2011年英语考研模拟题3与精析
Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］ on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points) From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind's future 3 and cultural growth increased.Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.Current 11 of innateness theory(天生论) are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taughtin 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20, children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.1. ［A］ generated ［B］ evolved ［C］ born ［D］ originated2. ［A］ valuable ［B］ appropriate ［C］ convenient ［D］ favorite3. ［A］ attainments ［B］ feasibility ［C］ entertainments ［D］evolution4. ［A］ essential ［B］ available ［C］ reliable ［D］ responsible5. ［A］ confirm ［B］ inform ［C］ claim ［D］ convince6. ［A］ for ［B］ from ［C］ of ［D］ with7. ［A］ organizations ［B］ organisms ［C］ humans ［D］ children8. ［A］ potential ［B］ performance ［C］ preference ［D］ passion9. ［A］ as ［B］ just as ［C］ like ［D］ unlike10. ［A］ ideological ［B］ biological ［C］ social ［D］ psychological11. ［A］ reviews ［B］ reference ［C］ reaction ［D］ recommendation12. ［A］ In a word ［B］ In a sense ［C］ Indeed ［D］ In other words13. ［A］ various ［B］ different ［C］ the higher ［D］ the lower14. ［A］ revealed ［B］ exposed ［C］ engaged ［D］ involved15. ［A］ regulations ［B］ formations ［C］ rules ［D］ constitutions16. ［A］ Although ［B］ Whether ［C］ Since ［D］ When17. ［A］ distinguished ［B］ different ［C］ protected ［D］ isolated18. ［A］ exposition ［B］ comparison ［C］ contrast ［D］ interaction19. ［A］ acquisition ［B］ appreciation ［C］ requirement ［D］alternative20. ［A］ As a result ［B］ After all ［C］ In other words ［D］ Above allSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］, ［B］, ［C］ or ［D］. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1When Howell Raines was made executive editor of the New York Times in 2001, he brought with him a reputation as a fearless and independent newsman. Within days, al-Qaeda (基地组织) struck the World Trade Centre, and the coverage he oversaw turned him into an editorial legend, his army of reporters winning an unprecedented number of Pulitzer prizes.Yet, not a year and a half later, the discovery of fabrication by a young reporter triggered a managerial crisis that destroyed Mr Raines's career and exposed the newspaper to ridicule for being unable to detect a pathological(病态的) liar in its own newsroom. Not long afterwards, another reporter, who was also a favourite of Mr Raines's, departed as questions were being raised as to whether he had actually reported the stories appearing under his name. A year on, many inside the world's best known paper of record and integrity still worry if its reputation can be restored.Mr Raines got the editorship after pledging to raise the paper's "competitive metabolism" (新陈代谢). The newspaper's publisher, Arthur Sulzberger, had had ample opportunities to see his flaws. As bureau chief in Washington, DC, Mr Raines had treated a small group of reporters like pets, earning the dislike of the rest. Similar opinions had been voiced when he ran the newspaper's editorial page. But in each place, Mr Raines had made the New York Times noticed. And for Mr Sulzberger, that seemed to be an answer to a problem.Circulation had been stagnant for years, despite attempts to establish the New York Times as America's national paper. According to Seth Mnookin, a noted columnist, Mr Sulzberger and Mr Raines both felt that the newspaper was badly in need of a change. In Mr Raines's hands, this meant putting enormous pressure on getting the impossible story. Thepaper had also been making an effort to diversify the racial mix of its employees, a goal that Mr Raines endorsed. Both objectives converged in the career of Jayson Blair, whose talent as a writer was matched by his dishonesty as a reporter. His career was advanced by Mr Raines despite the trail of errors and suspect scoops (独家新闻) that he left.After the Blair disaster, a painful self-examination began at the New York Times which continues today. Among other things, a kind of devil's advocate was hired to criticise the paper's workings, and to go public about its contradictions. Daniel Okrent's column is one of the newspaper's more provocative, addressing its left-of-centre world view and its use of outside sources to provide false objectivity for its own conclusions. Perhaps the result of all this will be the change that Mr Sulzberger was seeking.21. Jason Blair was hired by the New York Times, because he .［A］ he proved to be a good reporter in getting some hot stories ［B］ he was a long time favorite reporter of Mr Raines'［C］ he promised to boost the circulation of the newspaper［D］ he was talented and racially correct at the right time22. Mr Raines' career was destroyed because he .［A］ failed to notify his publisher of the change of the editorial policy［B］ was held responsible for allowing unfounded stories to be published［C］ supported a young reporter in making up unfounded stories ［D］ took no action when the reputation of the newspaper was questioned23. Mr Raines was made executive editor of the newspaper because .［A］ he promised to enhance the competiveness of the newspaper ［B］ he had run the bureau in DC and the editorial section of the newspaper［C］ Mr Sulzerberger believed that he could reshape the newspaper ［D］ he knew how to spur his reporters and get hot stories done24. The author thinks Daniel Okrent .［A］ never hesitates to expose the contradictions of the newspaper ［B］ always supports his conclusions with his own investigations ［C］ is critical of the management of the newspaper［D］ fails to offer a balanced view on the subject he addresses25. The expression "the impossible story" (Line 4, Para. 4) most probably means .［A］ a news report of unusual proportions［B］ an unfounded news report ［C］ a report completed with difficulty ［D］ a news story aiming at making a stirText 2For the generation that grew up during the feminist revolution and the rapid social change of the 1960s and 1970s, it at first seemedachievement enough just to "make it" in a man's world. But coupled with their ambition, today's women have developed a fierce determination to find new options for being both parent and professional without sacrificing too much to either role or burning themselves out beyond redemption.Women have done all of the accommodating in terms of time, energy, and personal sacrifice that is humanly possible, and still they have not reached true integration in the workplace. For a complicated set of reasons-many beyond their control-they feel conflict between their careers and their children. All but a rare few quickly dispel the myth that superwomen ever existed.For many women, profession and family are pitted against one another on a high-stakes collision course. Women's values are stacked against the traditions of their professions. In the home, men and women struggle to figure out how dual-career marriages should work. Role conflict for women reaches far beyond the fundamental work/family dilemma to encompass a whole constellation of fiercely competing priorities. Women today find themselves in an intense battle with a society that cannot let go of a narrowly defined work ethic that is supported by a family structure that has not existed for decades. The unspoken assumption persists that there is still a woman at home to raise the children and manage the household. But the economic reality is that most people, whether in two-parent or single-parent families, need to work throughout their adult lives. As a consequence, the majority of today's mothers are in the labor market.The first full-fledged generation of women in the professions did not talk about their overbooked agenda or the toll it took on them and their families. They knew that their position in the office was shaky at best. With virtually no choice in the matter, they bought into the traditional notion of success in the workplace-usually attained at the high cost of giving up an involved family life. If they suffered self-doubt or frustration about how hollow professional success felt without complementary rewards from the home, they blamed themselves-either for expecting too much or for doing too little. And they asked themselves questions that held no easy answers: Am I expecting too much? Is it me? Am I alone in this dilemma? Do other women truly have it all?26. According to the passage, today's women .［A］ want to achieve a balance between her loyalties to work and family ［B］ are stronger advocates of gender equality than the older generation［C］ do not want to sacrifice anything at all for the desired liberation［D］ are getting no nearer to achieving their ambition in life27. What is the myth held by some "superwomen"?［A］ Personal careers can be reconciled with parentalresponsibilities.［B］ The devotion to career weighs more than the regard for children.［C］ They can resist the temptation of ambition to make great achievements［D］ The conflicts between careers and children can be resolved.28. In what way do women today find themselves in an intense battle with the society?［A］ The society regards women as less able to perform social tasks.［B］ Women do too much about their career and too little about their families.［C］ The society still holds the traditional image about a family.［D］ Women no longer regard the family as a basic unit of the society.29. When women fail to achieve a balance between work and children, they .［A］ let things go their own courses［B］ admit that they are not superwomen［C］ usually choose to give up their work［D］ often blame themselves for it30. The author's attitude towards women dilemma seems to be one of .［A］ suspicion ［B］ indifference ［C］ irony ［D］ sympathyText 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J. B. Say, "is a person who shifts economic resources out of an area of lower and into an area of higher productivity and yield." But Say's definition does not tell us who this entrepreneur is. Some define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and non-monetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald's. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast-food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black-and-white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were "above" the market-driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand,were the independent individuals of society. They were risk-takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price-conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses (e. g. consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors. Searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. Many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald's is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.31. According to the passage, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?［A］ A person knowing how to run his business.［B］ The owner of a profitable restaurant.［C］ An innovative business starter.［D］ A person who disregards business risks.32. "Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common" probably means .［A］ there wasn't much difference between entrepreneurs and professionals［B］ entrepreneurs in the past seemed to were live in an isolated world［C］ both entrepreneurs and professionals were workaholic in the past ［D］ entrepreneurs were those professionals conscious of risks33. From the passage, we learn that .［A］ an entrepreneur always has the courage to take risks［B］ an entrepreneur understand the market is fluctuating［C］ opportunities never favor those who don't understand the market ［D］ an entrepreneur is sensitive and responsive to the market34. The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .［A］ complete the definition of entrepreneur［B］ explain the main characteristics of entrepreneurs［C］ show what kind of people can become entrepreneurs［D］ illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35. What will most possibly follow the text?［A］ An example of how an entrepreneur operates.［B］ Another theory about entrepreneurship.［C］ The bad effects of entrepreneurs.［D］ The good effects of entrepreneurs.Text 4If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil (畏缩) from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have, today's scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today's leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation in the United States last year. "The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief," Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s-the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang-genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research than ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today's? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. "Look, don't get me wrong," says Mr. Horgan. "There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress. "36. By saying that "most of the best things have already been located", the author means .［A］ man now enjoys most of the best things that life can offer ［B］ man has discovered most of the great treasures in the world ［C］ so many discoveries are waiting to made by man［D］ we should not expect to see many genuine scientific revolutions37. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?［A］ John Horgan is shocked by the reaction to The End of Science.［B］ The End of Science becomes a target of criticisms in the United States.［C］ There are many unresolved problems in the world.［D］ The discovery of the genetic code is hailed as a revolutionary discovery.38. Genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades are scare because .［A］ there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental science［B］ there are too many important things for scientists to study ［C］ applied science and engineering take up too much time and energy ［D］ scientists in our times are not as intelligent as those in the past39. The term "the scientific enterprise" (Line 8, Para. 4) probably refers to .［A］ enterprises funded or supported by scientists［B］ any undertaking initiated by scientists［C］ the industriousness that scientists demonstrate［D］ the number of scientists all over the world40. Which of the following statements may be TRUE of the passage?［A］ Great scientific discoveries will never be possible.［B］ Scientists have to be ready for the challenge in our times ［C］ State sponsorship is not necessary to facilitate scientific discoveries.