考研英语模拟试题及答案 (1)
模拟试题[1]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS] [NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)1.Mr.Jones, I am really pleased _____ you. And I hope we will be able to see each otherin not long time.A) to meetB) to have metC) at meetingD) having met2.The two astronauts _____ someday hope it is to fly the craft into earth orbit werefighttesting.A) thatB) whomC) whoseD) who3.The meeting _____ in October, but the plan has been put off again and again.A) was to have been heldB) ought to have heldC) was to be heldD) must have been held4.It's true that the old road is less direct and a bit bumpy. We won't take the new one_____ because we feel as safe on it.A) howeverB) thoughC) neverthelessD) whatsoever5.Every device _____ in the spacecraft must be designed and made with great care so as tobe sure that nothing goes wrong in operation.A) to be fittedB) fittedC) fittingD) to have been fitted6.There are many kinds of synthetic materials, _____ plastics are the most common.A) between whichB) of whichC) in whichD) among which7.I don't believe you are going to have the matter looked into today, _____?A) are youB) do youC) aren't youD) don't you8._____ that a society like the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to childrenis still needed in a civilized country.A) How does it comeB) How it comesC) How did it come aboutD) How did it come9.When we encounter more difficulties, we should be more spirited, and we should be morecourageous _____.A) the more danger we are inB) the more in danger we areC) we are in more dangerD) we are in danger more10.While the total number of farmers engaged in the agriculture production is barely half_____ it used to be in 1959, the size of the average farm has tripled.A) thatB) whatC) whichD) howSection BDirections: Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D)Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)11.I often wonder(A) what(B) my life would be like if I didn't go(C) to the beach thatafternoon when I was 14(D).12.After teaching(A) in Renmin University's MBA center for five years, I come(B) to realizethat even if(C) political and economic barriers are overcome(D) a major hurdle remains - culture!.13.Since the United States and Canada academic exchanges(A) in 1979, colleges sanduniversities in America have responded with(B) great enthusiasm, as(C) has(D) theircounterparts from the PRC.14.Many young consumers do not have(A) steady incomes, so(B) they might have difficulty toborrow(C) money from an agency in business to make loans(D).15.I cannot come to your dinner party tonight. I was(A) really glad to(B), but I have(C)a precious engagement(D).16.Panic increased the(A) number of casualties as people jumped into the frozen(B) wateror fought to be(C) among the few to board(D) the lifeboats.17.He often advised Tom not to(A) smoke more cigarettes than is(B) good for(C) his health,but all his efforts ended in vain(D).18.Change purse, cosmetics, and whatever(A) a woman thinks has(B) to carry, I hide in(C)several paper bags in a see-through(D) shopping bag.19.There is always resistance to the idea that(A) it is because the birth rate fell earlierin western and nothwestern Europe than elsewhere(B), rather than because(C) if any change in the death rate, which(D) a nation has grown so old.20.I'll be much obliged(A) if you will be(B) so kind enough(C) as to make suggestions asto(D) how we may improve our work.Section CDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D)Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)21.To acquire education is principal way of gaining status in a culture that generallystresses achievement, skillfulness, and upward _____.A)mobilityB)motivationC)ambitionD)promotion22.In order to convince the director to agree on their plan, they _____ a number of reportswhich supported their argument.A)brought outB)brought forthC)call forthD)put forward23.These young people have much to be dissastisfied with, and they sometimes do _____, buton the whole they study hard, knowing the problems the states is facing.A)grumbleB)frustrateC)frownD)perplex24.Members of the party all appreciate Jackson's wanting to help them _____ theirdifficulties.A)come overB)tide overC)take overD)smooth over25.I have offered a prediction that the reforms run a very high risk of being _____ by ageneral collapse of confidence in the ruble.A)set backB)let downC)hold backD)run down26.This apartment could _____ a family of ten in a minimal space by using sofas，anddual-purpose furniture，all built－in.A)resideB)possessC)embraceD)accommodate27.All experts agree that the most important consideration with diet drugs is carefully _____the risks and benefits.A)weighingB)valuingC)evaluatingD)distinguisting28.If English is not our first language you can often be puzzled by ways of expression thatthe native speakers of English does not even have to _____ .A)think outB)think aboutC)think overD)think for29.The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very differentcountries across Antarctica；we proved in the end that we weren't very different _____ .A)for allB)as usualC)after allD)in particular30.No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country. _____is this more true than in Europe.A)HardlyB)LittleC)SeldomD)Nowhere31.That summer I drove west with a friend，and we _____ a little money doing odd jobs andas much as possible visited his relatives.A)picked upB)stepped upC)put asideD)set aside32.The body apparently resents being dosed with unusual amounts of a vitamin or mineral andits first _____ is to excrete them.A)reactionB)impulseC)responseD)instinct33.It is true that there are still abundant reserves of metals which have not yet been _____ ，but it is necessary to take steps to ensure that alternative materiasls are substituted whenever possible.A)utilizedB)mobilizedC)acquiredD)cultivated34.Researchers _____ that genes may determine the strength of the immune system，which couldhelp explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.A)speculateB)estimateC)evaluateD)anticipate35.She had on the dress that I used to admire more than anything else in her possession alight blue one _____ prettily with lace.A)ornamentedB)trimmedC)furnishedD)decorated36.In a sense，tennis and Taijiquan are similar in that they both require your full attention，and if done _____ ，take your mind off daily problems and preoccupations.A)successfullyB)consecutivelyC)conscientiouslyD)compulsorily37.Such apartments as she saw were either disgustingly dirty or _____ dear,or both.A)exceedinglyB)substantiallyC)unaccountablyD)excessively38.Deprived of the financial means to remain independent，Thomas Edison was compelled to_____ employment as a night telephone operator.A)obtainB)chaseC)exploreD)seek39.Under her administration，claim the critics， _____ high－rise construction has destroyedthe character of the city's downtown，darkening its streets and driving business.A)rapidB)rampantC)speedyD)random40.When the tank can carrying poisonous gas ran off the rails，the firemen tried to _____the village from all traffic.A)dismissB)insulateC)isolateD)expelPart Ⅱ Cloze TestDirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D) Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Throughout history, gold has been a precious material, eagerly sought and cherished. It was probably the first metal to be 41 because it is beautiful and imperishable, and because beautiful objects can be made from it even with 42 tools. However, the amount of gold known to ancient peoples probably 43 not much more than the amount produced each year by the world's largest gold mine in South Africa.The intrinsic value of gold has always been known, even before gold was used in coinage. It44 the only universally recognized standard of value in international monetary 45 .Most of the world's 46 gold is absorbed by governments and central banks to provide backing for paper 47 ,but the amount of gold used in the arts and in industry is 48 .In 49 to its use for jewelry,decorative finishes,and dentistry, its special properties have 50 many applications in modern science and technology.41.A)mined B)discovered C)purchased D)manufactured42.A)delicate B)primitive C)sophisticated D)ingenious43.A)added B)summed C)amounted D)totalled44.A)remains B)is remained C)remains as D)remains of45.A)exchange B)exhibition C)expedition D)excursion46.A)reformed B)refined C)resolved D)reclaimed47.A)production B)currency C)replacement D)distribution48.A)stabilizing B)decreasing C)increasing D)recovering49.A)comparison B)compensation C)standardization D)addition50.A)drawn from B)derived from C)led to D)resorted to Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionDirections: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D)Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.