英语国家概况期末考整理

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《英语国家概况》期末复习资料

《英语国家概况》期末复习资料

UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1-6B. 6-12C. 12-23D. 23-306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1-6B. 6-12C. 12-23D. 23-307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11-19B. 19-24C. 24-45D. 45-549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11-19B. 19-24C. 24-45D. 45-5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。

英语专业国家概况期末复习总结

英语专业国家概况期末复习总结

英语专业国家概况期末复习总结英语国家概况名词解释1. The civil rights movement(1955–1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans and restoring suffrage in Southern states.2. A federal systemA federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts with some rights reserved to each.3. King ArthurIt is said that he was the King of England in the 5th century and united the British and drove the Saxons back with his magical sword, Excalibur. His real existence is in doubt. He is the central figure of many legends.4. The Anglo-SaxonsThey were two groups of Germanic peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.5. RiverdanceRiverdance is a very popular form of dancing based on I reland’s intricate folk dances which are rearranged and modernized and adapted onto current stage performance. Dancing is traditionally part of Irish culture. It is usually accompanied by the Irish pipe and fiddle. The music usually sounds fast and furious. Most of the action is from the waist down, with the arms held rigidly at the sides.6. The House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real centre of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of people who vote for them.7. The CommonwealthIt is a voluntary association of states which is made up of Britain and mostly of former British colonies. There are 54 members of the Commonwealth including one currently suspended member: many of these are developing countries like India and Cyprus; others are developed nations like Australia, Canada and New Zealand. The Commonwealth was set up as a forum for continued cooperation and as a sort of support network.8. MaoritangaMaoritanga means ―Maori culture‖. It refers to all the elements of the rich cultural heritage of the indigenous people in New Zealand, including their language, customs and traditions.9. The “Washminster” form polityThe ―Washminster‖form of polity is adopted by the Australian government. It is a mixture of the US Washington system of government and the British Westminster system. This means that the politicalstructure of the government is based on a Federation of States with a three-tier system of government. However, the chief executive is a Prime Minster, instead of a President as in the US system.10 Martin Luther King, Jr.A black Baptist minister, he was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rightsmovement of the 1960s. To promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of "marches", including the March on Washington of August 1963, when King delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech. As a civil rights leader, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.简答题1. Explain your understanding of how the United States is governed according to its constitution, including its polity and the check and balance mechanism of governing.In the course of the Convention, the delegates designed a new form of government for the United States. He plan for the government was written in very simple language in a document called the Constitution of the United States. The Constitution set up a federal system with a strong central government. A federal system is one in which power is shared between a central authority and its constituent parts, with some rights reserved to each. The Constitution also called for the election of a national leader, or president. It provided that federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of representatives elected by the people. It also provided for a national court system headed by a Supreme Court. There are three branches of the federal government: legislative branch, executive branch and judicial branch. The legislative Branch is made up of elected representatives from all of the states and is the only branch that can make federal laws, levy federal taxes, declare war or put foreign treaties into effect. It consists of a Congress that is divided into two houses: The House of Representatives and The Senate.The chief executive of the United States is the president, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a four-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. The power of the presidency are formidable, but not without limitations. And the president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. Under the Constitution, the president is primarily responsible for foreign relations with other nations.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is the only court specifically created by the Constitution. Federal judges are appointed for life or voluntary retirement, and can only be removed from office through the process of impeachment and trail in the Congress. The Supreme Court today consists of a chief justice and eight associate justices.When Americans talk about their three-part national government, they often refer to what they call its system of "checks and balances". This system works in many ways to keep serious mistakes from being made byone branch or another. But sometimes they do not work the way as they are supposed to work. Here are a example of checks and balances:If Congress proposes a law that the president thinks is unwise, the president can veto it. And the Senate must approve all treaties and confirm all appointments before they become official. In this way the Congress can prevent the president from making unwise appointments.2. How do you understand the saying:” British history has been a history of invasion.”?British history has been a history of invasions. Before the 1stcentury AD Britain was made up of tribal kingdoms of Celtic people. They brought the central European culture to Britain. Then in 43AD, Roman Empire invaded Britain and controlled it for slave society but also disseminated their Catholicism.However, in the 5th century, the Roman Empire rapidly waned in power and Britain was conquered by the Angles and the Saxons. In order to defend the Saxons, a great leader—King Arthur appeared. He created the "round table" to satisfy all the knights' requirement of having equal precedence. Thus it gradually formed the monarchy in Britain as a more democratic system. Whether Arthur's a real person in the history or not, Anglo-Saxons did succeed in invading Britain and they were the forefathers of the English.In the 8th century, the Vikings from Denmark controlled the northern and eastern England. A Anglo-Saxon hero, king Alfred the Great fought against the Vikings with the truly English. And that's why there's a certain cultural difference between northerners and southerners in England. Later, the Normans from northern France, under the leading of William of Normandy, killed the king and William became the First of England. They imported a ruling class that French-speaking Norman aristocracy ruled Saxon and English-speaking population. In this condition, there weren't a lot of rebellions among the English people. That directly formed an English unique character: a richly unconventional interior life hidden by an external conformity. Even today, we can still find this personality from the British people through their lifestyles.In fact, such invasion is a peaceful history of joining together the various parts of the British Isles and the power gradually transferred from the monarch to the parliament. So theconstitutional monarchy has been established in Britain.3. Which foreign festival do you like best and why?Among all those foreign festivals, Christmas is my favorite. and I believe it's also the biggest and best loved holiday in many western countries.There are plenty of reasons for me to love Christmas. In western countries, schools close for the holiday period, as do shops and offices, so people can spend time at home with their families. While Christmas has aChristian meaning--it commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ--celebrations of the Winter Solstice have taken place since ancient times and some "Christian" traditions such as decorating the house with evergreen plants like holly and ivy, or kissing under a twig of mistletoe, are actually Celtic or pagan traditions. Nowadays, Christmas is celebrated by most Britons by exchanging gifts and Christmas cards, preparing holiday foods, and decorating homes and workplaces with coloured lights, Christmas trees and ornaments.There are three Christmas traditions which are particularly funny.One is the Christmas Pantomime, a comical musical play. The "panto " is usually based on a version of a traditional children's story like Cinderella, written to include songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by adults and children. The main man character--the "principal boy"--is played by a young woman. In the days when women wore long skirts, it was considered rather naughty to see a woman appear in an outfit which revealed the shape of her legs. The main female character is a middle-aged, often ugly woman called "the Dame." The Dame is played by a man, often a famous actor or sportsman. When he appears in heavy make up, skirtsand woman's shoes, it is considered very humorous. The audience is encouraged to cheer the hero on and boo when the villain appears.Another Christmas tradition in British is to hear the Queen give her Christmas message to her realm over the television and radio. The British Queen is also the Queen of other nations, like Canada and Australia, and so her message is broadcast to her millions of subjects throughout the world. She usually talks about the year that has passed and expresses her hopes for the future.The third funny tradition, which is also celebrated in countries with British heritages, is Boxing Day, which falls on the day after Christmas. Traditionally, it was on Boxing Day that people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants. Now that most British people do not have servants, this custom is no longer observed and most people cannot even tell you what one is supposed to do on Boxing Day. Some think it involves the sport of boxing and others think it has something to do with the Boxer uprising in China. However, a new Boxing Day custom has emerged, in the cities at least: shopping. Shops open up to sell off all their Christmas stock decorations, food, cards and gift items at low prices. But for most people, however, Boxing Day is a day for visiting, eating and relaxing.。

