2019雅思写作考试真题(1)
2019年7月雅思真题回忆及解析
2019年7月雅思真题回忆及解析学习是一个长期坚持的过程，对于考试而言，每天进步一点点，基础扎实一点点，日积月累，考试就会更容易一点点。
无忧考网搜集整理了2019年7月雅思真题回忆，希望对大家有所帮助。
2019年7月举行了4场考试，考试时间为7月6日、7月18日、7月20日、7月27日。
以下内容仅供参考。
7月6日雅思口语真题回忆：Part 1考题总结考题总结基本题HometownWhere do you come from?What's the most attractive part of your hometown?What’s the weather like in your hometown?Do you know much about the history of your hometown?Has your hometown changed much these years?Would you say your hometown is a big city or a small town?For you, what benefits are there living in a big city?Do you think you will be still living in your hometown in the future?AccommodationWhat kind of housing do you live in?Do you live in a house or a flat?Do you live alone or with your family?Could you please describe the place you live in?Can you describe the room you live in?Which is your favourite room in your home?Is there anything which needs to be improved in your flat?What can you see when you look out the window of your room?The Area You Live InDo you like the area that you live in?What are some changes in the area recently?Do you know any famous people in your area?Where do you like to go to that area?Work or StudyAre you a student or do you work now?What subjects are you studying?Why did you choose that subject?Is there anything that you don’t like about it?What would you like to do in the future?What are the most popular subjects in China?What are your favourite classes/ courses/ subjects at school/ university? Do you think it’s important to choose a subject you like?Focusing on WorkWhat work do you do?Why did you choose to do that type of job?Do you like your job?What do you like best about your job?Do you miss being a student?TravellingDo you like travelling?What is the best place you have been to?When was your last trip?When was the last time you took a taxi?What is the place that left you the deepest impression when traveling?PerfumeDo you use perfume?What kind of perfume do you like?Do you buy others perfume as gifts?What does perfume mean to you?Why do you buy perfume?Weather and SeasonsWhat kind of weather do you like?What’s your favourite season?How’s the weather like in China?Do you like four different seasons or four similar seasons?What type of weather do you prefer for travelling?Do you think your emotions are related to weather?Which is your favourite type of weather?Is weather important to your travels?Do you think the weather in China has changed within the last few years? Do you usually discuss the weather?Do you want to visit a place with different weather?PetsAre there many people keeping pets in China?Have you ever had a pet when you were young?What pet will you keep if you want?Why do people keep pets?CelebrityWho is your favourite movie star?Are international superstars popular in your country? Have you ever met a celebrity/ superstar in real life? Do you want to be a superstar?SmileDo you like to smile?When do people smile at others?Do you smile when people take pictures of you?Can you recognize a fake smile?MathsDo you think mathematics is important?Do you think it's difficult to learn math well?Are girls generally good at math?Do you often use a calculator?Tea or CoffeeDo Chinese people like to drink tea or coffee?Do you prepare tea or coffee for the guests at home? When was the last time you drank tea or coffee?What do you think about tea or coffee?Looking at the SkyDo you like to watch the sky?Do you like the sky during the day or night?Have you been taught anything about stars or planets? What’s your favourite star?Which room can you best see the sky?Where’s the worst place to look at the sky?What’s the best spot to look at the sky?Social NetworkWhy do you use social networking apps?How often do you use social networking applications? Do you think it is good to make friends online?What are the disadvantages of social networking apps?Visiting RelativesDo you often visit your relatives?What do you do when visiting relatives?When was the last time you visited a relative?Why do people visit their relatives?GarbageWhy do some people throw garbage on the street?What do you do with garbage when you are on the street?How do you feel when you see people throw garbage on the street? Do you think your city is clean or not?ReadingHow often do you read?Do you have many books at home?What do you usually read?What is your favourite type of book?Do Chinese people like to read?Do Chinese people do enough reading?SharingDo you have anything to share with others recently?Did your parents teach you to share when you were a child?What kinds of things do you like to share with others?What kinds of things are not suitable for sharing?Borrowing or LendingHave you ever borrowed books from others?Have you ever borrowed money from others?Do you like to lend things to others?How do you feel when people don't return things that they borrowed from you? Is borrowing money okay for you?MailDo you write letters or emails?Do you like to write emails/letters?How often do you receive them?Who do you usually write to? Who do you usually receive it from?Do you prefer receiving phone calls or mail?Do you like to receive mail or phone calls?Do you think it’s difficult to write letters?MarketDo you often go to the supermarket?What do street markets sell?Are there many street markets in China?What are the differences between street markets and supermarkets?Crowded PlacesWhat places do you think are often crowded?When was the last time you were in a crowed