词汇与语法结构(一)
大学英语辅导-词汇与语法结构

• 3. 当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, nobody, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody,用 作主语或主语限定词时,其相应的代词一般用单数形 式。
• 4. 当everything, anything, something, nothing等用 作主语时,句中相应的代词一般只按语法一致的原则 ,用单数形式。
from 1981 to 1985。 • by 表示“到某时止”,“在某时之前”。如:by the end of this
month。
• B.表示地点的介词
• 1. in, at
• in 表示教大的地方或场所,at表示教小的地方 或场所。如:in London, at the airport等。
• 2. to, towards, for
• A. keep
B. take
• C. change
D. give
• Spring up 出现
• Take one’s place取代
•B
• Change vi
• Change into
Vocabulary and Structure :
(一)词法(包括名词、动词、形容 词和副词、代词、冠词、连词、数词、 介词)
• 2.一般过去时态
• 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,常 与过去特定的时间状语连用;或表示过去某一 段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作,可与表示 频度的时间副词连用。形式为: V-ed。例如:
• I bought this computer five years ago. 五年 前我买了这太电脑。
词汇与语法结构—名词+冠词+代词

(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计
算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
名词分类表
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复
但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters
1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,
6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特 别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域, fishes(各种)鱼
1.4 不可数名词量的表示
1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。
比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)
数时,直接加s变复数:
如: two Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较: 层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories
2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos piano---pianos radio---radios zoo---zoos; b. 加es,如:heroes; negroes; potato—potatoes;
词汇与语法

宾语:句子中表示动作、行 为的对象或结果的部分
补语:句子中补充说明宾语 或主语的部分,通常表示动
作的方式、时间、地点等
状语:修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分,表示时间、地点、方式等 定语:修饰名词或代词,表示品质、特征、所属等 状语和定语在句子中起到描述和限定的作用 正确使用状语和定语可以提高语言表达的准确性和丰富性
主语、谓语、宾语是句子的主要成分 定语、状语、补语是句子的次要成分 句子成分的顺序是主语、谓语、宾语,然后是定语、状语、补语 句子成分的顺序是遵循一定的规则和习惯的
并列复合句:由两个或两个以上的简单句并列组成,表达相对独立的含义。 主从复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,从句在句中充当主句的一个成分。 嵌套复合句:一个复合句中包含另一个复合句,形成嵌套结构。 包孕复合句:一个复合句包含另一个简单句,形成包孕结构。
练习建议:多阅读,多写作, 提高语言运用能力
缺少主语或 谓语
句子成分多 余或残缺
语序不当 句式杂糅
词汇选择:根据语境选择合适 的词汇,表达准确含义
语法结构:运用正确的语法结 构,使句子通顺流畅
词汇丰富度:使用多样化的词 汇,增加语言表达的丰富性
语法准确性:确保语法正确, 避免产生歧义或误解
理解句子含义:通过词汇和语法 的组合,理解句子的具体含义。
添加标题 添加标题 添加标题 添加标题
定义:主语和谓语在人称、数、格等方面不一致的语法错误。
常见类型:主语是复数形式,谓语却是单数形式;主语是单数形式,谓 语却是复数形式。
纠正方法:检查主谓是否一致,确保在语法和语义上都符合规范。
示例:正确的句子:“The books are on the shelf.”(书在架子上。) 错误的句子:“The book is on the shelf.”(书在架子上。)
学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)

学位英语考试真题及答案解析(一)一、词汇与语法结构A) I am looking forward to _______ with you next week.A) meet B) meeting C) meets D) to meet答案:B解析:本题考查的是动词的用法。
动词短语“look forward to”后面应该跟动名词形式,因此选项B“meeting”是正确的。
A) _______ is important to learn a foreign language.A) Practice B) Practicing C) Practices D) Practiced答案:A解析:本题考查的是主语和谓语动词的一致性。
主语“Practice”是名词,因此谓语动词应该用单数形式,选项A“Practice”是正确的。
A) _______ he said, I don't believe him.A) Although B) However C) Whatever D) No matter what答案:C解析:本题考查的是连词的用法。
根据句意,我们需要一个表示“无论他说什么”的连词,因此选项C“Whatever”是正确的。
二、阅读理解阅读下面的短文,然后回答问题。
One of the major risks of the Internet is the issue of privacy. With the amount of personal information we share online, there is a possibility that our data could be misusedor stolen. It is important for us to be cautious and take necessary measures to protect our privacy.Another challenge is the spread of misinformation. The Internet allows anyone to publish information, which meansthat not all of it is reliable or accurate. It is crucial for us to develop critical thinking skills and verify the sources of information before accepting it as true.In conclusion, while the Internet has its risks and challenges, it is an indispensable tool in our modern society. By being aware of these risks and taking necessary precautions, we can fully enjoy the benefits it offers.A) The Internet has only brought disadvantages to our lives.B) It is not important to protect our privacy online.D) The Internet has provided us with a vast amount of information.答案:D解析:根据短文一段的内容,我们可以得知选项D是正确的,因为短文提到互联网为我们提供了大量的信息。
人教版高一英语必修一unit第1次课词汇与语法讲义

