2018年6月六级第2套答案解析
2018年6月大学英语六级真题答案详解(第2套) PartⅠWriting(30minutes) The Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and StudentsA good relationship between a teacher and a student has important,positive and long-lasting implications for both the student’s academic and social development.However,nowadays,we have witnessed declining trust between them,therefore some tragedies ensued from the lack of trust between teachers and students.The situation must be urgently improved,for trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must.First and foremost,trust between teachers and students promote students’desire to learn.Those students who have positive and supportive relationships with their teachers will attain higher levels of achievement than those students with more conflict in their relationships.Second,a teacher who has the full trust of his students is more motivated to improve his teaching skills,which in turn benefit the students most.So both students and teachers should do their part to build trust between them.As to the teachers,trying to know the students,giving them meaningful feedback,and meeting their developmental,emotional and academic needs timely are of great help.And the students should always be respectful to their teachers.Once the trust between teachers and students is built,effective teaching and learning can be achieved.原文翻译：建立师生之间信任的重要性教师和学生之间的良好关系对学生的学术和社会发展具有重要的、积极的和持久的影响。
然而，现在我们看到他们之间的信任在下降，因此一些悲剧产生于师生之间缺乏信任。
这种情况必须紧急改善，因为必须信任师生关系。
首先，师生之间的信任促进了学生的学习愿望。
与教师有积极支持关系的学生，其成绩会比与教师有冲突的学生高。
其次，一个得到学生充分信任的教师更有动力提高他的教学技能，这反过来对学生最有利。
因此，学生和教师都应该尽自己的一份力量，在他们之间建立信任。
对教师来说，努力了解学生，给予他们有意义的反馈，及时满足他们的发展、情感和学术需要，是非常有帮助的。
学生应该始终尊重他们的老师。
一旦建立了师生之间的信任，就可以实现有效的教学和学习。
PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes) Section AQuestions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.M:Tonight we have a special guest from a local establishment,the Parisian Café.Welcome!W:Hi,thanks for having me on your show.M:Thank you for Joining us.(1)So please tell us,why did you decide to open a Café?W:Well,we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments. Cafés certainly are a very competitive market sector.(2)There are more than plenty in our city,and we felt they are all rather similar to each other.Wouldn't you agree?M:Certainly yes.So how is your establishment any different?W:Well,simply put,we have rabbits wandering freely around the place.Our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs.There is no other place like it.M:That's amazing!How did you come up with the idea?W:We saw other Cafés with cats in them.so we thought,why not rabbits?People love rabbits.They are very cute animalsM:But is it safe?Do the rabbits ever bite people?Or do any customers ever hurt the rabbits?W:It's perfectly safe for both rabbits and our customers.Rabbits are very peaceful and certainly do not bite.(3)Furthermore,our rabbits are regularly cleaned and have all received the required shots.So there is no health risk whatsoever.(4)As for our customers,they are all animal lovers,so they would never try to hurt the rabbits.Sometimes a young child may get over-excited,and they are a little too rough,but it's never a serious matter.On the contrary,the Parisian Caféoffers a great experience for children,a chance for them to learn about rabbits and how to take care of them.M:Well,it's certainly the first time I've heard of a Cafélike that.1.What do we learn about the woman?答案:D)解析:对话中,男士首先介绍说今天的嘉宾来自Parisian Café,接下来他问女士为什么会决定开一家咖啡馆。
由此可以判断,女土拥有家咖啡馆。
2.What does the woman say about Cafés in her city?答案:A)解析:对话中女士说,城里有很多咖啡馆,而这些咖啡馆都十分相似。
3.How does the Parisian Caféguarantee that its rabbits pose no health threat?答案:A)解析:当男士问女士她咖啡馆里的兔子是否安全时,女士说,首先,兔子是一种非常温顺的动物,不会咬人的,而且,他们会定期对兔子进行清洁,还保证兔子们按要求进行(免疫)注射。
也就是说,通过定期清洁和注射疫苗,他们能够保证兔子们不会对顾客造成任何健康威胁。
4.What does the woman say about their customers?答案:C)解析:对话中女士提到,来咖啡馆的客人都是动物爱好者,绝不会伤害这些兔子。
Questions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.M:Hey,there.How are you?W:Oh,hi.I'm great!Thanks.And you look great,too.M:Thank you,It's good to see you shopping at the organic section.I see you’ve got lots of healthy stuff.(5)I wish I could buy more organic produce from here,but I find the kids don't like it.I don't know about yours,but mine are all about junk food.W:Oh,trust me!I know exactly how you feel.(5)My children are the same.What is it with kids these days and all that junk food they eat?(6)I think it's all that advertising on TV.That's where they get it.M:Yes,It must be.(6)My children see something on TV and they immediately want it.It's like they don't realize it's just an advertisement.W:Right.And practically everything that's advertised for children is unhealthy processed foods.No surprise then it becomes a battle for us parents to feed our children ordinary fruit and vegetablesM:That’s just the thing.One never sees ordinary ingredients being advertised on TV.It's never a carrot or a peach. It's always some garbage,like chocolate-covered sweets.So unhealthyW:Exactly.(7)And these big food corporations have so much money to spend on clever tactics designed to make young children want to buy their products.Children never stand a chance.It's really not fair.M:(7)You are so right.(8)When we were children,we barely had any junk food available,and we turned out just fine.W:Yes.My parents don't understand any of it.Both the TV commercials and the supermarkets are alien to them. Their world was so different back when they were young.M:I don't know what will happen to the next generation.W:The world is going crazy.M:You bet5.What do the speakers say about the food their children like?答案:D)解析:当男士看到女士买了很多健康食品时,他十分感慨,说自己的孩子不喜欢这些健康食品,就喜欢吃垃圾食品,而女士说她十分能够理解男士的感受,她的孩子也是这样。
2018年6月英语四级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版 第2套)
2018年6月大学英语四级真题（第2套)Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write a short essay on the importanceof writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minute s)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear threenews reports. At the end of each news report, youwill hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sh eet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Annoyed.B) Scared.C) Confused.D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel.C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction.C) McDonald's new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B) The inefficiency of employees.C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C) U.S. government's approval of private space missions.D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7. A) It is significant.B) It is promising.C) It is unpredictable.D) It is unprofitable.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the ques tions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose th e best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answ er Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Visiting her family in Thailand.B) Showing friends around Phuket.C) Swimming around a Thai island.D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage.B) She met a Thai girl's parents.C) She learned some Thai words.D) She sunbathed on a Thai beach.10. A) His class will start in a minute.B) He has got an incoming phone call.C) Someone is knocking at his door.D) His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop.C) He collects things from different countries.D) He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B) Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C) Signing up for a weight-loss course.D) Trying out a new gym in town.13. A) Professional personal training.B) Free exercise for the first week.C) A discount for a half-year membership.D) Additional benefits for young couples.14. A) The safety of weight-lifting.B) The high membership fee.C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B) She used to do 200 sit-ups every day.C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D) She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of eac h passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spo ken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer fro m the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B) They often apply for a number of positions.C) They worry about the results of their applications.D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized.B) Edit their references.C) Find better-paid jobs.D) Analyze the searching process.18. A) Provide their data in detail.B) Personalize each application.C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.D) If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C) Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.21. A) Allow kids to learn at their own pace.B) Encourage kids to learn from each other.C) Organize kids into various interest groups.D) Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa.B) It is really marvelous to look at.C) It offers free dance classes to seniors.D) It offers people a chance to socialize.24. A) Their state of mind improved.B) They became better dancers.C) They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened.25. A) It is fun.B) It is life.C) It is exhausting.D) It is rhythmical.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes )Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with10 blanks. You are requir ed to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the ba nk is identifiedby a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of __26__ . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state's bad air __27__ to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a __28__ . All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological __29__ , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in __30__ . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are __31__ to yield minute-to-minute maps of __32__ air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been __33__ with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workers went on strike and the city's __34__ were forced to use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work" days have done their job by __35__ pollution lows.A)assisted B) collaborating C) consequence D) consumers E) creatingF)detail G)domestic H) frequently I) inhabitants J) innovation K) intende dL) outdoor M) pollutants N) restricted O) sumSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statem ents attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identi fy theparagraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph m ore thanonce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces 'Endangered' ListA)On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.B) "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.D) Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."F)For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.G) Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become "intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations."I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.K)But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined arequest for an interview.L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.36. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its cultural heritage.38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years.39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of tourists.40. If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day.41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice.42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local residents.43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism industry.44. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only focused on the revenues from tourism.45. UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger. Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter o n Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the studyshowed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46.According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A.Improve their work efficiency.B.Add to their sustained happiness.C.Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D.Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47.What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A.Earn more money.B.Settle in an urban area.C.Gain fame and popularity.D.Live in a green environment.48.What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A.How it affects different people.B.How strong its positive effect is.C.How long its positive effect lasts.D.How it benefits people physically.49.What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?A.Their stress was more apparent than real.B.Their decisions required less deliberation.C.Their memories were greatly strengthened.D.Their communication with others improved.50.According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?A.Find financial support.B.Improve urban planning.C.Involve local residents in the effort.D.Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A.They performed marvellously on the sea.B.They could all break the ice in their way.C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D.They were models of modern engineering.52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D.The long voyages they were able to undertake.53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A.It was a mere piece of decoration.B.It was the work of a famous artist.C.It was designed to let out extra smoke.D.It was easily identifiable from afar.54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A.Their unscientific designs.B.Their captains' misjudgment.C.The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A.She was used to carry troops.B.She was sunk in World War I.C.She was converted into a hospital ship.D.She was retired after her naval service.Part IV Translation (30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passag e from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
2018年度6月大学英语六级第二套真命题试题及答案解析
2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college，write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Doing enjoyable work.B) Earning a competitive salary. C) Having friendly colleagues.D) Working for supportive bosses.2.A) 20%.B) 25%. C)31%.D) 73%.3.A) Those full of skilled workers.B) Those that are well managed.C) Those run by women.D) Those of a small size.4.A) They can win recognition of their work.B) They can better balance work and life.C) They can hop from job to job easily.D) They can take on more than one job.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It is a collection of photos. B) It is an introduction to music.C) It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a book of European history.6.A) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.7.A) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.B)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.C) The entire European coastline will be submerged.D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.8.A) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.B)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.C) People cannot get around without using boats.D)Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.B)They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.D) They make careful preparations beforehand.10.A) Mental images often interfere with athletes’performance.B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.D) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.11.A) Anticipate possible problems.B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.C) Try to appear more professional.D) Picture themselves succeeding.12.A) She won her first jury trial. B) She wore a designer dress.C) She presented moving pictures. D) She did not speak loud enough.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A) It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.B)Its health benefits have been overestimated.C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.14.A) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.B)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.15.A) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.B)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) Investigating the impact of media on government.B)Studying the hazards of young people drinking.C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.D) Observing the changes in marketing.17.A) It is a chief concern of parents. B) It is an act of socialising.C) It is the cause of many street riots. D) It is getting worse year byyear.18.A) They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.B)They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.21.A) The cash in her handbag was missing. B) The service on the train was not good.C) The restaurant car accepted cash only. D) There was no food service on the train.22.A) By drawing money week by week. B) By putting money into envelopes.C) By limiting their day-to-day spending. D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.23. A) Population explosion. B) Extinction of rare species.C) Chronic hunger. D) Environmental deterioration.24. A) About half of them are unintended. B) They contribute to overpopulation.C) They have been brought under control. D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.25. A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates’attention.B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.【答案】B【解析】对话中关于第一个调查，男士说有十大因素影响着人们在工作中的幸福感。
2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案解析和听力原文 (第2套)
2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案解析和听力原文 (第2套)2018年6月英语六级考试真题 (第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She advocates animal protection.B) She sells a special kind of coffee. C) She is going to start a café chain.D) She is the owner of a special café.2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.B) They are a profitable business sector. C) They cater to different customers.D) They help take care of customers' pets.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C) By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D) By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4. A) They want to learn about rabbits.B) They like to bring in their children. C) They love the animals in her café.D) They give her café favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It contains too many additives.B) It lacks the essential vitamins. C) It can cause obesity.D) It is mostly garbage.6. A) Its fancy design. B) TV commercials. C) Its taste and texture. D) Peer influence.7. A) Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B) Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.D) Offering children more varieties to choose from.8. A) They hardly ate vegetables.B) They seldom had junk food. C) They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D) They liked the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Stretches of farmland.B) Typical Egyptian animal farms. C) Tombs of ancient rulers.D) Ruins left by devastating floods.10. A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C) It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D) It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B) We are always in a rush to do various things.C) The search for tranquility has become a trend.D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13. A) She had trouble balancing family and work. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.B) She enjoyed the various social events. D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.14. A) The possibility of ruining her family.B)Becoming aware of her declining health. C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms. C) She learned to use more polite expressions.B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks. D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars. Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They will root out native species altogether.B) They contribute to a region's biodiversity.C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.D) They will crossbreed with native species.17. A) Their classifications are meaningful.B) Their interactions are hard to define. C) Their definitions are changeable.D) Their distinctions are artificial.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.B) They may turn out to benefit the local environment.C) Few of them can survive in their new habitats.D) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Respect their traditional culture.B) Attend their business seminars. C) Research their specific demands.D) Adopt the right business strategies.20. A) Showing them your palm. C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.B) Giving them gifts of great value. D) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.B) They have a strong sense of worth. C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.B) He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C) He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D) He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.23. A) It should be sold at a reasonable price.B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.C) It should be published in the world's leading languages.D) Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.24. A) He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B) He served as a church minister for many years.C) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25. A) It carried many more advertisements. C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman. D) Its subscriptions increased considerably. Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman __26 for writing it was one of America's most fascinating 27 . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the 28 author's life.Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was particularly __30 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had " a deep moral influence. " She began a nationwide __31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 festivals.In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New EnglandHistorical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 by a real event.When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".A) campaignB) careerC) characters D) featuresE) fierceF) inspiredG) latterH) obsessedI) proclamationJ) rectifiedK) reputedL) restM) supposedN) traditionalO) versatileSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Grow Plants Without Water[A] Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we’ve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.[B] Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry," Farrantsays.[C] Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa, steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.[D]Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.[E]The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.[F]Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.[G] What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)," such as avocados, coffee andlychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.[H] After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes," Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."[I] Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. "I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails："I'm giving people an option."[J] Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots.[K] Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not use dryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African value."36.There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.39.Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.40.Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.41.Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.42.Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.43.Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.44.By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected," she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address thesechallenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there."An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset," the researchers wrote.46. Compared with human memory, machines can ________.A) identify human faces more efficiently C) store an unlimited number of human facesB) tell a friend from a mere acquaintance D) perceive images invisible to the human eye47. Why did researchers create MegaFace?A) To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B) To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C) To understand computers' problems with facial recognition.D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.48. What does the passage say about machine accuracy?A) It falls short of researchers' expectations. C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.B) It improves with added computing power. D) It decreases as the database size increases.49. What is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?A) They cannot easily tell apart people with near-identical appearances.B) They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.C) They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's mood.D) They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.50. What is the difficulty confronting researchers of facial-recognition machines?A) No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B) There do not exist public databases with sufficient face samples.C) There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.D) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.There're currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their collegeon borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier."But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed. If not, taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students'college education.51. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans?A) They only expect to get huge returns.B) They are acting in an irrational way. C) They benefit at taxpayers' expense.D) They will regret doing so someday.52. In the author's opinion, free college education is ________.A) impractical B) unsustainable C) a goal to strive for D) a way to social equality53. What should students do if taxpayers are to bear their college costs?A) Work even harder to repay society.B) Choose their subjects more carefully.C) Choose majors that will serve society's practical needs.D) Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.54. What does the author say about the value of a student's college education?A) It is underestimated by profit-seeking employers.B) It is to be proved by what they can do on the job.C) It is well reflected in their average starting salary.D) It is embodied in how they remove social barriers.55. What message does the author want to convey in the passage?A) Students should think carefully whether to go to college.B) Taxpayers should only finance the most gifted students.C) The worth of a college education is open to debate.D) College students should fund their own education.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国目前拥有世界上最大最快的高速铁路网。
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案第2套
2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and StudentsA good relationship between a teacher and a student can have a major influence on a kid's development, and trust is crucial and indispensable不可或缺的in maintaining the relationship.To begin with, only when a student believes in his or her teacher is he or she willing to learn from the teacher or look to the teacher for guidance and support. In reality, too many students are weary of study and even drop out of school only because they dislike their teachers, which may transform their whole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust of his or her students is more motivated to help them improve the consciousness意识、知觉、觉悟and initiative主动、主动性、首创精神of learning, which in turn依次、转而、轮流benefits the students most. However, the credibility公信力between teachers and students is not something that can be built in a day. On the one hand, teachers should comprehend the students' actual demands and offer timely help. On the other hand, students should always be respectful to their teachers.All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effective teaching an learning.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She advocates animal protection.B) She sells a special kind of coffee.C) She is going to start a café chain.D) She is the owner of a special café.2. A) They bear具有、承受、忍受a lot of similarities相似性、相同点.B) They are a profitable business sector.C) They cater to different customers.D) They help take care of customers' pets.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C) By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D) By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4. A) They want to learn about rabbits.B) They like to bring in their children.C) They love the animals in her café.D) They give her café favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It contains too many additives.B) It lacks the essential vitamins.C) It can cause obesity.D) It is mostly garbage.6. A) Its fancy design.B) TV commercials.C) Its taste and texture.D) Peer influence.7. A) Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B) Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.D) Offering children more varieties to choose from.8. A) They hardly ate vegetables.B) They seldom had junk food垃圾食品、没有营养的食品.C) They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D) They liked the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Stretches of farmland.B) Typical Egyptian animal farms.C) Tombs of ancient rulers.D) Ruins left by devastating floods.10. A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C) It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D) It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B) We are always in a rush to do various things.C) The search for tranquility has become a trend.D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13. A) She had trouble balancing family and work.B) She enjoyed the various social events.C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.14. A) The possibility of ruining her family.B) Becoming aware of her declining health.C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C) She learned to use more polite expressions.D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They will root out native species altogether.B) They contribute to a region's biodiversity.C) They pose a threat to构成威胁the local ecosystem.D) They will crossbreed with native species.17. A) Their classifications are meaningful.B) Their interactions are hard to define.C) Their definitions are changeable.D) Their distinctions区别、特质、区分are artificial人为的、人造的.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.B) They may turn out to benefit the local environment.C) Few of them can survive in their new habitats.D) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Respect their traditional culture.B) Attend their business seminars.C) Research their specific demands.D) Adopt the right business strategies.20. A) Showing them your palm.B) Giving them gifts of great value.C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.B) They have a strong sense of worth.C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.D) They have a break休息一下from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.B) He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C) He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D) He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.23. A) It should be sold at a reasonable price.B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.C) It should be published in the world's leading languages.D) Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.24. A) He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B) He served as a church minister for many years.C) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25. A) It carried many more advertisements.B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.D) Its subscriptions increased considerably.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb羔羊," the eternal nursery托儿所、幼儿园rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn倔强的、顽固的lamb? This is still disputed有争议的, but it's clear that the woman K26 reputed挂名的、号称的 for writing it was one of America's mostfascinating C27characters人物、特性、描述 . In honor of为庆祝、为纪念the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the M28supposed假定的、期望的、推定、据说的 author's life.Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a E29fierce凶狠的、凶猛的、激烈的 social advocate拥护者、倡导者、辩护者、辩护律师, and she was particularly H30obsessed着迷、痴迷 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began a nationwide A31campaign活动、战役、运动 to have a national holiday declared that would bring familiestogether while celebrating the N32traditional festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy倡导、鼓吹、主张、拥护including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War 南北战争, issued a I33proclamation宣言书、声明、公告 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship作者身份、原创作者of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed有争议的. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was F34inspired受启发的、鼓舞的 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the L35rest of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H) obsessed I) proclamation J) rectified K) reputed L) rest M) supposed N) traditional O) versatileSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Grow Plants Without WaterA) Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we’ve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.B) Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry," Farrant says.C) Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa,steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.D) Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.E) The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. Butonce these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.F) Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.G) What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.H) After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes," Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."I) Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. "I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails："I'm giving people an option."J) Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots. K) Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not usedryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African value."36. There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.C37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.H38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.A39. Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.K40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.E41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.I42. Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.G43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.B44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.F45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected," she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there."An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset," the researchers wrote.46. Compared with human memory, machines can ________.A) identify human faces more efficientlyB) tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC) store an unlimited number of human facesD) perceive images invisible to the human eye47. Why did researchers create MegaFace?A) To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B) To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C) To understand computers' problems with facial面部的recognition识别.D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.48. What does the passage say about machine accuracy准确性?A) It falls short of researchers' expectations.B) It improves with added computing power.C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.D) It decreases as the database数据库size increases.49. What is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?A) They cannot easily tell apart分别、区别people with near-identical同一的、完全相同的appearances.B) They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.C) They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's mood.D) They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.50. What is the difficulty confronting面对、对抗researchers of facial-recognition machines?A) No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B) There do not exist public databases with sufficient足够的face samples样本、采样.C) There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.D) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.There're currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier."But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed. If not, taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.51. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans借贷?A) They only expect to get huge returns.B) They are acting in an irrational非理性的way.C) They benefit at taxpayers' expense.D) They will regret doing so someday.52. In the author's opinion, free college education is ________.A) impractical 不切实际的、不现实的B) unsustainableC) a goal to strive forD) a way to social equality53. What should students do if taxpayers纳税人are to bear their college costs?A) Work even harder to repay society.B) Choose their subjects more carefully.C) Choose majors专业、主修that will serve society's practical needs.D) Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.。
2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)(题后含答案及解析)
2018年6月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.正确答案：How to Develop English Speaking Ability? Speaking ability is an essential skill that is closely linked with all aspects of our life, for we need to communicate with others and make ourselves understood. With the deepening of globalization, today’ s college students have to enhance the ability of oral English communication. Even though Chinese students have learned English for many years and taken numerous tests in school, practically speaking, most students are rather poor in speaking English. The key to learning English is to use it proficiently. With the implementation of reform and opening-up policy, more and more foreign people and companies enter China, so it has become an inevitability for college students to use English in communication and work. In order to develop speaking ability, we should first enlarge our vocabulary by reading English materials we are interested in. We can start with the simple ones. Secondly, we should practice speaking as much as possible. Try to find a partner like a foreign teacher or attend English corners. Moreover, we should read aloud so as to boost our confidence in speaking and correct our pronunciation. All in all, developing English speaking ability requires long-term practice and we should never give up.解析：这是一篇议论文写作。
2018年6月英语六级详细参考答案(全三套)
2018年6月英语六级详细参考答案（全三套）2018年6月丨六级听力1听力第一套Section AConversation OneM: What's all that? Are you going to make a salad?W: No I'm going to make a gazpacho.M: What's that?W: Gazpacho is a cold soup from Spain. It’s mostly vegetables. I guess you could call it a liquid salad.M: Cold soup? Sounds weird.W: It's delicious. Trust me. I tried it for the first time during my summer vacation in Spain. You see, in the south of Spain, it gets very hot in the summer, up to 40°C.So acold gazpacho is very refreshing. The main ingredients are tomato, cucumber, bell peppers, olive oil and stale bread.M: Stale bread? Surely you mean bread for dipping into the soup?W: No. Bread is crushed and blended in like everything else. It adds texture and thickness to the soup.M: Mm. And is it healthy?W: Sure. As I said earlier it's mostly vegetables. You can also add different things if you like, such as hard-boiledegg or cured ham.M: Cured ham? What’s that?W: That's another Spanish delicacy. Have you never heard of it? It is quite famous. M: no, is it good too?W: Oh, yeah, definitely. It’s amazing. It’s a little dry and salty, and it's very expensive because it comes from a special type ofpigthat only eats a special type of food. The harm is covered in salt to dry and preserve it. And left to hang for up to 2 years, it has a very distinct flavor.M: Mm. Sounds interesting. Where can I find some?W: Itusedto be difficult to get Spanish produce here. But it's now a lot more common. Most large supermarket chains have cured ham in little packets but in Spain you combine a whole leg.M: A whole peg leg? Why would anybody want so much ham?W: In Spain, many people buy a whole leg for special group events, such as Christmas. They cut it themselves into very thin slices with a long flat knife.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. What do we learn about gazpacho?2. For what purpose is stale bread mixed into gazpacho?3. Why does the woman think gazpacho is healthy?4. What does the woman say about cured ham?Conversation TwoM: Hello, I wish to buy a bottle of wine.W: Hi, yes. What kind of wine would you like?M: I don't know, sorry. I don't know much about wine.W: That’s no problem at all. What’s the occasion and how much would you like to spend?M: It's for my boss. It’s his birthday. I know he likes wine, but I don't know what type.I also do not want anything too expensive, maybe mid-range. How much would you say is a mid-range bottle of wine approximately?W: Well, it varies greatly. Our lowest prices are around $6 a bottle, but those are table wines. They are not very special. And I would not suggest them as a gift. On the other end, our most expensive bottles are over $150. If you are looking for something priced in the middle, I would say anything between $30 and $60 would make a decent gift. How does that sound?M: Mm, yeah. I guess something in the vicinity of 30 or 40 would be good. Which type would you recommend?W: I would say the safest option is always a red wine. They are generally more popular than whites, and can usually be paired with food more easily. Our specialty here are Italian wines, and these tend to be fruity with medium acidity. This one here is a Chianti,which is perhaps Italy's most famous type of red wine. Alternatively, you may wish to try and surprise your boss with something less common, such as the Infantile. The grapes are originally native to Croatia but this winery is in east in Italy and it has a more spicy and peppery flavor. So to summarize, the Chianti is more classical and the Infantile more exciting. Both are similarly priced at just under $40.M: I will go with Chianti then. Thanks.