八年级英语下册语法部分

④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“ Tell (ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.”句型 。 如：
1."Don't make any noise," the teacher said to the students. →She told (ordered) the students not to make any noi se. 2.“Open the door, please," said she. →She asked him to open the door.
变为间接引语时，时态不变。如： Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980." →Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或 习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如： He said, “I get up at six every morning。” →He said he gets up at six every morning.
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”
→Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的 主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中 的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的 主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
： He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?” →He asked Kate how her sister was then。
"Do you go to school by bus or by bike?" →He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike. ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑
问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。 She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?” → She asked me when they had their dinner. She asked me, "What was Jack doing when I come in?” →She asked me what Jack was doing when she came in.
直接引语变间接引语面面观
一、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。 “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语 是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中 主语的人称变化如： She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” →She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her.
四、如何变句型： ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导 的宾语从句。 She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句， 间接引语应改为由 whether或if引导的宾语从句. He said, "Can you swim, John?“ →He asked John if he could swim.
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果 从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰
从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.” →Mr Smith said Jack was a good boy.
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
→She said she was reading a book. 注意：以下几种情况时态 不变
①直接引语是客观真理。 The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .”
→ The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间 接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）” 如： He said, "Let's go to the movies."
→He suggested going to the movies. 或He suggested that they should go to see the movies.
Peter said. "You had better come here today." →Peter said I had better go there that day.
强化安全责任意识
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三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，
时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”
（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before today变为 that day
He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ” → He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再 变
（例：could, should, would, might） The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.”
→ The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.” 和已经是过去时的形式时， 例： ought to， had better, used to
TomБайду номын сангаасsaid, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.” → Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.
二、如何变时态：
3) 现在进行时→过去进行时； She said ,“I am reading a book.”
here 变 there The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.”
→The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”
例：this 改为that He said, "This books is mine.“ →He said that book was his.
1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态； She said: “ I am a student. ”