高一英语上第1次课教学目标:1.掌握unit1重点词组及词汇2.掌握直接引语变间接引语(一)3.综合训练—阅读理解一、词汇记忆①单词听写:1. upset 不安的2. loose 松的,松开的3. thunder 雷声,打雷4. power 能力,能量,权利5. dusty 积满灰尘的6. settle 安家,定居,使定居7. highway 公路,大路8. pack 捆扎,包装,打包行李9. overcoat 大衣,外套10. exactly 确实如此,正是11. grateful 感激的,表示感谢的12. tip 提示;技巧;小费②词组听写:1. add up 合计2. be concerned about 关心,挂念3. a series of 一连串,一系列,一套4. at dusk 在黄昏时刻5. no longer /not…any more 不再…6. get/be tired of 对……厌烦7. fall in love with 相爱,爱上8. calm……down 使平静下来9. go through 经历,经受10. on purpose 故意11. face to face 面对面地12. set down 记下,放下13. in order to 为了……14. suffer from 遭受,患病15. join in 参加,加入16. get along with 与……相处,进展二、直接引语和间接引语(一)复习宾语从句宾语从句三要素:语序、连接词、时态。
1、语序:陈述句语序2、连接词:①陈述句用that引导;②一般疑问句用if/whether引导;③特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词引导3、时态:①主句用过去时,从句用与过去相对应的时态;②主句是一般现在时,从句可根据实际情况用任何时态;③表示客观真理时用一般现在时;(二)直接引语和间接引语的概念:当我们用引号引出别人的原话时,被引用的部分称为直接引语,如:The boy said ,"I can speak English very well.”当我们间接地把别人的意思转述出来时,被转述的部分称为间接引语,如:Mary said that Tom had worked there before.由宾语从句我们知道,直接引语转为间接引语之后即为一个宾语从句,因此,直接引语变为间接引语时,人称、时态、引导词、状语和语序都会发生变化。
语法(词汇与结构)

3.构成特定意义的前缀(续3) mal- 不良的 malfunction (故障) man- 人的 man-made (人造的) mid- 中间的 midday (正午) milli- 千分之一的 millimeter (毫米) mini- 微小的 minibus (小巴) mis- 错误的 misunderstand (误解) over- 过于 overheated (过热的) post- 之后的 postwar (战后) pre- 之前的 pre-heat (预热) pro- 支持…,亲…的 pro-government (亲政府的)
2.构成形容词的后缀(2) -less endless -like childlike -ly friendly -ous nervous -some troublesome -wide worldwide -worthy trustworthy -y windy -fold twofold -free tax-free -made man-made -minded open-minded -most foremost -ological biological -poor resource-poor -proof water-proof -rich carbon-rich -side bedside -sized postcard-sized -ular triangular
3.构成特定意义的前缀(续2) full- 完全 full-speed (全速) full- 全部,整个 full-year (整年) half- 半 half-asleep (半睡的) hand- 手工的 hand-made (手工制作的) hydro- 水力的 hydro-electric (水电的) ill- 不好的 ill-tempered (坏脾气的) ill- 不适宜的 ill-chosen (选错的) inter- 之间的 international (国际的) inter- 相互的 interchange (互换) kilo- 千 kilometer (千米)
高校自主招生英语备考专题--词汇与语法1(名词,形容词副词和介词)