［D］ Chances for great scientific discoveries have become scarce.Part BDirections:You are going to read a text about the tips on marketing success, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.Philip Kotler is the S. C. Johnson & Son Distinguished Professor of International Marketing at the Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Amongst his many books is Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control, the most widely used marketing book in graduate business schools worldwide.In his interview with CNN, Professor Kotler offers his top tips for marketing success.Look at what you are doing now"Start by looking at the marketing activities you use and the marketing skills you have. You are probably doing a lot of the right things already. However, you should: 1) research what your market wants; 2) decide on your objectives, identify and choose your target customer groups and position your business to serve your chosen market profitably; 3) put the plan to work through selling and promoting your products and servicesto customers, through pricing and using appropriate distributors and agents effectively; and, finally, 4) monitor the effectiveness of your marketing activities in terms of customer satisfaction and the impact on your bottom line."(41) Come in under the radarBuilding a brand is a roll-out process, not a drop everywhere in the world at one time.(42) Know your customer"There are still too many CEOs who identify marketing with selling and advertising. But marketing has evolved to be not only product centered but customer centered. We are saying you've got to understand and choose the customers you want to serve. Don't just go after everyone. Define the target market carefully through segmentation and then really position yourself as different and as superior to that target market. Don't go into that target market if you-re not superior.(43) Own your branding"We are not in a state of competition anymore; we-re in a state of hyper-competition. So people are desperately looking forhandles-functional features, emotional appeals-that will draw people to their product.(44) Stay ahead of the competition"The worst thing is that if something works, your competitors are going to clone it and before you know it anything that you had as a differentiator is imitated by the others. So you're in the business of constant innovation. Constantly asking yourself, three years from now, what will our differentiator be?(45) Make it an experience"There's a big movement to say, we're not just adding services to our business and our product, we're actually trying to design an experience. You'll see that language being used. We're in the experience design business."Mr Kotler concluded, "Every person, every organization, every place, every celebrity is going to be known in some fashion. Now you can manage that or you can leave it to chance. I don't know of any sector that is not involved in marketing whether they call it that or something else.［A］ An increasing number of business schools are teaching marketing communications using an IMC-oriented textbook. First, this prepares the student to understand the role of different communication vehicles. Second, it makes the point that the company's brand and customer message must be communicated consistently through all media. Thus, if a company wants to be known for its high quality, it has to produce high quality and communicate high quality in all of its messages. "［B］ We are trying to make the case that it's much more important for a company to be customer-centric than product-centric. The samecustomer you have for product X may be available for product Y and Z and so on. And you won't know that if you have separate product managers, each only concerned with selling his or her product. "［C］ We should think of owning a word or a phrase that helps to build customer retention and loyalty. Look at how we buy the Mercedes because it's the best engineered car. We buy a BMW because it's the best driving performance. We buy the Volvo because it's the safest automobile. A lot of these companies lose that edge too, but they don't lose the impression. "［D］ "I had the CEO of a large company approach me and ask me to sign a copy of my book, which I always do, but this was a first edition from 1967. I looked at the book and I said I won't sign it. 'Why not?' he asked.I said, that book is from before there was the Internet. It has very little on branding, so I think it's useless. At which point he said to me, 'Are you trying to sell me a new copy?'And I said, 'Yes, but it's not for my benefit-I don't need the money.' Markets change, so marketing has to change."［E］ Do you know what the best selling imported beer is in the United States? It's Corona. Who would expect a beer from Mexico to be popular? The fact is it's a terrific beer. But they didn't just come to the U.S. and put it everywhere. They went to the cities with a Mexican population-Los Angeles, Chicago, New York -and then they put it in restaurants and stores there. The key to brand-building is to have something good that you roll-out in a very intelligent way. Maybe even invisibly for a while because you want to be under the radar screen of competitors. "［F］ Starbucks is a very good example where coffee is coffee but they decided to sell it differently, put a higher price, make it good-tasting and make it an experience rather than just some coffee. In fact, I've heard that if Starbucks closed its shops, a lot of people would go crazy. They are in such a habit of going to the Starbucks before work, taking the coffee, and they'd become desperate otherwise. "Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)Every year college enrolment time in China brings many controversies and stories. Rising tuition fees, the chances of poverty-stricken students entering colleges, enrolment corruption, regional equality of enrolment, curriculum reforms-all are themes of vigorous public debate.A topic of hot debate is the regional equality of the country's college enrolment.(46) China's colleges are mostly publicly invested, with some key national universities, such as Peking University and Tsinghua University, financed by the central government, with the others mainly funded by local governments. The Ministry of Education sets quotas for these key colleges and universities concerning how many students they should enroll from different regions. They are entitled to make small adjustments to the quota plan.(47) The issue of regional equality arises from the fact that many of the high-quality national universities financed by the central government admit a large proportion of students from where they are located, putting applicants from other regions at a "disadvantage."Some people argue that since these national universities are financed by the central government funds, or taxation paid by people from all regions, they should not favour local candidates. By not doing so, they are damaging educational equality. (48) Proponents of the differentiated enrolment policy argue that these universities have received various policy supports from local governments and it is justifiable for them to offer preferential terms to local applicants. Both arguments hold water, since this is a complicated question with no easy answers.It is a practice in many countries to favour, to a varied extent, local candidates in the enrolment programmes of colleges and universities. In China's case, these top national universities are mostly located in economically prosperous regions, where local taxpayers contribute relatively more to the central government's revenues.On the other hand, since the country's college enrolment is mainly based on the marks applicants achieve in the national examinations, the region-based selective enrolment policy would lead to the scenario that some students with lesser marks can enter the top universities while others who get higher marks cannot.(49) Admittedly, given China's unbalanced educational levels among different regions, the enrolment of a top national university cannot be equally split among different regions if it is to pick the best students. But an excessive preferential policy does not contribute to equality, either.(50) A long-term solution would lie in the improvement of China's overall higher education system, in which more colleges and universities can offer quality services and compete with those top national ones. In this way, students would have more choices and educational equality would be better achieved.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:。
2011年中考英语模拟试卷(三)含参考答案
2010年中考英语模拟试卷（三）第I卷（选择题共60分）一、听力（每小题1分，共20题，满分20分）第一节每小题你将听到一个对话，从A、B、C 三幅图中找出与你所听内容相符的选项。
每段对话读一遍。
( ) 1.A. B. C.( ) 2. A. B. C.( ) 3. A. B. C.( ) 4. A. B. C.( ) 5. A. B. C.第二节（本节共15小题）听下面的对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几小题，请根据你所听到的内容，从所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出一个恰当的答语。
听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6-7题。
6. Where is Bill?A. He is at home.B. He has gone to his hometown.C. He has gone to Jianglin.7. What‟s Nick‟s telephone number?A. 5512 3468B. 8512 3465C. 5212 3486听第7段材料，回答8-10题。
8. What happened yesterday?A. A car accident.B. A fire.C. An earthquake.9. What did Zhang Hua do?A.She saved Mrs Sun out of fire.B.She sent Mrs Sun to the hospital.C.She called 110 and put out the fire.10. How long did she have to stay in hospital?A. Two weeks.B. Three days.C. A week.听第8段材料，回答11-15题。
11. Which city will the man go to?A. He will go to Haikou.B. He will go to Beijing.C. He will go to Nanjing.12. How does he want to go there?A. By train.B. By coach.C. By air.13. When will he take the plane?A. At 8:15 p.m. on November, 26th.B. At 8:15 a.m. on November, 26th.C. At 8:30 a.m. on November, 26th.14. How many people will go with the man?A. Only one.B. Three.C. Four.15. How much money will the man pay for the four tickets?A. 1,000 yuan.B. 3,000 yuan.C. 4,000 yuan.听第9段材料，回答16-20题。
2011年英语考研模拟题4与精析
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark ［A］, ［B］, ［C］or ［D］on Answer Sheet 1. (10 points)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school.Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job.Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high 瞫chool students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work.14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .1. ［A］identification ［B］entertainment ［C］accommodation ［D］occupation2. ［A］however ［B］therefore ［C］though ［D］thereby3. ［A］entirely ［B］mainly ［C］partly ［D］his4. ［A］since ［B］therefore ［C］furthermore ［D］forever5. ［A］place ［B］chance ［C］field ［D］opening6. ［A］to ［B］for ［C］without ［D］with7. ［A］little ［B］few ［C］much ［D］ a lot8. ［A］chance ［B］basis ［C］purpose ［D］opportunity9. ［A］apply ［B］appeal ［C］stick ［D］turn10. ［A］imagined ［B］substantial ［C］acquired ［D］demanded11. ［A］concerning ［B］following ［C］considering ［D］disregarding12. ［A］preferences ［B］requirements ［C］tendencies ［D］ambitions13. ［A］contribute ［B］attach ［C］attribute ［D］allot14. ［A］Therefore ［B］However ［C］Nevertheless ［D］Moreover15. ［A］proportion ［B］part ［C］quanitity ［D］batch16. ［A］proposal ［B］suggestion ［C］consideration ［D］appraisal17. ［A］towards ［B］against ［C］out of ［D］without18. ［A］knowledge ［B］satisfaction ［C］culture ［D］sensitivity19. ［A］turns ［B］parts ［C］choices ［D］risks20. ［A］awards ［B］requirements ［C］results ［D］needsSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing ［A］, ［B］, ［C］or ［D］. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1. (40 points)Text 1It is said that people buy contemporary art when they are confident about the future and old art when they are not. Conventional wisdom has it that older art holds its value, while contemporary stuff is for risk-lovers. William Goetzmann, a professor at Yale, estimates that during the last art-market depression, which set in after 1990, impressionist and contemporary works fell by most (51% and 40% respectively), while Old Masters suffered least (down by 16%). Yet despite the ups and downs, contemporary works have been rewarding for those who are prepared to hang on: according to Jianping Mei and Michael Moses, professors at New York University (NYU) since 1970 the returns on contemporary art have far exceeded those on Old Masters and 19th-century paintings.Since the late 1980s, more sophisticated analysis of the art market and a growing interest in alternative investments have spurred the creation of several new investment funds focused on art. At a recent conference organised by one of these, the Fine Art Fund, Rachel Campbell of Maastricht University pointed out the low correlation between returns on art and on those other investments. Given that it usually pays to diversify, that is a good argument for investing in art, whatever your taste. The Fine Art Fund, which began buying this April (and has 36% of its money in cash), advises that investors spread their art allocation fairly evenly between Impressionists, Old Masters, modern art and contemporary works.Contemporary art, in particular, has served rich investors well in the past few years. Prices stayed stable when stock markets fell. Nevertheless, one recent academic study has found a correlation with another asset class: during the last world art boom, in the late 1980s, prices were closely tied to property values, specifically Japanese land prices. After 1990, art and property fell together. Now property prices in several countries are once again at frightening heights.Investing in art will always be a risky business. Works of art by definition belong to different categories; holding periods vary; the market is illiquid; art yields no income, producing only capital gain or loss; transaction costs are high. As for contemporary art in particular, it is a sobering thought that, according to Mr Moses, each year an average of only two artists emerge whose work increases in value over time. All this speaks against a big commitment to speculating in art; better, maybe, simply to buy what you like, if you can: treat your money, in other words, not as invested but as consumed.21. By saying that the market is illiquid (Line 2, Para. 4), the author suggests that .［A］art works seldom lose their value in the market［B］investment in art does not have guaranteed return of profits［C］the difficulty to trade art works is obvious and evident［D］the art market tends to be responsive to the economic situation22. The Fine Art Fund advise that investors need to spread their art allocation because .［A］Old Masters always promise a high return of profits［B］different art works are valued differently in the market［C］buying art works is always a good way of investment［D］people should be aware of the risks of investment in art23. The returns on contemporary art indicate .