（40 points）Passage 1The full influence of mechanization began shortly after 1850, when a variety of machines came rapidly into use. The introduction of these machines frequently created rebellions by workers who were fearful that the machines would rob them of their work. Patrick Bell, in Scotland, and Cyrus McCormick, in United States, produced threshing machines. Ingrnious improvements were made in plows to compensate for different soil types. Stream power came into use in 1860s on large farms. Hay rakes, hay-loaders, and various special harvesting mechines were produced. Milking machines appeared. The internal-combustion engine run by gasline became the chief power source for the farm.In time, the number of certain farm machines that came into use skyrocketed and changed the nuture of farming. Between 1940 and 1960, for example, 12 million horses and mules gave way to 5 million tractors. Tractors offer many features that are attractive to farmers. There are, for example, numerous attachments: cultivators that can penetrate the soil to varying depths, rotary hoes that chop needs; spray devices that can spray pesticides in bands 100 feet across, and many others.A piece of equipment has now been invented or adapted for virtually every laborious hand or animal operation on the farm. In the United States, for example, cotton, tobacco, hay, and grain are planted, treated for pests and diseases, fertilized, cultivated and harvested by machine. Large devices shake fruit and nut from trees, grain and blend feed, and dry grain and hay. Equipment is now available to put just the right amount of fertilizer in just the right place, to spray an exact row width, and to count out, space, and plant just the right number of seeds for a row. Mechanization is not used in agriculture in many parts of Latin America, Africa. Agricultureinnovation is accepted fastest where agriculture is already profitable and progressive. Some mechanization has reached the level of plantation agriculture ub parts of the tropics, but even today much of that land us laboriously worked by people leading draft animals pulling primitive plows.The problems of mechanization some areas are not only cultural in nature. For examples, tropical soils and crops differ markedly from those in temperate areas that the machines are designed for, so adaptations have to be made. But the greatest obstacle to machanization is the fear in underdeveloped countried that the workers who are displaced by machines would not find work elsewhere. Introducing mechanization into such areas requires careful planning.51.The first paragraph uses several examples to convey the ideas that _____ .A) the introduction of machines into agricultural work created rebellions on the partof the farmersB) the use of internal-combustion engine as a shief power source for the farm producedgreat influenceC) the mechanization of agricultural work after 1850 gradually robbed many farmers oftheir workD) ingenious improvements were made in farming machines in the 1860s to yield production52.In the first sentence of the second paragraph，the word“skyrocketed”most probably means_____ .A)became variousB)was updatedC)increased rapidlyD)remained the same53.In the tropical areas， _____ .A)mechanization is not yet used in agricultureB)agriculture is accepted fastestC)a lot of farm work is still done in the old wayD)mechanization is avoided to save primitive forest54.By saying that“the problems of mechanizing some areas are not only cultural in nature，the author means _____ .A)mechanization is not yet introduced in some areas for economic reasonsB)human and animal labour in some areas are less expensiveC)culture is not a factor in obstacling the introduction of mechanizationD)different kinds of mechanized farming tools are used in different culturesPassage 2Advertising is a form of selling. For thousands of years there have been individuals who have tried to persuade ohers to buy the food they have produced or the goods they have made or the services they can perform.But the mass production of goods resulting from the Industrial Revolution in the 19th centurymade person-to-person selling less effucuent than it previously was for most products. The mass distribution of goods that followed the development of rail and highway systems madeperson-to-person selling too slow and expensive for almost all companies. At the same time, however, a growth in mass communication occurred first in newspapers and magzines, than radio and television that made mass selling possible. Advertising, then, is merely selling or selemanship functioning in the paid space or time of various mass communication media.The objective of any advertisement is to convince people that it is in their best interests to take an action the advertiser is recommending. The action may be to purchase a product, go to a showroom to try the product, use a service, vote for political candidate, make a contribution, or even to join the army. Like any personal salesperson, the advertisement tries to persuade. The decision is the prospect's.While advertising brings the economies of mass selling to the manufacturer, it produces benefits for the consumer ass well. Some of those economies are passed along to the purchaser so that the cost of a product sold primarily through advertising is usually far less than one sold through personal salespeople advertising brings people immediate news about products that have just come on the market. Finally, advertising pays for the programs on commercial television and radio and for about two thirds of the cost publishing magzines and newspapers.55.Person to person sale failed to meet the need _____ .A)when the Industrial Revolution startedB)when goods began to be produced in great quantitiesC)because trains replaced men in carrying goods aroundD)as attention was shifted from distribution to production56.From the last sentence of the second paragraph we learn _____ .A) advertising is no different from person-to-person selling in substanceB) advertising extends sales promotion to a larger areaC) advertising has greatly improved the production of goodsD) it is very expansive to advertises a new product57.By saying that“the decision is the prospect's”，the author means _____ .A) advertisement often persuades people to buy what they don't really wantB) advertisement can never really influence people's ability to decideC) whether to buy an advertised product is up to the would-be customerD) the effect of an advertisement on the public is difficult to determine58.The last paragraph is mainly about _____ .A)the cost of advertising a productB)the effect of advertisement on people's livesC)the benefits advertisement bringsD)various media