教师辅导讲义A. deputyB. ambassadorC. representativeD. envoy13.There will be a new fleet of 11 frigates and air-warfare destroyers, equipped, like the submarines, with _______missiles.A. voyageB. cruiseC. journeyD. excursion14.I think no more significant _______ has Apollo made to history.A. effortB. attemptC. contributionD. propagation15.I accepted without_______ what he had said as true.A. reservesB. restrictionC. reservationD. definition16.As it was her first_______for stealing, she was given a less severe sentence.A. judgmentB. imprisonmentC. convictionD. penalty17.They did a_______ performance on the first night to raise money for AIDS research.A. allowanceB. compensationC. subsidyD. charity18.A new study shows that another treatment may have better results for patients who were not helped by drug _______.A. therapyB. cureC. remedyD. recipe19.Knowledge of languages is a real _______ in this sort of work.A. assetB. helpC. benefactorD. partnercation was placed firmly on the political_______ in the Prime Minister's weekend speech.A. shiftB. catalogueC. repertoireD. agenda21.People over the age of 85 make up the fastest-growing population _______.A. segmentB. pieceC. portionD. fragment22.Evidence suggested that the AIDS _______ was spreading very quickly among the heterosexual community.A. bacteriaB. organismC. fungusD. virus23.There are three _______ of accommodation —standard, executive and deluxe.A. hierarchyB. cataloguesC. categoriesD. species24.Can any actor in this sorry drama do anything to improve the _______?A. outlineB. sketchC. scriptD. draft25.This tennis tournament is open to both _______ and professionals.A. amateursB. laymenC. fencersD. boxers26.The bomb killed four soldiers and three _______.A. citizensB. populaceC. civiliansD. commonplaces27.It's her feeling that the recent outbreaks of violence are a _______of the dissatisfaction that is currently affecting our society.A. symptomB. omenC. warningD. prospect28.Life is a _______to him who thinks and a tragedy to him who feels.A. comedyB. remedyC. melodyD. tragedy29.On the back of the book there is a brief biographical _______ of the author.A. sketchB. cartoonC. cartonD. caption30.What you have just said is not in _______with what you told us yesterday.A. favorB. stepC. allianceD. accord答案与解析:1.B。
人教版九年级上册英语 Unit 4 词汇与语法基础(解析版) (1)