［A］people have come to see the value of contemporary art［B］the economic prospects are positively assessed［C］there is a growing interest in alternative art investments［D］investors have learned to spread their art allocation24. We can learn from the text that .［A］the two NYU professors advise people against buying Old Masters［B］cautious investors are advised to stay away from the art market［C］the real estate market is a good indicator of the art market［D］art investors should not speculate in the art market25. What is the possible attitude of Mr Moses toward investing in contemporary art?［A］Investors in contemporary art should be more patient.［B］ A supplicated analysis of the art market is always a must.［C］Contemporary art seems to promise greater returns of profits.［D］It is dangerous to speculate in the contemporary art market.Text 2They have been writers and actors, entertainers and creators. They have won Academy Awards and received critical acclaim. They have graced the covers of magazines.In the arts and entertainment world, women have made a myriad of contributions to what we know as popular culture. Although many female celebrities may be known more for their figures than their talents, women remain more than just pretty faces. Women's History Month promises to take a look back at the influential female lives and legacies that have shaped our society.In this century alone, a number of famous females have made their artistic marks. In the literary world, women such as Sylvia Plath and Colette composed celebrated works, establishing themselves as creative writers to be reckoned with. Colette, a prolific French novelist, tackled weighty themes such as the woman's struggle for independence. Her catalog of works includes celebrated novels such as Cheri and The Pure and the Impure. Plath, renowned for her suicide as much as for her writing, wrote The Bell Jar as well as a wealth of poetry.Within the realm of fashion, influential designers such as Coco Chanel changed the face of female dressing. The Chanel name has become synonymous with high style. Coco invented the little black dress, perfected a trademark scent-Chanel No. 5-and became famous for her tweed suits and quilted handbags.Hollywood starlets such as Katharine Hepburn transformed the film world. She was known for her portrayal of strong, spirited females in her films, clearly embodying what it means to be an independent woman. As Hepburn once said, "I never realized until lately that women were supposed to be the inferior sex. "The music industry has also seen its share of barrier-breaking female stars. Women such as Billie Holiday and Ella Fitzgerald endure as revered names within the jazz world. Similarly, Joan Baez took the folk music genre by storm. She was one of the most outspoken performers during the social turmoil of the 1960s, establishing herself not only as an acclaimed singer/songwriter but also as an activist for civil rights and nonviolence.Undeniably, women have contributed to our culture in immeasurable ways. From the silverscreen to the record-store shelves, the most talented stars exhibit a wealth of creativity, a fan瞱inning charisma and a unique dedication to their respective crafts-and many of them also happen to be female.26. Who may be considered as a feminist writer according to the passage?［A］Sylvia Plath.［B］Colettle.［C］Both Plath and Colette.［D］Neither Plath nor Colette.27. From the passage, we can learn that Chanel No. 5 is .［A］ a typical style of little black dress［B］ a perfume marketed by Chanel［C］ a high class way of life advocated by Coco［D］the chanel tweed suits and quilted handbags.28. By saying "women remain more than just pretty faces", the author means .［A］some women have nothing but pretty faces［B］beauty for many female celebrities is necessary［C］some women don't mange to be successful for beauty［D］each female celebrity has her own success story29. Joan Baez is called an outspoken performer because she .［A］stunned the world by the message her music expressed［B］was expressive for her performance on the stage［C］had to suffer the social turmoil of the 1960s［D］openly voiced her opinions on the major social issues30. Women's contributions to pop culture are NOT caused by .［A］their enthusiasm they have toward what they do［B］the physical appeal they have to the public［C］their understanding of the importance of pop culture［D］the display of their natural talents and giftsText 3Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true. It has never been truer than it is today. The young are better educated; they have a lot more money to spend and enjoy more freedom. They grow up more quickly and are not so dependent on their parents. They think more for themselves and do not blindly accept the ideals of their elders. Events which the older generation remembers vividly are nothing more than past history. This is as it should be. Every new generation is different from the one that preceded it. Today the difference is very marked indeed. The old always assume that they know best for the simple reason that they have been around a bit longer. They don't like to feel that their values are being questioned or threatened. And this is precisely what the young are doing. They are questioning the assumptions of their elders and disturbing their sense of feeling contended. They doubt that the older generation has created the best of all possible worlds.What they reject more than anything is conformity. Office hours, for instance, are nothing more than enforced slavery. Wouldn't people work best if they were given complete freedom and responsibility? And what about clothing? Who said that all the men in the world should wear dull gray suits and convict haircuts? If we turn our minds to more serious matters, who said that human differences can best be solved through conventional politics or by violent means? Why have theolder generation so often used violence to solve their problems? Why are they so unhappy and guilt-ridden in their personal lives; so obsessed with mean ambitions and the desire to amass more and more material possessions? Can anything be right with the rat-race? Haven't the old lost touch with all that is important in life?These are not questions the older generation can shrug off lightly. Their record over the past forty years or so hasn't been exactly spotless. Traditionally, the young have turned to the older for guidance. Today, the situation might be reversed. The old-if they are prepared to admit it-could learn a thing or two from their children. One of the biggest lessons they could learn is that enjoyment is not sinful. Enjoyment is a principle one could apply to all aspects of life. It is surely not wrong to enjoy your work and enjoy your leisure; to shed restricting inhibitions. It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past or future. The world is full of uncertainty and tension. This is their glorious heritage. Can we be surprised that they should so often question the sanity of the generation that passed it down?31. Which of the following features in the young is NOT mentioned?［A］Better educated［B］More money and freedom.［C］Greater independence. ［D］Respect for work.32. What do the young have an attitude for?［A］The differences between the old and young.［B］The assumption of the old generation.［C］The emphasis on violence as a solution to social problems.［D］The social conventions that they are expected to follow.33. Why do the young stress on the present because .［A］the past is full of sanity that should be done with［B］the present is more secure than the past［C］the present world is substantial and sustaining［D］the present is made up of a glorious heritage34. What can the old learn from the young generation?［A］Enjoyment is not despicable for what it is［B］People should have more time for leisure.［C］It is a blessing that people can learn to enjoy life［D］One should break free of the restrictions that life imposes35. How do the young think about office hours?［A］They are more painful than enforced slavery［B］They are happier than enforced slavery［C］They are almost as painful as enforced slavery［D］They are the most painful enforced slaveryText 4Researchers are finding that boys and girls really are from two different planets. Experts say boys and girls have different "crisis points", stages in their emotional and social development where things can go very wrong. Until recently, girls got all the attention. But boys are much more likely than girls to have discipline problems at school and to be diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Boys far outnumber girls in special-education classes. They're also more likely to commit violent crimes and end up in jail.Even normal boy behavior has come to be considered pathological（病态的）in the wake ofthe feminist movement. An abundance of physical energy and the urge to conquer－these are normal male characteristics, and in an earlier age they were good things, even essential to survival. "If Huck Finn or Tom Sawyer were alive today," says Michael Gurian, author of The Wonder of Boys, "we'd say they had ADD." He says one of the new insights we're gaining about boys is a very old one: boys will be boys. "They are who they are," says Gurian, "and we need to love them for who they are. Let's not try to rewire them."But what exactly is the essential nature of boys? Even as infants, boys and girls behave differently. A recent study at Children's Hospital in Boston found that boy babies are more emotionally expressive; girls are more reflective. (That means boy babies tend to cry when they're unhappy; girl babies suck their thumbs.) This could indicate that girls are innately more able to control their emotions. Boys have higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of neurotransmitter serotonin(神经传递素), which inhabits aggression(睾丸激素) and impulsivity. That may help explain why more males than females carry through with suicide or become alcoholics.There's a struggle between a desire and need for warmth on the one hand and a pull toward independence on the other. Boys are going through what psychologists long ago declared an integral part of growing up: individualization and disconnection from parents, especially mothers. But now some researchers think that process is too abrupt. When boys repress normal feelings like love because of social pressure, says William Pollack, head of the Center for Men at Boston's McLean Hospital, "they've lost contact with the genuine nature of whom they are and what they feel. Boys are in a silent crisis. The only time we notice it is when they pull the trigger."36. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first paragraph?［A］Boys and girls are different.［B］Boys need more attention than girls.［C］Girls almost need no help from society.［D］Boys are more difficult to educate than girls.37. What can be inferred about Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn (Line 4, Para. 2)?［A］They were more like today's girls than boys.［B］They suffered Attention Deficit Disorder but were not diagnosed.［C］They were energetic and conquering.［D］They had more problems than today's boys.38. The word "rewire" (Line 7, Para. 2) could best be replaced by .［A］restore to a former condition ［B］recognize the worth of［C］change the nature of ［D］address the problems of39. Which aspect of the boy瞘irl differences does Para. 3 discuss?［A］Physiological. ［B］Psychological. ［C］Cultural. ［D］Intellectual.40. It is implied in the passage that .［A］society approves of boys who have tender feelings［B］society expects boys to be independent［C］boys take more time to grow up than girls［D］boys and girls can never receive similar treatmentPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choosethe most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet 1.William Lanouette's biography of Leo Szilard, Genius in the Shadows, does more than reveal the life of a brilliant physicist and social activist; it sheds a perceptive light on the role of scientists in public policy. World War II is usually recognized as the coming of age of science in U.S. politics. Albert Einstein had become the world's first science celebrity and a person to whom presidents felt obliged to listen. (41) Bush laid the foundation for a postwar science policy that would put government in the dominant role in funding basic research.What is instructive about Szilard's life, however, is not the political influence of scientists as a group. (42) He believed that scientists should have more influence in policymaking in general-not because of their knowledge but because of their ability to think rationally. This faith in reason was a weakness in Szilard's political thinking, however, because it prevented him from understanding the emotional forces that must also be taken into account.(43) And although he often used the reputation of his friend Einstein to gain access to decision makers, he believed firmly that it was the power of his ideas that deserved attention. He felt the same way about science. Even as an unemployed and relatively unknown physicist, he expected the giants in the field to respect his ideas if they made sense.(44) He didn't assume that he should be listened to just because he was a brilliant physicist, and he accepted that even the most enlightened thinking had to be promoted vigorously to be influential. Of course, it didn't hurt that he was way ahead of his time in recognizing the threat posed by Hitler, the importance of nuclear weapons, and the problems with nuclear weapons that would arise after the war.(45) First, the most important policies are those that address issues bigger than science itself. Szilard studied and cared deeply about the larger issues of governance, not just the role of science. Second, he understood that his scientific training did not entitle him to influence and that the quality of his thinking did not mean that the world's leaders would come knocking at his door. He knew that to make a difference in the world it is necessary to think broadly; to win support through compelling analysis, not reputation; and to work tirelessly to promote one's ideas.［A］What Szilard did was to approach public policy with the same vigor, determination, and persistence with which good scientists approach science. What works in advancing science can also work in improving policy.［B］The key to Szilard's effectiveness and influence was his sense of responsibility for making the world a better place. Once he decided that something should be done, he devoted enormous energy, resourcefulness, and audacity to advancing his proposal.