英美概况英国期末考试复习资料

英美概况英国期末考试复习资料

英美概况英国期末考试复习资料I国家概述1,The Union Jackred cross: Englandwhite saltire: Scotlandred saltire: Northern Ireland2,This is the Welsh flag (Welsh Dragon). It is not represented in the UK Flag becauseWales was ruled directly from London.(before the 1st version of UK flag, Wales had already been conquered and considered to be part of England) 3,Motto of the UKGod and my right. (English)天有上帝,我有权利。

II climate1,Does Britain have a favorable climate?Why?Because a maritime type of climate—winters are mild, not too cold and summers are cool, not too hot;It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year;It has a small range of temperature & lack of extremes.2,What are the factors which influence the climate in Britain?The surrounding waters balance the seasonal differences;Britain is mainly influenced by the prevailing south-west winds across theAtlantic, which bring warm and wet air in winter and keep the temperature moderate;The North Atlantic Drift passes the western coast of the British Isles and warms them.III History of BritainEarly Settlers (5000BC-55BC)1, How about their civilization? (What did they bring with them?)a) The art of pottery makingb) The ability to fashion (ornament with patterns) bronzetoolsc) The custom of individual buriald) The hill forts (堡垒) and small fortified towns (筑堡城镇).The Maiden Castle is one of the finest examples.2, What was their religion?Druidism(德鲁伊德教),the Druids—the wise men,astrologers, soothsayersIV Transition to Modern Age (1455-1688)1,What happened during the 17th century?During the 17th century Puritanism became a political movement: the parliamentarians who fought Charles I and took power under Cromwell were Puritans, and the struggle between the king and parliament is also known as the Puritan Revolution. 2,What else were the Puritans called?After the Restoration of 1660 the Puritans left the Church, and from then on were known as Dissenters or Nonconformists. 3.The consequences of the Civil Wars(1) the English Civil Wars not only overthrew feudal system in England but also shook the foundation of feudal rule in Europe.(2) It is generally regarded as the beginning of modern world history.(3) The English Civil War is also called the Puritan Revolution, as the King’s opponents were mainly Puritan.4,How did the “Glorious Revolution”break out?A. James II’s revival of Catholicism in Englanda. When Charles II died, his brother succeeded, becoming James II.b. James, who was brought up in exile in Europe, was aCatholic.c. He hoped to rule without giving up his personal religious views.B. Intolerance of Catholic and dethrone of the Kinga. But England was no more tolerant of a Catholic as king in 1688 than 40 years ago.b. So the English politicians rejected James II, and appealed to a Protestant king.C. Co-monarchsa. William of Orange(奥兰治王室), James’s Dutch nephew and husband of Mary, James’s daughter, was invited to invade and take the English throne.b. William and Mary were invited for joint rule, and they jointly accepted the Bill of Rights.D. the takeover with no bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, therefore became known as the Glorious Revolution. 5,The Bill of Rights 《权⼒法案》In 1689, William and Mary accepted the Bill of Rights to be crowned jointly.(1) The bill excluded any Roman Catholic from the succession(2) confirmed the principle of parliamentary supremacy(3) and guaranteed free speech within both the two Houses.(4) Thus the age of constitutional monarchy began.V.Judiciary(Headed by Lord Chancellor)VI Economy1,Economic declinetwo World Wars—great economic lossthe era of the British Empire was over—decolonization (losses of raw material & market)military expense (until the process of decolonization completed in the 1960s)2,Current British Economythe world's fifth largest economy(after US, Japan, Germany and China)The UK's people are the world's twelfth richest Sterling—performed relatively well against major currencies in recent years 五,福利六,宗教1,Who is the founder of Christianity?Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem, is the founder of Christianity.2,Who is Jesus Christ?Jesus Christ is the Son of God. He came to earth to teachabout love and fellowship. He represents the person that all Christians must strive to be.Jesus was a Jew who was born about 2000 years ago in Bethlehem(1.伯利恒(耶路撒泠南⽅六英⾥⼀市镇,耶稣诞⽣地)). Jesus lived for 33 years before being crucified by the Romans. 3,What other names is Jesus known by?Son of GodLight of the WorldLamb of GodThe Good Shepherd.4,What do Christians believe?Christians believe that Jesus Christ was the Son of God and that:God sent his Son to earth to save humanity from the consequences of its sinsJesus was fully human, and experienced this world in the same way as other human beings of his timeJesus was tortured and gave his life on the Cross (At the Crucifixion)Jesus rose from the dead on the third day after his Crucifixion (the Resurrection)Christians believe that Jesus was the Messiah promised in theOld TestamentChristians believe that there is only one God, but that this one God consists of 3 "persons"七,教育,假期1,Christmas→the biggest and the most popular British holiday celebrated on December 25th.→to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ.→People usually decorate homes with evergreen plants, Christmas trees and ornaments.→They exchange gifts and Christmas cards.⼋,⽣活1,Holidays and Festivals in Britainthe Christmas 'pantomimeBoxing Dayto hear the Queen give her Christmas message九,政治1,What's the role of the Queen or King?The head of everything but ruler of nothing.head of the statean integral part of the legislaturehead of the executivehead of the judiciarythe commander-in-chief of all armed forces of the Crownthe ‘supreme Governor’of the Church of England.2,The importance of the monarchy:Is found in its effect on public attitudeIs used to represent the continuity and adaptability of the whole political systemIs used as a symbol of the unity of the whole country, an acceptable bound among the peoples who retain many regional and cultural differences.People are convinced that the Queen has no bias towards any nation and exists to help preserve the people's rights, the right to personal property and the right not to be imprisoned without a trial.It is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.3 .What's your idea about UK keeping the monarch?A.Theoretically, the King or Queen is the source of all government powers. He/She is the head of the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary, the commander-in-chief of all armed forces.B,In reality, the King or Queen does everything on the advice of the Prime Minister, and his/her role is symbolic, ceremonial, and not political.C,The monarch is the personal embodiment of the British government and a symbol of British unity, representing the continuity of the whole political system. So the stability of the D,British government owes much to the monarchy.E,The monarch can meet the PM on weekly basis at Buckingham Palace, give the Royal Assent to any new law that has been passed by Parliament, act as a final check on a government that is becoming dictatorial.F,As a figurehead to represent the country, the monarch can perform the following ceremonial duties:paying state visits to Commonwealthcountries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of theBritish government, etc.⼗,议会1,What are the main functions of Parliament?to pass lawsto provide, by voting for taxation, the means of carrying on the work of governmentto scrutinise government policy and administration, including proposals for expenditureto debate the major issues of the day2,the House of Lords: the upper house上议院the Lords Spiritual (the senior bishops of the Church of England 神职议员)the Lords Temporal (members of the Peerage ⾮神职议员)the members are not elected by the population at large but are appointed by past or current governments.3,the House of Commons: the lower house下议院a democratically elected chamber with elections held at least every 5 yearsMPs comes from 646 constituencies of roughly equal population.4,What Goes on in the House of Commons?Many hours are spent debating issues of national and international importance.Most often a motion is proposed by one or two of theGovernment’s front benchers and then the same number of persons from the Opposition front benches oppose it.The Speaker decides who is allowed to speak and he/she must ensure that each side is given equal opportunity and time to speak.After the debate the MPs vote for or against the motion. MPs vote by going into ‘lobbies’, one for ‘yes’and one for ‘no’votes where they are counted.After the votes are counted the results are announced in the chamber.⼗⼀政体1,2,The Political Parties(1) the Conservative party(2) the Labour party(3) the Liberal Democrats3,The Prime Ministeris appointed by the Queen.is the leader of his party in the House of Commonsis the head of governmenthas the right to select his cabinet, hand out departmental positions, decide the agenda for cabinet meetings which he also chairs.can dismiss ministers if this is requiredkeeps the Queen informed of government decisionshe exercises wide powers of appointments in the civil service, church and judiciary .4,What is the Cabinet?The collective decision-making (executive) body, composed of the Prime Minister and the most senior of the government ministersThe most senior members of the Cabinet are:PM, Deputy PM, Foreign Secretary, Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. All Cabinet members are serving MP's or peers.Oppositions have a ‘Shadow Cabinet’.。