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What does the woman think of table wines?6. What is the price range of wine the man will consider?7. Why does the woman recommend red wines?8. What do we learn about the wine the man finally bought?Section BPassage OneMany people enjoysecretcodes, the harder the code the more some people would try to figure it out. In war time, codes are especially important, they help army sendnews about battles and signs of enemy forces. Neither side wants its code broken by the other. One very important code was never broken, it was used during world war two by the Americans. It was spoken code, never written down and it was developed and used by NH Indians. They were called the NH code talkers. The NH created the codes in their own language. NH was hard to learn and only a few people know it. So it was pretty certain that the enemy would not be able to understand the code talkers. In addition, the talkers used code words. They called a submarine and an iron fish and a small bomb thrown by hand, a potato. If they wanted to spell something, they used code words for letters of the Alphabet. For instance, the letter A was ant orappleor ax, the code talkers worked mostly in the islands in the Pacific. One or two would be assigned a group of soldiers. They would send messages by field telephone to the code talker in the next group. And he would relay the information to his commander. The code talkers played an important part in several battles. They helped the troops coordinate their movements and attacks. After the war, the US governments honored them for what they had accomplished. Theirs was the most successful wartime codeever used.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9 . What does the speaker say many people enjoy doing?10.What do we learn about the NH talkers?11.What is the speaker mainly talking about?Passage TwoIf you are young and thinking about your career, you want to know where you can make a living, well, this going to be a technological replacement of a lot of knowledge intensive jobs in the next twenty years. Particularly in the two largest sectors of the labor force with professional skills. One is teaching, and the other, health care. You have so many applications and software and platforms, but going to come in and provide information and service in these two fields, which means a lot of health care and education sectors, would be radically changed, and lots of jobs will be lost. Now, where will the new jobs be found, well the one sector of the economy that can't be easily duplicated by even small technologies is the caring sector, the personal care sector, that is, you can't really get a robot to do a great massage or physical therapy. Or, you can't get the kind of personal attention you need with regard to therapy or any other personal service. There could be very high and personal services, therapist do charge a lot of money, I think there's no limit to the amount of personal attention and personal care, people would like if they could afford it. But, the real question in the future is, how come people afford these things if they don't have money, because they can't get a job that pays enough, that's why I wrote this book, which is about how to reorganize the economy for the future when technology brings about destructive changes, to what we used to consider high income work.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What does the speaker say will happen in the next twenty years?13. Where will young people have more chances to find jobs?14. What does the speaker say about therapist?15. What is the speaker’s book about?Section CRecording OneAmerican researchers have discovered the world's oldest paved road, a 4,600-year-old highway. It linked a stone pit in the Egyptian desert to waterways that carried blocks to monument sites along the Nile. The eight-mile road is at least 500 years older than any previously discovered road. It is the only paved road discovered in ancient Egypt, said geologist Thomas Bown of the United States Geological Survey. He reported the discovery on Friday. "The road probably doesn't rank with the pyramids as a construction feat, but it is a major engineering achievement," said his colleague, geologist James Harrell of the University of Toledo. "Not only is the road earlier than we thought possible, we didn't even think theybuiltroads." The researchers also made a discovery in the stone pit at the northern end of the road: the first evidence that the Egyptians used rock saws. "This is the oldest example of saws being used for cutting stone," said Bown’s colleague James Hoffmeier of Wheaton College in Illinois. "That's two technologies we didn't know they had," Harrell said "And we don't know why they were both abandoned." The road was discovered in the Faiyum Depression, about 45 miles southwest of Cairo. Short segments of the road had been observed by earlier explorers, Bown said, but they failed to realize its significance or follow up on their observations. Bown and his colleagues stumbled across it while they were doing geological mapping in the region. The road was clearly built to provide services for the newly discovered stone pit. Bown and Harrell have found the camp that housed workers at the stone pit. The road appears today to go nowhere, ending in the middle of the desert. When it was built, its terminal was a dock on the shore of Lake Moeris, which had an elevation of about 66 feet above sea level, the same as the dock. Lake Moeris received its water from the annual floods of the Nile. At the time of the floods, the river and lake were at the same level and connected through a gap in the hills near the modern villages of el-Lahun and Hawara. Harrell and Bown believe that blocks were loaded onto barges during the dry season, then floated over to the Nile during the floods to be shipped off to the monument sites at Giza and Saqqara.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What do we learn from the lecture about the world’s oldest paved road in Egypt?17. What did the researchers discover in the stone pit?18. For what purpose was the paved road built?Recording TwoThe thin, extremely sharp needles didn’t hurt at all going in. Dr. Gong pierced them into my left arm, around the elbow that had been bothering me. Other needles were slipped into my left wrist and, strangely, into my right arm, and then into both my closed eyelids.There wasn’t any discomfort, just a mild warming sensation. However, I did begin to wonder what had driven me here, to the office of Dr. James Gong, in New York’s Chinatown.Then I remembered－－the torturing pain in that left elbow. Several trips to a hospital and two expensive, uncomfortable medical tests had failed to produce even a diagnosis.“Maybe you lean on your left arm too much,”the doctor concluded, suggesting I see a bone doctor.During the hours spent waiting in vain to see a bone doctor, I decided to take another track and tryacupuncture. A Chinese-American friend recommended Dr. Gong. I took the subway to Gong’s second-floor office, marked with a hand-painted sign.Dr. Gong speaks English, but not often. Most of my questions to him were greeted with a friendly laugh, but I managed to let him know where my arm hurt. He asked me to go into a room, had me lie down on a bed, and went to work. In the next room, I learned, a woman dancer was also getting a treatment. As I lay there a while, I drifted into a dream-like state and fantasized about what she looked like.Acupuncturists today are as likely to be found on Park Avenue as on Mott Street. In all there are an estimated 10,000 acupuncturists in the country. Nowadays, a lot of M.D.s have learned acupuncture techniques; so have a number of dentists. Reason? Patient demand. Few, though, can adequately explain how acupuncture works. Acupuncturists may say that the body has more than 800 acupuncture points. A life force called qi circulates through the body. Points on the skin are energetically connected to specific organs, body structures and systems. Acupuncture points are stimulated to balance the circulation of qi.The truth is, though acupuncture is at least 2,200 years old,“nobody really knows what’s happening,”says Paul Zmiewski, a Ph.D. in Chinese studies who practices acupuncture in Philadelphia.After five treatments, there has been dramatic improvement in my arm, and the pain is a fraction of what it was. The mainly silent Dr. Gong finally even offered a diagnosis for what troubled me.“Pinched nerve,”he said.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What does the speaker find especially strange?20. Why did the speaker go see Dr. Gong?21. What account for the growing popularity ofacupuncturein the United States, according to the speaker?Recording ThreeRonald and Lois married for two decades considered themselves a happy couple. But in the early years of their marriage both were distilled by persistent arguments that seem to fade away without ever being truly resolved. They uncovered clues to what was going wrong by researching a fascinating subject. How birth order affects not only your personality but also how compatible you are with your mate. Ronald and Lois are only children and onlies grow up accustomed to being the apple of parents’ eyes. Match two onlies and you have partners to sub consciously expect each other to continue fulfilling this expectation while neither has much experience in the giving and here's a list of common birth order characteristics and some thoughts on the best and worst Marischal matches for each. The oldest tends to be self-assured, responsible, a high achiever and relatively seriously reserved. He may be slow to make friends. Perhaps content with only one companion. The best matches are with a youngest and only or a mate raised in a large family. The worst match is with another oldest since the two will be too sovereign to share a household comfortably. The youngest child of the family thrives on the tension and tends to be outgoing, adventurous, optimistic, creative and less ambitious than others in the family. He may lack self-discipline and have difficulty making decisions on his own. A youngest brother of brothers often unpredictable and romantic will match best with an oldest sister of brothers. Theyoungest sister of brothers is best matched with the oldest brother of sisters who will happily indulge these traits. The middle child is influenced by many variables however middles are less likely to take initiative and more anxious and self-critical than others. Middles often successfully marry other middles. Since both are strong on tact not so strong on the aggressiveness and tend to crave affection. The only child is often most comfortable when alone. But since an only tends to be a well-adjusted individual she'll eventually learn to relate to any chosen spouse. The male only child expects his wife to make life easier without getting much in return. He is sometimes best matched with the younger sister of brothers. The female only child who tends to be slightly more flexible is well matched with an older man who will indulge her tendency to test his love—her worst much. Another only of course.