［C］But Szilard was not expecting to be influential in policy debates just because he was a scientist. An avid newspaper reader, he was extremely well informed about public affairs.［D］The Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb was an unprecedented federal investment in research, and questions about how to use the insights of nuclear physics for military and civilian purposes brought scientists into direct conversation with the nation's leaders.［E］Not everything that Szilard advocated was wise; reason sometimes overwhelmed common sense. Still, his life illustrates important lessons for scientists who want to influence public policy.［F］Indeed, it was the scientific hyper-rationality of someone like Szilard that Roald Hoffman had in mind when he questioned why scientists shouldn't run the world.［G］Szilard's efforts to convince the government to develop nuclear weapons and his subsequent campaigns to establish civilian and international control of the power of the atom are an inspiring example of how a determined individual can play a major role in public policy.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on Answer Sheet 2. (10 points)The universities are schools of education, and schools of research. (46) But the primary reason for their existence is not to be found either in the mere knowledge conveyed to the students or in the mere opportunities for research afforded to the members of the faculty.Both these functions could be performed at a cheaper rate, apart from these very expensive institutions. Books are cheap, and the system of apprenticeship is well understood. (47) So far as the mere imparting of information is concerned, no university has had any justification for existence since the popularisation of printing in the fifteenth century. Yet the chief impetus to the foundation of universities came after that date, and in more recent times has even increased.(48) The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning. The university imparts information, but it imparts it imaginatively. At least, this is the function which it should perform for society. A university which fails in this respect has no reason for existence.This atmosphere of excitement, arising from imaginative consideration, transforms knowledge. A fact is no longer a bare fact: it is invested with all its possibilities. It is no longer a burden on the memory: it is energising as the poet of our dreams, and as the architect of our purposes.Imagination is not to be divorced from the facts: it is a way of illuminating the facts. (49) It works by drawing the general principles which apply to the facts, as they exist, and then by an intellectual survey of alternative possibilities which are consistent with those principles. It enables men to construct an intellectual vision of a new world, and it preserves the zest of life by the suggestion of satisfying purposes.Youth is imaginative, and if the imagination be strengthened by discipline this energy of imagination can in great measure be preserved through life. The tragedy of the world is that those who are imaginative have but slight experience, and those who are experienced have feeble imaginations. Fools act on imagination without knowledge; pedants act on knowledge without imagination. The task of a university is to weld together imagination and experience.The initial discipline of imagination in its period of youthful vigour requires that there be no responsibility for immediate action. (50) The habit of unbiased thought, whereby the ideal variety of exemplification is discerned in its derivation from general principles, cannot be acquired when there is the daily task of preserving a concrete organisation. You must be free to think rightly and wrongly, and free to appreciate the variousness of the universe undisturbed by its perils.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Directions:Six months from now, you will be graduating from the university. For the time being, you are looking for a chance of internship at the Evening Post of the city.1) State your wish to work as an intern with the newspaper;2) Explain what kind of job that you're looking for;3) And State your reasons why you can do the job well.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on Answer Sheet 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should first describe the drawing, interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)答案Section One DACBC CABCA DBCDA CCBDASection Two CBBCD BBCDC DDCAC CCCAB DGCBE答案精析Section ⅠUse of English1. ［答案］D名词辨析。
2011年英语考研模拟题
Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points )In the past few decades, remarkable findings have been made in ethology, the study of animal social behavior. Earlier scientists had 1 that nonhuman social life was almost totally instinctive or fixed by genetics. Much more careful observation has shown that 2 variation occurs among the social ties of most species, showing that learning is a part of social life. That is, the 3 are not solely fixed by the genes.4，the learning that occurs is often at an early age in a process that is called imprinting. Imprinting is clearly 5 instinctive, but it is not quite like the learning of humans; it is something in between the two. An illustration best 6 the nature of imprinting. Once, biologists thought that ducklings followed the mother duck because of instincts. Now we know that, shortly 7 they hatch, ducklings fix 8 any object about the size of a duck and will henceforth follow it. So ducklings may follow a basketball or a briefcase if these are 9 for the mother duck at the time when imprinting occurs. Thus, social ties can be considerably 10, even ones that have a considerable base 11 by genetics.Even among the social insects something like imprinting 12 influence social behavior. For example, biologists once thought bees communicated with others purely 13 instinct. But, in examining a "dance" that bees do to indicate the distance and direction of a pollen source, observers found that bees raised in isolation could not communicate effectively. At a higher level, the genetic base seems to be much more for an all purpose learning rather than the more specific responses of imprinting. Chimpanzees, for instance, generally 14 very good mother but Jane Goodall reports that some chimps carry the infant upside down or 15 fail to nurture the young. She believes that these females were the youngest or the 16 child of a mother. In such circumstances, they did not have the opportunity to observe how their own mother 17 for her young. Certainly adolescent chimps who are still with their mothers when other young are born take much interest in the rearing of their young brother or sister. They have an excellent opportunity to learn, and the social ties that are created between mother and young 18 Goodall to describe the social unit as a family. The mother offspring tie is beyond 19;there is some evidence to 20 that ties also continue between siblings of the same sex, that is "brother brother" and "sister sister".1A assumedB adoptedC believedD surmised2A considerateB consideratedC considerableD considering3A statuesB statusesC statutesD statures4A What s moreB HenceC ButD However5A notB onlyC butD solely6A clarifiesB classifiesC definesD outlines7A thanB beforeC whenD after8A onB withC inD within9A appropriatedB substitutedC assignedD distributed10A variedB deviatedC differedD altered11A fashionedB modifiedC influencedD affected12A mayB shouldC mustD can13A byB out ofC fromD through14A proveB makeC turnD create15A otherwiseB stillC yetD even16A oneB soleC singleD only17A lookedB attendedC caredD provided18A guideB causeC directD lead19A limitationB imaginationC doubtD expectation20A adviseB hintC implyD suggestSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ARead the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1(40 points)Text 1New figures from France,Germany and Italy-the three biggest economies in the 12 country Eurozone -suggest the continent's economic woes may have been exaggerated.In France, evidence emerged that consumer spending remained solid in July and August,rising 1.4%and 0.6%respectively.Forecasters had generally expected the July figure to show a 0.1% slippage,with August unchanged.But the figures were flattered slightly by a down grade to the June figure,to 0.7% from1.5%.With manufacturing in the doldrums across Europe and the US,consumer spending has been increasingly seen as the best hope of stopping the global economic slowdown from turning into a recession.The French government said the news proved that the economy was holding up to the strain of the slowdown.Meanwhile in Germany,new regional price figures went someway towards calming fears about inflation in Europe's largest economy-a key reason for the European Central Bank's reluctance to cut interest 15 states said consumer prices were broadly stable,with inflation falling year on year.The information backed economists' expectations that inflation for the country as a whole is set to fall back to a yearly rate of 2.1%,compared to a yearly rate of 2.6% in August,closing in on the Euro wide target of 2%.The drop is partly due to last year's spike in oil prices dropping out of the year on year calculation.The icing on the cake was news that Italy's job market has remained buoyant.The country's July unemployment rate dropped to 9.4% from 9.6% the month before,its lowest level in more than eight years.And a business confidence survey from quasi governmental research group ISAE told of a general pick up in demand in the six weeks to early September.But the news was tempered by an announcement by Alitalia,the country's biggest airline,that it will have to get rid of 2，500 staff to cope with the expected contraction as well as selling 12 aeroplanes. And industrial group Confindustria warned that the attacks on US targetsmeant growth will be about 1.9% this year,well short of the government's 2.4% target. And it said the budget deficit will probably be about 1.5%,nearly twice the 0.8% Italy's government has promised its European Union partners.21We know from the first paragraph that.A new figures from the three European countries show the prediction of forecasters is exactly rightB European economy gets on better than forecasters have predictedC all of the forecasters expect the fully figure to show a reductionD in three European countries the consumer spending continues to rise22The term"in the doldrums"in Paragraph 2 refers to .A in the process of risingB experiencing a sharp turningC in the recessionD rising rapidly23Which of the following statements is true according to the text?.A The reason for the ECB's unwilling to cut interest rates is inflation was actually expected to fall in GermanyB In Germany consumer prices were fallingC Last year's oil prices dropping out of the year on year calculation directly leads to the drop of inflationD The European Central Bank is willing to cut interest rate24ln this passage,the word"buoyant" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to the word.A depressingB gloomyC activeD calm25lndustrial group Confindustria warned that.A the attacks on US targets lead to the comparatively lower growthB the growth had been well short of the government's targetC the budget deficit must be about 1.5%D the budget deficit will probably be great different from the country's promiseText 2Survey results indicate that smoking and alcohol and marijuana use increased among residents of Manhattan duringone third of the nearly 1,000 persons interviewed reported an increased use of alcohol, marijuana, or cigarettes following the September 11th attacks. The largest increase was in alcohol use. About one fourth of the respondents said they were drinking more alcohol in the weeks after September 11; about 10% reported an increase in smoking, and 3.2% said they had increased their use of marijuana.The investigators found survey participants by randomly dialing New York City phone numbers and screened potential respondents for Manhattan residents living in areas close to the World Trade Center. Interviews were conducted with 988 individuals between October 16 and November 15, 2001. Participants were asked about their cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, and marijuana use habits before and after September 11. During the week prior to September 11, 2001, 22.6% of the participants reported smoking cigarettes, 59.1% drinking alcohol, and 4.4% using marijuana. After September 11th, 23.4% reported smoking cigarettes, 64.4% drinking alcohol, and 5.7% smoking marijuana. Among those who smoked, almost 10% reported smoking at least an extra pack of cigarettes a week and among those who drank alcohol, more than 20% reported imbibing at least one extra drink a day.The researchers found that people who reported an increase in substance abuse were more likely to suffer from post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and from depression. People who reported an increase in cigarette smoking or marijuana use were also more likely to have both PTSD and depression, while those who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have depression only. Persons who were living closer to the World Trade Center were more likely to increase their cigarette smoking, but other factors such as being displaced from home, losing possessions during the attacks, or being involved in the rescue efforts were not consistently associated with increased substance use. Symptoms of panic attack were associated with an increase in the use of all substances.Increase in substance abuse did not differ significantly between men and women or among racial or ethnic groups. Demographic factors such as age, marital status, and income seemed to play a more critical role in determining if the events of September 11th led to an increase in substance use.26. The survey results suggest that the largest increase in substance use was .A alcoholB marijuanaC cigarettesD cocaine27. The survey participants were .A randomly selected United States citizensB randomly selected New York City citizensC randomly selected Manhattan residents who live close to the World Trade CenterD randomly selected American citizens who witnessed the terrorist attack28. The author is trying to show that .A use of substances may vary from time to timeB abuse of certain substances is harmful for healthC the attack of september 11th has left incurable harm to people s mental healthD terrorist attack increase anxiety and sense of insecurity among residents29. What can be said about substance abuse after September 11?A People who reported an increase in alcohol use were more likely to have PTSD.B People who were living closer to World Trade Center were most likely to increase cigarette smoking.C Displacement from home and involvement in rescue efforts were consistently associated with increased substance use.D Symptoms of panic attach were unrelated with increased use of substances.30. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A Demographic information such as gender, race and marital status was not collected.B Gender and race do not have much effect on the amount of substance abuse.C Age and marital status do not make any difference on substance abuse.D Income is a better predictor of substance abuse than age.Text 3The entrepreneur, according to French economist J.B. Say, "is a person who shifts economic resources out of an areaSome define the entrepreneur simply as one who starts his or her own new and small business. For our purposes, we will define the entrepreneur as a person who takes the necessary risks to organize and manage a business and receives the financial profits and nonmonetary rewards.The man who opens a small pizza restaurant is in business, but is he an entrepreneur? He took a risk and did something, but did he shift resources or start the business? If the answer is yes, then he is considered an entrepreneur. Ray Kroc is an example of an entrepreneur because he founded and established McDonald s. His hamburgers were not a new idea, but he applied new techniques, resource allocations, and organizational methods in his venture. Ray Kroc upgraded the productivity and yield from the resources applied to create his fast food chain. This is what entrepreneurs do; this is what entrepreneurship means.Many of the sharp, black and white contrasts between the entrepreneur and the professional have faced to a gray color. Formerly, professionals such as doctors, lawyers, dentists, and accountants were not supposed to be entrepreneurial, aggressive, or market oriented. They were "above" the market driven world. Entrepreneurs, on the other hand, were the mavericks of society. They were risk takers who aggressively sought to make something happen. Long hours were about all the two worlds had in common. However, increased competition, saturated markets, and a more price conscious public have changed the world of the professionals. Today they need to market their skills, talents, and competencies; Lawyers advertise their services. Doctors specialize in one form of surgery. Accounting firms join with other businesses(e.g., consulting and law) to serve clients.Entrepreneurs exhibit many different behaviors; searching for a specific personality pattern is very difficult. Some entrepreneurs are quiet, introverted, and analytical. On the other hand, some are brash, extroverted, and very emotional. many of them share some qualities. Viewing change as the norm, entrepreneurs usually search for it, respond to it, and treat it as an opportunity. An entrepreneur such as Ray Kroc of McDonald s is able to take resources and shift them to meet a need. Making the decision to shift resources works better if a person is creative, experienced, and confident.31.According to the first paragraph, who can be regarded as an entrepreneur?A.The CEO of a big company.B.The owner of a profitable restaurant.C.A man who started a new kind of business but eventually failed after 5 years because of some financial problems.D.A successful salesman.32.Which of the followings are necessary for an entrepreneur?①a resource shifter②one who starts a new business③non professional④money gaining⑤a risk takerA.①②③B.①②④⑤C.①②⑤D.①②③④⑤33.From the text, we learn that .A.an entrepreneur should be very extrovertedB.an entrepreneur should be quick to seize opportunitiesC.change is not norm in an entrepreneur s eyesD.the French economist J.B. Say is the first person who gave the definition of "entrepreneur"34.The purpose of the author in writing the passage is to .plete the definition of entrepreneurB.tell the readers what is entrepreneur and the main characteristics of entrepreneursC.show what kind of people can become entrepreneursD.illustrate why Ray Kroc can become an entrepreneur35.What will most possibly follow the text?A.An example of how an entrepreneur operates.B.Another theory about entrepreneurship.C.The bad effects of entrepreneurs.D.The good effects of entrepreneurs.Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials.For the artist this means wider opportunities.There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man's work.Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture.Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object,to see its various sides superimposed on each other(as in Cubism or in an X ray).Today,welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past.This new method encourages open designs,where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists,but no less influential,are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,discoveries that have infiltrated recent art,especially Surrealism.The Surrealists,in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life,claimed that dreams were the only hope.Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious,they banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past,present and intervening psychological states.The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms.Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.For them,obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional message of expressionism.They did not need to smash paint and canvas;they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life.In a period when science has made revolutionary strides,artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories.But this has rarely been a one way street.Painters and sculptors,though admittedly influenced by modern science,have also molded and changed our world.If break up has been a vital part of their expression,it has not always been a symbol of destruction.Quite the contrary:it has been used to examine more fully,to penetrate more deeply,to analyze more thoroughly,to enlarge,isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect.In addition,it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world,but in fact to interpret it.36.According to the passage,it is true that.A artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technologyB artistic creations have made great strides scientificallyC artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advancesD artistic creations are the reflection of the material world37.The welding techniques.A can cause a lot of changes in sculpture artsB permit details of an object to be seen clearlyC can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor's designsD can make artists adaptable to be surroundings38.We can learn from the text that Freud's studies.A are more ambiguous than any other scientific inventionB have influenced other scientific inventionsC cause SurrealismD have infiltrated Surrealism39.Which of the following is true about Surrealists?A They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream experiences.B They tried to express their subconscious world.C They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.D They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.40.The sentence "But this has rarely been a one way street."in the last paragraph means that.A contemporary art has been nourished by modern scienceB modern science has been nourished by artC artists can become scientists and scientists can become artistsD the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutualDirections:In the following article,some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank.There are two extra choices,which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)Aremote Patagonian town that's just beginning to prosper by guiding tourists through the virgin forests nearby is being shaken by the realization that it's sitting on a gold mine. Literally.41)___________________________________________________________________Esquel's plight is winning attention from international conservation and environmental groups such as Greenpeace.42)__________________________About 3.2 million acres already are under contract for mineral exploration in poor and sparsely settled Chubut Province, where Esquel is, near the southern tip of South America. 43)______________________________________ Meridian's project, about 5 miles outside Esquel at a higher elevation, is about 20 miles from a national park that preserves rate trees known as alerces, a southern relative of California's giant sequoia. Some of them have been growing serenely in the temperate rain forest for more than 3,000 years.The greatest fear is that cyanide, which is used to leach gold from ore, will drain downhill and poison Esquel's and possibly the park's water supplies. The mine will use 180 tons of the deadly chemical each month. Although many townspeople and some geologists disagree, the company says any excess cyanide would drain away from Esquel."We won't allow them to tear things up and leave us with the toxic aftermath," said Felix Aguilar, 28, as he piloted a boatload of tourists through a lake in the Alerces National Park."We take care of things here, so that the entire world can hear and see nature in its pure state. The world must help us prevent this."44)__________________________________________________________________________A young English botanist named Charles Darwin, the author of the theory of evolution, was the first European to see alerces, with trunks that had a circumference of 130 feet. He gave the tree its generic name, Fitzroya cupressoides, for the captain of his ship, Robert Fitzroy.Argentina, pressed by the United States, Canada, the World Bank and other global lenders, rewrote its mining laws in the 1990s to encourage foreign investment.45)________________________________________Argentina took in more than＄1 billion over the past decade by granting exploration contracts for precious metals to more than 70 foreign and domestic companies. If the country were to turn away a major investor, the message to its mining sector would be chilling.［A］Whether Meridian Gold Corp. gets its open pit gold mine outside Esquel could determine the fate of mining in Patagonia, a pristine region spanning southern Argentina and Chile.［B］Forest ecologist Paul Alaback, a University of Montana professor who studies the alerces, said Argentine authorities could gain from Alaska's successful nature based tourism.［C］More than 3,000 worried Esquel residents recently took to the streets in protests aimed at assuring that their neat community of 28,000 becomes a ecotourism center, not a gold rush town.［D］American Douglas Tomkins,the founder of the Esprit clothing line and a prominent global conservationist, has bought more than 800,000 wilderness acres in Chile to preserve alerces and protect what's left of the temperate rain forest. Ted Turner, the communications magnate, also has bought land in Argentine Patagonia with an eye to conservation.［E］Residents also complain that Argentina hasn't given nature based tourism a chance.［F］Mining companies received incentives such as 30 years without new taxes and duty free imports of earth moving equipment.［G］In Argentina, the town has become a national symbol in the debate over exploitation vs. preservation of the country's vast natural resources.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)anymore.More Americans than ever are tying the knot (getting married) for the third time or more.Lynn Y. Naugle Haspel,a 53year old family therapist in New Orleans,says that people's personal needs and desires simply changes as their life evolves."What functions well in the first part of our lives may not function well in the second or third parts of our lives,"she explains.She didn't start her career as a therapist until her children from her first marriage went to school.That marriage lasted 21 years,her second marriage five years.Two years ago,she wed for a third time,and she describes this union as an "extremely easy marriage".Today,at an estimated one of seven weddings,the bride,the groom or both are making that trip down the aisle for at least the third time.That's twice as many as a generation ago,according to the US National Centre for Health Statistics.46)In part,the surge in multiple marriages is a side effect of the 1970s divorce boom that has supplied an ever expanding pool of divorced singles.Even the simple fact that people are living longer has opened the door to marrying more often.No fault divorce laws (meaning no one is blamed for the failure of the marriage),and cultural changes have also meant there's less peer pressure than in past generations to stay in a joyless or abusive marriage.47)While a single divorce didn't block either Ronald Reagan or Bob Dole from seeking the most highly scrutinized job in America - the US presidency - modern society still raises an eyebrow at more than one matrimonial mistake.Indeed,there are signs that attitudes are changing.Even the language is softening.Clinical papers in social science journals no longer probe for "neurosis" or mental depressive disorder among the "divorce prone". More and more marriages are said to "end," not "fail," and one author has coined the term "encore marriages"."It's coming out of the closet or becoming more accepted," says Glenda Riley,a Ball State University professor who wrote a book on the history of divorce in the US.48)"There's still embarrassment on the personal level,while there is growing acceptance on the public level" for three or more marriages in a lifetime.49)Some experts say that the trend toward multiple marriages shows an erosion in Americans' capacity for commitment."We live in the age of light.We have light cream cheese,light beer,light mayonnaise,"says Wayne Sotile,a psychologist and marriage counselor in Winston Salem,North Carolina.But,he adds,"There's no such thing as light,long term,intimate,romantic marriage.You've got to commit yourself to those things."There's no guarantee,of course,that the third time is the best.50)To the contrary,second and third marriages run an equal or greater risk of divorce than first marriages,which today are given 4out of10 odds of failing,and they tend to end more quickly.Divorce statistics show that failed second marriages typically end two years sooner than first marriages,lasting six years on average rather than eight.That leaves some doubly divorced people open for a third try at a relatively young age.Section ⅢWritingPart A51.Direction:You've just come back from a tour in JiuZhaiGou, and you're writing to your friend Mary.1)tell her that you've been back at the very day2)share your travelling experience with her3）invite her to a tour in ZhangJiajie in the coming yearYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Jane" instead. You do not need to wirte the address.(10 points)Part B52.Direction:study the following picture carefully and write an essay of about 200 words.In the essay you should1)interpret the picture's meaning2)give your comments on the phenomenon3)give your suggestions to solve the problem答案Section ⅠUse of English根据题意，"早期的科学家，假定非人类动物的社会生活几乎完全是天生的，或是由遗传决定的",assume多用于未证实的假定；adopt 意为"采用，接受"；believe 意为"相信"；surmise 意为"猜测，推测"，相当于"guess"。