《英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)

《英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)

英语国家概况》期末复习题(含答案)(第I卷客观题共45 分)I.选择题(共30 分; 每题 1 分)U.K.1. The importance of the British monarchy can be seen in its effect on ___ . DA. passing the billsB. advising the governmentC. political partiesD. public attitude2. The policies of the Conservative Party in Great Britain are characterized by pragmatism and .DA. government interventionB. nationalization of enterprisesC. social reformD. a belief in individualism3. Oxford University is the oldest university in the English-speaking world.4. Cabinet members are chosen by __ in Britain. BA. the monarchB. the Prime MinisterC. the ArchbishopD. the Lord Chancellor5. English belongs to the Germanic group of Indo-European family of languages.6. The Severn River is the longest river in Britain.7. The following Christmas traditions are particularly British except ___ . AA. Trooping the ColorB. Queen 's Christmas messageC. Boxing DayD. Christmas pantomime8. Among Britain q'uasl ity press, the following newspapers are regarded as the “BigT hree withthe exception of TheObserver.9. In 2012, Britain had a population of about 63 million.10. The two main islands of the British Isles are Great Britain and Ireland.11. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher once said that, “ Britain and the USnittaetde s willstand side by side ”.12. The Labor Party affected the British society greatly in that it __ . AA. set up the National Health ServicesB. improved public transportationC. abolished the old tax systemD. enhanced the economic development13. Margaret Thatcher go'v s ernment introduced the biggest changes in British economic policysince World War II.14. Charles Dickens is a representative of English Critical Realism at the turn of the 19 th century.15. The three principle features of the climate of Britain are the following EXCEPT ___ . CA. the frequent fog in winterB. the large number of rainy daysC. extreme coldness even in summerD. changeability all the year round16. Samuel Johnson 'dsic tionary was influential in establishing a standard form of spelling inEnglish.17. The introduction of Christianity to Britain added the first element of Latin and Greek wordsto English.18. _ was not among the four self-governing dominions in the British Empire. CA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. IndiaD. the Union of South Africa19. Of the following sectors in Britain, service industry has experienced spectacular growthC. RepresentativeD. Senatorsince the end of World War II.20. Cambridge has more Nobel Prize winners than any other institution in Britain. 21. Writers of _____ literature are more concerned with imagination and feeling than withreason and intellect. C A. Renaissance B. Neo-ClassicalC. RomanticD. Victorian22. The end of the Wars of the Roses led to the rule of ___ . CA. the House of ValoisB. the House of YorkC. the House of TudorD. the House of Lancaster23. Tourists from all over the world come to enjoy the beauty of Scottish scenery, to drink Scotchwhisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts .24. The ___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England. C A. Viking invasion B. signing of the Magna Carta C. Norman ConquestD. adoption of common law25. Commonwealth Day is an annual event celebrated on the second Monday in March each year. 26. Such big cities as Glasgow, Manchester, Sheffield and Newcastle are famous for the __ .DA. oil industryB. car industryC. shipping companiesD. coalfields27. During the 15 th and 16 th centuries an intellectual movement known as ____ swept Europe.___ was the greatest playwright of the world produced in this period in England. D A. Romance, Geoffrey Chaucer B. Christianity, George Bernard Shaw C. Italian literary influence, SonnetD. Renaissance, Shakespeare28. Aestheticism is the belief that artists have no obligation other than to strive for beauty--- “art forart 's sake ”. The most important representative of Aestheticism is _________ . B A. Thomas Hardy B. Oscar Wilde D. William Butler Yeats29. The direct cause for the Religious Reformation was King Henry VIII 'effso rt todivorce his wife .U.S.31. The U.S. lies in central North America, with Canada to the north, Mexico to the south, the Atlanticto its east and the Pacific to its west .32. “No taxation without representation w ”as the rallying slogan before the War of Independence . 33. The Constitution of the United States tries to give each branch enough power to balance theothers .34. The following except the right to get into people 's house a b re y g p u o a li r c a e nteed inthe Billof Rights.35. Of the following persons, the ____ can NOT make legislative proposal in the U.S. A A. Secretary of StateC. Virginia Woolf30. ___ is viewed as Romantic poetry A. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud C. “ Preface to Lyrical Ballads 's “ Declaration ofIndepCendence ” B. Don Juan D. Prometheus UnboundB. President36. Of the following subjects, politics and business education are NOT offered to elementary school students inthe U.S.37. Abraham Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation to grant freedom to all the slaves in the U.S.38. The terms for a Senator and a Representative in the U.S. are six and two years respectively.39. The National Day of the United States falls on July 4th.40. Washington Irving is regarded as “the father of American literature ”.41. Higher education in the United States began with the founding of Harvard University.42. The first shots of the American War of Independence were fired in Lexington.43. The symbol of the Democratic Party is a/an donkey, and a/an elephant represents the Republican Party.44. The eastern part of the United States consists of the highlands formed by the AppalachianRange and the western part consists of high plateaus and the Rocky Mountains.45. Alaska is the largest state in the whole United States and Texas is the largest state in the part of the U.S. thatis on the mainland.46. In the United States, the Bill of Rights guarantees citizens of the United States specific individual rights andfreedoms.47. The modern American economy progressed from ___ to ___ , and eventually, to ___ . BA. colonial economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyB. colonial economy, farming economy, industrial economyC. farming economy, handcraft economy, industrial economyD. handcraft economy, farming economy, industrial economy48. The Supreme Court in the United States is composed of nine justices.49. The characteristic of dominant American culture is ___ . BA. English-speaking, northern European, Protestant and upper-classB. English-speaking, western European, Protestant and middle-classC. English-speaking, northern European, Roman Catholic and middle-classD. English-speaking, western European, Roman Catholic and upper-class50. The following inventions took place during the “ secondi ndustrial revolution e”xc ept refrigerator.51. Of the following, __ is NOT a characteristic of Mark Twain 'Cs works.A. a realistic viewB. a sense of humorC. an idealistic viewD. colloquial speech52. The first successful English colony in North America was founded at Jamestown in Virginia.53. America produces a major p ortion of the world 's products in the following fields e o x il c. ept54. F. Scott Fitzgerald 's finest novel is _____ , and its theme is about D _ .A. Tales of the Jazz Age, the loss of oneselfB. TenderistheNight , loveC. TheBeautifulandtheDamned , the evil of human natureD. TheGreatGatsby, the American Dream55. Of the following books, ___ is NOT written by Ernest Hemingway. CA. A Farewell to ArmsB. ForWhomtheBellTollsC. TheSoundandtheFuryD. The Sun Also Rises56. The policy of the United States was __ at the beginning of the two world wars. CA. appeasementB. full involvementC. neutralityD. partial involvement 57. The first people on the American continent came from ___ as early as ___ thousand yearsago. C A. Asia, 2 B. Europe, 2 C. Asia, 20 D. Europe, 2058. The first National Bank of the United States was established with the urge of ___ . A A. Alexander Hamilton B. Andrew Jackson C. George Washington D. Thomas Jefferson59. Of the following universities, Massachusetts Institute of Technology has NOT cultivated any American Presidents yet. 60. Of the following writers, ___ is NOT a Nobel Prize winner. A A. Alice Walker B. Ernest Hemingway C. Eugene O ' Neil D. William Faulkner 61. The following except ___ are all powers of the U.S. President. B A. appointing federal judges when vacancies occur B. making lawsC. issuing executive ordersD. vetoing any bills passed by Congress62. Since 1959, the United States has been a country of 50 states.63. Chicago is the third largest city in the United States. It serves as the main connection between the easterncoast cities and the West.64. The distribution of the population in the U.S. is rather uneven. The most densely populatedAB. southeastern D. northwesternto tackle the economic depression in the 1930s B. new dealD. “ Great Society ” policyAustralia66. As an ideal place for investments, Australia' s foreign capital mainl J y a c p o a m n e a s n f d ro mthe United States .th67. January 26th, 1788 is the date celebrated as Australia Day. 68. _ is/are mainly responsible for education in Australia. B69. The first time that Australia developed a foreign policy independent of Britain was ___ . D A. after the establishment of the Commonwealth of Australia B. after World War IIC. during the Great Depression of the 1930sD. during the Pacific War in World War II70. Australia ' s economy depends largely on ______ . C A. agriculture B. manufacturing C. foreign tradeD. tourism71. The Howard government 'fosr eign policy was based on relations with four key countries, namely in Australia.BA. the U.S., Japan, Britain, ChinaB. the U.S., Japan, China, IndonesiaC. the U.S., Japan, Britain, IndonesiaD. the U.S., Britain, China, Indonesia 72. Australian system of teaching and school discipline put emphasis on the following exceptregion is the ___ part of the country. A. northeastern C. southwestern 65. President Roosevelt, in his attemptintroduced his famous ___ . B A. neutrality policy C. new monetarist policiesA. Federal government C. Territory assembliesB. State governments D. Municipal government__ . CA. learning by discovery and questioningB. self-disciplineC. outward disciplineD. encouraging student ' s interest in learning73. Canberra is Australia 's capital.74. In 2013, the population of Australia was about ___ million. AA. 22.9B. 33.9C. 40.9D. 5075. _ is renowned for its unique plant and animal species. It is estimated that there arearound 20,000 to 25,000 different plants native to the land. AA. AustraliaB. CanadaC. The United KingdomD. The United States76. Most anthropologists believe that the Aborigines in Australia migrated from ________ at least50,000 years ago. CA. east AsiaB. south AsiaC. southeast AsiaD. North Asia77. The Commonwealth of Australia was established in ___ . DA. 1847B. 1885C. 1900D. 190178. Australia is a leading supplier of ___ to international markets. DA. agricultural productsB. hi-tech productsC. industrial productsD. mineral resourcesCanada79. The Governor General holds the highest position in the Canadian parliamentary system.80. The ___ is the largest political party in Canada. AA. Liberal PartyB. Conservative PartyC. Canadian Labor CongressD. New Democratic Party Canada is the second largest country in the world.81. Toronto is the largest city in Canada and Ottawa is the capital city.82. _ recognized Quebec as a “ distinct soAciety ” .A. The Meech Lake AccordB. The Quebec ActC. The Constitutional ActD. The British North America Act83. The influence of __ has declined gradually in Parliament in today D ' s Canada.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Canadian Labor CongressC. the Cooperative Commonwealth FederationD. the New Democratic Party84. Kim Campbell was Canada ' s first woman Prime Minister.85. In Canada, the largest religious denomination is the Roman Catholic Church.86. If applicants meet the basic requirements for an immigrant to Canada, they need to do the following except .AA. applying for citizenshipB. taking a medical examC. paying an application feeD. paying a landing fee87. The Great Lakes on the border between Canada and the U.S. are the largest group of freshwater lakes in theworld.88. The name “ Canada ” is said to have derived from the Huron word“ Kanata ”, meaningC A. ocean B. north C. villageD. ice89. In 1497, the voyage led by an Italian captain discovered the eastern shores of Canada, which was claimed as Newfoundland .90. In the early ____ , both Britain and France founded permanent settlements in Canada. C A. 1400sC. 1600s91. After the famous Seven Yearsunder ____ control. B A. Britain, FrenchC. Spain, IndianB. 1500sD. 1700s' War, ____ lost all of its colonies, and the whole Canada cameB. France, British D. India, Spanish92. With the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, Canada was recognized as an equalpartner of Britain.II. 读图题 (共 5分; 每题 1 分)III. 判断题 (共 10 分; 每题 1 分) U.K.1.The British history before 55 BC is basically undocumented. T2. The majority of the people in Britain are descendants of the Anglo-Saxons. T3. London is one of the three principal financial centers of the world. T4. People in different parts of Britain like to use the name England to refer to their country. F5. The Celtic people are the earliest known inhabitants of Britain. T6. In an effort to make a compromise between different religious factions, Queen Elizabeth I actually defended thefruit of the Religious Reformation. T7. The island of Great Britain is geographically divided into three parts: England, Scotland and Wales. T 8. The British monarchy has never been interrupted throughout the history. F 9.In reality, the British King or Queen is the source of all government powers. F10. Limited resources and high unemployment rate were persistent problems that prevented rapid economicdevelopment in Britain.F11. Hamlet depicts the hero ' s struggle with two opposing forces: moral integrity and the need toavenge his father ' s muTrder.12. The British economy experienced a relative decline during the postwar period. T13. Alexander Pope was a great English poet who also translated Homer Iliad . T ' s14. Blair made the Bank of England independent in order to separate politics and economic policy. T15. William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge brought the Romantic Movement to its height in Britishliterature. FU.S.16. Thanksgiving Day falls on the fourth Tuesday in November. F17. San Francisco is the second largest city after New York and the world famous Hollywood and Disneyland arelocated there. F18. Walt Whitman introduced great innovations to American literature, and he devised a poetic style, free verse. T19. The United States is the fifth most populous nation in the world, ranking behind China, India, Brazil and SouthAfrica. F20. During Clinton 'tesrm , the economy developed steadily, resulting in a lower rate of unemployment. T21. According to the American administration, Saddam Hussein and Osama bin Laden were responsible for theterrorist event on September 11, 2001. F22. The world economy has little to do with the growth and decline of the American foreign trade. F23. In the United States, certain presidential appointments must be approved by Congress. T24. New York is the commercial and financial center of the United States, and it is also one of the three principaleconomic centers in the world. T25. The Civil War not only put an end to slavery, but also decided that America was a single, indivisible nation. T26. The U.S. congress is the legislative branch of the federal government and it consists of two houses: the Houseof Commons and the House of Lords. F27. The eastern highlands formed by the Appalachians hold one third of the U.S. continental territory. F28. President Roosevelt ' s New Deal had little effect in dealinigth w the economic crisis in theearly 1930s. F29. Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin are two sources of American literary spirit. T30. The Democratic Party of the U.S. is conservative in terms of its ideology. F Australia31. The Australian Constitution can be changed either by government ' s will or by referendum.F32. Australia Day is on January 26th. T33. Since Australia has a vast cultivable area, it has become the world 'lesa ding exporter of agricultural products.F34. In World War I, all members of the Australian armed forces who served overseas were volunteers. T35. For Australian citizens over the age of 16, it is compulsory to vote at election time. FCanada36. Canada is the third largest country in the world in terms of territory. F37. Multilingualism and multiculturalism are characteristics of Canadian culture. T38. Laval University is the largest institution in Canada, while University of Toronto is the oldest one. F39. Quebec separated from Canada and established a French-speaking nation in the 1960s. F40. The Canadian government is responsible to the King or Queen of Britain. F1. D2. B3. A4. C5. E6. FGroup Three:British Literary PeriodsA. The Modern PeriodB. The Victorian PeriodC. The RenaissanceD. The Middle English PeriodE. The Romantic PeriodF. The Neo-Classical Period1. D2. C3. F4. E5. B6. A )II. 配对题(共20分; 每题 2 分)试卷上会出 2 组,每组 5 题。