place?How do you feel when you are in crowded places?PhotosDo you like to take photos?Do you prefer to take photos yourself or to have other people take photos? How often do you take photos?In what situations do you take photos? How do you keep your photos?SleepingHow many hours are you asleep every day?Is it necessary to take a nap every day?Do old people sleep a lot? Why?What time do you usually go to bed?Do you always have a good sleep?Do you take naps at noon?Do you like to read before bed?How have your sleeping habits changed since you were young?PatienceWere you patient when you were young?How do you feel when other people are not patient?Were you less or more patient when you were angry?Is it easy to be patient?Is it important to be patient?Public HolidaysHow many public holidays do you have in China?Do you want more holidays?Do you like public holidays?Which holiday do you like most?What do you usually do on public holidays?Would you like more public holidays?HandwritingDo you often write with a pen?Is your handwriting easy to read for other people?Do you like to receive cards with hand-written words?Can we tell someone’s personality from his or her handwriting?What’s the difference of writing with a pen and typing on a computer?OutdoorDo you prefer to be indoors or outdoors?Did you like to go outside when you were young?Did you often go to your friends' house when you were young?Is it important for children to play outdoors?PlanWhat is the hardest part about making plans?What is the latest plan you made?Do you make plans every day?Are you good at managing your time?TransportWhat transport do you like to take when you go travelling?Do you prefer public transport or private transport when you go out?Which did you choose the last time you went out? Why?What advice on transport would you give to the visitors to your country?How can the government encourage people to take the public transport?Daily RoutineWill you change your daily routine in the near future?What is the difference between people’s daily routine in the past and that in the present?Has your daily routine changed? And how?What do you usually do on weekends?MusicDo you like to listen to music?What kinds of music do you like?Have you been to a concert or live performance?What are the differences between listening to live music and from recordings? What kinds of music are popular in China?Is music an important subject at school in China?Part 2考题总结考题总结人类题1. A foreign celebrity you want to meet in person2. Someone who speaks a foreign language well3. Your favourite singer or band4. A person you have seen who is beautiful or handsome5. A person who has interesting ideas or opinions6. An intelligent person you know7. Someone you would like to study or work with8. A person who helps others9. A person who encouraged you to achieve a goal10. An old person who is interesting11. A person you wanted to be similar to when you were growing up12. A child who did something to make you laugh建筑地点题13. A historical building you have been to14. An ideal house15. A park or garden you like to visit.16. A newly built public facility (such as parks, cinemas etc.) that influences your city物件题17. A piece of clothing you enjoy wearing18. An advertisement you remember well19. An item you bought but do not often use20. A kind of food people eat during a special event21. A water sport you would like to try in the future22. Your grandparent’s job23. A practical skill you learned24. A party you enjoyed25. A subject you used to dislike but now have interested in26. Something you took home from a tourist attraction27. A piece of good news you heard form TV or the Internet28. A quiz or game show you watched on TV29. A success your friend has achieved30. A prize you want to win31. An outdoor sport you played for the first time32. Something lost by others but found by you33. A healthy lifestyle you know34. Something you do to help you study or work35. Something you do to stay healthy经验体验题36. A time that you gave advice to others37. A time you solved a problem through the Internet38. An occasion when you got up early39. A time when you invite your friend or family to dinner40. An unusual experience of traveling41. A historical period of time you would like to know42. A time you enjoyed your free time43. An experience that the vehicle you took broke down in your travel44. A time that you went out with your friend and had a good time45. A time that someone didn’t tell you the whole truth about something46. An occasion when you received an incorrect information47. A time you received a horrible service48. A time that you had to change your plan49. A situation when you didn’t have enough time50. A time you received a phone call from a stranger in a public place51. A time that you looked for information from the Internet本次考试考题精选范例解析 1. Are there many street markets in your country? Analysis: 这道题看起来是仅仅在问只是数量多少问题，但事实上是可以从过去和现在的对比上作为切入点分析。
2019年5月23日雅思写作考试真题及解析
2019年5月23日雅思写作考试真题及解析最新一期的雅思考试已经圆满结束，这次的考试引发了大家的热议。
今天就和一起看看2019年5月23日雅思写作考试真题及解析。
大陆地区小作文：柱状图2011-2014年三年下雪量变化，在冬季月份的snow depth on saverage in Canada大作文：In many parts of the world children and teenagers are committing more crimes. Why is this case happening？ How should children or teenagers be punished？难度：中等难度，犯罪类是比较难的话题，不过这个题目是犯罪话题中比较简单的。
题目大意：全球青少年犯罪增加。