for advertising productsPassage 3Historians may well look back on the 1980s in the United States as a time of rising affluenceside by side with rising poverty. The growth in affluence is attributable to an increase in professional and technical jobs, along with more two career couples whose combined incomes provide a “comfortable living”.Yet simultaneously, the nation's poverty rate rose between 1973 and 1983 from 11.1 percent of the population to 15.2,or by well over a third. Although the poverty rate declined somewhat after 1983, it was still held at 13.5 percent in 1987, comprising a population of 32.5 million Americans.The definition of poverty is a matter of debate. In 1795, a group of English magistrates decided that a minimum income should be “the cost of a gallon loaf of bread, multiplied by three, plus an allowance for each dependent”.Today the Census Bureau defines the t hreshold of poverty in the United States as the minimum amount of money that families need to purchase a nutritionally adequate diet, assuming they use one third of their income for food. Using this definition, roughly half the American population was poor in the aftermath of the Great Depression of the 1930s. By 1950, the proportion of the poor had fallen to 30 percent and by 1964, to 20 percent. With the adoption of the Johnson administration's antipoverty programs, the poverty rate dropped to 12 percent in 1969.But since then, it has stopped falling. Liberals contend that the poverty line is too low because it fails to take into account changes in the standard of living. Conservatives say that it is too high because the poor receive other forms of public assistance, including food stamps, public housing subsidies, and health care.59.In which of the following years did the poor people constitute the largest proportionof the American population?A)1973B)1987C)1969D)198360.It can be inferred that poverty _____ .A)is defined very concretely in every periodB)is difficult to define in specific termsC)is defined in material termsD)is defined according to the standard of each decade61.Those who consider the poverty line high points out that _____ .A)the poor people enjoy other benefitsB)the society as a whole is not well offC)the poor people may conceal their real incomeD)the poor people need less money to support themselves62.In the eighties, the Americans as a whole _____ .A)became richerB)became poorerC)lived a poorer life than in the seventiesD)needed more jobs to support their familiesPassage 4The more women and minorities make their way into the ranks of management, the more they seem to want to talk about things formerly judged to be best left unsaid.The newcomers also tend to see office matters with a fresh eye, in the process sometimes coming up with critical analyses of the forces that shape everyone's expenience in the organization.Consider the novel views of Harvey Coleman of Atlanta on the subjest of getting ahead. Coleman is black. He spent 11 years with IBM, half of them working in management development, and now serves as a consultant to the likes of AT & T, Coca Cola, Prudential, and Merch. Coleman says that based on what he's seen at big companies, he weighs the different elements that make for long term career success as follows: performance counts a mere 10%; image,30%; and exposure, a full 60%. Coleman concludes that excellent job performance is so common these days that while doing your work well may win you pay increases,it won't secure you the big promotion.He finds that advancement more often depends on how many people know you and your work, and how high up they are.Ridiculous beliefs? Not to many people, especially many women and members of minority races who, like Colem an, feel that the scales have dropped from their eyes. “Women and blacks in organizations work under false beliefs,”says Kaleel Jamison, a New York based management consultant who helps corporations deal with these issues. “They think that if you work hard, you'll get ahead that son eone in authority will reach down and give you a promotion.” She added, “Most women and blacks are so fightened that peo ple will think they've gotten ahead because of their sex or color that they play down their visibility.” Her advice to those folks: learn the ways that white males have traditionally used to find their way into the spotlight.63.According to the passage，“things formerly judged to be best left unsaid”（Para.1）probably refers to“ _____ ”.A)the opinions which contradict the established beliefsB)criticisms that shape everyone's experienceC)the tendencies that help the newcomers to see office matters with a fresh eyeD)the ideas which usually come up with new ways of management in the organization64.To achieve success in your career，the most important factor，according to the passage，is to _____ .A)work as a consultant to your superiorsB)project a favorable image to the people around youC) let your superiors know how good you areD)perform well your tasks given by your superiors65.The reason why women and blacks play down their visibility is that they _____ .A)know that someone in authority will reach down and give them a promotionB)don't want people to think that their promotions were due to sex or colorC)don't want to give people the impression that they work under false beliefsD)believe they can get promoted by reason of their sex or color66.The best title for this passage would be _____ .A)The Importance of Being VisibleB)Role of Women and Minorities in ManagementC)Job Performance and AdvancementD)Sex and Career SuccessPassage 5I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Creek and Grass Creek. Others came too, and we made there little gray houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the sacred hoop of the nation, and so long as the hoop was unbroken, the people flourished.The flowering tree was the living center of the hoop, and the circle of the four quarters nourished it .The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and mighty wind gave strength and endurance. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our religion.Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our tepees were round like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation's hoop, a nest of many nests,where the Great Spirit meant for us to hatch our children.But the Wasichus have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. When we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to mature.67.From the passage, we can see that the Indians _____ .A)don't have modern facilities in their homesB)are content to live where they areC)are strongly dissatisfied with their present statusD)are demanding better housing conditions68.To the narrator, roundness stands for _____ .A)a future better lifeB)the past glorious lifeC)the past achievements of the IndiansD)nature around the Indians69.In the third sentence of paragraph 2,the “four quarters”refers to _____ .A)the four corners of the Indians' housesB)the four elements that are believed to make up everythingC)the four seasonsD)the four directions70.In the first sentence of paragraph 4, “Wasichus” probably refers to _____ .A)the Indian's enemiesB)the white menC)the Great SpiritD)the Power of the WorldPart IV English Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)There's a lot of information technology packed between the leather cheeks of your wallet cheque cards，credit cards，travel cards，phone cards.（71） The world of finance in particular has come up with numerous devices that have made their way into our back pocket－to make it easier to spend，but，just as important，to keep track .The number of financial transactions in the UK has risen enormously in recent years.Excluding small daily cash deals，there are now more than 1000 transactions per person annually.