《英语国家概况》期末复习资料

《英语国家概况》期末复习资料

UKUTIL11. The British Isles are made up of ______C_.A. three large islands and hundreds of small onesB. three large islands and dozens of small onesC. two large islands and hundreds of small onesD. two large islands and dozens of small ones2. Which of the following is NOT a political division on the island of Great Britain?----C----A. England.B. Scotland.C. Northern Ireland.D. Wales.3. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the __B_____ and the North Sea in the east.A. eastB. southC. westD. north4. The Republic of Ireland was totally independent in the year __D_____.A. 1920B. 1945C. 1918D. 19495. The highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis, lies in __A____.A. the HighlandsB. the Southern UplandsC. the Central LowlandsD. the Lake District6. The British Empire was replaced by the British Commonwealth or the Commonwealth of Nations in ___B_______.A. 1921B. 1931C. 1945D. 19507. The mountain system the Pennines is often called the backbone of __A_____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. Great BritainD. Ireland8. The regional capital of Northern Ireland is ____D___.A. GlasgowB. EdinburghC. CardiffD. Belfast9. Which of the following statements about the climate in Britain is NOT true?-----B-------A. Britain’s climate is of the maritime type.B. Winters in Britain are extremely cold.C. Summers in Britain are cool.D. Britain is warmer than Harbin in winter.UTIL21. The English people and the English language were born from the union of _____D___.A. the Angles and the SaxonsB. Romans and the Norman FrenchC. Danes or Vikings and the Norman FrenchD. Norman conquerors and the defeated Anglo-Saxons2. The first known settlers of Britain were __A_____.A. the IberiansB. the Beaker FolkC. the CeltsD. the Romans3. About 80,000 Scots speak Gaelic which is an ancient ___D______.A. Scottish languageB. English languageC. Irish languageD. Celtic language4. About three million people have migrated to Britain since World War II. They are mainly from the West Indies, India and ___D_______.A. IndonesiaB. SingaporeC. Hong KongD. Pakistan5. In Britain _______ of the population is urban and __A_____ is rural.A. 90% ; 10%B. 80% ; 20%C. 70% ; 30%D. 60% ; 40%6. The ancestors of the Welsh were the ancient ___A_______.A. CeltsB. RomansC. NormansD. Britons7. The average population density in Britain is ___A___ people per square kilometer.A. 250B. 370C. 800D. 5008. During the 5th century when the Roman Empire fell, the Germanic ____D_____ invaded and conquered Britain.A. Angles and CeltsB. Angles and PictsC. Angles and BrythonsD. Angles and Saxons9. The upper class in Britain consists of the following except ___D______.A. peerageB. gentryC. landownersD. professionals10. “Britishness”can be reflected in the following except __D_______.A. Union JackB. conservativenessC. the BeatlesD. Thanksgiving DayUTIL31. In 1066 Harold and his troops fought against William’s army on Senlac field near ___D_____.A. LondonB. NormandyC. StandfordD. Hastings2. The Plantagenet Dynasty was founded by ___B______.A. HenryB. Henry IIC. King JosephD. Count of Anjor3. English Reformation was carried out by __B_____ to change the religion in England from Catholicism to Protestantism.A. Edward VIB. Henry VIIIC.Mary ID. Elizabeth I4. King John was forced by the barons to sign the ___D____ which restricted the King’s power.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter5. Simon de Montfort’s reform is considered to be the beginning of English _A______.A. parliamentB. cabinetC. constitutionD. liberty6. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as ___A____.A. Lord ProtectorB. Lieutenant GeneralC. Commander of the New Model ArmyD. President7. William of Orange started Constitutional Monarchy by accepting __A_____ in 1689.A. Bill of RightsB. Petition of RightC. Provisions of OxfordD. Great Charter8. The 1851 London Great Exposition was held in the Crystal Palace which was designed by Queen ____C___’s husband Albert.A. MaryB. Elizabeth IC. VictoriaD. Anne9. The British Prime Minister who led the British to defeat Nazi Germany is ___A____.A. ChurchillB. ChamberlainC. MacDonaldD. Macmillan UTIL41. The British constitution is made up of the following EXCEPT ____A_______.A. Commonwealth lawB. statute lawC. common lawD. ancient documents2. The House of Commons is elected by universal suffrage and has about ___A________ Members of Parliament.A. 650B. 660C. 670D. 6803. British Conservative Party was formerly called __B_____ Party in the 18th century.A. WhigB. ToryC. LiberalD. Nationalist4. The United Kingdom is governed in the name of ____D_______, by ___________.A. the King; the Prime MinisterB. the Queen; the Prime MinisterC. the Prime Minister; His or Her Majesty’s GovernmentD. the Sovereign; His or Her Majesty’s Government5. ___A_____ is the “supreme governor”of the Church of England.A. The monarchB. The Archbishop of YorkC. The Archbishop of CanterburyD. The Roman Pope6. In Britain the citizens aged ____B________ or over have the right to vote.A. 16B. 18C. 21D. 307. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed ______A______ by the Sovereign inthe United Kingdom.A. Prime MinisterB. Member of ParliamentC. Lord of AppealD. Speaker of the House8. The Liberal Democratic Party is the combination of the Social Democratic Party and ______C_______.A. the Conservative PartyB. the Labour PartyC. the Liberal PartyD. the Green Party9. Parliament has the following functions EXCEPT ___C_________.A. making lawB. authorizing taxation and public expenditureC. declaring warD. examining the actions of the governmentUTIL51. All criminal trials are held in open court because the criminal law presumes the __C_____ of the accused until he has been proven guilty beyond reasonable doubt.A. guiltB. impartialityC. InnocenceD. honesty2. In England, Wales, and Northern Island, people between the age of ___A______ and 70 whose names appear on the electoral register are liable for jury service and their names are chosen at random.A. 18B. 19C. 20D. 213. The jury consists of ordinary, independent citizens summoned by the court: 12 in England, Wales and Northern Island, and ___D________ in Scotland.A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 154. Whether the accused is guilty or innocent is decided by ___B______.A. the policemenB. the juryC. the judgeD. the sheriff5. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the Scotland is ___A______.A. the Supreme Court of the United KingdomB. the Court of AppealC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the House of Lords6. In England and Wales the highest judicial appointments are made by the Queen on the advice of __C______.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Home SecretaryC. the Prime MinisterD. the Attorney General7. Criminal cases in England and Wales may NOT be tried in ___C_________.A. the Magistrates’CourtB. the Court of AppealC. the High CourtD. the Crown Court8. The three “lay”magistrates that make up a Magistrates’Court in Britain are known as ___A______.A. Justices of the PeaceB. stipendiary magistratesC. Justices of LawD. part-time magistrates9. The most serious criminal offences in Scotland are tried in _____C_____.A. the District CourtB. the Sheriff CourtC. the High Court of JusticiaryD. the Crown Court UTIL61. The economic policy Britain pursued in the 1950s and 1960s was based on the theory of __B_____.A. Adam SmithB. John Maynard KeynesC. Margaret ThatcherD. Karl Marx2. Under Margaret Thatcher Britain experienced __B____.A. economic recessionB. economic expansionC. economic declineD. economic depression3. Which of the following is NOT true of Britain’s agriculture?-----D-------A. British farming is highly mechanized.B. Agriculture in Britain is intensive.C. British farming is very efficient.D. Britain’s agriculture can produce enough food for its people.4. In Britain less than ___A_____ of the population are farmers.A. 2%B. 4%C. 6%D. 10%5. In the ___C___ Britain became a net exporter of oil.A. 1960sB. 1970sC. 1980sD. 1990s6. To stimulate economic recovery, the Thatcher Government carried out all the following policies but __B____.A. privatizationB. interventionismC. deregulationD. market liberalization7. Britain is the _D___ largest trading nation in the world.A. thirdB. fourthC. fifthD. sixth8. British oil fields were discovered on the __D_____.A. English ChannelB. Irish SeaC. Norwegian SeaD. North Sea9. Which of the following is not included in the new industries in Britain?-----D----A. Microprocessors.B. Computers.C. Biotechnology.D. Motor vehicles. UTIL71. The National Health Service (NHS) was established in the United Kingdom in ___C______.A. 1946B. 1947C. 1948D. 19492.____B____ is directly responsible for the NHS.A. Local governmentB. Central governmentC. V oluntary organizationsD. Certain social boards3. In Britain, children up to the age of ____D__ can receive family allowances for children.A. 11B. 12C. 15D. 164. In Britain, pensions for the elderly, or retirement benefits, begin for women at the age of ___C_____.A. 50B. 55C. 60D. 655. In England the NHS is managed by the __B______.A. Department for Work and PensionsB. Department of HealthC. Social Security AgencyD. Social Services Department6. The National Health Service in Britain provides a full range of medical services for __C_____.A. employeesB. residents aged between 18-60C. every residentD. residents aged over 607. Social Security in the UK is the government’s most expensive program, costing __C___ of public funding.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%8. A family doctor in Britain is also known as a __C____.A. general doctorB. general pharmacistC. general practitionerD. family practitioner9. In 2001 people in marriage accounted for __B_____ of the adult population in Britain.A. 60%B. 55%C. 50%D. 45%10. Houses have traditionally been divided into following types EXCEPT __D____.A. detached houseB. semi-detached houseC. terraced houseD. attached house UTIL81.____B____ is the largest of the Free Churches.A. The BaptistsB. The Methodist ChurchC. The Roman Catholic ChurchD. The Church in Wales2. Established Churches in Britain are _____D______.A. Church of England and Church of WalesB. Church of Wales and Church of ScotlandC. the Anglican ChurchesD. Church of England and Church of Scotland3. The Free Churches do NOT include ___A______.A. the Church of EnglandB. the Methodist ChurchC. the Baptist ChurchD. the United Reformed Church4. The principal non-Christian communities in Britain are ___D____.A. the MoslemsB. the BuddhistsC. the HindusD. the Jews5. The Church of Scotland is a ___C_____ church.A. MethodistB. BaptistC. PresbyterianD. Catholic6. In Great Britain, the ____A_______ is uniquely related to the Crown.A. Church of EnglandB. Church of ScotlandC. Church of IrelandD. Church of Wales7. The members of ____D___ in Britain have also been known as dissenters or nonconformists.A. the Anglican ChurchB. the Church of EnglandC. the Roman Catholic ChurchD. the Free Churches8. The Church of England has two provinces. They are ___A_____.A. Canterbury and YorkB. London and YorkC. Durham and CanterburyD. London and Winchester UTIL91. There are some __C_____ universities in Britain, including the Open University.A. 70B. 80C. 90D. 1002. The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge date from the _____A________ centuries.A. 12th and 13thB. 13th and 14thC. 14th and 15thD. 15th and 16th3. The usual age for transfer from primary to secondary schools is ____D_________ in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.A. 14B. 13C. 12D. 114. In Britain, private schools are often called ___D___.A. comprehensive schoolsB. grammar schoolsC. secondary modern schoolsD. independent schools5. In Britain, higher education is usually defined as advanced courses of a standard higher than ____B____ or equivalent.A. GCE O-LevelB. GCE A-LevelC. GCE AS-LevelD. GCSE6. In Britain, education at primary levels emphasizes the following EXCEPT ____D________.A. readingB. writingC. arithmeticD. science7. The following universities belong to “red-brick”universities EXCEPT ____D_____.A. University of LeedsB. University of LiverpoolC. University of ManchesterD. University of Glasgow8. The leading scientific society in Britain is ___D_____.A. the British Association for the Advancement of ScienceB. the Royal InstitutionC. the British AcademyD. the Royal SocietyUTIL101. The largest and the most important museum in Britain is _____A_______.A. the British MuseumB. the Victoria and Albert MuseumC. the Imperial War MuseumD. the National Gallery2. Britain’s most popular pastime is ____B________.A. reading newspaperB. watching TVC. playing footballD. horse racing3. The Times is a _____A_______ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. quality SundayD. mid-market daily4. The Daily Mirror is a ____B_____ newspaper in Britain.A. quality dailyB. popular dailyC. popular SundayD. mid-market daily5. Football has its traditional home in ___A________.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. FranceD. Italy6. ______C_______ is the most typical English sports.A. FootballB. RugbyC. CricketD. Horse racing7. Of the following four sports, _____A________ has the longest history.A. cricketB. golfC. footballD. rugby8. The Beatles was a band formed by four boys from ____B_____.A. ManchesterB. LiverpoolC. LondonD. EdinburghUSAUTIL11. The United States of America is the ____D________ country in the world in size.A. largestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____B________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____D________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the south?-----B-----A. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the world?---B-----A. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is __A_______, which is the largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in ___C_______ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ____D_______ climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ____B_______.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ____A_______.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUTIL21. The British established 13 colonies along __C_______.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because ___A______.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territoriesC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ___A_____ in order to stop big business control.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of _____D_______ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first brought about by _____D________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to ___A_______.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ___A_____ suggested that the U.S. should offer economic aid to Western Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the U.S. was _____C_______.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by __C_____.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____B________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New Freedom UTIL31.The current situation of African-Americans presents ___C____.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ___D_____.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in __A____.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some people say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the United States is from ___A____.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from ______A____.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, the largest group is __B_____.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the United States, ___B_____ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are ___A_______.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUTIL41. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ____D____.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American political system, ___D______.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution for political partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehension of political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ___C___ differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to __A_____.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _D____.A. indirectly by the electorsB. by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.7. The U.S. President’s appointments have to be approved by ____B____.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of one Chief Justice and _C_____ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United States are __D_____.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The U.S. Congress has the power to override the president’s veto by a _A____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5UTIL51. The United States ranks ___A_____ in the world in the total value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the U.S. economy EXCEPT _____C_____.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food crop?----A-----A. Corn.B. Rice.C. Barley.D. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than ___D______ of the U.S. gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican __A______.A. individualismB. patriotismC. liberalismD. expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States should pursue economic growth through the following EXCEPT ___D_____.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United States became increasingly urbanized, particularly in the ____A_____ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the following traditional crops EXCEPT ___D______.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the U.S. now produces around ___B______ of the world’s industrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend to specialize in high-tech and computer industries EXCEPT ___B_____.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUTIL61. The American social security system includes the following programs EXCEPT ___C______.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of __C_______.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USA consist of the following programs EXCEPT___D______.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organization?----C---A. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has become increasingly prominent in private charity activity?---D-----A. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true about American health care services?----D----A. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The U.S. has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, the United States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed during the Obama administration, the government will require most Americans to have health insurance by ___D____.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the following sense EXCEPT ____D____.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedom UTIL7.1. There are currently ___D_____ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently __B_____ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. ___C_______ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of ___C______.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of ____B___ ordinary citizens.A. 1-6B. 6-12C. 12-23D. 23-306. Generally, the grand jury consists of ___C____ ordinary citizens.A. 1-6B. 6-12C. 12-23D. 23-307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and ___B____ associate justicesA. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of __A_____ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11-19B. 19-24C. 24-45D. 45-549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of death among non-White males between the ages of ____C____.A. 11-19B. 19-24C. 24-45D. 45-5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the police and detectives in the city, and by __D_____ in rural areas.A. sheriffsB. constablesC. magistratesD. both A and BUTIL81. To many Americans, education is important because _____D________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B 2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary level are _____D_________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _____A__________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______B________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for ______D_________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is ______B_________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public and private institutions of higher learning in the U.S.A. noB. significantC. someD. not much7. The community college ______B_________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. covers ___C____ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 14。