原因？应该怎样惩罚？思路：childrenand teenagers + crimes：青年犯罪是抽象概念，要找具体的原因，就要对其予以具体化，到底是怎样的犯罪行为；涉及青年的犯罪一般可以分为2种，1）暴力犯罪（打架斗殴）；2）经济犯罪（偷，抢）；有了具体的犯罪行为，才可以倒推出各自不同的成因；暴力犯罪：可以归咎于媒体的影响；经济犯罪：归咎于贫穷，生计所迫；bepunished：同理，惩罚也是一个抽象概念，只有在罪行具体化之后，才能有相应的措施针对少年暴力犯罪和经济犯罪，各自提出不同的措施亚太区小作文：三张柱状图大作文：In some cities，there are few controls over the design and construction of new homes and office buildings. Doyou think the advantages of this approach outweigh the disadvantages？（重复大陆2018年12月15日考题）题目大意：部分城市对于新房和办公建筑的设计和建造几乎没有管控，因而人们可以按个人意愿随意修建。
2019年9月12日雅思写作考试真题及答案
2019年9月12日雅思写作考试真题及答案最新一期的雅思考试圆满结束，那么考试的真题和答案是怎样的呢？来跟着看一看2019年9月12日雅思写作考试真题及答案。
Task 1类别Pie Chart写作题目The three pie charts below show the changes of four kinds of vehicles crossing the bridge in three different years.Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features，and make comparisons where relevant.题目翻译下图显示了3年四种车过桥比例的变化。
通过挑选和汇报主要特征总结信息，并且相关之处进行对比。
写作题目（暂无图表具体数据）写作指导动态饼图写作要点：1. 动态，描述三年中四种车辆的变化趋势，同时也要注意对数据作对比2. 时态：一般过去时。
3. 主体段可以按照年份分段去写，也可以按照车辆类别去分段。
4. 注意比例的表达。
重点表达：1. unt for /take up/ represent XXX% of ...2. The proportion/percentage of.... is XXX%.3. XXX% of.... are ......4. There was a adj. + trend （n.） + in + 变化的内容5. The number of XXX + increase + rapidly +数据+ from （第一时间） to （第二时间）6. 变化内容+ saw/experienced/ enjoyed/ witnessed/ revealed + a + adj（幅度） + trend （n.） +数据+ 时间7. 地点/ 年份+ saw/experienced/ enjoyed/ witnessed/ revealed + a + adj（幅度）+ trend （n.） + in 变化内容写作评价难度中等。
2019-雅思G类写作部分大作文真题集锦-优秀word范文 (1页)
2019-雅思G类写作部分大作文真题集锦-优秀word范文本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==雅思G类写作部分大作文真题集锦下面雅思为大家整理了真题集锦，供考生们参考，以下是详细内容。
G 类： In many countries ， people dont wear their national costume . Many people think it will forget their history andtradition . So ， people should be encouraged to wear national costume every day . You agree or disagree .G 类： Do you think people do different jobs they should have different time holiday are you agree or disagree ， give your reason an explain .G 类： Parent should limit children time of watching TV and playing computer game ， others Insister children spend readingbooks ， agree or disagree ？G 类： People doing different kinds of work enjoy different amount of holiday time . Should people have the same amount ofleisure time ？ Give your opinion using some of your own experience .G 类： Some people think that childrens lives will be different from their own . What is your opinion ？ Explain the reasons by your experience and examples .G 类： The culture of different countries are becoming similarso there is no point for people to go traveling abroad for they could have same experience at home agree or disagree .G 类： Today some person has to work away from his family ，what is the advantages and disadvantages ？ Give your opinion and some explanations of your experience .G 类： You and your family are living in a rented accommodationin an English - speaking country ， You are not satisfied because there are something wrong with the furniture . So write a letter to the landlord and ask how to resole the problem .。
2019年11月16日雅思大作文解析
2019年11月16日雅思大作文解析+范文！2019.11.16大陆雅思大作文原题A family has a great influence on children's development, but the outside of home plays a bigger part in children's life. Do you agree or disagree?今天的题目其实一直是在意料之中。
之前听我讲11月头预测的同学就会知道，在10月下旬亚太区考察了教育类别之后，AB卷原则，大陆教育类我是一直提醒的。
但是7号过后，我就把这一类别放到了公开预测的次重点当中，精讲课上家庭教育功能是给每位学员都仔细分析的，今天果然如期而至！这是16年的老题。
再次提醒各位复习的时候12-18年的题库机经要看，雅思总是老题频繁出现的。
题目不难，中立说家庭和外部都有影响，或者顺着题目写倾向说家庭有影响，但外部影响更大都是可以接受的结构！思路浅析：首先，家庭造成的影响不可小觑。
毕竟父母是孩子生命当中的第一个老师，每天陪伴孩子们最长时间。
枚举论述：他们直接教会孩子们基本的生存技能，如语言，做饭，收拾屋子，卫生习惯，以及基本的学术能力，如数学计算，阅读，思考和判断。
然而，其他因素同样有影响力。
在孩子们的学术教育上，学校的老师影响是第一位的。
他们是学生教育的领路人，教会他们各个学科的基础知识，学习方式，以及培养他们对于某些学科的热爱。
同时在行为方面，学校教育和来自老师的指导相比父母的更加专业。
毕竟学校是只能给学生传递社会普遍接受规则的。
媒体同样对孩子们的影响很大。
电视和电影镜头中的暴力内容会扭曲孩子们的价值观，让他们变得富有侵略性，产生对于暴力的崇拜，并且错误地认为采用暴力手段解决问题是合适的。
互联网时代这个概念在这里也可以引入讨论。
范文参考：The development of children depends on many factors, including parents, school education, media, peers and so forth. Personally, I agree that the family is less influential than other aspects working together, and my reasons would be explored as below.Admittedly, the influence of family on children is very deep, because parents, primary teachers in the life of children, set the first role models for them to learn and imitate, and which would be logged into the impressionable childhood mind and determine basic behaviors and thinking of them. For example, by observing and learning the daily activities of parents, like speaking, cooking and house cleaning, washing hands before eating, a child can master the language, self-care ability and hygienic habits. Besides, parents also play a key role in developing the intelligence of children. For instance, with day-to-day teaching, communication and storytelling, a parent can help a child to improve cognitive skills like basic mathematic calculation, memorizing, reading, and thinking and judging in a proper way.However, I strongly believe outside-of-home elements make greater contributions to the overall growth of children. Firstly, in terms of academic education, teachers in school have priority over parents. For example, compared with some parent who have low-level or even no education, teachers are professionally educated and trained in formal university, and well-experienced in teaching. That is to say, school teachers are more advantageous and influential, in terms of comprehensively and accurately instructing, explaining and demonstrating common knowledge about laws of nature and universe, theories and formulas of math and physics, and events and people in history. What is more, forming social skills also relies on a school environment