（72） And for every one a record must be made of the sum，the parties involved and the purpose.73） Plastic money is big business：there are more than 420 million Visa cards alone on the planet,worth something in the region of &700 billion,and the total of plastic transactions is expected to reach &4.8 billion in Britain by the end of the century.Common to all cards is that they are made of PVC（plastic）and have ferro－magnetic strip on the back－the same stuff as video tape.On most strips，information（such as the current account number）is encoded by laser on two or three tracks.（74） What is never recorded on the strip is the PIN （personal identification number）－the holder's secret password for withdrawing money.75） When a card is placed in an ATM，a motorized reader scans the magnetic strip，requests the user's PIN，checks the balance and，all being well，dispenses the cash. If the user enters three wrong PINs，the card is retained and recorded stolen.As today's technology goes，the magnetic strip that allows all this to happen is pretty primitive：OK for travel cards and season tickets，but not a reliable anti－security measure.It can be read by simple scanning machines that can be bought over the counter at electronic stores. With the introduction of smart cards and electronic money，security will cease to be a problem －at least for a while －and all other cards will be irrelevant.The wallet of the future may be slimmer，but the data in it will be denser than ever.Part V Writing (15 points)Directions：A)Title: On TV ViewingB)You should write an essay on the outline below in no less than 150 words.C)Your essay should be written on Answer Sheet II。
考研英语全真冲刺模拟试题(1)范文
考研英语全真冲刺模拟试题(1)全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)全真冲刺试卷ⅠSimulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates(2011)考生注意事项1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。
2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。
3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。
(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。
填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。
如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。
(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。
字迹要清楚。
4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。
考试时间满分180分钟100分得分Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 1, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the /kcnet1480/ people of England call themselves English. The others 2 to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 3 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 4 being classified as “English”.Even in England there are many 5 in regional character and speech. The chief 6 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 7 going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 8 there are local variations.Further north regional speech is usually “9”than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 10 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more11.They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 12. Northerners generally have hearty 13: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 14 at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands 15 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound 16 by the letter “R” is generally a strong sound, and “R”is often pronounced in words in which it would be 17 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 18 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 19 as being more “fiery” than the English. They are 20 a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words)Notes: fiery暴躁的，易怒的。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
考研英语模拟试题1及答案
考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides[C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted[C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied[C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15．[A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of[C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is thatairports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D →41. →42. →43. →44. →B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟卷
2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟卷（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Decades of scientific research show that stress and anxiety are prevalent problems at work, contributing to deficits in employee morale, well-being, andproductivity.1anxiety is caused by a range of2, including issues unrelated to people's jobs, one common and3cause is something specific to the workplace: incompetent leadership.Managers and leaders have a4effect on their employees' stress and anxiety levels.5they say, feel, and do hugely influences their team's6and emotionalwell-being. And the more senior leaders are, the more people they are likely to influence—positively and7.8sadly, far too few leaders are aware that they have this power. And many are overconfident in their leadership skills,9a gap between their perceived and actual levels of10. This explains why even well-meaning bosses may inadvertently11high anxiety levels in their employees and have a12capacity to correct and improve their behavior：13you think you are leading effectively, what is the point of changing?It is for this14that leaders must pay a great deal of15to how they act and communicate. The importance of this is exacerbated during times of increased uncertainty,16we often look to leaders to guide us in the face of fear, to provide uswith17and direction, and, most of all, to give us reasons to18hopeful and optimistic.If you are a manager or a leader, it is useful to19some key psychological lessons about how your behavior—what you say, do, feel, and express—20your team, especially when you are not aware of it.1 [单选题]第（1）题选A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.When正确答案：C参考解析：空格处需要填入一个连词，体现前后两个分句的逻辑关系。
英语考研题库模拟题及答案
英语考研题库模拟题及答案一、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online courses has surged, offering students the flexibility to learn at their own pace. However, critics argue that the lack of face-to-faceinteraction may hinder the development of critical thinking skills.Questions:1. What is the main topic of the passage?2. What is the advantage of online courses mentioned in the passage?3. What is the concern raised by critics about online courses?Answers:1. The main topic is the rise in popularity of online courses and the debate surrounding their effectiveness.2. The advantage is the flexibility for students to learn at their own pace.3. The concern is that the lack of face-to-face interaction may affect the development of critical thinking skills.Passage 2The impact of climate change on biodiversity is a pressingissue. Scientists warn that without immediate action, many species are at risk of extinction.Questions:1. What is the main concern of the passage?2. What is the potential consequence of climate change mentioned?3. Who are the individuals raising the alarm about this issue?Answers:1. The main concern is the impact of climate change on biodiversity.2. The potential consequence is the extinction of many species.3. Scientists are the ones raising the alarm.二、完形填空（每题1分，共10分）[文章省略，提供5个样题]61. A) rapidly B) slowly C) gradually D) instantly62. A) cause B) effect C) reason D) result63. A) despite B) because C) since D) if64. A) increasing B) decreasing C) remaining D) changing65. A) threat B) promise C) opportunity D) challenge答案：61. C) gradually62. A) cause63. A) despite64. B) decreasing65. A) threat三、翻译（英译汉，每题5分，共10分）Translate the following sentences into Chinese:1. The rapid development of technology has brought about significant changes in our daily lives.2. Environmental protection is a global issue that requires the collective efforts of all countries.答案：1. 技术的快速发展给我们的日常生活带来了显著的变化。