2011年全国公共英语三级模拟试题及答案
Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Directions: This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them. There are two parts in this section, Part A and Part B. Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening comprehension section, you will have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto your ANSWER SHEET I. If you have any questions, you may raise your hand NOW as you will not be allowed to speak once the test has started. Now look at Part A in your test booklet. Part A You will hear 10 short dialogues. For each dialogue, there is one question and four possible answers. Choose the correct answer-A, B, C or D, and mark it in your test booklet. You will have 15seconds to answer the question and you will hear each dialogue ONLY ONCE. Example: You will hear: W: Could you please tell me if the Beijing flight will be arriving on time? M:Yes, Madam. It should be arriving in about ten minutes. You will read: Who do you think the woman is talking to? [A] A bus conductor. [B]A clerk at the airport. [ C] A taxi driver. [D]A clerk at the station. From the dialogue, we know that only a clerk at the airport is most likely to know the arrival time of a flight, so you should choose answer [ B ] and mark it in your test booklet. Sample Answer: [A] [B] [C] [D] Now look at question 1. 1. What does the woman mean? [A] She invites the man to a pot luck next weekend. [ B ] She asks the man to help her with the gardening. [ C ] She is not free today. [D] She agrees to meet the man next Saturday. 2. What will the man do? [A] Join his friends. [B] Play a card game. [C] Catch up with others. [D] Do more studying. 3. Where did this conversation most probably take place? [A] At the bookstore. [B] At a department store. [C] At a club. [D] At a school. 4. How much will the man pay for two tickets? [A] $8. [B] $24. [C] $18. [D] $36. 5. What do they decide to do? [ A ] The man will bring some food back for dinner. [ B ] They will go to their friend ' s home for supper. [ C ] The woman will fill the refrigerator before supper. [ D ] They will eat out for dinner. 6. How does the woman feel at the end of the conversation? [A] Angry. [B] Relieved. [C] Upset. [D] Sarcastic. 7. What is the man going to do this morning? [A] Paint the bookshelf. [B] Fix the table. [C] Wash the car. [D] Go to the beach.8. How many students were absent from the test? [A] 15. [B] 20. [C] 25. [D] 30. 9. What do we learn from the conversation? [A] The man needs three weeks to do something before leaving for Europe. [B] Something prevents the man from going to Europe. [ C] The woman is leaving for Europe in just three weeks. [D] The man is excited about his trip to Europe. 10. What do we learn from this conversation? [A] The man is giving a party. [B] The woman is staying at home. [ C] The man is going to lower the music volume. . [ D] The woman is invited to join the man. Part B You are going to hear four conversations. Before listening to each conversation, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. After listening, you will have time to answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. You will hear each passage or conversation ONLY ONCE. Mark your answers in your test booklet. Questions 11-13 are based on the following conversation. You now have 15 seconds to read the Questions11 -13. 11. What is an active holiday according to the man? [A] Sitting around. [ B] With joys of social activities. [ C ] Doing nothing. [ D ] Holiday with a lot of exercise. 12. Which of the following belongs to the man's preferences? [ A ] Water skiing. [ B ] Shark fishing. [C] Rowing. [D] Camping. 13. Which of the following doesn' t belong to the woman' s suggestions? [ A ] Skin diving. [ B ] Golfing. [G] Rowing. [D] Canoeing. You now have 30 seconds to check your answers to questions 11 -13. Questions 14-17 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 14 -17. 14. Why does the woman want to go to the movie? [Aj Because she is tired of staying at home all day. [ B ] Because there is a good film in the neighborhood theater. [C] Because she enjoys going to the movies. [ D] Because she is tired of watching TV. 15. What does "I'd rather not spend a lot of money" imply? [A] She prefers to spend money on something else. [B] Tickets in downtown theaters are very expensive. [C] People cannot help buying things if they go downtown. [D] It would take a long drive to get there. 16. Why does the woman say she doesn't want to see the movie Gone with the Wind ? [A] Because the movie theater is too far away. [B] Because the film is too old. [C] Because she doesn't want to see it a second time. [D] Because it's a popular film so the tickets would be quite expensive. 17. What may you infer from the dialogue? [A] People are tired of watching TV nowadays. [B] Baseball games attract more people than films do. [ C ] There aren ' t any films worth seeing in local theaters. [D] The woman is rather hard to please. You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to questions 14 -17. Questions 18-21 are based on the following passage. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 18 -21. 18. Which floor is the most dangerous if a cat falls from it? [A] The 7th floor. [ B] The 32nd floor. [C] The 4th floor. [D] The 20th floor. 19. How many cats can survive a fall from two or three storeys? [A] 100%. [B] 50%. [C] 90%. [D] 10%. 20. What do cats probably do after they have reached the terminal speed? [A] They feel extremely terror-stricken. [B] They become relieved from strain. [C] They fly like flying squirrels. [D] They try to hold on to something. 21. What makes cats land on their feet? [A] Fear of death. [B] The terminal speed. [C] The light weight of cats. [D]A sense of balance. You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to questions 18 -21. Questions 22 - 25 are based on the following conversation. You now have 20 seconds to read the questions 22 -25. 22. What does the International Center send out to students? [A]A diagram of their facilities. [ B] A timetable of events. [ C] Maps of the city. [ D ] Samples of coffee from other countries.23. How does the man feel about the local customs? [A] Fearful. [B] Angry. [C] Disinterested. [D] Confused. 24. What does the woman say about her family? [A] They live far away. [B] They frequently invite students to their home. [C] They come from another country. [D] They visit her every weekend. 25. When does the International Center close on week nights? [A] 11:30. [B] 10:30. [C] 8:00. [D] 8:30. You now have 40 seconds to check your answers to questions 22 - 25. Now you have 3 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet to the ANSWER SHEET 1. That is the end of the listening comprehension section. Section Ⅱ Use of English (15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or Don your ANSWER SHEET 1. Text What do we mean by a perfect English pronunciation? In one 26 there are as many different kinds of English as there are speakers of it. 27 two speakers speak in exactly the same 28 We can always hear differences 29 them, and the pronunciation of English 30 a great deal in different geographical 31 . How do we decide what sort of English to use as a 32 This is not a question that can be 33 in the same way for all foreign learners of English. 34 you live in a part of the world 35 India or West Africa, where there is a long 36 of speaking English for general communication purposes, you should 37 to acquire a good variety of the pronunciation of this area. It would be a 38 in these circumstances to use as a model BBC English or 39 of the sort. On the other hand, if you live in a country 40 there is no traditional use of English, you must take 41 your model some form of 42 English pronunciation. It does not 43 very much which form you choose. The most 44 way is to take as your model the sort of English you can 45 most often. 26. [A] meaning [B] sense [C] case [D] situation 27. [A] Not [B] No [C] None [D] Nor 28. [A] type [B] form [C] sort [DJ way 29.[A} between [B] among [C] of [D] from 30. [A] changes [B] varies [C] shifts [D] alters 31. [A] areas [ B ] parts [ C ] countries [ D ] spaces= " 2 1 4 " > 0 0 3 2 . [ A ] d i r e c t i o n [ B ] g u i d e [ C ] s y m b o l [ D ] m o d e l b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > 0 0 3 3 . [ A ] g i v e n [ B ] r e s p o n d e d [ C ] s a t i s f i e d [ D ] a n s w e r e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > 0 0 3 4 . [ A ] B e c a u s e [ B ] W h e n [ C ] l f [ D ] W h e t h e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > 0 0 3 5 . [ A ] a s [ B ] i n [ C ] l i k e [ D ] n e a r b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 0 0 3 6 . [ A ] c u s t o m [ B ] u s e [ C ] t r a d i t i o n [ D ] h a b i t b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > 0 0 3 7 . [ A ] a i m [ B ) p r o p o s e [ C ] s e l e c t [ D ] t e n d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > 0 0 3 8 . [ A ] f a s h i o n [ B ] m i s t a k e [ C ] n o n s e n s e [ D ] p o s s i b i l i t y b rb d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > 0 0 3 9 . [ A ] e v e r y t h i n g [ B ] n o t h i n g [ C ] a n y t h i n g [ D ] t h i n g s b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > 00 4 0 . [ A ] w h e r e [ B ] t h a t [ C ] w h i c h [ D ] w h e r e v e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 0 0 4 1 . [ A ] t o [ B ] w i t h [ C ] o n [ D ] a s b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > 0 0 4 2 . [ A ] p r a c t i c a l [ B ] d o m e s t i c [ C ] n a t i v e [ D ] n e w b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 5 " > 00 4 3 . [ A ] c a r e [ B ] a f f e c t [ C ] t r o u b l e [ D ] m a t t e r b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 6 " > 0 0 4 4 . [ A ] e f f e c t i v e [ B ] s e n s i ti v e [ C ] o r d i n a r y [ D ] c a r e f u l b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 7 " > 0 0 4 5 . [ A ] l i s t e n [ B ] h e a r [ C ] n o t i c e [ D ] f i n d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > 0 0 S e c t i o n 1 1 R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 9 " > 0 0 ( 4 0 m i n u t e s ) b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 0 " > 0 0 P a r t A b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 1 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 2 " > 0 0 R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t h r e e t e x t s . A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s o n e a c h t e x t b y c h o o s i n g A , B , C o r D . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n t h e A N S W E R S H E E T b y d r a w i n g a t h i c k l i n e a c r o s s t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r i n t h e b r a c k e t s . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 3 " > 0 0 T e x t I b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 4 " > 0 0 I f y o u w a n t t o s t a y y o u n g , s i t d o w n a n d h a v e a g o o d t h i n k . T h i s i s t h e r e s e a r c h f i n d i n g o f a t e a m o f J a p a n e s e d o c t o r s , w h o s a y t h a t m o s t o f o u r b r a i n s a r e n o t g e t t i n g e n o u g h e x e r c i s e - a n d a s a r e s u l t , w e a r e a g e i n g u n n e c e s s a r i l y s o o n . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 5 " > 0 0 P r o f e s s o r T a i j u M a t s u z a w a w a n t e d t o f i n d o u t w h y o t h e r w i s e h e a l t h y f a r m e r s i n n o r t h e r n J a p a n a p p e a r e d t o b e l o s i n g t h e i r a b i l i t y t o t h i n k a n d r e a s o n a t a r e l a t i v e l y e a r l y a g e , a n d h o w t h e p r o c e s s o f a g e i n g c o u l d b e s l o w e d d o w n . b r b d s f i d = " 2 3 6 " > 0 0 W i t h a t e a m o f c o l l e a g u e s a t T o k y o N a t i o n a l U n i v e r s i t y , h e s e t a b o u t m e a s u r i n gb r a i n v o l u m e s o f a t h o u s a n d p e o p l e o f d i f f e r e n t a g e s a n d v a r y i n g oc c u p a t i o n s .。
2011年英语三级模拟试题及答案