where children have opportunities to communicate, play and argue with other peers. This strong interpersonal interaction can make children proficient inreal-world socialization.Besides, mass media is another external factor affecting children’s development. For example, violent video on the Internet, TV programs and computer games are very likely to twist social values of the young audience, because children, unlike adults, are lack of abilities to distinguish right from wrong. Therefore, with long-term exposure to ill information, children would be rude, aggressive and self-eccentric. As a result, they, more often than not, consider violence as the main or even only way to solve problems, thereby leading to school bullying.In conclusion, when it comes to the importance in influencing children, other aspects like teachers in school and media override the parents, for the reasons that the formers have incomparable effects on the education, social skills and personalities of children.相似考察题目范文参考学习：Some people think that family is the most powerful influence on child's development. Other people, however, believe that other influences (such as television, friends and music etc.) influence more. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 注意我标红的题眼As for the topic that which, between the family and the outsider, exerts more influence on the development of children, I tend to believe that the family overrides other factors.There is substantial evidence to reckon that early experiences shape a person’s fundamental characters such as the attitudes towards the world and life, personality and behavior pattern which tend to be stable and have life-long influence. At home, a child learns to love or to hate, how to express emotions, and so forth through the interaction with parents and siblings even though some may change their habits or interests in later life. Further, the family bond among parents and children is inclined to be tight，thereby outweighing other people’s influences. Certainly there are other factors in child development. When children grow up and step out beyond their home, they are exposed to a widercommunity and more influences. Peers pressure outstands in adolescence when teenagers start to value societal recognition; teachers as educators affect their intellectual and social development at school; diverse modern media constitute youngsters’ leisure and social activities and information sources. However, these factors cannot have the power to dominate the core of a child’s world. Being confronted with challenge, optimistic children tend to react positively whereas pessimistic ones are liable to escape. It is at early age that optimism or pessimism is cultivated in a child.In general, I believe that how a child is brought up determines where his/her future development leads to and therefore has root dominance in one’s life, although I do not deny that the outside world also imposes certain degree of effect on children.。
2019年7月20日雅思写作考试真题及答案
2019年7月20日雅思写作考试真题及答案最近的雅思考试难度越来越大，真题是大家主要参考的内容，那么7月20号的考试是怎样的呢？今天就跟着一起来看看2019年7月20日雅思写作考试真题及答案。
Task1柱图：动态数据图注意点：1.注意描述各项比例的趋势 2.注意时态是过去时 3.动词、名词的代入不重复，句型多样相关表达：1. The percentage of A in … is higher than …2. A is s as much/many as B. A是B的...倍3. The proportion of A increased/decreased by/to + 数据.4. There was a（n） increase/decrease in the percentage ofA + 数据.5. 时间段 + witnessed/saw a（n） increase/decrease in the proportion of A + 数据.Task2：社会生活类话题题目翻译：很多人试图去平衡自己的工作和生活，但是几乎没有人能做到。
你觉得这会带来什么问题，如何克服它？这个题目是一个常规report，注意回答的是带来的问题和解决方法。
分析好题目之后，安排结构。
第一段引言：阐述题目背景话题，引出下文。
第二段：争取工作和生活平衡的后果，或在这个过程中遇到的挑战第三段：相应的解决方法。
第四段：总结前文。
Introduction：In the modern world， people find it difficult to balance their work and other parts of life. Many problems arise in trying to achieve this goal.Body1：Ts：找到工作和生活的平衡不是一件易事，会带来一些问题。
Ss： The first barrier 越来越大的生活压力（pressure ofsurvival）. 现在的物价（cost of living）很高，包括房价，教育和医疗的费用. 所以很多人拼命工作挣钱（work harder and earn more），导致忽略了自己的健康（ignore their health），忽视了家人（little time for family members）. The other concern 影响职业的发展（prospects of career），一些人在平衡工作和生活的过程中，可能会减少加班（extra work）或加班时间，从而影响工作.Body2：Ts：尽管如此（In spite of this），个人，企业还是能够找到合适的方法解决问题。
2019.10.10雅思考题整理(考生回忆版)
2019.10.19雅思考题回忆整理答案仅供参考ListeningSECTION1：旅行咨询（该题被官方改编为两套考题，场景类似）*版本一Questions1-6Complete the form below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer1.moderate2.museum3.mountains4.pool5.flowers6.historyQuestions7-10Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer Things to do-after paying the fee for the trail,you will get a7.map-for a picnic,you can take the bus NO.8.279directly there-you will get off at ke stop-the last bus to return leaves at10.5.30on weekdays*版本二1.Difficulty:moderate2.park with a good view3.pool under the waterfall（两空交替出题）4.museum in the central town5.can see lots of flowers6.cafe and seafood（两空交替）7.you can take the No.279bus directly there.8.today is weekday so the last bust time is5.30pm9.you will get off the bus at the bridge stop10.you will get a map after buying the family ticketSECTION2：参观美术馆11.When was this art gallery open to the publicC.year188812.The former owner of the art gallery wanted it to beC the oil painting13.The biggest capital from donation funded byA local government14.What will be open to public?B Sculpture garden15.Visits’attentionB Tickets should use in a certain time16-20map16multimedia room---E（进门后左手边走廊的中间）17tea house---A18the web room---B19cafe---C（入口正对面）20shop---DSection3学生和老师讨论家具公司21-26单选21.what the company