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析(1)
考研英语一模拟试题及答案解析（1）(1~20/共20题)完形填空Humans are unique in the extent to which they can reflect on themselves and others. Humans are a-ble to __1__ , to think in abstract terms, to reflect on the future. A meaningless, __2__ world is an insecure world. We do not like extensive insecurity. When it __3__ to human behavior we infer meaning and __4__ to make the behavior understandable. What all this means is that people develop quasi theories of human behavior, that is, theories that are not developed in an objective, scientific __5__ When doing so, people believe they know __6__ humans do the things they do.Lets consider an example. In the United States people have been __7__ with the increasing amount of crime for several years. The extent of crime bothers us; we ourselves could be __8__ But what also bothers us is that people behave in such ways. Why can such things happen We develop quasi theories. We __9__ concerned about the high crime rate, but we now believe we __10__ it; our criminal justice system is __11__ ; people have grown selfish and inconsiderate as our moral values __12__ from the influence of liberal ideas; too many people are __13__ drugs. These explanations suggest possible solutions. __14__ the courts; put more people in jail as __15__ to other law breakers. There is hope that the problem of crime can be solved if only we __16__ these solutions. Again, the world is no longer meaningless nor __17__ so threatening.These quasi theories __18__ serve a very important function for us. But how accurate are they How __19__ will the suggested solutions be These questions must be answered __20__ how people normally go about developing or attaining their quasi theories of human behavior.第1题A.understandB.reasonC.meditateD.reckon第2题A.unanimousB.unimaginableC.disorganizedD.unpredictable第3题esB.getsC.goesD.amounts第4题A.initiativesB.illustrationC.conclusionsD.motives第5题A.meansB.mediumD.approach第6题A.whetherB.howC.whenD.why第7题A.concernedB.worriedC.disturbedD.involved第8题A.preysB.victimsC.casualtiesD.sacrifices第9题A.retainB.maintainC.remainD.refrain第10题A.knowB.understandprehendD.grasp第11题A.deficientB.precautiousC.destructiveD.inadequate 第12题A.weakenB.shrinkC.circumscribeD.evade第13题A.withB.againstC.forD.on第14题A.StrengthenC.IntensifyD.Consolidate第15题A.examplesB.modelsC.casesD.samples第16题A.see toB.work outC.act one up with第17题A.quiteB.ratherC.veryD.much第18题A.moreoverB.otherwiseC.neverthelessD.therefore第19题A.effectiveB.efficientC.proficientD.sufficient第20题A.with respect toB.as a result ofC.on behalf ofD.in line with下一题(21~25/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Populations tend to grow at an exponential rate. This means that they progressively double. As an example of this type of growth rate, take one penny and double it every day for one month. After the first week, you would have only 64 cents, but after the fourth week you would have over a million dollars.This helps explain why the population has come on all of a sudden. It took from the beginningof human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then it took from 1830 to 1930 for world population to reach 2 billion. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years, and in 1975 world population reached 4 billion, which is another billion people in only Fifteen years.World population is increasing at a rate of 9,000 per hour, 220,000 per day, 80 million per year. This is not only due to higher birth rates, but to lower death rates as well. The number of births has not declined at the same rate as the number of deaths.Some countries, such as Columbia, Thailand, Morocco, Costa Rica, and the Philippines, are doubling their populations about every twenty-one years, with a growth rate of 3.3 percent a year or more. The United States is doubling its population about every eighty-seven years, with a rate of 0.8 percent per year. Every time a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including hospitals, schools, resources, food and medicines to care for its people. It is easy to see that this is very difficult to achieve for the more rapidly growing countries.第21题This passage chiefly discusses ______.A.the growth of world populationB.one type of the exponential rateC.the population problem of more rapidly growing countriesD.the possible ways of dealing with the rapid population growth第22题According to the passage, what helps to explain why the population problem has come on all of a suddenA.The penny which doubles itself every day for one month.B.The time span of at least two million years in human history.C.An illustration of the exponential growth rate given by the author.D.The large amount of money you would luckily make after the fourth week.第23题It took ______ for the world to increase its population from 1 billion to 4 billion.A.100 yearsB.145 yearsC.1975 yearsD.Over two million years第24题Which of the following statements is NOT trueA.World population is increasing at a rate of 150 per minute.B.Lower death rates also contribute to world population growth.C.The population of Columbia has been doubling every year for 21 years.D.The United States is usually doubling its population about every 87 years.第25题When a population doubles, the country involved needs twice as much of everything, including ______.A.hospitals and medicinesB.schools and studentsC.food and manpower resourcesD.all of the above上一题下一题(26~30/共20题)Section ⅡReadingPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)With 22 years on the job, Jackie Bracey could be considered a career employee of the Internal Revenue Service. But she defies any stereotype of an over-eager agent running down a reluctant taxpayer. Instead, she spends her time defending people who owe the government money. Ms. Bracey, based in Greensboro N. C., is a taxpayer advocate, a created by Congress in 1998 as part of the kinder, gentler theme adopted by the tax collection agency. Bracey and advocates at 73 Other offices nationwide, backed by 2,100 field workers and staff, go to bat for taxpayers who are in financial straits because of something the agency has done or is about to do.Though it may seem contrary to the IRS, the advocate service not only helps taxpayers, but identifies procedural problems. The main goal, though, is for the ombudsman to step into a dispute a taxpayer is having with the IRS when it appears that something the IRS is doing, or planning, would create an undue hardship on the taxpayer. This can range from speeding up resolution of a dispute that has dragged on too long, to demanding that the IRS halt a collection action that the taxpayer can show he or sh e “is suffering or is about to suffer a significant hardship.”Taxpayer ombudsmen have been around in one form or another since 1979, says Nina Olson, the national taxpayer advocate. But they were given much more power in 1998 when Congress decided that the workers would no longer report to regional directors but to her office. While this gave them a great deal more authority, outside watchdogs say more can be done. “There is a long way to go to get an agency that feels independent and emboldened to work for taxpayers”, says Joe Seep, a vice president of the Washington-based tax-advocacy group.The taxpayers union also has complained that Congress and the Bush administration don’t seem to be taking the advocates seriously enough. Each year, the IRS group reports to Congress on the top problems that advocates see. Many of these are systemic problems that can gum up the works for both taxpayer and collector, such as a December notice from Ms. Olson that the IRS should have just one definition of a dependent child, rather than the three definitions currently used. While taxpayer advocates can help smooth things out in many cases, they cannot ignore laws.If taxpayers haven’t made legitimate claims for credits, there’s nothing the advocate can do to reverse that course. And Olson says that while taxpayers are free to use her service, they should keep in mind that it does not replace the normal appeals process and should be the last place a citizen calls upon for help, not the first. “We’re really there for.when the processes fall down,” she says. Every state has at least one taxpayer-advocate service office.第26题According to the text, the main task of tax advocates isA.to chase and collect tax from reluctant taxpayers.B.to cooperate with field workers and support staff.。
