万…6. (词汇变形) globe [gləub] n. 球体；地球仪；地球– global [‘gləubl] adj. 全球的；全世界的- globalization [,gləubəlai‘zeiʃn] n. 全球化➢global warming 全球性变暖7. (词汇变形) violence [‘vaiələns] n. 暴力– violent [‘vaiələnt] adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的– violently adv. 猛烈地；暴力地➢answer violence with violence 以暴制暴➢The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球的动荡如此剧烈，以至于(当时)不清楚它的形状是否会固定下来。

➢The building was violently attacked. 这幢建筑物被暴力地袭击。

8. (写作短语) in time 及时；终于➢The explosion was in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and so on. 这次爆炸及时制造了二氧化碳，氮气，水蒸气还有其他。

➢I was worried about being late, but finally I made it in time. 我担心迟到，但最终及时赶到。

➢对比：on time 准时：High-speed trains are famous for being on time. 高速动车以准时出名。

9. (阅读词汇) dioxide [dai‘ɔksaid] n. 二氧化物➢carbon dioxide 二氧化碳➢ a low-carbon life 低碳生活10. (阅读词汇) atmosphere [‘ætməsfiə] n. 大气层；气氛➢All the gases make the earth’s atmosphere. 所有的气体构成了地球的大气层。

➢He told a joke to lighten the atmosphere of the meeting. 他讲了个笑话，缓和会议的气氛。

11. (词汇变形) like prep. 像– unlike prep. 不像➢Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. 水也在其他星球出现过，像火星；但不像地球，水在其他星球消失了。

➢I like my brother, but we are unlike each other. 我喜欢我弟弟，但我们完全不像。

➢联系：like vt. 喜欢– dislike vt. 不喜欢➢对比：I have a brother, and we dislike each other.12. (阅读词汇) fundamental [,fʌndə’mentl] adj. 基本的，基础的n. 基本原则➢Housing is a fundamental. 居住是一个基本问题。

➢ A is fundamental to B A对B而言是基本的➢Water was fundamental to the development of life. 水将对生命的发展起基本作用。

➢联想：basic [‘beisik] adj. 基本的，基础的13. (重难点词汇) present [‘prezənt] adj. 出席的，现在的– presence [‘prezəns] n. 出席，到场，存在➢be present 到场，出席：Good morning, sir. Everyone is present. 老师早上好。

每个人都到场了。

➢Everyone should be present at the meeting tomorrow. 每个人都要出席明天的会议。

➢Scientists believe that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 科学家相信，水的持续出现允许地球溶解有害的气体和酸到海洋里。

14. (词汇变形) harm [ha:m] vt. & n. 破坏–harmful [‘ha:mfl] adj. 有害的–harmless [‘ha:mlis] adj. 无害的➢重点短语do harm to sth.：We should stop doing harm to the habitat of animals. 我们应该停止破坏动物的栖息地。

➢ a harmful material 有害物质➢This kind of material is harmless to the environment. 这种物质对环境无害。

➢[重点用法]➢be harmful to sb./sth. 对……有害➢do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对……15. (阅读词汇) reaction [ri‘ækʃn] n. 反应➢chain reaction 连锁反应16. (阅读词汇) lay eggs 下蛋➢(重点词汇辨析) lie vi. 撒谎；lie vi. 躺着；lay vt. 放(laid, laid, laying) ➢lie – lied – lied vi. 撒谎：lie to sb. 对某人撒谎➢lie – lay – lain vi. 躺着：He lay on the ground, thinking about his problem. 他躺在床上，反思着他的问题。

➢lay – laid – laid vt. 放着：He laid his book on the shelf. 他把书放在架子上。

17. (词汇变形) exist [ig‘zist] vi. 存在– existence [ig‘zistəns] n. 存在➢The dinosaurs existed on earth millions of years ago. 恐龙数亿年前在地球存活。

➢There exist some problems we haven’t noticed before. 存在一些我们以前没留意到的问题。

➢exist to do …存在的意义是为了：The dustbin exists to sort out and recycle the garbage. 这个垃圾桶是为了分类垃圾和循环利用垃圾。

➢The existence of air and water made it possible for humans to live. 空气和水的存在使人类的生存成为可能。

18. (阅读词汇) in one’s turn 轮到某人➢After the dinosaurs died out, human beings, in their return, became the most important animals on the earth. 在恐龙灭绝后，轮到人类成为了地球上最重要的生物。

➢(阅读词汇) take turns to do …轮流做某事：We take turns to clean the classroom. 我们轮流打扫教室。

➢(写作词汇) It’s one’s turn to do …轮到某人做某事：Hey, it’s your turn to clean the classroom. 嘿，轮到你们打扫教室了。

19. (写作词汇) prevent [pri‘vent] sb. (from) doing …阻止某人做某事➢prevent the earth from getting warmer 阻止地球变暖➢Humans are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 人类释放了太多的二氧化碳进入大气层，这阻止了热量从地球逃离至外太空。

➢被动语态：sb. be prevented from doing …: Everyone was prevented from entering the building. 每个人都被阻止进入这幢建筑物。