doesC.specialized in XXX products22.How did company W get involved in this department?B.news of article about academic business23.what is the methodology of research?A.check the account24.why did students choose the face-to-face interviewC.less disturbance25.how do they think the software?A.hard to predict26.what is the supervisor's view on the results of their questionnaire?B.it was above average27-30多选27-28.what influence does the new software bring to the company?C.extra staffE.cut labor cost29-30.how do the customers react to the new software?C.more involvement in the designD.save timeSection4城市市政交通规划31-40填空31.buildings affect pedestrian access instead of traffic most32.take into account of the storage/parking33.set up enough warning signs34.signpost in the dark area must be obvious35.some cameras were applied in the past,now boxes for security are installed36.city planning aims to improve the traffic circulation37.remove the graffiti and stickers38.bins shoule be well arranged39.all furniture in the street must be durable40.introduction of regulation and legal requirementReadingPassage1:Thomas young托马斯·杨参考原文及答案：A Thomas Young(1773-1829)contributed63articles to the Encyclopedia Britannica,including46 biographical entries(mostly on scientists and classicists)and substantial essays on “Bridge,”“Chromatics,”“Egypt,”“Languages”and“Tides”.Was someone who could write authoritatively about so many subjects a polymath,a genius or a dilettante?In an ambitious new biography,Andrew Robinson argues that Young is a good contender for the epitaph“the last man who knew everything.”Young has competition,however,the phrase,which Robinson takes for his title.also serves as the subtitle of two other recent biographies:Leonard Warren’s 1998life of paleontologist Joseph Leidy(1823-1891)and Paula Findlen's2004book on Athanasius Kircher(1602-1680),another polymath.B Young,of course,did more than write encyclopedia entries.He presented his first paper to the Royal Society of London at the age of20and was elected a Fellow a week after his21st birthday. In the paper,Young explained the process of accommodation in the human eye-on how the eye focuses properly on objects at varying distances.Young hypothesized that this was achieved by deformation of the crystalline lens.Young also theorized that light traveled in waves and he believed that,to account for the ability to see in color,there must be three receptors in the eye corresponding to the three“principal colors”to which the retina could respond:red,green,violet. All these hypothesis were subsequently proved to be correct.C Later in his life,when he was in his forties,Young was instrumental in cracking the code that unlocked the unknown script on the Rosetta Stone,a tablet that was“found”in Egypt by the Napoleonic army in1799.The stone contains text in three alphabets:Greek,something unrecognizable and Egyptian hieroglyphs.The unrecognizable script is now known as demotic and,as Young deduced,is related directly to hieroglyphic.His initial work on this appeared in his Britannica entry on Egypt.In another entry,he coined the term Indo-European to describe the family of languages spoken throughout most of Europe and northern India.These are the landmark achievements of a man who was a child prodigy and who,unlike many remarkable children,did not disappear into oblivion as an adult.D Born in1773in Somerset in England.Young lived from an early age with his maternal grandfather,eventually leaving to attend boarding school.He had devoured books from the age of two,and through his own initiative he excelled at Latin,Greek,mathematics and natural philosophy.After leaving school,he was greatly encouraged by his mother’s uncle,Richard Brocklesby,a physician and Fellow of the Royal Society.Following Brocklesby’s lead,Young decided to pursue a career in medicine.He studied in London,following the medical circuit,and then moved on to more formal education in Edinburgh,Gottingen and Cambridge.After completing his medical training at the University of Cambridge in1808,Young set up practice as aphysician in London.He soon became a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians and a few years later was appointed physician at St.George’s Hospital.E Young’s skill as a physician,however,did not equal his skill as a scholar of natural philosophy or linguistics.Earlier,in1801,he had been appointed to a professorship of natural philosophy at the Royal Institution,where he delivered as many as60lectures in a year.These were published in two volumes in1807.In1804Young had become secretary to the Royal Society,a post he would hold until his death.His opinions were sought on civic and national matters,such as the introduction of gas lighting to London and methods of ship construction.From1819he was superintendent of the Nautical Almanac and secretary to the Board of Longitude.From1824to 1829he was physician to and inspector of calculations for the Palladian Insurance Company. Between1816and1825he contributed his many and various entries to the Encyclopedia Britannica,and throughout his career he authored numerous books,essays and papers.F Young is a perfect subject for a biography-perfect,but daunting.Robinson’s aim is to introduce non-scientists to Young’s work and life.He succeeds,providing clear expositions of the technical material(especially that on optics and Egyptian hieroglyphs)and peppering bland narratives of professional disputes with,for instance,asides about