专题9正反解读定语从句

专题9正反解读定语从句

1. [2017·全国卷Ⅰ] Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.

2. [2017·全国卷Ⅲ] But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

3. [2017·6月浙江卷]…was spread over the garden, it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.

4. [2016·天津卷]We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.

5. [2016·全国卷Ⅰ]But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the

mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.

考点一关系代词引导的定语从句

规则1who,whom,whose引导的定语从句

who和whom指人,who在定语从句中作主语;whom在定语从句中作宾语,在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom;whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语,指物时可用of which 代替,指人时可用of whom代替。

①Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.

有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。

②My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

我大儿子目前在纽约,他的工作让他全世界到处跑。

规则2that,which引导的定语从句

that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语,作宾语或表语时可省略;which指物,在定语从句中作主语和宾语,作宾语时,在限制性定语从句中可省略。另外,which可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。

①The little problems that/which we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 我们在日常生活中遇到的那些小问题有可能会成为伟大发明的灵感。

②China Today attracts a worldwide readership,which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.

《今日中国》吸引了世界各地的读者,这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。

[温馨提示] 下列情况只用that不用which:

①先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;

②先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;

③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词;

④先行词被the only,the very(正是,恰是),the last修饰;

⑤先行词中既有人也有物;

⑥在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。

考点二关系副词引导的定语从句

先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,从句中缺少状语时用关系副词

when,where,why。有时可用“介词+which”结构替换。

①Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?

这就是他拒绝我们的帮助的理由吗?

②They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

他们已经到了必须分手的地步。

[温馨提示] ①当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词,仍用which/that引导定语从句。

②当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果作主语、宾语或表语,则用关系代词that/which。

考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句

若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时常用whom,指物时常用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。

①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.

皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。

②In 1961 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

1961年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。

③Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.

→Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.

上星期日我从书店买了一些书,其中三本是英文小说。

[温馨提示] ①在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前后可以用of which/whom。

②the+比较级或最高级前后用of which/whom等。

考点四as,which引导的定语从句

as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如,正像”,as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中;which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。

①The number of smokers,as is reported,has dropped by 17 per cent in just one year.

正如报道的那样,吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。

②It is a truly delightful place,which looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.

这真是一个令人愉快的地方,它看上去和100年前的样子一样,有蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的村舍。[温馨提示] as常用在下列习惯用语中:

①as (it) often happens,as I remember,as is often the case,as is expected,as is known to us,as is shown 等。

②“such/so…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而

“such/so…as…”表示“像……这样……”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。

③“the same…that…”表示同一个人或物,而“the same…as…”表示同种类的人或物。

反面解读

误区之一关系代词与关系副词的误用

(1)【误】I still remember the days when I spent with farmers in the countryside.

【正】I still remember the days (that/which) I spent with farmers in the countryside.

[分析] when改为that/which。先行词是the days,从句动词spent缺少宾语,故用关系代词that/which 引导定语从句并作从句宾语。

(2)【误】The big house which the workers used to live is now a teaching building.

【正】The big house where/in which the workers used to live is now a teaching building.

[分析] which前加in或改为where。先行词是the big house,从句结构完整,故用关系副词where 引导定语从句并作从句状语,相当于in which。工人住过的大房子现在是一座教学楼。

误区之二关系代词that与which的误用

(1)【误】All the books which were borrowed from the library must be returned on time.