英语三级测试试题Part II Reading Comprehension (30%)Questions 1 to 4 are based on the following passages: He was in the first third-grade class I taught at Saint Mary’s School in Morris, Minnesota. All34 of my students were dear to me, but Mark Eklund was one in a million. Very neat in appearance, he had that happy-to-be-alive attitude that made even his occasional mischievousdelightful.One morning my patience was growing thin when Mark talked once too often, and then I made a novice-teacher’s mistake. I looked at Mark and said, “ If you say one more word, I am going to tape your mouth shut!” But he talked again. Without saying a word, I proceeded to Mark’s desk, tore off two pieces of tape and made a big X with them over his mouth. After class he said to me, “Thank you for correcting me, Sister!”The years flew by, and before I knew it Mark was in my class again. One Friday, things just didn’t feel right. We had worked on a new concept all week, and I sensed that the students were growing frustrated with themselves—and edgy with one another. So I asked them to list the names of the other students in the room on two sheets of paper, leaving a space between each name. Then I told them to think of the nicest thing they could say about each of their classmatesand write it down.It took the remainder of the class period to finish the assignment, but as the students left the room, each one handed me the papers. Charlie smiled. Mark said, “ Thank you for teachingme, Sister. Have a good weekend.”That Saturday, I wrote down the name of each student on a separate sheet of paper, and I listed what everyone else had said about that individual. On Monday I gave each student his or her list. Some of them ran tow pages. Before long, th4e entire class was smiling. “Really?” I heard whispered. “I never knew that meant anything to anyone!”“I didn’t know others liked meso much!”No one ever mentioned those papers in class again. Several years later, after I returned from a vacation, my parents met me at the airport. From them I knew that Mark was killed in Vietnam. So I attended the funeral. After the funeral, Mark’s father took a wallet out of his pocket. “They found this on Mark when he was killed. We thought you might recognize it.”Opening the billfold, he carefully removed two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times. I knew without looking that the papers were the ones on which I had listed all the good things each of Mark’s classmates had saidabout him.Mark’s classmates started to gather around us. Charlie smiled rather sheepishly and said, “I still have my list. It’s in the top drawer of my desk at home.” Chuck’s wife said, “ Chuck askedme to put his in our wedding album.”That’s when I finally sat down and cried. I cried for Mark and for all his friends who wouldnever see him again.1. When Mark was in the third grade, he ＿＿＿.A) was very shy and quietB) was rough and disobedientC) never talked without permissionD) often talked without permission2. One Friday, the students were growing frustrated with themselves because ＿＿＿.A) the new concept they had been working on was too difficultB) they were not interested in learning the new conceptC) the teacher was not familiar with the new conceptD) the teacher became very impatient with them3. After the funeral, Mark’s mother thanked the author for ________.A) correcting Mark for misbehaving at school many timesB) giving Mark the list of all the good things said aboutC) teaching Mark for such a long period of timeD) asking Mark’s classmates to have dinner with them4. The reason why the students kept the lists of all the good things is that ＿＿＿.A) they missed each other after they departedB) they wanted to show the lists to their husbands or wivesC) they valued the teacher’s effort for copying all the good things about themD) they treasured what made them feel good about themselvesPassage IIQuestions 5 to 8 are based on the following passage:There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with thecomplexities of spelling?If spelling becomes the only focal point of his teacher’s interest, clearly a bright child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid adventurous language. That’s why teachers often encourage the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability.I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personalexperience: “This work is terrible! There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegible.” It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the error, but if his priorities had centered on the child’s ideas, an expression his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seekimprovement.5. Teachers differ in their opinions about _____.A) the difficulties in teaching spellingB) the role of spelling in general language developmentC) the complexities of the basic writing skillsD) the necessity of teaching spelling6. The expression “play safe” probably means _____.A) to write carefullyB) to do as teachers sayC) to use dictionaries frequentlyD)to avoid using words one is not sure of7. Teachers encourage the use of dictionaries so that _____.A) students will be able to express their ideas more freelyB) teachers will have less trouble in correcting mistakesC) students will have more confidence in writingD) students will learn to be independent of teachers8. The major point discussed in the passage is ______.A) the importance of developing writing skillsB) the complexities of spellingC) the correct way making compositionsD) the relationship between spelling and the content of a compositionPassage IIIQuestions 9 to 12 are based on the following passage: Population tends to grow at an exponential rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would haveover a million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on “all of a sudden”. It took form the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries, such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population double, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growingcountries.9. This passage chiefly discussed_______.A) the growth of world populationB) one type of the exponential rateC) the population problem of more rapidly growing countriesD) the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth10. According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has comeon “all of a sudden”?A) The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B) The time span of at least two million years in human history.C) An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D) The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.11. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minutes.B) Lower death rate also contributes to world population growth.C) The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D) The United States is usuall6y doubling its population about every 87 years.12. When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything,including ______.A) hospitals and medicines B) schools and studentsC) food and manpower resources D) all of the abovePassage IVQuestions I3 to 15 are based on the following passage:For years it has been possible to set up cameras to take pictures of cars as they speed along highways, jump lights or drive too fast down the street.However even if the pictures are taken automatically, someone still has to do all the paperwork of issuing fines. But now a British company called EEV has come up with a computerized video system that can do it all automatically.They suggest that all number plates have a bar code as well as the usual number. The barcodes are just strips of lines like those you see on food packets but bigger. EEV’s high speed video camera system can read a bar coded number plate even if the car is doing over 100 miles per hour. The computer controlling the system could then use the information from the bar code to find out the name and address of the driver (from vehicle records), print out the fine and send it off automatically. The inventors also suggest that the system could watch traffic to help catchstolen cars.The new electronic system could be watching everyone that passes the cameras! Many people find the idea that “big brother is watching you” is more of a worry than a few motorists getting away with driving too fast. Moreover, some people will be very unhappy to realize that with new system the police could find out where a particular car has been.13. The best title for the article could be ______.A) People Who Drive Too FastB) Stop People from Driving Too FastC) EEV and the Police SystemD) Implications of Computerized Systems for Motoring Offense14. A traditional function of the camera as used by the traffic police system is to ______.A) take snapshots of cars on highwaysB) catch cars violating traffic rulesC) send fines to fast motoristsD) make the traffic system fully automatic15. The newly-invented system functions more efficiently with the aid of __________.A) car number plates C) bar coded numbers on number platesB) vehicle speeding records D) print-out finesPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the se ntence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throu gh the center.1. There is no ______ in insisting on the impossible.A) mind C) meaningB) sense D) help2. She asked that the letter be ______ in order that the contents should remain a s ecret..A) eliminated C) ruinedB) destroyed D) spoiled3. In spite of the thunderstorm, the children slept______ all night.A) soundly C) sensitivelyB) noisily D) quickly4.These books were very dear to him and he bought them at ______ expense whe n he was studying abroad.A) considerate C) consideringB) considerable D) considered5. Nothing that I can see ______ what you have described.A) compares C) resemblesB) relates D) consists6. Now the income of the family was ______ more than one-third.A) dropped off C) cut downB) returned to D) reached for7. I was very tired. Otherwise, I ______ to the theatre with you.A) had gone C) would goB) went D) would have gone8. Do you consider ______ more people over?A) any good sending C) that any good sendingB) any good to send D) it any good sending9. It was raining hard, but by the time class was over, the rain ______ .A) had stopped C) might have stoppedB) stopped D) would stop10. Without enough air, the fire will easily ______.A) go out C) go overB) go off D) go though11. The paper parcel ______ a clean shirt, socks, and a handkerchief.A) composed C) constitutedB) contained D) was made up of12. ______ , he’ll make a first-class tennis player.A) Giving time C) Being given timeB) Given time D) To give time13. It is desired that he ______ his plan right away.A) would carry out C) carries outB) had carried out D) carry out14. The child was ______ to open the refrigerator door.A) barely enough tall C) barely tall enoughB) tall barely enough D) enough barely tall15. He found a number of men already ______ .A) worked C) workB) working D) to work16. If it ______ yesterday afternoon, I would have gone fishing.A) had not been raining C) were not rainingB) would not be raining D) should not be raining17. Is there anyone who ______ the plan put forward by the committee?A) objects C) opposesB) disagrees D) differs18. She told her children that they must not _______ play with matches.A) by no means C) on any accountB) in no sense D) to good account19. Any student who ______ his homework is unlikely to pass the examination.A) practices C) neglectsB) reduces D) offends20. Do you feel ______ for a cup of tea?A) sure C) intendedB) inclined D) likely21. The ______ outside the house says “No Parking”.A) notice C) paperB) note D) signal22. This rough life ______ to injure his health.A) expected C) threatenedB) enforced D) promised23. My aunt never married because her father didn’t ______ to her marriage to a man she lived.A) content C) conceiveB) confirm D) consent24. The employer is ______ to ask for references.A) entitled C) refrainedB) conceited D) condemned25. The general _______ the tourists safe passage to the American embassy during the war.A) consented C) grantedB) registered D) led26.Summers in the south of France are ______ dry and sunny.A) in the most part C) in good partB) for the most part D) in part27. It’s the end of September and the National Day is ______.A) on hand C) by handB) in hand D) at hand28. The book has been well reviewed, but ______ actual sales it hasn’t been very successful..A) in need of C) in place ofB) in terms of D) in contrast to29. After the harvest, the peasants began to _______ and enjoy the results of hard work.A) set back C) settle downB) sit back D) load down30. You don’t have to have this telephone in your new car: it’s a(n) ______ extra..A) optional C) radicalB) alternative D) abnormal31. Redolfi’s interest in messages from the ocean floor comes from ______ by the Mediterranean.A) being growing up C) he growing upB) his growing up D) he grew up32. There is a ______ to the amount of time I’m prepared to spend on this.A) restriction C) limitB) extent D) limitation33. The book will be published by Cambridge University Press in ______ with the B ritish Museum.A) association C) associationB) collaboration D) correlation34. They have had three ______ days of heavy rain.A) successive C) continualB) gradual D) running35. My wool sweater ______ when I washed it.A) decreased C) floodedB) shrank D) withdrew36. A lot of people ______ you, so don’t let them down.A) look down upon C) look overB) look up to D) look on37. His behavior merely ______ my dislike of him.A) enclosed C) reinforcedB) engaged D) enforced38. ______ fabrics usually don’t wrinkle as much as cotton.A) Synthetic C) SympatheticB) Symbolic D) Systematic39. It seems that nobody knows what consequences will ______ this.A) give rise to C) arise fromB) rise from D) rise above40. Tom and Susan ______ with each other just before their marriage, which made their parents very angry.A) fell off C) fell thoughB) fell out D) fell downPart IV Translation (10%)Section A (5%)Directions: In this part, there are five items, each consisting of one or two sentence s for you to translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the READING P ASSAGES you have learned in BOOK THREE. Please write your translation on the Ans wer Sheet.1. The research “points to the enormous human potential available in each society and the likelihood that only a very small amount of this human potential is fully develop ed。
安徽省2011年中考英语模拟试卷(三)试题卷
2011年省初中毕业学业考试英语模拟试卷（三）温馨提示：1．本试卷共四部分，十一大题，满分l50分。
考试时间为120分钟。
2．全卷共有试题卷l0页，答题卷2页。
请将答案填写在答题卷上。
3.考试完毕后请将试题卷和答题卷一并交回。
第一部分听力（共五大题，满分30分）Ⅰ．关键词语选择。
（共5小题，每小题1分；满分5分）你将听到五个句子。
请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出你所听到的单词或短语。
每个句子读两遍。
1. A. caught B. thought C. bought2. A. parent B. present C. pleasant3. A. 83662817 B. 83662617 C. 832628175. A. difficult job B. different shop C. different job4. A. listening B. spelling C. speakingⅡ．短对话理解（共10小题，每小题1分；满分10分）你将听到十段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项。
每段对话读两遍。
6. Which season does the man like best?.A B C7. What does the man want to do?A B C8. Wh at’s the weather like today?A B C9. What did he use to do in his spare time?A B C10. How will Linda get to Guilin?A B C11. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a restaurantB. at a book storeC. In the street12. What time will the lesson begin?A. 8：00B. 8：10C. 7：5013. How did Stephen improve his English?A. By speakingB. By readingC. By writing14. Who are the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.B. Parent and child. C .Close friends.15. How much will the woman pay if she takes two chairs?A. $45B. $80C. $90Ⅲ．长对话理解（共5小题，每小题1分；满分5分）你将听到两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题。
2011年成人高考模拟试卷三及答案