2021年考研《英语一》模拟试题及答案(卷一)
2021年考研《英语一》模拟试题及答案（卷一）Prof.Lee’s book will show you( )can be used in other contexts.A that you have observedB that how you have observedC how that you have observedD how what you have observed答案：DHaving no money but( )to know,he simply said he would go without dinner.A not to want anyoneB not wanting anyoneC wanted no oneD to want no one答案：BWe desire that the tour leader( )us immediately of any change in plans.A informB informsC informedD has informed答案：A( )Adam Smith’s"The Wealth of Nations"that Jim Green wasfascinated by economic theory.A After readingB It was readingC It was after readingD Having read答案：CHow many of us( ),say,a meeting that is irrelevant to us would be interested in the discussion?A attendedB attendingC to attendD have attended答案：CHumble( )it may be,there is no place like home.A althoughB asC howD that答案：BBefore the Spring Festival,the leaders of the village made house‐to ‐house survey,( )in each family about their needs and problems.A to inquireB to be inquiringC inquiringD inquired答案：CThe picture( )my school days to my mind.A recalledB remindedC rememberedD recollected答案：AUnder the( )confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.A surroundingsB settingsC circumstancesD environments答案：CThe two oil companies( )to cut costs.A mixedB mingledC mergedD messed答案：CFarming demands( )forecasts of the weather.A preciseB correctC accurateD exact答案：CPlease( )me on that subject.A enlightenB acquaintC informD instruct答案：AHe( )having been frightened.A acknowledgedB confessedC recognizedD admitted答案：AWith all its advantages,the computer is by no means without its( ).A boundariesB limitationsC confinementsD restraints答案：BDriving through snowstorm on icy roads for long distances is a most nerve-racking experience. It is a paradox that the snow，coming __1__ gently，blowing gleefully in a high wind，all the while __2__ down a treacherous carpet，freezes the windows，__3__ the view. The might of automated man is__4__ . The horses，the powerful electrical systems，the deep-tread tires，all go __5__ nothing. One minute the road feels __6__，and the next the driver is sliding over it，light as a__7__，in a panic，wondering what the heavy trailer trucks coming up__8__the rear are going to do. The trucks are like __9__ when you have to pass them，not at sixty or seventy __10__ you do when the road is dry，but at twenty-five and thirty. __11__ their engines sound unnaturally loud. Snow，slush and__12__ of ice spray from beneath the wheels，obscure the windshield，and rattle __13__your car. Beneath the wheels there is plenty of __14__ for you to slide and get mashed to a pulp. Inch __15__ inch you move up，past the rear wheels，the center wheels，the cab，the front wheels，all__16__too slowly by. Straight ahead you continue，__17__ to cut over sharply would send you into a slip，__18__in front of the vehicle. At last，there is__19__enough，and you creep back over，in front of the truck now，but__20__the sound of its engine stillthundering in your ears.1. [A] up [B] off [C] down [D] on2. [A] lies [B] lays [C] settles [D] sends3. [A] blocks [B] strikes [C] puffs [D] cancels4. [A] muted [B] discovered [C] doubled [D] undervalued5. [A] for [B] with [C] into [D] from6. [A] comfortable [B] weak [C] risky [D] firm7. [A] loaf [B] feather [C] leaf [D] fog8. [A] beneath [B] from [C] under [D] beyond9. [A] dwarfs [B] giants [C] patients [D] princesses10. [A] what [B] since [C] as [D] that11. [A] So [B] But [C] Or [D] Then12. [A] flakes [B] flocks [C] chips [D] cakes13. [A] onto [B] against [C] off [D] along14. [A] snow [B] earth [C] room [D] ice15. [A] by [B] after [C] for [D] with16. [A] climbing [B] crawling [C] winding [D] sliding17. [A] meanwhile [B] unless [C] whereas [D] for18. [A] sheer [B] mostly [C] rarely [D] right19. [A] might [B] distance [C] air [D] power20. [A] with [B] like [C] inside [D] upon答案1.C2.B3.A4.A5.A6.D7.B8.C9.B 10.C11.D 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.B 20.AHealth implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unableto function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.1. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical2. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily3. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with4. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark5. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental6. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing7. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to8. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about9. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance10. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality11. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter12. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake13. [A] evidence [B] accidents [C] adventures [D] events14. [A] acquire [B] achieve [C] obtain [D] fulfill15. [A] respond [B] return [C] retort [D] reply16. [A] why [B] when [C] while [D] where17. [A] sound [B] all-round [C] entire [D] whole18. [A] illuminate [B] enunciate [C] enumerate [D] initiate19. [A] access [B] assess [C] process [D] possess20. [A] resolving [B] saluting [C] dissolving [D] solving参考答案：1-10ADDBD DDAADDCDBA CADDAWho talks more,women or men?The seemingly contradictory evidence is( )by the difference what I call public and private speaking.More men feel comfortable doing“public speaking,”while more women feel comfortable doing“private”speaking.Another way of capturing these differences is by using the terms report-talk and rapport-talk.A compromisedB reckonedC reinforcedD reconciled答案：DWhen television first began to expand,very few of the people who had becom commentators were able to be equally effective on television.Some of the experienced when they were trying to( )technical.A turnB adaptC alterD modify答案：BHaving failed in the mathematics examination,Tom feels very( ).A oppressedB suppressedC depressedD compressed答案：C( )energy must be released in one form or another,for example,an earthquake.A GatheredB CollectedC AccumulatedD Assembled答案：CThere can be no question about the value of a safety program.From a financial standpoint alone,safety pays off.The fewer the injury( ),the better the workman’s insurance rate.This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.A claimsB reportsC declarationsD proclamations答案：AThe United States Department of Agriculture and the food industry( )sales statistics and keep accurate records.This information tells us what people are eating and their changes in attitudes and tastes.A gatherB accumulateC compileD compare答案：CAnother important factor is the technical efficiency of a country’s people.Old countries that have numerous( )craftsmen are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskille D.Furthermore,wealth also produces wealth.A skillfulB skilledC capableD shrewd答案：BThe migratory birds use the same nests year after year,( )new material each time.A and will addB to addC