英语国家概况期末复习

英语国家概况期末复习

英语国家概况CanadaUnit11. Canada is the second largest country in the Western Hemisphere. F2. Canada is bounded on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. T3. Most of the Canadian people live close to the U.S. border on the south. T4. The highest peak in Canada is Mount Logan. T5. The St. Lawrence is the longest river in Canada. F6. Canada has more lakes and inland waters than any other country in the world. T7. Western Canada consists of the Appalachian Region and the Great Lakes & St. Lawrence Lowlands. F8. The Labrador Current brings warmer air to the southeast of Canada, but its effects are limited. F9. Toronto is the world’s largest French-speaking city outside France. F10. Few French Canadians live in Ontario and New Brunswick. F1. Indigenous peoples, also called “Aboriginal”, make up ___C_____ percent of the total population in Canada.A. 1.5B. 2C. 4.4D. 3.52. Canada occupies nearly all of North America north of latitude _____C_______ north.A. 40°B. 45°C. 49°D. 50°3. There may be as many as _______C______ lakes in Canada.A. 1 millionB. 1.5 millionC. 2 millionD. 2.5 million4. The largest lake wholly within Canada is ___B______.A. Lake SuperiorB. the Great BearC. the Great SlaveD. Lake Huron5. ____A_____ is the largest river in Canada in volume of water.A. The St. LawrenceB. The MackenzieC. The YukonD. The Saskatchewan6. The largest island in Canada is ______B_____.A. Manitoulin IslandB. Baffin IslandC. Victoria IslandD. Newfoundland7. The following are the provinces in Canadian Interior Plains EXCEPT ___D_____.A. AlbertaB. SaskatchewanC. ManitobaD. Quebec8. ___C_____ is the fastest-growing mother tongue in Canada.A. SpanishB. FrenchC. ChineseD. English9. ___B____ were beneficiaries of the westward movement and enjoyed growth rates well above the Canadian average.A. Ontario and QuebecB. British Columbia and AlbertaC. Saskatchewan and ManitobaD. Nunavut and Northwest Territories10. ______C_______ is the first large political unit in North America with an indigenous majority.A. Northwest TerritoriesB. YukonC. NunavutD. SaskatchewanUnit21. The first group of Europeans to settle in Canada in large numbers were the French. T2. Under the Quebec Act, France officially ceded New France to Britain. F3. Under the Constitution Act of 1791, the British divided Quebec into two colonies, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. T4. Reformers led by William Lyon Mackenzie were demanding an American form of government and separation from Great Britain. T5. Under the British North America Act of 1867, Canada became an independent country. F6. William Lyon Mackenzie King is Canada’s longest-serving prime minister. T7. In 1982 the British North America Act was replaced by a new constitution for the government of Canada. T8. Under the controversial Charter of the French Language adopted in 1977, French is the only official language in Quebec. T9. Conservative Party’s victory in the 2006 elections ended 20 years of Liberal Party rule in Canada and made Harper the country’s 22nd Prime Minister. F1.The name “Canada”is believed to be derived from “kanata”, an Indian word meaning __C____.A. a guitarB. a meeting placeC. a settlementD. a piece of land2. Who was the first French to discover Canada? BA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.3. Who founded the first permanent settlements at Quebec and Montreal on the St. Lawrence River? CA. John Cabot.B. Jacques Cartier.C. Samuel de Champlain.D. Henry Hudson.4. In 1774, the British passed __A_____ that guaranteed the French protection of their language and religion.A. the Quebec ActB. the Treaty of ParisC. the Constitution Act of 1791D. the Act of Union5. When was Canada given internal self-government? CA. In 1791.B. In 1840.C. In 1848.D. In 1867.6. Who was the first Prime Minister of the new Canada? AA. Sir John Macdonald.B. Sir Wilfrid Laurier.C. Robert Borden.D. Mackenzie King.7. In 1905, ____C____ were carved out of the Northwest Territories.A. Ontario and QuebecB. Manitoba and British ColumbiaC. Alberta and SaskatchewanD. Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island8. In 1967, ___B____ was approved by the Parliament of Canada as the national anthem.A. “God Save the Queen”B. “O Canada”C. “Advance Canada Fair”D. “God Defend Canada”9. Since when has the Canadian government followed a policy of bilingualism? AA. 1969B. 1970C. 1976D. 198010. Quebec voters narrowly rejected secession from Canada in a ___C____ referendum.A. 1980B. 1990C. 1995D. 2000Unit31. Saskatchewan is the world’s largest producer of potash. F2. Ontario has the greatest developed and potential hydroelectric resources in Canada. F3. One-half of Canada’s wheat is grown in Alberta. F4. Canada is the world’s largest producer of newsprint. T5. Oil and gas production is centered mainly in Manitoba. F6. Canada is the world’s leading producer of hydroelectricity. T7. Quebec has the heaviest concentration of manufacturing in Canada, accounting for more than one-half of Canada’s total value of manufacturing shipments. F8. Mining industries now produce more than half of Canada’s exports. F9. In the services sector, Canada’s exports exceed its imports. F10. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect in 1989. F1. Which of the following is NOT Canada’s waterway? BA. The St. Lawrence.B. The Mississippi.C. The Great Lakes.D. The Mackenzie.2. Almost ____A_____ of the land area of Canada is covered by forests.A. halfB. one-thirdC. two-thirdsD. three-quarters3. British Columbia ranks _______A______ in the productivity of forests in Canada.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth4. Most of the Canada’s farmland is located in ___B____.A. the Atlantic ProvincesB. the Prairie ProvincesC. QuebecD. Ontario5. The following types of fish have been the most important exports from the Atlantic coast EXCEPT ____D______.A. codB. crabC. lobsterD. salmon6. Much of pre-Confederation history revolves around the competition between the French and British for control of the profitable ___C_____.A. mining industryB. farmlandsC. fur tradeD. tobacco plantation7. Canada is the world’s largest exporter of the following EXCEPT _____D_________.A. uraniumB. zincC. potashD. nickel8. Canada is the world’s ______D________ largest exporter of oil.A. secondB. fourthC. sixthD. tenth9. Canada has just 0.6% of the world’s population, but accounts for ____A___ of total exports in world trade.A. 4%B. 5%C. 6%D. 7%10. Canada’s largest trading partner is ___B_____.A. Great BritainB. the United StatesC. JapanD. GermanyUint41. In Canada territories have more autonomy from the federal government than provinces do. F2. Since the British North America Act laid the foundation of Confederation, it formed the entire Canadian Constitution. F3. In Canada the central government exercises all powers not specifically assigned to the provinces. T4. The Canadian Parliament consists of the British monarch, the House of Representatives and the Senate. F5. The executive head of government in Canada is the Prime Minister. T6. The members of the Senate are appointed, normally by the Governor General but in effect by the Prime Minister. T7. The House of Commons in Canada is the key legislative branch, where most important bills are introduced. T8. In Canada, members of the House of Commons are not directly elected by the voters. F9. The legal system in Canada is based on English common law and there is no exception. F10. The dominant national political parties in Canada during the 20th century have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. F1. Canada is a federation of _______C_______ provinces and ______________ territories.A. six / twoB. eight / fourC. ten / threeD. twelve / four2. ________C__________ cut the last legal tie between Canada and Britain and transferred the constitutional amending power from the British government to Canada.A. The BNA ActB. The Meech Lake AccordC. The Constitution of 1982D. The referendum in 19953. The constitution of 1982 gathered the previous constitutional acts into a single framework and added the ______A___________.A. Charter of Rights and FreedomsB. Statute of WestminsterC. Canada ActD. Constitution Act4. Canada is divided into ______B_________ districts, called “ridings” or “constituencies”.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1005. There are ______A________ Senators in Canadian Parliament.A. 105B. 308C. 650D. 1006. Québec has a ______B______ system based on the _____________ law system.A. criminal-law / FrenchB. civil-law / FrenchC. criminal-law / BritishD. civil-law / British7. In Canada, general elections must be held at least once every _____D_________.A. two yearsB. three yearsC. four yearsD. five years8. The third party with a tradition of national support is ______B_________.A. the Democratic PartyB. the New Democratic PartyC. the Labour PartyD. the Socialist Party9. In 2003, the Progressive Conservatives and the _____B________ merged to form a new party known as the Conservative Party.A. the New Democratic PartyB. Canadian AllianceC. Reform PartyD. Liberal Party10. Canada’s system of political parties is characterized by the following EXCEPT ______D________.A. two major partiesB. one-party ruleC. division between federal and provincial party systemD. two-and-a-half party systemUint51. Canada is officially bilingual, and all services provided by the federal government are available in English and French. T2. Cultural pluralism within a bilingual framework is the essence of the Canadian identity. T3. Religion has been an important influence in Canada’s history since the earliest efforts of missionaries to Christianize the native people. T4. Education systems in Canada derive from British, American, and particularly in the province of Québec, French traditions. T5. Although lacrosse is Canada’s first national game, today hockey is its most popular sport. T6. It is more appropriate to speak of Canadian cultures rather than a single national culture. T7. Canada Day commemorates the birthday of Queen Victoria. F1. In __C____, the Canadian government adopted a policy of multiculturalism.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19722. As far as Canadian education is concerned, each province has its own system because ___B______.A. education is very important to CanadiansB. education is a provincial responsibilityC. most Canadians live in towns and citiesD. most Canadians speak English3. According to _C____, Canada’s health system should provide health services to all people regardless of income.A. Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services ActB. Medical Care ActC. Canada Health ActD. Canada Health and Social Transfer program4. __A_____ was the first private non-denominational university to receive a charter.A. McGill UniversityB. Universitédu QuébecC. University of TorontoD. University of British Columbia5. The federal Department of Environment was established in __C____.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19726. The Official Languages Act, which stated that both French and English were to be official languages throughout Canada, was passed in ___A_____.A. 1969B. 1970C. 1971D. 19727. Charter of the French Language, which stated that only French was the official language in Quebec, was passed in ____C____.A. 1975B. 1976C. 1977D. 19788. July 1, which was known as “Dominion Day”, became “Canada Day” in _____C_______.A. 1867B. 1879C. 1982D. 19859. In Canada, Thanksgiving Day was celebrated on ____B_____.A. the first Monday in OctoberB. the second Monday in OctoberC. the fourth Thursday in NovemberD. the final Thursday in NovemberAustralianUnit11. Australia is sometimes called “the Land Down Under”because it lies south of the equator. T2. Australia is the only continent occupied entirely by a single nation. T3. Australia’s southern coasts are washed by the Coral Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Timor Sea. F4. Although Australia is a small continent, it is a large country: only Russia, Canada and China have larger areas. F5. The Eastern Highlands tend to be low and broad in the north and get higher in the south. T6. Lake Eyre, Australia’s largest lake, is known as a part-time lake, because most of the time it has no water at all. T7. Australia is hot and dry, because it lies in the Southern Hemisphere. F8. New South Wales is called “the premier state”, because it has the largest population. F9. Though the smallest state, Victoria has an importance in the country’s economy far greater than its size might indicate. F10. The northern area of Western Australia is called the Red Center of Australia. F1. With regard to its size, Australia is _____D________ country in the world.A. the third largestB. the fourth largestC. the fifth largestD. the sixth largest2. Most Australians live on the cool, wet, forested _________A_______.A. southeast coastlandB. southwest coastlandC. northeast coastlandD. northwest coastland3. Australia is politically divided into ____D_________ states and ______________ territories.A. four / threeB. five / twoC. six / threeD. six / two4. The only city on the western coast which has a population of more than one million is ______B______.A. DarwinB. PerthC. the Gold CoastD. Brisbane5. Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, is internationally known for its ______D_________.A. wineB. beautiful sceneryC. valuable mineralsD. arts festival6. Tasmania is an island which lies _B___ of the Australian mainland.A. north of the northeastern cornerB. south of the southeastern cornerC. east of the northeastern cornerD. west of the southeastern corner7. ________A_________ forms the essence of the Australian Outback.A. The Northern TerritoryB. Western AustraliaC. South AustraliaD. Queensland8. The coral of the Great Barrier Reef fringes the coastline of _____C_______ for more than 2,000 kilometres.