2011年英语模拟三试卷一、补全对话A.Congratulations!B.For a walkC.Much better,thanks.D.Enjoy yourself.E.SureF.Hello!G.No.Thank you just the same.H.Quite pretty.1.Tim:Hello,Ben.You’ve got the first prize in the English speech contest. Ben:Oh,really?Tim:It’s true__________________________.2.Bob:__________________________Is Tom in?Joe:I’m sorry,he isn’t here right now.3.Bill:What does she look like?John:__________________________4.Nancy:How’s your mother feeling these days?Henry:__________________________5.Alice:Would you please give me a lift?Cindy:__________________________二、选择题1、________my surprise, I got a high grade in this test.A.ForB.ToC.To beD.On2、She never agree________you, did she?A.toB.withC.inD.at3、Would you mind________a photo of you?A.me takeB.to takeC.my takingD.me to take4、The lady treats the boy well as if he________her own son.A.isB.wasC.wereD.would be5、________round the city,we were impressed by the city’s new look.A.TakenB.TakingC.To be takenD.Being taken6、He had a pain________his back.A.onB.withC.inD.onto7、The city ________ I was born is on the new railway line.A.whichB.thatC.on whichD.where8、Which is ________country, the United States or Canada?A.a largerrgerC.the largerD.the largest9、The silk feels ________.A.softB.softlyC.softnessD.softy10、Two nuclear power stations________in the past ten years.A.are builtB.have been builtC.would be builtD.are building11、They kept on ________till they got to the foot of the hill.A.to runB.runningC.runingD.run12、There is much work to do,________?A.isn’t itB.is thereC.isn’t thereD.is it13、________as he is,he can’t understand the English filmA.student of EnglishB.Though a student of EnglishC.Student of EnglishD.Being a student of English14、The old in the country ________taken good care of.A.haveB.hasC.isD.are15、Not a single mistake________in the testA.he madeB.did he makeC.he has madeD.made he三、完形填空Mr. Jones woke early one morning, before the sun had risen. It was a beautiful morning, (1) he went to the window and looked out. He was (2) to see a neatly-dressed and mid-aged professor, who (3) in the university just up the road from Mr. Jones house, coming the direction of the town. He had grey hair and thick glasses, and was (4) an umbrella, a morning newspaper and a bag. Mr. Jones thought that he must have arrived by the night train (5) taking a taxi.Mr. Jones had a big tree in his garden, and the children had tied a long (6) to one of the branches, so that they could swing on it.Mr. Jones saw the professor (7) when he saw the rope and looked carefully up and down the road When he saw that there was (8) in sight, he stepped into the garden (there was no fence), put his umbrella, newspaper, bag and hat nearly on the grass and (9) the rope. He pulled it (10) to see whether it was strong enough to take his weight, then ran as fast as he could and swung into the (11) on the end of the rope, his grey hair blowing all around his face. Back wards and forwards he swung, sometimes taking a few more (12) steps on the grass when the rope began to swing (13) slowly for him.(14) the professor stopped, straightened his tie, combed his hair carefully, put on his hat,picked up his umbrella, newspaper and bag, and continued (15) his way to the university, looking as quiet and correct and respectable as one would expect a professor to be. ( )1 A.because B.as C.so D.for( )2 A.surprised B.glad C.worried D.excited( )3 A.studied B.worked C.stayed D.lived( )4 A.passing B.doing C.carrying D.sending( )5 A.because of B.instead ofC.byD.with( )6 A.rope B.line C.stick D.ruler( )7 A.run B.walk C.jump D.stop( )8 A.nothing B.nobodyC.no roomD.no house( )9 A.carried B.grasped C.took D.threw( )10 A.hard B.high C.heavily D.greatly( )11 A.garden B.tree nd D.air( )12 A.running B.stopping C.rising D.falling( )13 A.enough B.more C.too D.less( )14 A.At first B.At last C.At once D.At least( )15 A.on B.for C.by D.with四、阅读理解The energy which the sun radiates goes in every direction, and only a minute part of it falls on the earth Even so, it represents power of about 5,000,000 horsepower (马力) per square mile per day; the sun gives us as much energy every miunte as mankind utilizes in a year At present,we use this energy indirectly, and it is our final source of power Coal represents the chemical action of the sun on green plants thousands of years ago Water power results from the rain formed by vapor which comes from the evaporation of water under the sunshine Even windmills operate because of air currents set in motion by the different heating affects of the sun in different places Some day, through chemistry or some type of solar engine, we shall harness this great source of energy more directly Already a scientist has worked out an engine, surprisingly efficient, in which the sun s rays are concentrated through mirrors on a tube of water to create steam1 How much energy given off by the sun reaches the earth?A 100% but indirectlyB 5%C 50%D only a very tiny amount2 The reason why all the solar energy falling on the earth can t be utilized is thatA only a very small part is availableB the sun is too distant from the earthC it takes thousands of years for this energy to be stored up in coal and oilD our scientific knowledge is not sufficient3 Which of the following statements is NOT true?A Even windmill s action depends on the sun.B The sun produces enormous energy for man to make use of.C Some day man will be able to utilize 100% of the solar energy that gets to the earth.D The sun produces different heating effects in different places.4 In order to support this argument, the writer gives the example thatA a machine using solar energy efficiently has already been developedB the sun is our final source of powerC man uses only a tiny part of the sun s energyD the part of the sun s energy we use is used indirectly五、写作irections:For this part, you are allowed 20 minutes to write a letter of about 80 words according to the following situation.你叫李平，是英语系学生会主席。
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全真模拟英语试题3
2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全真模拟英语试题（三）第I卷(三部分共85分)第一部分听力(共两节，满分20分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When did the woman last see the man’s brother?A. Today.B. Yesterday.C. The day before yesterday.2. Why should the man apologize?A. He forgot to call Jane.B. He told a lie yesterday.C. He quarreled with Jane yesterday.3. What used to be the man’s hobby?A. Playing tennis.B. Listening to music.C. Reading novels.4. What can we learn from the conversation?A. Henry never failed exams before.B. Henry often plays football.C. Henry didn’t study hard before the exam.5. Where Will the woman go next month?A. To Spain.B. To London.C. To Paris.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给予出5秒钟的作答案时间。
2011年考研英语阅读经典试题及答案（3）
The complications frequently accompanying diabetes, such as impairment of vision and of kidney function, are now thought to result from the lack of continuous control of blood glucose concentrations. The healthy pancreas, in response to increases in blood glucose concentration, releases small quantities of insulin throughout the day and thereby maintains the concentration within physiological limits (nomoglycemia). But the diabetic generally receives only one large dose daily. The diabetic’s blood glucose concentration can thus fluctuate greatly during the interval between doses, and it has been suggested that the complication result from the periods of high concentrations of blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Many investigators thus believe that restoration of normoglycemia might halt the progression of such complications and perhaps even reverse them. There are three primary techniques that have been investigated for restoration of normoglycemia. They are: transplantation of whole, healthy pancreases; transplantation of islets of Langerthan, that portion of the pancreas that actually secretes insulin, and implantation of artificial pancreases. There has, in fact been a great deal of success in the development of these techniques and each seems, on the whole, promising. Nonetheless, it will undoubtedly be many years before any one of them is accepted as a treatment for diabetes. To many people, the obvious approach would seem to be simply to transplant pancreases from cadavers in the same manner that kidneys and other organs are routinely transplanted. That was the rationale in 1966 when the first recorded pancreas was performed. Between 1960 and 1975, there were forty-six pancreas transplants in forty-five other patients in the United States and five other countries. But only one of these patients is still alive with a functioning graft and surgeons have found that the procedure is not simple as they once thought. The surviving patient has required no insulin since the operation. Another patient survived 638 days without requiring insulin. And one patient survived a transplantation for more than a year, but died when he chose not to take immunosuppressive drugs. These results, though meager, suggest that the procedure has the potential for success. The rest of the patients, however, either rejected the transplant or died within a short period. There does not appear to be any technical problem with the procedure. Rather, most of the patients were already so severely debilitated by the complications of diabetes that they could not withstand the surgery and the immunosuppressive regimen required to prevent rejection. More than half of the patients, furthermore, also required a kidney transplant. Most investigators now agree that the simultaneous transplantation of both organs is too great a shock to the patient and greatly increases the total risk. 1. Which of the following best states one of the main conclusions of the text? [A] Although the techniques for pancreas transplants appear to be theoretically correct, there are problems that must be solved before the operation can be used as a treatment for diabetes. [B] Although the techniques for pancreas transplants are still being developed, the experimental results show that the operation will be a successful treatment for diabetes in the near future. [C] Although pancreas transplants are reliable, many diabetics are reluctant to undergo the operation because of the side effects of immunosuppressive drugs. [D] Although pancreas transplants alone are not generally successful, the operation can be used in conjunction with other procedures to treat diabetes. 2. According to the text, widely spaced doses of insulin can cause [A] reversal of normal kidney function. [B] delay in the onset of diabetes. [C] radical changes in the concentration of blood glucose. [D] restoration of normoglycemia. 3. According to the text, a periodic high concentration of blood glucose in diabetics is a possible cause of [A] deterioration of the pancreas. [B] damage to the eyes and kidneys. [C] rejection of transplanted organs. [D] inadequate secretion of insulin. 4. It can be inferred from the text that one of the important contributing causes of the failure of most pancreas transplants has been the [A] reluctance of patients to cooperate with physicians. [B] imperfect techniques used in the operation. [C] scarcity of immunosuppressive drugs. [D] weakened condition of the patients. 5. The text suggests that the author considers the data concerning the success of pancreas transplants to be [A] invalid. [B] indirect. [C] inaccurate. [D] insufficient. [答案与考点解析] 1. 【答案】A 【考点解析】本题是⼀道审题定位题。
2011年全国公共英语三级考试(pets3)全真模拟试卷(3)-中大网校
2011年全国公共英语三级考试(pets3)全真模拟试卷(3)总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 听力A(1){MP3:/NewsFiles/2011-8/22/-000000/pets302.mp3}本节中，你将听到10个句子，请选择正确的一个，并标在试卷的相应位置。
每句话后有15秒钟的停顿。
每句话读两遍。
下面，请听{TSE}题。
{TS}What are these people planning to do?A. To see a moviB. To make some coffeC. To borrow moneD. To prepare a dinner part(2)What are these two talking about?A. An appointmenB. School hourC. A part-time joD. Vacation plan(3)What does the man mean?A. There's been nothing but rain for quite some timB. He's bored with the changing weatheC. He thinks that it' 11 rain for three more weekD. He's bored about the topic on weathe(4)How did the man feel about the course?A. He wishes to have more courses like iB. He finds it hard to follow the teacheC. He wishes the teacher would talk morD. He doesn' t like the teacher' s accen(5)Where is the conversation most probably taking place?A. At a news stanB. At a car dealer'C. At a publishing housD. At a newspaper offic(6)What would the man probably do?A. To save $ 300．B. To have the mechanic repair the caC. To repair the car himselD. To buy a new ca(7)Why doesn' t the woman want to go for an outing?A. Because she is afraid of bad weatheB. Because the temperature is too loC. Because it is going to snoD. Because outings are risk(8)How much does the man owe the woman?A. 64 centB. 18 centC. 80 centD. 16 cent(9)When will they visit the National Library?A. On TuesdaB. On WednesdaC. On ThursdaD. On the weeken(10)What do we learn from the conversation?A. The woman is sicB. The woman is worried about her intervieC. The woman is confidenD. The woman is/eeling bette听力B(1)Questions{TSE}are based on a conversation about renting an apartment．{TS}Which facility is not available in the apartment building?A. Tennis courtB. A recreation areC. A saunD. A swimming poo(2)How much is the deposit for the apartment?A. One hundred dollarB. Thirty-five dollarC. Fifty dollarD. One hundred and fifty dollar(3)When is the man going to meet the woman?A. 3: 30 this afternooB. 4:O0 this afternooC. 5:00 this afternooD. 5:30 this afternoo(4)Questions{TSE}are based on the following dialogue between a boss and a clerk．(5)Where is Mr．Black going?A. DetroiB. ChicagC. New YorD. Bosto(6)When will Sally finish the report?A. Pretty quicB. By 8:00．C. In a little whilD. First thing in the mornin(7)What kind of watch is Sally going to buy?A. A RoleB. A BulovC. A SeikD. An Elgi(8)Questions{TSE}are based on the following dialogue between two friends talking about traveling．{TS}Which is the largest ethnic group in San Francisco?A. The blackB. The whiteC. The ChinesD. The Japanes(9)Where do most of the Chinese people live in San Francisco?A. In ChinatowB. In the northern part of the citC. All over the citD. In Japan tow(10)What is the Japanese population in San Francisco?A. 12,000．B. 700,0OC. 50,000．D. 20,000．(11)Why does the man know so much about San Francisco?A. He thinks the city is prettB. He likes to talk with peoplC. He travels a lot in the citD. He teaches ethnic history at a universit(12)Questions{TSE}are based on the following dialogue about driving．{TS}How did the woman do in the driving test?A. She faileB. She barely passeC. She passed easilD. She wouldn't sa(13)What did the woman do well in the test?A. Changing laneB. Starting on a hill,C. ParkinD. Keeping a proper distanc(14)What was the woman's problem when making a turn?A. Not using her signaB. Being in the wrong lane,C. Driving too slowlD. Not looking over her shoulde(15)Why did the woman bump a car in traffic?A. It hit her from behinB. She rolled backwardC. She shifted into reversD. She went through a red lighSection II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识(1)阅读下面短文，回答{TSE}题。