visiting Erasmus Darwin or having dinner with Lord Elgin.The story Robinson tells relies on a model of science in which there were clear winners and losers.This might have been tempered by a more reflexive analysis about Young’s sense of his own ambitions and achievements.Some readers of this book will,like Robinson,find Young's accomplishments impressive,others will see him as some historians have-as a dilettante. Yet despite the rich material presented in this book,readers will not end up knowing Young personally.We catch glimpses of a playful Young,doodling Greek and Latin phrases in his notes on medical lectures and translating the verses that a young lady had written on the walls of a summerhouse into Greek elegiacs.Young was introduced into elite society,attended the theatre and learned to dance and play the flute.In addition,he was an accomplished horseman.However, his personal life looks pale next to his vibrant career and studies.G Young married Eliza Maxwell in1804,and according to Robinson,“their marriage was a happy one and she appreciated his work.”Almost all we know about her is that she sustained her husband through some rancorous disputes about optics and that she worried about money when his medical career was slow to take off.Very little evidence survives about the complexities of Young’s relationships with his mother and father.Robinson does not credit them,or anyone else, with shaping Young’s extraordinary mind.Despite the lack of details concerning Young’s relationships,however,anyone interested in what it means to be a genius should read this book.1-5：TRUE、FALSE、FALSE、NOT GIVEN、TRUE6-10：TRUE、NOT GIVEN、46、human eye、Indo-European11-13：Richard、Royal Institution、gas lightingPassage2:儿童食品广告参考原文及答案：A Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising,and the great majority of this promotes the so-called“Big Four”of pre-sugared breakfast cereals,soft-drinks,confectionary and savoury snacks snacks.In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidly increased.There is some evidence that the dominance of television has recently begun to wane.The importance of strong,global branding reinforces a need for multi-faceted communications combing television with merchandising,“tie-ins”and point of sate activity.The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors,and themes of fun and fantasy or taste,rather than health and nutrition,are used to promote it to children.Meanwhile,the recommended diet gets little promotional support.B There is plenty of evidence that children notice and enjoy food promotion. However,establishing this actually influences them is a complex problem.The review tackled it by looking at studies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food,their food preferences,their actual food behaviour(both buying and eating),an health outcomes(eg. obesity or cholesterol levels)In terms of nutritional knowledge,food advertising seems to have little influence on children’s general perceptions of what constitutes a healthy diet,but,in certain contexts,it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge.For example,seeing soft drink and cereal adverts reduced primary aged children’s ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.C The review also found evidence that food promotion influences children’s food preferences and their purchase behavior.A study of primary school children,for instance,found that exposure to advertising influenced which foods they claimed to like;and another showed that labelling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils.A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat.One,for example,showed that advertising influenced a primary class‘s choice of daily snack playtime.D The next step,of trying to establish whether or not a link exists between food promotion and diet or obesity,is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings.A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television as proxy for exposure to television advertising-they have established a clear link between television viewing and diet obesity,and cholesterol levels.It impossible to say,however,whether this effect is caused by the advertising,the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing.One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children’s viewing habits.This showed that the more food adverts they saw,the more snacks and calories they consumed.E Thus the literature does suggest food promotion is influencing children’s diet a number of ways.This does not amount to proof,as noted above with this kind of research,incontrovertible proof simply isn’t attainable.Nor do all studies to this conclusion;several have not found an effect. In addition,very few studies have attempted to measure ho strong these effects are relative to other factors influencing children’s food choices.Nonetheless,many studies have found dear effects and they have used sophisticated methodologies that make it possible to determine that i) these effects are not just due to chance;ii)they are independent of other factors that mayinfluence diet,such as parents’eating habits or attitudes;and iii)they occur at a brand and category level.F furthermore,two factors suggest that these findings actually downplay the effect that food promotion has on children.First,the literature focuses principally on television advertising;the cumulative effect of this combined with other forms of promotion and marketing is likely to be