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呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
医学英语呼吸系统课件
Respiratory system 呼吸系 统
Inhalation 吸入
Exhalation 呼
Breathing 呼吸
与呼吸系统疾病相关的医学英语词汇
Pneumonia 肺炎 Asthma 哮喘
Emphysema 肺气肿
与呼吸系统疾病相关的医学英语词汇
01
Tuberculosis 肺结核
02
肺移植
用于治疗终末期肺疾病，移植肺来源于捐献者。
其他治疗方法
机械通气
01
通过机械装置辅助呼吸，适用于重症呼吸衰竭等患者。
氧疗
02
通过吸氧等方式提高血氧饱和度，适用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病等
患者。
雾化吸入
03
将药物雾化成微小颗粒，通过吸入方式作用于呼吸道，常用的
有吸入性糖皮质激素等。
06
呼吸系统保健预防
肺换气
通过肺泡和毛细血管之间的气体交 换将氧气和二氧化碳从外部环境运 输到血液和从血液运输到外部环境 的过程。
气体交换
氧气交换
氧气从空气中进入血液并 从血液中排出，与血红蛋 白结合并被运输到身体的 各个部分。
二氧化碳交换
二氧化碳从血液中进入空 气并从空气中排出，通过 呼吸运动排出体外。
肺泡通气量
肺泡通气量是指每分钟吸 入肺泡的新鲜空气量，是 衡量呼吸系统功能的重要 指标之一。
Lung cancer 肺癌
03
Cystic fibrosis 囊性纤维化
04
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency α-1 抗胰蛋白酶缺乏症
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医学英语呼吸系统课件
喉是呼吸和发音的重要器官，它连接口腔和气管，在吞咽时 防止食物进入气管。
气管和支气管
气管是呼吸系统的主干道，连接喉和支气管，传输气体。 支气管是气管的分支，将氧气和二氧化碳带入肺部进行气体交换。
肺
肺是呼吸系统的核心器官，负责进行气体交换，将氧气和二 氧化碳从血液中传送到肺部。
肺由许多肺泡组成，这些肺泡与细支气管相连，形成肺的通 气和换气功能。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗主要包括药物治疗 、氧疗、康复训练等，药物治疗主要包括支 气管舒张剂、糖皮质激素等。
肺癌
定义
肺癌是一种发生在肺部的恶性肿瘤 ，通常与吸烟和环境污染有关。
症状
肺癌患者可能出现咳嗽、ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ痰、胸 痛、发热等症状，随着病情发展可 能出现转移症状。
诊断
肺癌的诊断通常需要进行病理活检 ，根据肿瘤的分期和病理类型制定 治疗方案。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病
定义
症状
慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种气流受限性疾病， 通常由吸烟引起，表现为持续性咳嗽、咳痰 和呼吸困难。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者通常出现持续性咳嗽 、咳痰和呼吸困难，且症状在早上起床后最 严重。
诊断
治疗
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊断通常基于症状、体 征和肺功能检查，需要与哮喘和其他慢性呼 吸系统疾病进行鉴别诊断。
医学英语呼吸系统课件
xx年xx月xx日
contents
目录
• 引言 • 呼吸系统的组成 • 呼吸系统的功能 • 呼吸系统疾病 • 呼吸系统的检查方法 • 治疗呼吸系统疾病的方法
01
引言
目的和背景
医学英语课程旨在培养医学生专业英语应用能力，提高医学 文献阅读、翻译和撰写水平，为今后学术研究及临床工作打 下基础。
气管和支气管
气管是呼吸系统的主干道，连接喉和支气管，传输气体。 支气管是气管的分支，将氧气和二氧化碳带入肺部进行气体交换。
肺
肺是呼吸系统的核心器官，负责进行气体交换，将氧气和二 氧化碳从血液中传送到肺部。
肺由许多肺泡组成，这些肺泡与细支气管相连，形成肺的通 气和换气功能。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的治疗主要包括药物治疗 、氧疗、康复训练等，药物治疗主要包括支 气管舒张剂、糖皮质激素等。
肺癌
定义
肺癌是一种发生在肺部的恶性肿瘤 ，通常与吸烟和环境污染有关。
症状
肺癌患者可能出现咳嗽、ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ痰、胸 痛、发热等症状，随着病情发展可 能出现转移症状。
诊断
肺癌的诊断通常需要进行病理活检 ，根据肿瘤的分期和病理类型制定 治疗方案。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病
定义
症状
慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一种气流受限性疾病， 通常由吸烟引起，表现为持续性咳嗽、咳痰 和呼吸困难。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者通常出现持续性咳嗽 、咳痰和呼吸困难，且症状在早上起床后最 严重。
诊断
治疗
慢性阻塞性肺疾病的诊断通常基于症状、体 征和肺功能检查，需要与哮喘和其他慢性呼 吸系统疾病进行鉴别诊断。
医学英语呼吸系统课件
xx年xx月xx日
contents
目录
• 引言 • 呼吸系统的组成 • 呼吸系统的功能 • 呼吸系统疾病 • 呼吸系统的检查方法 • 治疗呼吸系统疾病的方法
01
引言
目的和背景
医学英语课程旨在培养医学生专业英语应用能力，提高医学 文献阅读、翻译和撰写水平，为今后学术研究及临床工作打 下基础。
双语医学课件1-呼吸系统Pulmonary System
Conducting airways 传导气道 The upper airway (naopharynx, oropharynx) 1. be lined with ciliated mucosa (纤毛黏膜) 2. function: warms and humidifies inspired air removes foreign particles The mouth and oropharynx are also used for ventilation
GasExchange Airways 换气道
L. 112-114 被称作肺泡间孔的的小通道使得空气 从肺泡到肺泡穿过间隔。在截面，肺 泡看似普通的海绵。
Alveolar septa (肺泡隔）
GasExchange Airways 换气道
epithelial layer(上皮层） basement membrane (基膜） Two major ypes of epithelial cells in the alveolus Type I alveolar cells Type II alveolar cells
Mediastinum
Lobes of Lung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Left Upper Lobe Left Lower Lobe Right Upper Lobe Right Middle Lobe Right Lower Lobe
A passage (for the movement of air into and out of the gas-exchange portions of the lung).