知识图谱Unit 4 I used to be afraid of the dark.知识精讲一、必背词汇humorous adj. 有幽默感的;滑稽有趣的silent adj. 不说话的;沉默的helpful adj. 有用的;有帮助的score n. & v. 得分;打分background n. 背景interview v. 采访;面试n. 面试;访谈Asian adj. 亚洲的;亚洲人的n. 亚洲人dare v. 敢于;胆敢private adj. 私人的;私密的guard n. 警卫;看守v. 守卫;保卫require v. 需要;要求European adj. 欧洲的;欧洲人的British adj. 英国的;英国人的speech n. 讲话;发言ant n. 蚂蚁insect n. 昆虫influence v. & n. 影响seldom adv. 不常;很少proud adj. 自豪的;骄傲的absent adj. 缺席;不在fail v. 失败;未能(做到)examination n. 考试;审查leaf n 树叶exactly adv. 确切地;精确地pride n. 自豪;骄傲grandson n. 孙子;外孙general adj. 普遍的;常规的;总的n. 将军introduction n. 介绍二、重点词汇1. humorous adj.funny, or making you laugh幽默的;滑稽的例句:Her latest book is a humorous look at teenage life.她的新书是对青少年生活的一种幽默审视。
2. interview v.1). a meeting in which someone asks you questions to see if you are suitable for a job or course面试;面谈例句:I had an interview for a job with a publisher.我参加了一家出版公司的求职面试。
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词汇与语法结构(一)(总分:20.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、单项选择题(总题数:20,分数:20.00)1.English words are not always spoiled ______.A. in the way how they soundB. as they're soundingC. in the way of their soundsD. the way they sound(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:此题考查先行词是the way的定语从句结构,D选项符合语法结构,B的时态不正确。
2.I apologize if I ______ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.A. offendB. had offendedC. should have offendedD. might have offended(分数:1.00)A.B. √C.D.解析:从后文的时态来看,此句是对过去事实虚拟的if条件句,因此B正确。
3.I'll ______ his reputation, with other farmers and business people in the community, and then make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.A. take into accountB. account forC. make up forD. make out(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:take…into account将……考虑在内,符合句意。
B.account for作为对……的解释;C.make up for补偿,弥补;D.make out,辨认出。
4.His speech was careful and ______, but his words seemed to make no sense.A. distinguishedB. distinctiveC. distinctD. distinguishable(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:distinct清楚确切的,符合语境。
A.distinguished杰出的,尊贵的;B.distinctive与众不同的,有特色的;D.distinguishable可区别的,可辨识的。
5.______, punish him.A. Should anyone misbehave in classB. Anyone should misbehave in classC. Would anyone misbehave in classD. If anyone would misbehave in class(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:if条件句的虚拟语气倒装结构,将should提到句首,表示“万一”。
其他选项均不符合语法结构。
6.Nowadays people's expectations for a higher standard of living increase ______.A. so conditions in China improvingB. conditions in China are improvedC. as conditions in China improveD. as conditions being improved in China(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:句意:人们对更高生活水平的期待增加了,中国的条件也提高了。
A不符合句子逻辑;B缺少连词;D应该用现在分词。
7.What she's saying about the market may be true, but I'm ______ to give it a closer look.A. opposedB. attemptedC. inclinedD. consented(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:be inclined to do…表示“倾向于……”,符合句子含义。
A.be opposed to something反对;B.be attempted to do something尝试,企图;D.consent to something赞同;同意。
8.We had to start at exactly the same time, so we had our watches ______.A. checkedB. testedC. stabilizedD. corrected(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:check one's watch为固定搭配,“校正表;对表”,其他选项的动词没有此用法。
9.Wouldn't you rather your child ______ successful with his study and won the scholarship?A. becameB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:would rather(that)+动词过去式表示虚拟语气,故此A选项正确。
10.All had to stay in the open space, especially at night, for the ______ of the warning of an earthquake.A. donationB. dominationC. destinationD. duration(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:the duration of…“在……期间”,句意:在地震警告期间所有人在夜间都要呆在空地。
A.donation 捐赠;B.domination控制,支配;C.destination目的地。
11.Their ambitious schemes for making money quickly ______.A. took a chanceB. came to nothingC. went into actionD. got to the point(分数:1.00)A.B. √C.D.解析:come to something表示“达到某种情况或状态”,句意:他们想赚大钱的野心计划很快就成为泡影了。
A尝试;C采取行动;D中肯,恰当。
12.______ nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip.A. ProvidedB. On condition thatC. See to it thatD. Seeing that(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:Seeing that…“鉴于;由于”,用来表示比较明显的原因。
A.Provide(that)和B.on condition(that)在……情况下,倘若,用来引导条件状语从句;C.See to it that务必……,一定注意到……。
13.______ that John would become a well-know statesman.A. A little we thoughtB. Little we thoughtC. Little did we thinkD. A little did we think(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:little为含有否定意义的副词,位于句首,谓语要部分倒装。
14.Baby-sitters paid at the ______ of 4 dollars per hour.A. rateB. priceC. scaleD. standard(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:at the rate of…“以……为费用或价格的量度”,为固定搭配。
句意:临时保姆每小时的报酬为4美元。
15.He is ______ of a musician.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:something of a…表示“达到某种程度”。
句意:他可以称得上是位音乐家。
16.It's time for us to ______ the traditional Chinese architecture.A. preserveB. reserveC. conserveD. deserve(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:preserve保护,保藏。
句意:是我们来保护中国传统建筑的时候了。
B.reserve预定,储备;C.conserve 保存,储藏;D.deserve应受,值得。
17.Isn't it lovely to think that I ______ myself on the sunny beach tomorrow at this time.A. will enjoyB. am enjoyingC. will be enjoyingD. shall enjoy(分数:1.00)A.B.C. √D.解析:将来进行时用来表示在将来某个具体的时间预计好要发生的动作。
18.He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, ______ insufficiently popular with all members.A. having consideredB. was consideredC. was being consideredD. being considered(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:过去分词的进行式,用作原因状语,因为主语he与consider是被动关系。
19.His response was ______ that he didn't say yes and he didn't say no.A. soB. whichC. whatD. such(分数:1.00)A.B.C.D. √解析:such that…为固定搭配,用以引出下文的情况。
句意:他的回答是既没说是也没说不是。
20.Whether he could obtain his diploma or not greatly ______ him.A. disturbedB. distinguishedC. distressesD. disputes(分数:1.00)A. √B.C.D.解析:句意:能否得到证书令他烦躁不安。