significantly greater.Second,the studies have looked at direct effects on individual children,and understate indirect influences.For example,promotion for fast food outlets may not only influence the child,but also encourage parents to take them for meals and reinforce the idea that this is a normal and desirable behaviour.G This does not amount to proof of an effect,but in our view does provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an effect exists.The debate should now shift to what action is needed,and specifically to how the power of commercial marketing can be used to bring about improvements in young people’s eating.1-7：viii、ii、vi、v、i、x、iii8-13：NO、NO、YES、NOT GIVEN、YES、NOT GIVENPassage3:做决定A widely recognised legend tells us that in Gordium(in what is now Turkey)in the fourth century BC an oxcart was roped to a pole with a complex knot.It was said that the first person to untie it would become the king of Asia.Unfortunately,the knot proved impossible to untie.The story continues that when confronted with this problem,rather than deliberating on how to untie the Gordian knot.Alexander,the famous ruler of the Greeks in the ancient world,simply took out his sword and cut it in two-then went on to conquer Asia.Ever since,the notion of a‘Gordian solution’has referred to the attractiveness of a simple answer to an otherwise intractable problem.Among researchers in the psychology of decision making,however,such solutions have traditionally held little appeal.In particular,the‘conflict model’of decision making proposed by psychologists Irving Janis and Leon Mann in their1977book,Decision Making,argued that a complex decision making process is essential for guarding individuals and groups from the peril of ‘group-think’.Decisions made without thorough canvassing,surveying,weighing,examining and reexamining relevant information and options would be suboptimal and often disastrous. One foreign affairs decision made by a well-known US political leader in the1960s is typically held us as an example of the perils of inadequate thought,whereas his successful handling of a later crisis is cited as an example of the advantages of careful deliberation.However,examination of these historical events by Peter Suedfield,a psychologist at the University of British Columbia, and Roderick Kramer,a psychologist at the Stanford Graduate School of Business,found little difference in the two decision-making processes;both crises required and received complex consideration by the political administration,but later only the second one was deemed to be the effective.In general,however,organizational and political science offer little evidence that complex decisions fare better than simpler ones.In fact,a growing body of work suggests that in many situations simple‘snap’decisions will be routinely superior to more complex ones-an idea that gained widespread public appeal with Malcolm Gladwell’s best-selling book Blink(2005).An article by Ap Dijksterhuis of the University of Amsterdam and his colleagues,‘On Making the Right Choice:the Deliberation-without-attention Effect’,runs very much in the spirit of Gladwell’s influential text.Its core argument is that to be effective,conscious(deliberative)decision making requires cognitive resources.Because increasingly complex decisions place increasing strain on those resources,the quality of our decisions declines as their complexity increases.In short,complex decisions overrun our cognitive powers.On the other hand,unconscious decision making(what the author refer to as‘deliberation without attention’)requires no cognitive resources,so task complexity does not degrade effectiveness.The seemingly counterintuitive conclusion is that although conscious thought enhances simple decisions,the opposite holds true for more complex decisions.Dijksterhuis reports four simple but elegant studies supporting this argument.In one,participants assessed the quality of four hypothetical cars by considering either four attributes(a simple task) or12attributes(a complex task).Among participants who considered four attributes,those who were allowed to engage in undistracted deliberative thought did better at discriminating between the best and worst cars.Those who were distracted and thus unable to deliberate had to rely on their unconscious thinking and did less well.The opposite pattern emerged when people considered12criteria.In this case,conscious deliberation led to inferior discrimination and poor decisions.In other study,Dijksterhuis surveyed people shopping for clothes(‘simple’products)and furniture(‘complex’products).Compared with those who said they had deliberated long and hard,shoppers who bought with little conscious deliberation felt less happy with their simple clothing purchase but happier with the complex furniture purchases.Deliberation without attention actually produced better results as the decisions became more complex.From there,however,the researchers take a big leap.They write:There is no reason to assume that the deliberation-without-attention effect does not generalize to other types of choices-political,managerial or otherwise.In such cases,it should benefit the individual to think consciously about simple matters and to delegate thinking about more complicated matters to the unconscious.This radical inference contradicts standard political and managerial theory but doubtless comforts those in politics and management who always find the simple solution