exocrine gland (外分泌腺). goblet cells (杯状细胞)
GasExchange Airways 换气道
L. 112-114 被称作肺泡间孔的的小通道使得空气 从肺泡到肺泡穿过间隔。在截面，肺 泡看似普通的海绵。
Alveolar septa (肺泡隔）
GasExchange Airways 换气道
epithelial layer(上皮层） basement membrane (基膜） Two major ypes of epithelial cells in the alveolus Type I alveolar cells Type II alveolar cells
Mediastinum
Lobes of Lung
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Left Upper Lobe Left Lower Lobe Right Upper Lobe Right Middle Lobe Right Lower Lobe
A passage (for the movement of air into and out of the gas-exchange portions of the lung).
exocrine gland (外分泌腺). goblet cells (杯状细胞)
呼吸系统(中英文)PPT课件
呼吸困难 labored breathing (hypoventilation) 右心衰 right-sided heart failure (cor pulmonale)
Treatment
不能根治 控制症状
No cure relieving
symptoms
防止并发症 preventing complications
小细支气管炎
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Clinical features
支气管粘膜炎症、粘液分泌旺盛
咳痰
支气管痉挛，渗出物阻塞
喘
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
晚期表现 Late stage menifestation
血氧饱和度低 insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia)
肺间质、肺泡间隔 ：cap. , f, Mφ
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善 Histology of the Airways
Components Functions
Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscles
Cartilage 病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells
Treatment
不能根治 控制症状
No cure relieving
symptoms
防止并发症 preventing complications
小细支气管炎
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Clinical features
支气管粘膜炎症、粘液分泌旺盛
咳痰
支气管痉挛，渗出物阻塞
喘
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
晚期表现 Late stage menifestation
血氧饱和度低 insufficient oxygenation of blood (hypoxemia)
肺间质、肺泡间隔 ：cap. , f, Mφ
病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善 Histology of the Airways
Components Functions
Bronchi are distinguished from bronchioles primarily by the presence of cartilage in their walls. Bronchioles also lack submucosal glands.
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscles
Cartilage 病理学 Pathology
NMU博学至精 明德至善
Epithelium
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells Mucous (goblet) cells
医学英语【呼吸系统】SARS精品PPT课件
Pathogenesis Mechanism
of SARS
The virus infects resident, infiltrating （浸润）, and circulating immune cells. The circulating immune cells carry the virus to other organs. The virus infects and damages the immune cells of the spleen, peripheral and central lymph nodes, and other lymphoid tissues.
In Байду номын сангаасhe fight against SARS
Do we really know about
SARS?
The Target Organ of SARS?
Lungs?
Patients’ evidence of other organ dysfunction
Gastrointestinal symptoms
widesApbrenaodrmiaml lmiveurnfounpcattiohnology（免疫病理学） or the presence of extrapulmonary（肺外的） SARS-Scpolernoicnaatvroirpuhsy（冠状病毒） dissemlypinhaadtieonno（pa传thy染. ） and replication
Pathogenesis Mechanism
of SARS
The SARS virus enters the body through the respiratory tract and first infects the epithelial cells of the trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and lungs
呼吸系统-英文版-PPT
and lungs
Function
Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
大家好
3
The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
Function
Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
大家好
3
The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
医学英语 呼吸系统
Breathing is the exchange of gases between the cells of an organism and the external environment. The process of taking air into the lungs is called inspiration, or inhalation. The process of breathing air out is called expiration, or exhalation.