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Tasmania9. Torres Strait Islanders come from _______C________.A. mainland AustraliaB. TasmaniaC. the islands between the tip of Queensland and Papua New GuineaD. the coral islands of the Great Barrier Reef10. Australian aborigines held a traditional belief that the land they lived on was created during the ______C_____.A. Golden AgeB. GenesisC. DreamtimeD. Five SunsUnit21. The history of Australia began with the arrival of the first permanent European settlers in 1788. F2.The first Australians were the Aborigines who migrated from Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago. T3. Although James Cook, a British explorer, has often been called the discoverer of Australia, European explorers were not the first outsiders to visit Australia. T4. The first European settlement by British convicts occurred in 1788 at Botany Bay in southeastern Australia. F5. The first major discoveries of gold were made in New South Wales and Victoria in the early 1860s. F6. The Federation of the six original Australian states took place in 1901 and the first Prime Minister was Henry Parkes. F7. After the Pacific war between Japan and the United States broke out in 1941 and Britain was unable to provide sufficient support for Australia’s defense, the new Labour government decided to seek alliance with the United States. T8. In 1972, the Labor Party won office in the federal election and Gough Whitlam became the first Labor Prime Minister in 23 years. T9. Gough Whitlam was dismissed by the Governor-General in November 1975 because the Labor Party lost in the general election. F1. Aboriginal culture was totally disrupted by _______A_________.A. the European settlement of Australia from 1788 onwardsB. the wars among different Aboriginal tribesC. bush fires, floods and droughtsD. the development of science and technology2. Apart from massacres, large numbers of Aborigines also died of _______C___________.A. the European way of livingB. the firearms of the white settlersC. the diseases introduced into Australia by the white settlersD. the wars among different Aboriginal tribes3. It is assumed that the first Europeans who reached Australia’s shores were _____D_________.A. the DutchB. the EnglishC. the GermansD. the Spanish and Portuguese4. In 1788, Australia was settled by the British as a colony founded ______C________A. to receive free settlersB. to supply Britain with wool and foodC. to receive convicts from BritainD. to expand Britain’s imperial power5. Australia’s national day, Australia Day, is on ________C__________.A. 1 JanuaryB.18 JanuaryC. 26 JanuaryD. 31 January6. ____A_____ became the financial and commercial centre of Australia during the Gold Rush and attracted British investment and dominated rural exports.A. MelbourneB. SydneyC. CanberraD. Brisbane7. Which of the following is NOT true about Australian federation of 1901? BA. Australia became an independent country.B. Australia had its own head of state.C. After federation Australia still relied on Britain for trade and investment.D. Britain conducted diplomacy and made war on behalf of Australia.8. In the 1950s, Australia stressed the importance of developing a close association with the United States through ______B__________.A. the ANZACB. the ANZUSC. the ANZGD. the ANA9. Whitlam proposed reforms concerned with the following issues EXCEPT _________D__________.A. foreign relationsB. race relationsC. women’s rightsD. establishing a republic10. In ___B____, the question of becoming a republic was put to a referendum.A. 1998B. 1999C. 2000D. 2001Unit31. Wool, and later gold, launched the Australian colonies on a path of rapid economic growth. T2. Despite industrialization from the mid-19th century, the Australian economy has remained specialized and heavily dependent on the export of farming and mineral products. T3. Despite the problems of long-distance transport to unreliable markets, Australia is a major exporter of wool, wheat, meat, sugar, dairy products, fruits, cotton and rice. T4. Agriculture generates only 10%-15% of Australia’s export earnings and is thus not very important to the country’s economy. F5. Mining has been central to the Australian economy since the 19th century, as both a catalyst to national development and a major source of export income. T6. In Australia, as elsewhere in the world, tourism is a rapidly expanding industry. T7. The main feature of Australia’s trade is the exchange of raw materials for finished products. T8. Since the end of World War II there have been great changes in Australia’s trading patterns and international economic relations. T9. A significant reorientation of trade towards Asia and the Pacific is now taking place in Australia. T1.Australia is the world’s largest exporter of ___B____.A. wheatB. woolC. meatD. dairy products2. ____A____ is the country’s leading grain crop and is grown in every state.A. WheatB. SugarC. CornD. Rice3. Official estimates suggested that a total of ____C___ of Australia’s land area was native forest.A. one-thirdB. one-fourthC. one-fifthD. one-sixth4. The Australian Fishing Zone ranks the ___C___ in size in the world.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth5. Manufacturing now contributes about __C____ to Australia’s GDP.A. one-thirdB. one-sixthC. one-eighthD. one-tenth6. Australia boasts the world’s largest known recoverable resources of the following EXCEPT __D___.A. leadB. uraniumC. silverD. gold7. ___B___ traditionally has the largest share by value of total national mineral production.A. South AustraliaB. Western AustraliaC. QueenslandD. Northern Territory8. Australia ranks the ___A___ in diamond production in the world.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth9. Australia’s telecommunications and IT market is the __D____ largest in the world.A. thirdB. sixthC. eighthD. tenth10. Today, Australia’s largest trading partner is __C____.A. JapanB. the United StatesC. ChinaD. the United KingdomUnit41. Australia has a federal system of government which consists of a federal government and six state governments each exercising its allotted powers independently of the other. T2. Australia is not independent because it still has constitutional links with Britain. F3. The basic structure of Australian government is based on both the British and American models. T4. The Australian Constitution is entirely founded on a written document. F5. In the Australian Federal Parliament, the two Houses have exactly equal powers. F6. Although the National Party has never won a majority of seats in the House of Representatives, it has the ability to hold a balance of power in the Federal Parliament. T7. The High Court is the most superior in the Australian legal system. T1.The following powers are given to the state governments EXCEPT ____D___.A. educationB. transportC. health servicesD. defense2. In Australia, each state has ___D___ Senators.A. 2B. 6C. 8D. 123. Which state has only one chamber in the State Parliament? CA. New South WalesB. VictoriaC. QueenslandD. Western Australia4. Party politics in Australia started in 1910 when _D____.A. the Australian Labor Party was formedB. the Liberal Party was formedC. Australians began to vote in the federal electionsD. Australian voters began to choose between Labor and Liberal5. Australia’s oldest surviving political party is ___C____.A. the Liberal PartyB. the Country PartyC. the Australian Labor PartyD. the Australian Democrats6. In Australian politics, the Liberal Party has been in coalition with ___B______ since 1923.A. the Australian Labor PartyB. the National PartyC. the Australian DemocratsD. the Progress Party7. The task of interpreting the Constitution belongs to __ C ___.A. the Federal CourtB. the Supreme CourtC. the High CourtD. the Family CourtUnit51. Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to speak their own language and maintain their own customs. T2. When the Australian colonies joined together as a Commonwealth in 1901, the “White Australia policy”was a cornerstone of the new nation’s policies. T3. In Australia there have been several debates on immigration and multiculturalism in recent years, andsuch debates are unlikely to happen again in the future. F4. Only recently have Australians begun to realize that migrants from non-Anglo-Australian backgrounds also have their own cultural and intellectual life, their own traditions and customs which need to be respected. T5. As people with different traditions and customs interact with each other, a peculiar blend of different cultures will be emerging in Australia. T6. In Australia, the preparatory year in education is compulsory and universal. F7. The Alice Springs School of the Air is a secondary correspondence school that utilizes various communications technologies to have daily contact with students, home tutors and teachers. F8. Herald Sun, published in Melbourne, has the largest circulation among Sunday papers. F9. The No.1 watched sport in Australia is soccer. F1. Under multiculturalism migrant groups are able to do the following EXCEPT _________D________.A. to speak their own languageB. to keep their own lifestylesC. to maintain their own customsD. to make their own laws2. The following are the main reasons why the White Australia policy was officially abandoned in 1973 EXCEPT ____D___.A. in most years after 1945 Australia was unable to recruit enough migrants from European countriesB. humanitarian concerns have made Australia accept many refugees from Asian countriesC. Australia must change its image so that it can live in harmony with the peoples of AsiaD. Asian countries are more prosperous than Australia3. The effective end of the White Australia policy is usually dated to __D____.A. 1966B. 1970C. 1972D. 19734. The first official national multicultural policy was implemented by the __B___ Government.A. WhitlamB. FraserC. HawkeD. Keating5. In Australia, school education is compulsory until age ____C____.A. 12B. 14C. 15D. 186. The best known example of audio teaching in Australia is __d___.A. the Radio SchoolB. the Net SchoolC. the Flying SchoolD. the School of the Air7. Among Sunday papers, __A_____ is the most widely circulated.A. Sun TelegraphB. Sunday SunC. Herald SunD. Sunday Mail8. ANZAC Day on __C____ is a holiday which memorializes in particular the troops who were slaughtered at Gallipoli in World War I.A. April 20B. April 22C. April 25D. April 269. The oldest international arts festival in Australia was held in __C____.A. SydneyB. MelbourneC. PerthD. CanberraNew ZealandUnit11. New Zealand is situated in the Northern Pacific Ocean, halfway between the Equator and the North Pole. F2. New Zealand is made up of two large islands: the North Island and the South Island, and numerous smaller islands. T3. New Zealand is the first country to get the new day because it is just east of the International Date Line. F4. The mountain range which runs almost the whole length of the South Island is called the Southern Alps. T5. The Clutha River is the longest river of New Zealand. F6. New Zealand often has earthquakes because a fault line runs the length of the country. T7. Since its climate is generally a temperate one, New Zealand’s weather is not changeable. F8. New Zealand is sometimes referred to as an “ultimate storehouse for discontinued zoological models”. T9. About three-quarters of the population live in the South Island. F10. A large percentage of the total Maori population isconsidered fluent in Maori. F1. New Zealand is situated about 1, 600 km ___B____ .A. northwest of AustraliaB. southeast of AustraliaC. northeast of AustraliaD. southwest of Australia2. The largest Lake in New Zealand is ____B___ .A. Lake Te AnauB. Lake TaupoC. Lake WakatipuD. Lake Wanaka3. The highest peak in New Zealand is ___B____ .A. Mount TasmanB. Mount CookC. Mount DampierD. Mount Ruapehu4. The following are the volcanic mountains in the North Island EXCEPT ___B____ .A. RuapehuB. Mt. CookC. NgaurohoeD. Tongariro5. The most serious potential natural disasters in New Zealand are __C____ .A. storms and earthquakesB. volcanoes and floodsC. earthquakes and volcanoesD. floods and storms6. ____B____ is the flightless bird which has become asymbol of New Zealand.A. EmuB. KiwiC. WekaD. Pukeko7. What percentage of the population of New Zealand is of European (mainly British) descent? DA.50%.B.67%.C.73%.D.80%.8. The following are the reasons for the uneven distribution of the population of New Zealand EXCEPT ___A____ .A. the concentration of mineral resources in the northB. the milder climate in the northC. the expansion of North Island industriesD. the availability of land suitable for specializedfarming9. What is the most common religion in New Zealand? AA. Christianity.B. Islam.C. Buddhism.D. Judaism.10. New Zealanders speak English with a distinctive__B____ accent.A. BritishB. New ZealandC. IrishD. ScottishUnit21. James Cook was the first European to sight New Zealand in 1642. F2. The rights of indigenous people to the land they inhabited have never been recognized in New Zealand. F3. On 6 February, 1840, representatives of the British Crown and Maori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi. T4. The inhabitants of New Zealand at the time of Tasman’s visit were the Maori, who began settling the land in the early 6th century. F5. The discovery of gold in the 1860s caused a new influx of immigrants. T6. Aotearoa is the Maori name for New Zealand, meaning “land of gold”. F7. The focus of Maori community life is the marae, which is a Maori word meaning “the meeting house and。