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What does the speaker say about Ronald and Lois's early years of married life?23. What do we learn about Ronald and Lois?24. What does the speaker say about the oldest child in the family?25. What does the speaker say about the only children?参考答案：BADCB ADDCA CBCAB DABDC .ACADB2听力第二套Section AConversation One1. D) She is the owner of a special cafe.2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.4. C) They love the animal in her cafe.Conversation Two5. D) It is mostly garbage.6. B) TV commercials.7. C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.8. C) They seldom had junk foodSection BPassage One9. C）Tombs of ancient rulers.10. B) It’s hardly associated with great civilizations.11. A ) It carries about one fifth of the world’s fresh water. Passage Two12.B) We are always in a rush to do various things.13. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.14. D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. B) She came to enjoy everyday tasks.Section CRecording One16. C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.17. D) Their distinctions are artificial.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species. Recording Two19. A）Respect their traditional culture.20. C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.21.D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30.Recording Three22. D) He had the company’s bedroom extensively renovated.23. B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.24 D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25 C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.2018年6月丨六级阅读1阅读第一套Section A开头：Scientists26. K) puzzled27. M) removed28. A) chronicles29. L) remnants30. F) maximum31. D) fascinates32. I) perfect33. J) precision34. E) hypothesis35. O) slightlySection B标题：Peer presure36-40 HCLJG 41-45 AIFKDSection CPassage One开头：The Ebno Dleta46．C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.答案出处：…during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies…47. D) Using one evil to combat the other.答案出处：The most promising stragy has become to harness one foe against the other.48. C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.答案出处：…the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change, But the sanil has given the project greater urgency.49．B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.答案出处：For now, the giantapplesnial's presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."50. A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.答案出处：Asan EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countires. Each team is crossbredding a local European short-grain rice with a long-term Asian varity that carrises the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successivee generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组)。
20186月大学英语六级第二套真题试题及答案解析
2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college，write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Doing enjoyable work.B) Earning a competitive salary.C) Having friendly colleagues.D) Working for supportive bosses.2. A) 20%.B) 25%.C)31%.D) 73%.3.A) Those full of skilled workers.B) Those that are well managed.C) Those run by women.D) Those of a small size.4.A) They can win recognition of their work.B) They can better balance work and life.C) They can hop from job to job easily.D) They can take on more than one job.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It is a collection of photos. B) It is an introduction to music.C) It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a book of European history.6.A) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.B)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.C) The entire European coastline will be submerged.D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.B)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.C) People cannot get around without using boats.D)Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.B)They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.D) They make careful preparations beforehand.Mental images often interfere with athletes’ performance.B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.D) A person’s nervous system is more complicat ed than imagined.11.A) Anticipate possible problems.B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.C) Try to appear more professional.D) Picture themselves succeeding.She won her first jury trial. B) She wore a designer dress.C) She presented moving pictures. D) She did not speak loud enough.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.B)Its health benefits have been overestimated.C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.B)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.B)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.Investigating the impact of media on government.B)Studying the hazards of young people drinking.C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.D) Observing the changes in marketing.It is a chief concern of parents. B) It is an act of socialising.C) It is the cause of many street riots. D) It is getting worseyear by year.They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.B)They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.The cash in her handbag was missing. B) The service on the train was not good.C) The restaurant car accepted cash only. D) There was no food service on the train.By drawing money week by week. B) By putting money into envelopes.C) By limiting their day-to-day spending. D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.23. A) Population explosion. B) Extinction of rare species.C) Chronic hunger. D) Environmental deterioration.24. A) About half of them are unintended. B) They contribute to overpopulation.C) They have been brought under control. D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.25. A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates’ attention.B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.【答案】B【解析】对话中关于第一个调查，男士说有十大因素影响着人们在工作中的幸福感。
2018年6月英语六级真题解析及答案：第2套
2018年6月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Building Trust between Businesses and ConsumersToday, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization and digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Besides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products,and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development of the whole social economy.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
(完整版)2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题(第二套)及答案
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ __________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Annoyed.B) Scared.C) Confused.D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel.C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction.C) McDonald's new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B) The inefficiency of employees.C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C) U.S. government's approval of private space missions.D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7. A) It is significant.B) It is promising.C) It is unpredictable.D) It is unprofitable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Visiting her family in Thailand.B) Showing friends around Phuket.C) Swimming around a Thai island.D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage.B) She met a Thai girl's parents.C) She learned some Thai words.D) She sunbathed on a Thai beach.10. A) His class will start in a minute.B) He has got an incoming phone call.C) Someone is knocking at his door.D) His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop.C) He collects things from different countries.D) He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B) Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C) Signing up for a weight-loss course.D) Trying out a new gym in town.13. A) Professional personal training.B) Free exercise for the first week.C) A discount for a half-year membership.D) Additional benefits for young couples.14. A) The safety of weight-lifting.B) The high membership fee.C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B) She used to do 200 sit-ups every day.C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D) She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B) They often apply for a number of positions.C) They worry about the results of their applications.D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized.B) Edit their references.C) Find better-paid jobs.D) Analyze the searching process.18. A) Provide their data in detail.B) Personalize each application.C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.D) If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C) Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.21. A) Allow kids to learn at their own pace.B) Encourage kids to learn from each other.C) Organize kids into various interest groups.D) Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa.B) It is really marvelous to look at.C) It offers free dance classes to seniors.D) It offers people a chance to socialize.24. A) Their state of mind improved.B) They became better dancers.C) They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened.25. A) It is fun.B) It is life.C) It is exhausting.D) It is rhythmical.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levelsof 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state's bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' hearts and lungs are affected as a 28 . All of which, combined with California's reputation as the home of technological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google's Street View system. Davida Herzl, Aclima's boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workers went on strike and the city's 34 were forcedto use their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work" days have done their jobby 35 pollution lows.A) assisted B) collaborating C) consequence D) consumers E) creating F) detail G) domestic H) frequently I) inhabitants J) innovation K) intended L) outdoor M) pollutants N) restricted O) sumSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces 'Endangered' ListA) On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.B) "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.D) Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at the bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."F) For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—WorldHeritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.G) Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become "intensely politicized. There would have been some back-room negotiations."I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.K) But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and could even hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourismisn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, hisgeneration might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.36. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its cultural heritage.38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years.39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of tourists.40. If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day.41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice.42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local residents.43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism industry.44. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only focused on the revenues from tourism.45. UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areashad a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex. Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency.B) Add to their sustained happiness.C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Settle in an urban area.C) Gain fame and popularity.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its positive effect is.C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits people physically.49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation.C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class shipswere built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, all suffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51. What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A) They performed marvellously on the sea.B) They could all break the ice in their way.C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D) They were models of modern engineering.52. What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A) Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C) Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D) The long voyages they were able to undertake.53. What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A) It was a mere piece of decoration.B) It was the work of a famous artist.C) It was designed to let out extra smoke.D) It was easily identifiable from afar.54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A) Their unscientific designs.B) Their captains' misjudgment.C) The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D) The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55. What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A) She was used to carry troops.B) She was sunk in World War I.C) She was converted into a hospital ship.D) She was retired after her naval service.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
20186月英语四级考试真题试题附答案解析[(完整版)第2套]
. WORD 格式整理 . .Part I Writing (30 minutes )Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay o n the importanceof writing ability and how to develop it. Youshould write at l east 120 words but no more than180 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes )Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear threenews reports. At the end of each news report, youwill hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard .1.A) Annoyed.B) Scared.C) Confused.D) Offended.2.A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel .C)It was killed by the police on the spot.D)It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction .C)McDonald's new business strategies.D)Competition in the fast-food industry.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .4. A) Customers' higher demands. B) The inefficiency of employees. C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have justheard .5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs. B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration . C) U.S.government's approval of private space missions. D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space. C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraft toMars.7. A) It is significant. B) It is promising . C) It is unpredictab le . D) It is unprofitabl e .Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversationandthe questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must c hoose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through th e centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard .8. A ) Visiting her family in Thailand. B) Showing friends around Phuket. C) Swimming around a Thai island. D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9.A) She visited a Thaiorphanage. B) She met a Thaigirl's parents. C) Shelearned some Thai words. D)She sunbathed on a Thai beach.10.A) His class will start in a minute.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .B)He has got an incoming phone call.C)Someone is knocking at his door.D)His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop.C)He collects things from different countries.D)He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard .12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B)Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C)Signing up for a weight-loss course.D)Trying out a new gym in town.13.A) Professional personaltraining. B) Free exercise forthe first week.C) A discount for a half-year membership.D)Additional benefits for youngcouples. 14. A) The safety ofweight-lifting.B)The high membership fee.C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B)She used to do 200 sit-ups every day.C)She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D)She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections : In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each p assage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questi ons will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the c orresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard .16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B)They often apply for a number of positions.C)They worry about the results of their applications.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized .B)Edit their references.C)Find better-paid jobs.D)Analyze the searchingprocess. 18. A) Providetheir data in detail.B) Personalize each application .C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard .19.A) If kids did not like school, real learning wouldnot take place. B) If not forced to go to school, kidswould be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest .D)If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay awayfrom school. 20. A) Allow them to play interestinggames in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C)Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D)Design activities they now enjoy doing onholidays. 21. A) Allow kids to learn attheir own pace.B)Encourage kids to learn from each other.C)Organize kids into various interest groups.D)Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard .22. A) It is especially p opular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa.B) It is really marvelous to look at.C)It offers free dance classes to seniors.D)It offers people a chance tosocialize. 24. A) Their state ofmind improved.B)They became better dancers.C)They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened .. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .25.A) It isfun. B) Itis life.C) It isexhausting. D)It isrhythmical.Part Ⅲ ReadingComprehension (40 minutes )Section ADirection s : In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank morethan once.Since the 1940s, southern California has hada reputation for smog. Thingsare not as bad asthey once were but, according to the American Lung Associa tion, Los Angeles is still the worstcity in the United States for levels of26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, anart museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Oceanblurred by the haze ( 霾 ). Nor is the state's bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the centralvalley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution . Residents' hearts andlungsare affectedas a 28 . All of which, combined withCalifornia's reputation as the home oftechnological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing andtesting systems designed tomonitor pollutionin 30 . And that is justwhat Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has beendoing over the past few months.It has been trying out monitoring stations that are 31 to yield minute-to-minute maps of 32air pollution . Such stations will also be able to keep aneye onwhat is happening inside buildings, includingoffices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google's Street View system. Davida He rzl, Aclima'sboss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days whenSanFrancisco's transitworkerswent on strike and the city's 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely,"cycle to work"days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A) assisted B) collaboratingC) consequence D) consumers E) creating F) detail G) domestic H) frequently I) inhabitantsJ) innovation K) intendedL)outdoor M) pollutantsN) restricted O) sum. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .Section BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the par agraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the information isderived. You ma y choose a paragraph more thanonce. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions bymarking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals , Venice Faces 'Endangered' ListA)On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps atone of Venice' s main touristsites, the Rialto Bridge. TheRialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal.It is the oldest bridge across the canal , and w as the dividing line between the districts of SanMarco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist : it was filled with Venetians, nottourists.B)"People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Gener azione '90. The carts herefers to are small shopping carts —the symbol of a tr ue Venetian. "It started as a joke," hesays with a laugh."The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur.Preciselylike that, you just go around and run people down."C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a p roblem. Up to90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day — far outn umbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key re ason the city's population is downfrom 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumb ered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. Andthose who stick around are tir ed of living in a place where they can't even get to the marketwithout swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine,navigating through50, 000 people while on the way to school orto work.D)Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local andnational gove rnments havefailed to do anything about the crowdsfor decades, because they're only interested intourism — the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is acash cow,"she says, "and everyone wants apiece."E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year thatappear overtheir medieval ( 中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves atthe bottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad,"Chigi says."You see the mud itdrags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the cityunderwater. One day we'll see Ve nice break down."F)For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to ag ree. Two yearsago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not prot. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .ecting Venice. UNESCOconsiders the entire city a World HeritageSite, a greathonor that means Venice, at thecultural level, belongs to all ofthe world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years tomanage Venice'sflourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list —WorldHeritage InDanger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by thewar in Syria.G) Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur ( 嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO wasmeeting in Istanbul. Onlyonerepresen tative , Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue."For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has beenworsening, and it hasnow reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO."We have to act quickly — there isnot a moment towaste."H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote."It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers,the founder andCEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice inPeril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. culturalorganizationdidn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger isbecause UNESCO hasbecome "intensely politicized. There would have been someback-roomnegotiations."I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any othercountry in the world,granting it considerabl e power and influence within theorganization. The former head of theUNESCO World Heritage Centre, whichoversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, aVenetian who now serves asUNESCO's assistan t director -general for culture.J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accor d with UNESCO to establish a taskforce of police artdetectives andarchaeologists ( 考古学家) to protec tcultural heritage from natural disastersand terror groups, suc h as ISIS. The accor d underlined Italy's globa l reputation as a goodstewar d of art and culture.K) But adding Venice to the UNESCOendangered list— which is dominated by sites indeveloping and conflict -riddencountries — would be an internationalembarrassment , andcould even hurtItaly'sprofitable tourism industry. TheItalian Culture Ministry says itis unaware of any government effortsto pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined arequest for aninterview .L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO andtold itto mind its ownbusiness, while continuing to support the cruiseship industry,which employs 5,000Veniceresidents.M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated andhoping for a solution soo n."It's a nightmarefor me. Some situations are really difficultwith tourists around," says Giorgio ashe navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge."There are just so many of them.They never know where they are going, anddo not walk in an orderlymanner. Navigatingthe streets can beexhausting.". .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They'reVenetians. Giorgio sayshe'snever experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 yea rs."For once, we are the oneswho are blocking the traffic," he saysdelightedly."It feels unreal. It feels like we're someform of endangered species . It's justnice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, iftourism isn'tmanaged and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generationmight bethe last who can call themselves native Venetians.36. T he passing cruise ships will underminethe foundations of the ancient b uildingsinVenice.37. T he Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its culturalheritage.38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the pastfew years.39. T he decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to theincrease oftourists.40. I f tourism gets out of contro l , native Venetians may desert thecity altogether one day.41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibilitytoprotect Venice.42. T he participants in the Venetian march used shopping cartsto show they were 100% localresidents.43. I gnoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support ofthe city'stourism industry.44. O ne woman says that for decades the Italian government andlocal author ities have onlyfocused on the revenues from tourism.45. U NESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of WorldHeritage Si tes In Danger.Section CDirections : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four cho ices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2 with asingle line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage .Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long- lasting positive impac t on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green spacehad a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost . Co-author Mathew Whit. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .e, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that thestudy showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewersigns of depression or anxiety . "There could be a number of reasons," he said,"for example,people do many things to make themselves happier:they strivefor promotion or pay rises,or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year,people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are notsustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery ( 彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, butafter six months to a year, they were back to thebaseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living ingreener urban areashad a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after aperiod of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Surveycompiled by the Universityof Essex.Explaining what the data revealed,he said:"What you see is that even after threeyears, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make ushappy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressedpeople made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a linkbetween urban green spaces and apositive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said,"There's growing interest among publicpolicy officials, but thetrouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is todecide wherethe money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency .B) Add to their sustained happiness.C)Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D)Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47.W hat does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselveshappier? A) Earn more money.B) Settle in an urban area.C) Gain fame and popularity .D) Live in a green environment .48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .B)How strong its positive effect is.C)How long its positive effect lasts.D)How it benefits people physically.49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in agreenenvironment ?A)Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions requiredless deliberation . C) Their memories weregreatly strengthened .D)Their communication with others improved.50.A ccording to Dr. White, what should the government do tobuild more gre en spaces incities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue .Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage .You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art ( 先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland &Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White StarLine company. The Olympic classincluded the Olympic, the Britannic and theTitanic. What you may not know is that the Titanicwasn't even the flagship ofthis class.All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels ofseaengineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in1911, and lastlythe Britannic in1914. The ships had nine decks, and White StarLine decidedto focus on making them themost luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, andeveryone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on the open seas.The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did,but it was the only one to survive andmaintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanicwas the firstto sink aft erfamously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster ,the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sankas well.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by ex hausted crewsbelow deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the shi p's smoke stacks, but thefourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While twoof these ships sank, they were all de signed with double hulls ( 船体) believed to make them"unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship andtroop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending theera of the luxurious Olympic class ocean lin ers.51.W hat does the passage say about the three Olympicclass ships? A) They performed marvellously on the sea.B) They could all break the ice in their way.C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D) They were models of modern engineering.52. What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A) Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C) Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D)The long voyages they were able toundertake. 53. What is said about thefourth stack of the ships?A) It was a mere piece of decoration .B)It was the work of a famous artist.C)It was designed to let out extra smoke.D) It was easily identifiable from afar.54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A) Their unscientific designs.B) Their captains' misjudgment .C) The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D) The belief that they could never sink with a double- layer body.55.W hat happened to the ship Olympic inthe end? A) She was used to carry troops.B) She was sunk in World War I.C) She was converted into ahospital ship. D) She was retiredafter her naval service.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . . Part IV Translation(30 minutes )Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto translate a passagefrom Chineseinto English. You should write your answer onAnswer Sheet2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。