The process of breathing
The lungs, the diaphragm, the ribs and intercostal muscles, and the pleural membranes interact to perform the process of inhalation and exhalation. This process is controlled by the breathing center in the medulla oblongata延髓 which responds to the levels of carbon dioxide and hydrogen ion (acid) in the blood.
Influenza, flu
A highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by influenza or parainfluenza viruses. chills, headache, muscle aches, fatigue loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Bird flu, swine flu
医学英语 呼吸系统
structures of the res. tract
nose mouth
3
pharynx, throat
larynx 4
5
trachea
lung
6
right bronchus 7
8 left bronchus
9
bronchiole alveoli
diaphragm
11
10
Question
What symptoms and signs do you know due to the res. system diseases?
The Respiratory System
Accessory structures:
Diaphragm膈: The main muscle used for breathing; separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Diaphragmatic muscles膈肌 Mediastinum纵隔: Consists of the space between the lungs together with the organs contained in this space, including trachea, heart, esophagus, large vessels, and other tissues.
Symptoms and signs of respiratory system diseases:
a runny nose流鼻涕 a stuffy nose鼻塞 cough咳嗽, a dry cough干咳, a productive cough 有痰咳嗽 Sputum 痰 sore throat 喉咙痛 cyanosis 紫绀 nasal flaring 鼻翼扇动 recession or retraction at suprasternal, intercostal and supraclavicular areas三凹征 dyspnea呼吸困难, tachypnea呼吸增快,apnea呼吸 暂停 rale湿啰音, fine rales细湿啰音, coarse rales粗湿啰 音, wheeze / rhonchi哮鸣音
呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述(英文版)PPT课件( 81页)
respiratory distress
nasal flaring, retractions,cyonosis
rales
Severe symptomatic
Clinical manifestation
Cardiac muscle inflammation
circular system symptom
Drugs Physics methods
Febril convulsion
Calm Stop convulsion Defervesce
肺炎
Pneumonia
Pneumonia
In world,Occupy 1/3-1/4 in the death of children under
5 years of age
on typical of clinical manifestation
Typical pneumon来自auntypical pneumonia Severe acute respiratory syndrome,
(SARS) coronavirus
Classification 6
On Occurrence
The children’s repertory ability is low. The children’s local immunity is low.
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory rate
Neonate <1year 2-3years 4-7years 8-14years
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the parenchyma of the lungs
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精心整理
2
The Lung:
Exchange of gases between the atmosphere and
the blood takes place in the lungs, two cone-shaped
organs located in the thoracic cavity. A double
精心整理
5
Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs
The pharynx conducts air into the trachea, a tube
reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage(软骨) to prevent its
精心整理
4
Inhaled air passes into the throat, or pharynx(咽), where it mixes with air that enters through the mouth and also with food destined for the digestive tract. The pharynx is divided into three regions: (1) an upper portion, the nasopharynx(鼻咽), behind the nasal cavity;(2) a middle portion, the oropharynx(口咽), behind the mouth; and (3) a lower portion, the laryngeal pharynx(喉咽), behind the larynx. The palatine tonsils(腭 扁桃体) are on either side of the soft palate(软腭) in the oropharynx; the pharyngeal tonsils, or adenoids(咽扁桃体 ), are in the nasopharynx.
精心整理
3
Upper Respiratory Passageway：
Air enters through the nose, where it is warmed, filtered, and moistened as it passes over the haircovered mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. Cilia(纤毛), microscopic hair-like projections from the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination. Material that is eliminated from the respiratory tract by coughing ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱr clearing the throat is called sputum(痰).
small leaf-shaped cartilage at the top of the larynx is called
Medical Terminology（3）
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室（综合楼110）
精心整理
1
Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.
attached to the surface of the lungs is the visceral
pleura(胸膜脏层). The very thin, fluid-filled
space between the two layers of the pleura is the
pleural space(胸膜腔).
nine cartilages, the most prominent of which is the thyroid
cartilage at the front that forms the “Adam’s apple.” The
opening between the vocal cords is the glottis(声门). The
membrane, the pleura(胸膜), covers the lungs and
lines the thoracic cavity. The outer layer that is
attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity is the
parietal pleura(胸膜壁层); the inner layer that is
collapse. Cilia in the lining of the trachea move impurities up
toward the throat, where they can be eliminated by
swallowing or by expectoration(咳痰). The larynx is shaped by