英语国家概况复习整理

英语国家概况复习整理

英语国家概况复习整理英语国家概况一、国家概况英语是世界上使用最广泛的第二语言,几乎所有英语国家都以英语为官方语言。

以下是几个代表性的英语国家概况:1. 英国(United Kingdom)英国位于欧洲大陆的西北部,由四个国家组成:英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰。

英国是一个君主立宪制国家,伦敦是其首都和最大城市。

英国是工业革命的发源地之一,对现代科学、文化和法律产生了重要影响。

2. 美国(United States)美国是一个位于北美洲的联邦共和制国家,由50个州组成。

华盛顿特区是其首都,纽约市是最大城市。

美国是世界上最大的经济体和军事力量之一,对全球政治、经济和文化具有巨大影响。

3. 加拿大(Canada)加拿大是北美洲最北端的国家,是一个君主立宪制国家。

渥太华是其首都,多伦多是最大城市。

加拿大是世界上最大的国家之一,拥有丰富的自然资源和文化多样性。

4. 澳大利亚(Australia)澳大利亚是世界上面积第六大的国家,位于南太平洋地区。

堪培拉是其首都,悉尼是最大城市。

澳大利亚以其独特的自然景观、丰富的动植物种类和多元文化而闻名。

5. 新西兰(New Zealand)新西兰位于南太平洋地区,由北岛和南岛组成。

惠灵顿是其首都,奥克兰是最大城市。

新西兰以其美丽的自然景观和友好的人民而闻名,是旅游和冒险活动的热门目的地。

二、国家特点1. 文化和历史英语国家的文化和历史各具特色。

英国的文化底蕴深厚,有着悠久的王室传统和文学艺术遗产。

美国是一个移民国家,融合了来自世界各地的文化,拥有独特的美国梦和好莱坞电影文化。

加拿大和澳大利亚等英联邦国家也保留了英国文化的一些传统,并发展了自己的多元文化。

2. 经济和科技英语国家在经济和科技领域具有强大实力。

英国在金融、教育、文化创意产业等领域发达,是世界上最重要的金融中心之一。

美国是全球最大的市场之一,科技创新领域具有很高的竞争力。

加拿大和澳大利亚等国也在自然资源开发和高科技产业方面表现出色。

英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版

英语国家概况复习整理精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版英语国家概况复习整理一、单选题知识点:1.英国部分英国的主要岛屿:Great Britain and IrelandEdinburgh(爱丁堡)是苏格兰的首都英国有超过60 million的人口Northern Ireland是4个英国组成部分中最小的一个1/4 人口住在southeastern England英语属于Indo-European 语系中的Germanic(日耳曼语)基督教额引入为英国添加了第一笔 Latin and Greek色彩中世界英语被Norman influence强化塞缪尔.约翰逊的词典的意义是建立了Spelling的标准目前,将近a quarter的世界人口讲英文The Gremanic对罗马的进攻结束了罗马人占领英国在7世纪晚期,Roman Christianity(天主教会)处于英格兰的主导地位Westminster Abbey(威斯敏斯特教堂)建立在Edward the confessor(忏悔者爱德华)时期The Norman conquest 标志着Feudalism(封建制度)在英国的建立玫瑰花战争带来the House of Tudor的统治宗教改革(Religious Reformation)的直接原因是亨利三世国王divorce his wife英国革命在1642年爆发于Royalists and Parliamentarians(保皇党人和国会议员)之间Bill of Right(人权法案)在Glorious Revolution (光荣革命)后被通过19世纪中期英国的Industrial Revolution完成英国在20世纪初期面临着强烈的全球帝国统治挑战英国政府的三权分立:judiciary(司法),legislature(立法)及executive(行政),而不包括momarchy(君主) 英国君主的重要性体现在他在public attitude方面的影响British Cabinet(内阁)在Collective responsibility(集体负责制)的原则下工作英国Priry Council(枢密院)的主要责任是Give advice英国议会大选每5年举行一次Scotland拥有建立在罗马法律基础上的独特的法律系统英国议会的经营是two-party(两党的)模式保守党的政策是典型的Pragmatism(实用主义)和 a belief in individualism(个人主义的信仰)工会党(The Labor Prty)的影响是建立了全国健康服务体制(National Health Service)英国经济到1800s实现了全球统治在1946年,英国议会通过了两个重要法案,建立了福利规定1970s早期的The oil crisis(石油危机)恶化了本来已经不景气的英国经济布莱尔政府没有在reducing inequality方面获得成功英国开垦了74%的土地用于发展农业英国的渔业地区不包括The sea area between Britain and Ireland在英国,煤矿产业提供了1/4的能源英国汽车产业几乎全部是Foreign-owned(外企)英国文艺复兴时期最光辉的成就是drama(戏剧)"Preface to Lyrical Ballads"是浪漫诗的开篇之作Thomas Hardy 是19世纪批判现实主义的代表Waiting for Godot是Samuel Bekett 写的2.美国部分美国大陆上有48个statesAlaska是最大的州美国在 central North America ,加拿大在它的北面,墨西哥在南面,大西洋在它的东面,太平洋在它的西面美国最大的河流是Mississippi River哈佛、耶鲁和MIT等著名大学位于New EnglandNiagara Falls(尼亚加拉瀑布)位于美国-加拿大边境上阿拉斯加人口中没有the Blacks美国最大的少数民族是the Blacks1924年的移民法案限制美国的进一步移民,尤其是来自欧洲的美国文化主流的特点是:English-speaking,Western European,Protestant and Middle-class第一个北美殖民地建立在Jamestorn,VirginiaPilrim Fathers 是一群Paritans(清教徒),他们为了逃避在英国的迫害而来到美国7年战争发生在French and British之间"No taxation without represtation"是The people of 13 colonies的口号美国独立战争的第一枪在Lexingto (列克星顿)打响1775年5月,The second continenta congrsee 在Philadelphia举行林肯签发了Declaration of Independence承诺给予所以奴隶自由第二次世界大战开始时,美国是neutrality(中立的)政策Roosevelt(罗斯福)新政处理了大萧条的问题越南战争继续受Eisenhower,kennedy and johnson的影响美国的ore(矿石)只占世界很小部分现代美国经济经历了faming economy,handcraft economy,最终形成industrial economy第一家国家银行是在Alexander Hamilton时期建立的美国1/3粮食用于出口目前,美国出口占世界10%美国常规教育包括elementary,secondary and higher education美国高等教育开始于Harvard University 的建立MIT没有出过总统美国国庆节在July 4thWashington Irving 是美国文学之父Tony Morrison是第一个获得诺贝尔奖文学奖的非裔美国人二、名词解释:1. American Civil War(美国内战)American Civil War is a war that was fought in the US between 1861 and 1865 when 11 southern states rebelled against the federal government. The southern states were beaten, and as a result of the war, slaves became free.2.Melting pot and salad(大熔炉)The melting pot is an analogy for the way in which homogeneous societies develop, in which the ingredients in the pot (people of different cultures, races and religions) are combined so as to develop a multi-ethnic society. The term, which originates from the United States, is often used to describe societies experiencing large scale immigration from many different countries.3.American Constitution(美国宪法)American Constitution,which was drawn up in 1787 and came into effect in 1789,is the basic law of the land.For over two centuries,it has guided the development of government institution and has the basis for the nation,s political stability,economic growth and social progress.4.Cold War(冷战)In the spring of 1947 ,for the purpose of establishing the U.S.hegenmiony(霸权) in postwar world,President Truman declared the "Tueman Doctrine",aiming at expanding American sphere of influence.This marked the beginning of the Cold War period.the Cold War exerted great influence in Europe,and two Germanys were founded.Then,in April 1949,the U.S.allied with other Western countries,forming the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.While seeking to prevent Communist ideology from gaining further adherents(追随者) in Europe, the U.S.also responded to the challenges elsewhere.5.Thanksgiving(感恩节)Thanksgiving is a associated with the time when Europeans first came to the New World.In1620,the Mayflower arrived and brought about 150 Pilgrims.Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food,so many of them died.During the following summer the Native Americans helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest.So they held a big celebration to thank God and the Native Americans.6.British Labor Party(英国工会党)British Labor Party known as a party of high taxation,was created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century.It quickly replaced the Liberal Party as one of the two largest political parties.The Labor government that come to power in 1945 had a major effort on British society. It set up the National Health Service.The party activities are largely funded by the trade unions.7.British Conservative Party(英国保守党)By and large, the Conservative Party is supported by those who have something to "conserve".Economically,the Conservative Party supports free enterprise and privatization of state-owned enterprise.It is against too much government intervention,especially nationalization.The Conservative Partyfavors reducing the influence of trade unions and minimizing expenditures on social welfare.Its policies are charactized by pragmatism and a belied in individualism.monwealth of Nations(联邦国家)The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign statse,all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head.The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort,and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs.It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence.The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy,human rights,and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.9.Critical Realism(批判现实主义)The Critical Realism of the 19th centry flourished in the 1840s and the early 1850s.The Critical Realism described the chief traits of the society and criticized the capitalist system from a democratic viewpoint.The greatest English realist was Charles Dickens.10.Standard English (标准英语)Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England.It is widely used in media and taught at school .It is preferred by the educated,middle-class people .It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct British English .It is also the norm carried overseas.Today Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is thought and used.三、简答题:1.what is the full name of the UK?The full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery ,to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3.How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they ?The development of the English language can be divided into three periods : Old English ,Middle English and Modern English.4.Why did English become more important after the Black Death?The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death,so English also grew in importance compare to French.。