to the complex problem an attractive proposition.Indeed,one suspects many of our political leaders already embrace this wisdom.Still it is there,in the realms of society and its governance,that the more problematic implications of deliberation without attention begin to surface.Variables that can be neatlycircumscribed in decisions about shopping lose clarity in a world of group dynamics,social interaction,history and politics.Two pertinent questions arise.First,what counts as a complex decision?And second,what counts as a good outcome?As social psychologist Kurt Lewin(1890-1947)noted,a‘good’decision that nobody respects is actually bad.His classic studies of decision making showed that participating in deliberative processes makes people more likely to abide by the results.The issue here is that when political decision makers make mistakes,it is their politics,or the relation between their politics and our own,rather than psychology which is at fault.Gladwell’s book and Dijksterhuis’s paper are invaluable in pointing out the limitations of the conventional wisdom that decision quality rises with decision-making complexity.But this work still tempts us to believe that decision making is simply a matter of psychology,rather than also a question of politics,ideology and group membership.Avoiding social considerations in a search for general appeal can take us away from enlightenment rather than toward it.27-31：B、B、C、B、D32-35：A、D、G、B36-40：NO、NOT GIVEN、NOT GIVEN、YES、NOT GIVENWriting：小作文：地图题表现一个乡村的变化大作文：同意与否The best way to reduce crime committed by young adults is to teach parents parenting skills.To what extent do you agree or disagree?。
2019雅思写作考试真题(1)
2019年12月17日雅思大作文真题及范文Task：Some people think getting old is entirely bad, but other people do think it’s much better for old people tolive now than in the past. Please show your idea with explanation, examples and your knowledge.Sample answer：It has become a common phenomenon for people in a number of countries to enjoy an increasing life expectancy. While some people believe it is horrible just to imagine gettingold , I think the situation has completely changed comparingto decades ago and now elderly people can lead a happy life.In some cases, the seniors do experience empty nest syndrome because their children are away from home. However, things are different nowadays. There are numerous residential homes with trained carers in a country and they have become a perfect place for the elderly to stay after retirement, where the elderly will not feel lonely and bored with the companyof their peers.Another concern for numerous senior citizens is thehealth problem. In the past, without advanced medical science, the seniors tend to suffer from various kinds of diseases, which decrease their quality of life at great extent. By contrast, the medical science is developing at an amazing speed and this trend can at least delay the onset of some chronic conditions and with healthy body, the elderly canenjoy happier lives.Apart from the two factors discussed above, instead of feeling useless or frustrated, elderly people can work beyond the retirement age or devote themselves to somewhere else to enrich their life. For example, a friend of my grandfather work as a part time doctor in his local community. In this way, not only does he make best use of his time, but also help a number of neighbours.To sum up, I hold the viewpoint that with the development of society and care from family members, elderly people can enjoy a moreisfying and meanfuling life.。
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2019年12月17日雅思大作文真题及范文
Task：Some people think getting old is entirely bad, but other people do think it’s much better for old people to
live now than in the past. Please show your idea with explanation, examples and your knowledge.
Sample answer：
It has become a common phenomenon for people in a number of countries to enjoy an increasing life expectancy. While some people believe it is horrible just to imagine getting
old , I think the situation has completely changed comparing
to decades ago and now elderly people can lead a happy life.
In some cases, the seniors do experience empty nest syndrome because their children are away from home. However, things are different nowadays. There are numerous residential homes with trained carers in a country and they have become a perfect place for the elderly to stay after retirement, where the elderly will not feel lonely and bored with the company
of their peers.
Another concern for numerous senior citizens is the
health problem. In the past, without advanced medical science, the seniors tend to suffer from various kinds of diseases, which decrease their quality of life at great extent. By contrast, the medical science is developing at an amazing speed and this trend can at least delay the onset of some chronic conditions and with healthy body, the elderly can
enjoy happier lives.
Apart from the two factors discussed above, instead of feeling useless or frustrated, elderly people can work beyond the retirement age or devote themselves to somewhere else to enrich their life. For example, a friend of my grandfather work as a part time doctor in his local community. In this way, not only does he make best use of his time, but also help a number of neighbours.
To sum up, I hold the viewpoint that with the development of society and care from family members, elderly people can enjoy a moreisfying and meanfuling life.。