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Unit 1 UK著名景点Big Ben 大本钟2、Tower Bridge(crosses the River Thames; close to the Tower of London; symbol of London ) 3、Westminster Abbey ( Gothic church in the City of Westminster,London; Coronation and burial site for British monarchs.) 4、Red Double Decker Bus (mass transit)英国基本知识1、constituent parts ⇨ England/ Scotland/ Northern Ireland/ Wales(国旗)2、the national anthem(国歌)⇨ God save the queen3、The national Emblem⇨4、National flower⇨ Rose (Wars of the Roses - civil wars (1455-1485) between the royal house of Lancaster ( red rose) and the royal house of York (white rose).)5、地理位置6、Full name⇨The "United Kingdom ofGreat Britain and Northern Ireland".(The British Isles不列颠岛; Great Britain; UK ; Commonwealth)7、Three political divisions(行政区域): England, Scotland, and Wales.8、Commonwealth⇨ A free association of sovereign states comprising Great Britain and a number of its former dependencies ; united as ‘free and equal members’.9、CapitalEngland(London); Scotland(Edinburgh); Wales(Cardiff);Northern Ireland(Belfast) 10、Backbone of England⇨ Pennine11、Ben Nevis⇨ the highest mountain in UK. 1343m12、North Ireland⇨ National flower: Irish clover (三叶草);Lough Neagh (the largest lake in UK) ; industrious; agricultural13、Rivers and lakes⇨1. The Severn River(longest river; from the mountain of Wales to the Bristol Channel) 2. The Thames River (Main source of London’s water supply;Second longest river in Britain; Costwold Hills--North Sea)3. The Clyde River (The most important river in Scotland)4. Lake District 5. Lough Neagh(The largest lake in Britain (396 square kilometers), Northern Ireland.)14、The climate in Britain⇨pea souper 超级浓雾Unit2 UK1、the first settler⇨ The Iberian(伊比利亚人)2、Stonehenge(巨石阵)⇨was a place of healing center;The most important monument left by Iberian;There are about 80 stones, and each is five meters tall.3、The Celtic language⇨ the basis of both Welsh and Gaelic(盖尔语) (Irish,Scotish).4、Hadrian ’s Wall5、7th century Heptarchy(七国联盟)⇨(Wessex; Sussex; Kent; Essex; East Anglia; Mercia; Northumbria)6、Viking pirates(维京海盗) ⇨ Vikings from Denmark;established somesmall kingdoms;Northern and eastern England7、The Norman Conquest(1066)⇨ The Normans that invaded England in 1066 came from Normandy in Northern France.8、Black Death(名词解释)⇨was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague(腺鼠疫), an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas ;in Europe; reduce England’s population from 4 million to 2 million9、Linguistic compositionEngland⇨1.Origin: Germanic (Anglo, Saxon,Jutes)nguage:English (union of Norman French and language of Anglo-Saxons); Cockney Wales⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Welsh (1/5; in north and west; the most flourishing of the Celtic languages).Scotland ⇨1.Origin:Highlanders (Celts) Lowlanders (Anglo –Saxon) nguage:English Scottish Gaelic, 2%Northern Ireland ⇨1.Origin:Celts nguage:English; Irish Gaelic10、Cockneys(伦敦腔)⇨ The dialect or accent of the natives of the East End of London.Unit 3 UK1、The House of Normans⇨ on Dec. 25, 1066 ; The Battle of Hastings; after the death of Edward the Confes2、The consequences of Norman Conquest⇨ 1. Feudal system completely established. 2. Norman government. 3. Relation with the continent opened.4.Civilization and commerce extended.5. Norman French culture, language, manners and architecture introduced.6. Church courts separated from the civil courts.3、the first king of the House of Plantagenet(1154)⇨ Henry II4、The king of Lackland⇨ King John(the feudal nobility and the leading Church figure, 1215); sign the Magna Carta5、The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)⇨ between France and England6、Wat Tyler’s Uprising/ Peasants’ Revolt(农民起义)⇨ in 1381; Cause: resentment over the poll tax; finance a war with France; In London, the peasants forced King Richard II to make several concession; Tyler was struck down; The major part of rebellion was crushed7、The War of Rose(1455 - 1485) ⇨ the House of Lancaster V.S. the House of York ; Henry Tudor defeated Richard II; United the two house8、The first king of Tudor⇨ Henry VII ;9、The Enclosure movement(圈地运动)⇨ fast development clothing industry→more wool was needed→sheep-farming(enclosure movement)→capital→ capitalism 10、Henry VIII ⇨ the English Reformation started in the region of Henry VIII for his marriage issue.11、Milestone(里程碑) of Elizabeth I ⇨ 1. Balance the protestants and Catholics 2. Her government was effective in reducing the power of old nobility, expending the power of her government, and effecting common law and administration throughout England. 3. Reached further through trade&adventure, new land, material, food 4. 1599, arena of world trade and colonization.12、English Revolution/ Civil War(英国革命)(1625--1649)⇨ Charles I ; King V.S. Parliament; Monarchy replaced Commonwealth13、Oliver Cromwell⇨ 1.defeated Charles I 2.Under his lead, the Parliament controlled most of England by 1646 Lord Protector14、The Glorious Revolution(光荣革命)⇨ James II → France; Parliament invited Mary II and William to take the throne; William and Mary were crowned as joint rulers.15、James Watt⇨ Scottish inventor , made vast improvements to the steam engine, making it practical for large-scale industrial use.16、The Chartist Movement(宪章运动)⇨ Political reform movement, 1838--1848; London Working Men’s Association sponsored; suffrage(选举权) for all male citizens over age 21; Large public meetingUnit 4 UK1、Constitutional Monarchy(君主立宪制)⇨ a monarch acts as head of state and his/ her power is legally bound by constitution.2、Constitution⇨ A constitution is a set of rules and conventions that lays down the powers and functions of state institutions and their relationship with each other.3、Sources of Constitution⇨1.Conventions ( rules and practices that do not exist legally, but regarded as vital to the working of government习惯法) 2.Statute law(laws passed by the Parliament at various times in response to particular situations成文法) mon law (laws set up by common practice in court普通法; A body of rules based on community customs and previous court decisions 法官在下乡所积累成的判决内容,即为日后判决的法律渊源,而形成共同的法律依据; can be amended or repealed by Parliament )4、“Divine right of Kings”⇨ The ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God ;an excuse for abusing power.5、Functions of the Monarch⇨ A. In law(The permanent head of state ;The commander-in-chief ;The temporal head of Anglican Church)B.In practice(She reigns, but does not rule ;Her role in state affairs: ceremonial and symbolic)6、Parliament ⇨a parliamentary democracy (民主议会制): Britain is arguably the oldest parliamentary democracy in the world. The government is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutions.7、Parliament ⇨ The supreme legislative body in the UK. The House of Lords meet the House of Commons;8、The elements of parliament⇨The Crown, the House of Lords, and House of Commons; 9、The life of parliament⇨ 5 years10、Functions of Parliament⇨ 1. Legislation(Create, abolish, amend laws)2. pass laws proposed by the government 3. voting for taxes and expenditure of the government 4. exam the government policy, administration & expenditure 5. Debates major political issues of the day11、The differences between Parliament and government ⇨Government (The government runs the country, known as the Executive; Government runs the country and is responsible to the parliament ) ; Parliament (Parliament is the highest legislative authority in the UK, also known as the Legislature ; Parliament represents the people)12、Origin of the Cabinet⇨The king or queen met regularly with a group of Parliamentarians, which became known as the Cabinet. (The Cabinet ministers wereappointed by the sovereign, and they had to have enough support in the House of Commons)13、The House of Commons ⇨ elected14、Central Government ⇨A. The Privy Council枢密院B. The Cabinet C. The Prime Minister D. Shadow Cabinet 影子内阁E. Ministers15、The Privy Council 枢密院⇨ An advisory institution; originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on affairs of state16、The Cabinet ⇨ (is the committee at the center of the British political system and is the supreme decision-making body in government.) Function⇨ policy-making ; the coordination of government departments ; the supreme control of the government17、No. 10 Downing Street⇨residence ; workplace ; Receives foreign guests.18、The Shadow Cabinet⇨The next largest party in the Commons forms a “shadow”cabinet whose members are responsible for criticizing government ministers and formulating opposition policies.19、Major Political Parties⇨Conservative Party(1679 / old / From Tories / Right wing party, private enterprise and freedom from state control / Supporters: middle& upper-middle class People of higher position) ; Labor Party(1990 / young / From Whig / Left wing party, nationalized industries, exercised control over private industries to revive the primary industries /Supporters: working class and common people relatively poor or underprivileged) ; Liberal Party.20、Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990) —The Iron Lady ⇨Recent Prime Ministers from the Labor Party21、First past the post (FPTP or FPP) ⇨an election determined by the highest polling candidate(s).Unit 5 UK1、Two branches of law⇨1.Civil law (governs the relationships andtransactions between private parties such as compensation for loss or damage.)2.Criminal law (mostly involves the rules laid down by the state for citizens and acts punishable by the state, such as theft and murder)2、The Court System⇨3、Court of appeal上诉法院⇨Civil Division (民事法庭);Criminal Division(刑事法庭)4、House of Lords⇨ The House of Lords is in the supreme executive body of the law. 上议院是英国最高的法院5、Scotland Yard⇨is often used to refer to the Metropolitan Police Service of London, UK. 苏格兰场、英国首都伦敦警务处总部Unit 8 UK1、The relationship between government and religion in Britain⇨ 1. The state supports the church in Economic and Political ways. 2.The church supports the state to reign the country, and it makes the king the authority. It does contribute to the unification of the UK. 3.The church also helps in legislation.2、Main Branches of Christianity⇨1. Roman Catholicism 大为搭 2. Orthodox Christianity丛棋搭3. Protestantism 擅搭3、Conflicts & Division between the Roman Catholic and Protestantism⇨ Reasons:English monarchs1. --- were jealous of the expanded power and wealth of the English church 2. --- resented the dominant influence of Rome in national affairs 3. --- Henry VIII, then , argued (a) he, not the pope : the supreme legal authority, (b) English church & its courts should be allegiant to him only.4、The Church of England⇨It was separated from the Roman Catholic church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy; the mother church of the worldwide communion (宗教团体); Its head is the king or queen of Britain; Parliament has a voice in its organization and rituals5、Structure of Church⇨1.(Elizabeth II is the Supreme Governor of the Church of England. )2. Church of England→Two Provinces (大教区) led by Archbishops(大主教)→43 Dioceses (主教教区) led by Bishops (主教)→Parishes(教区)led by Priests(牧师)6、The Church of Scotland⇨the leaders are the ministers(牧师)and elders;Follow the teaching of Calvin; Independent of all parliamentary supervisionUnit9 UK1、Some Facts⇨pulsory, 5 to 16; 2.The leaving age,18, by the Education and Skills Act 2008; 3.Expenditure on education public funds. 3.9:00am –4:00 pm ;4.The academic year in England: September July;3 terms, 8 weeks2、Types of Schools classified according to their financial source in Britain⇨1.Private schools(independent school, public school)(Private fee-paying schools; local or central government control)2.State schools(from state taxes and local council revenue; governing body (parent representatives, the head teacher) ;It is responsible for the main policy decision)3.V oluntary schools or Church schools(funded by religious denominations) 4.Self-governing or Grant-maintained (GM) school(receive funds from the government) 5. Specialist schools(are connected to Specialist schools a private backer)3、Private Schools⇨ Public schools/ Independent Schools; A variety of other schools are also private, including kindergartens, day schools, and newer boarding schools4、Higher Education⇨Four groups:“Oxbridge”:Oxford and Cambridge. “Redbrick”:a group of universities founded between 1850 and 1930. University of Leeds, University of Liverpool. Found after World War II: Sussex, York, East Anglia. The New universities:founded in the modern times5、University of Oxford⇨The oldest university in English-speaking country; Established time: 1167; School Motto: Dominus illumination mea(The Lord is my Light )6、All Souls College⇨England’s oldest institution of higher learning, Oxford UniversityUnit 1 US1、Official name: United States of America2、national flag:Stars and Stripes3、National Emblem:Bald eagle4、National flower: rose5、Nickname: Uncle Sam6、Capital: Washington D.C.7、Location: 48 contiguous states + 2 noncontiguous states + D.C ; central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to itswest.8、Alaska is the largest in area and Rhode Island the smallest.9、Three Geographical Divisions⇨Eastern part; Great Plains; Western part10、Rocky Mountains----great backbone of North America11、The Mississippi⇨ called “father of waters” and the “old man river”12、The Missouri⇨is one of the longest rivers in the world13、The Ohio⇨called the American Ruhr; steel industry14、The Great Lakes⇨苏必利尔湖(Lake Superior)、休伦湖(Lake Huron)、密歇根湖(Lake Michigan)、伊利湖(Lake Erie)、安大略湖(Lake Ontario)15、New England 新英格兰⇨Maine 缅因州New Hampshire 新罕布什尔州Vermont 佛蒙特州Massachusetts 马塞诸塞州(麻省) Rhode Island 罗得岛Connecticut 康涅狄格州16、The Mid-West States⇨ "Industrial midwest"17、The American South⇨ The legacy of a rigid social structure18、The American West⇨ computer software, mining and irrigated agriculture19、The Pacific Coast⇨ Gold Rush, 17th century; Los Angeles, Hollywood film20、The New States⇨Alaska 阿拉斯加州Hawaii 夏威夷Unit 2 US1、Indians⇨ The “first Americans”2、Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, discovered an unknown new world, mistook it for India; Amerigo Vespucci, proved it was not India, but a new continent, and the land was named after him3、The Colonial Period⇨The first English colony in the Continent was founded at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607, “mother state”.4、The Puritans⇨ The Puritans were wealthy, well-educated gentlemen5、The Battle of Lexington ( 1775 )⇨ The first shots starting the revolution6、The first Continental Congress(1774)⇨ Result: passed Declaration of Rights and Grievances7、The second Continental Congress(1775)⇨ Place: Philadelphia; Result: decided to draw up a Declaration of Independence8、Thomas Jefferson (1743 – 1826)⇨The third president of U.S.A9、George Washington (1732-99)⇨ The first president of USA10、The Battle of Yorktown⇨ Result: Decisive Victory ; The Treaty of Paris (1783)11、Uncle Tom’s Cabin⇨author: 1852,Harriet Beecher Stowe; “So this is the little lady who made this big war.” ---Lincoln12、The Civil War (1861-1865)13、Emancipation Proclamation 奴隶解放宣言⇨January 1, 1863, issued by Abraham Lincoln that freed the slaves of the Confederacy; This transformed the war from a war to save the Union, to a war to abolish slavery14、Homestead Act (1862)(宅地法)⇨ This act allowed the slaves to have their own land。

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