which are addedD adding答案：D( ),a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.A Other things to be equalB Were other things equalC To be equal to other thingsD Other things being equal答案：DOne of the properties of light is( )traveling in wave form as it goes from one place to another.A itB it’sC itsD their答案：CIf I correct someone,I'll do it with as much good humor and self‐restraint as if I were the one( ).A to correctB correctingC having correctedD being corrected答案：DMy family( )very interested in playing bowls,which( )very much in fashion now.A is...isB are...areC is...areD are...is答案：DAny nation that interferes in the internal affairs of another nation should be universally( ).A blamedB reproachedC scoldedD condemned答案：DHumble( )it may be,there is no place like home.A althoughB asC howD that答案：BBefore the Spring Festival,the leaders of the village made house‐to ‐house survey,( )in each family about their needs and problems.A to inquireB to be inquiringC inquiringD inquired答案：CThe picture( )my school days to my mind.A recalledB remindedC rememberedD recollected答案：AUnder the( )confronting them it was impossible to continue the strike any longer.A surroundingsB settingsC circumstancesD environments答案：CThe black clouds( )rain. A.indicated B.hinted C.suggestedA AB BC CD D答案：AThe two oil companies( )to cut costs.A mixedB mingledC mergedD messed答案：CFarming demands( )forecasts of the weather.A preciseB correctC accurateD exact答案：CPlease( )me on that subject.A enlightenB acquaintC informD instruct答案：AHe( )having been frightened.A acknowledgedB confessedC recognizedD admitted答案：AWith all its advantages,the computer is by no means without its( ).A boundariesB limitationsC confinementsD restraints答案：BMy camera can be( )to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A adaptedB adjustedC adoptedD remedied答案：BThe new hotel built a few months ago is large enough to( )over two hundred people.A containB holdC provideD accommodate答案：DA( )translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.A literalB liberalC literateD literary答案：A1.My camera can be( )to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A adaptedB adjustedC adoptedD remedied答案：B2.The new hotel built a few months ago is large enough to( )over two hundred people.A containB holdC provideD accommodate答案：D3.A( )translation is not always the closest to the original meaning.A literalB liberalC literateD literary答案：A4.Do you like this( )of coffee?A trademarkB signC markD brand答案：B5.When television first began to expand,very few of the people who had becom commentators were able to be equally effective on television.Some of the experienced when they were trying to( )technical.A turnB adaptC alterD modify答案：B6.Having failed in the mathematics examination,Tom feels very( ).A oppressedB suppressedC depressedD compressed答案：C7.( )energy must be released in one form or another,for example,an earthquake.A GatheredB CollectedC AccumulatedD Assembled答案：C8.There can be no question about the value of a safety program.From a financial standpoint alone,safety pays off.The fewer the injury( ),the better the workman’s insurance rate.This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.A claimsB reportsC declarationsD proclamations答案：A9.The description of what happens in learning process is sometimes too( ).A complex to understandB difficult to be understoodC complicated to understandD complicated enough to understand答案：A10.With prices( )so much,it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.A fluctuatingB wavingC swingingD vibrating答案：A11.This is a picture of my house.In the( )you can see the mountains.A residenceB settingC environmentD sightseeing答案：B12.If your knowledge can be in some way( )with my experiences,we are sure to succeed.A joinedB unitedC connectedD combined答案：D13.With the introduction of( )technology,information flows faster than it ever did.A involvedB complicatedC sophisticatedD complex答案：A14.The first man who cooked his food,instead of eating if raw,lived so long ago that we have no idea who he was or where he live D.We do know,however,that for thousands of years,food was always eaten cold and( ).A rawB crudeC dryD fresh答案：AThe plain occupies the west,south and central parts of the continent,though considerable variations are to be found over so( )an area.A expensiveB expansiveC extensiveD intensive正确答案：CWhen two people feel the same about each other,their feelings are( ).A visibleB commonC jointD mutual正确答案：DThe homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.Furthermore homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly_____.A standB copeC approveD retain正确答案：BTheories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in( )to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,or as a rejection of middle‐class values.A returnB replyC referenceD response正确答案：DSuch changes show that selection and evolution can be controlled,to a certain( ),by man.In fact,changes are continually taking place in all livingthings,and new varieties are constantly developing.A advantageB purposeC effectD extent正确答案：DThe time for the general offensive was approaching.The commander’s order soon came( )all civilians should evacuate the village.A whenB beforeC asD that正确答案：DShe opened the packet and emptied its( )into saucepan.A contentsB contentC consentD contend正确答案：AMercury’s( )is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.A velocityB orbitC weightD diameter正确答案：AThe( )of the speech contest is made up of four professors and a famous broadcaster.A committeeB boardC panelD leadership正确答案：CI had to stand in a( )for hours to get tickets for the film.A rowB processionC tailD queue正确答案：DMaking friends is extremely important to teenagers,and many shy students need the admission of some kind of organization with a supportive adult( )visible in the background.A particularlyB barelyC definitelyD rarely正确答案：BThe government will( )a reform in the educational system.A initiateB initialC initiativeD intimate正确答案：ACCTV programs are( )by satellite to the remotest areas in the country.A transferredB transportedC transformedD transmitted正确答案：DThe Chinese Women Volleyball Team won five( )world champions.A successiveB consecutiveC excessiveD immense正确答案：AEvery government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the( ).A consequencesB endingsC resultsD outcome正确答案：AThe energy( )by the chain reaction is transformed into heat.A conveyedB releasedC transferredD delivered正确答案：BWhen I try to understand( )that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect,it seems to me that there are two causes.A why it doesB what it doesC what it isD why it is正确答案：CDon’t pour hot water into the glass or it will( ).A splitB crackC breakD burst正确答案：BThe article appeared in the fourth( )of the magazine.A editionB issueC versionD print正确答案：BThe tension( )as the guest of honor was about to announce the winner.A mountedB ascendedC climbedD raised正确答案：BOur house is the most( )one in the street;it’s painted red.A prominentB distinguishedC outstandingD well‐known正确答案：AMany theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories __1__ on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior __2__ they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through __3__ with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in __4__ totheir failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, __5__ as a rejection of middle-class values. Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, __6__ the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes __7__ lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are __8__ to criticism. Changes in the social structure may indirectly __9__ juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that __10__ to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment __11__ make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in __12__ lead more youths into criminal behavior. Families have also __13__ changes these years. More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; __14__, children are likely to have less supervision at home __15__ was common in the traditional family __16__. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17__ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __18__ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing __19__ of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, __20__ a direct causal relationship has not yet been established1.[A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] cementing2.[A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3.[A] interactions [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4.[A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5.[A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6.[A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7.[A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8.[A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9.[A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10.[A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11.[A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12.[A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13.[A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15.[A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16.[A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17.[A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18.[A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19.[A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20.[A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing参考答案：1-5. [C]. [D]. [A]. [D]. [A] 6-10. [B]. [C]. [D]. [A]. [B]11-15. [A]. [C]. [D]. [B]. [A] 16-20. [B]. [B]. [D]. [A]. [C]Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, andphysical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious __1__ to how they can be best __2__ such changes. Growing bodies need movement and __3__, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. __4__ they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the __5__ that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are __6__ by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be __7__ to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, __8__, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, __9__ student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide __10__ opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful __11__ dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the __12__ of some kind of organization with a supportive adult __13__ visible in the background. In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have __14__ attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized __15__ participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to __16__ else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants __17__. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. __18__ they can help students acquire a sense ofcommitment by __19__ for roles that are within their __20__ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.1.[A] thought [B] idea [C] opinion [D] advice2.[A] strengthen [B] accommodate [C] stimulate [D] enhance3.[A] care [B] nutrition [C] exercise [D] leisure4.[A] If [B] Although [C] Whereas [D] Because5.[A] assistance [B] guidance [C] confidence [D] tolerance6.[A] claimed [B] admired [C] ignored [D] surpassed7.[A] improper [B] risky [C] fair [D] wise8.[A] in effect [B] as a result [C] for example [D] in a sense9.[A] displaying [B] describing [C] creating [D] exchanging10.[A] durable [B] excessive [C] surplus [D] multiple11.[A] groups [B] individual [C] personnel [D] corporation12.[A] consent [B] insurance [C] admission [D] security13.[A] particularly [B] barely [C] definitely [D] rarely14.[A] similar [B] long [C] different [D] short15.[A] if only [B] now that [C] so that [D] even if16.[A] everything [B] anything [C] nothing [D] something17.[A] off [B] down [C] out [D] alone18.[A] On the contrary [B] On the average [C] On the whole [D] On the other hand19.[A] making [B] standing [C] planning [D] taking20.[A] capability [B] responsibility [C] proficiency [D] efficiency参考答案：1-5. [A]. [B]. [C] [D]. [C] 6-10. [B]. [D]. [C]. [A]. [D]11-15. [A]. [D]. [B]. [D]. [C] 16-20. [D]. [B]. [A]. [C]. [A]Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 1 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading”2 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 3 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 4 to others. Examination of factors related to the 5 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 6 .The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 7 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 8 , and thus there was some 9 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 10 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 11 distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still 12 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 13 , and overwhether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 14 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 15 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 16 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 17 readership on the other.By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 18 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 19 what the term “reading”20 .1.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western2.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly3.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming4.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure5.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian6.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness7.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature8.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded9.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink10.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret11.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize12.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate13.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively14.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically15.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever16.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished17.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized18.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or19.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered20.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied参考答案：1-10CADBA BCBCA11-20AACCB ADBDD。
英语考研模考试题及答案
英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。
考研英语模拟试题及答案
考研英语模拟试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The head of a company that says it has produced the first human clone said on Monday that the mother and baby were home following the child's birth last week and genetic proof demanded by scientists and other skeptics should be 1 in a week.Brigitte Boisselier, chief executive of Clonaid, which is linked to a group that 2 mankind was created by extraterrestrials, 3 to say whether the 31-year-old American mother and her child were in the United States or 4 .Her claim to have cloned a human being last week drew 5 reaction from experts 6 the field and she 7 no proof, 8 said that genetic testing was 9 for Tuesday.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration strongly opposes human cloning,10 was showed in many occasions， said on Friday it was "taking steps to11 " Clonaid's claim. It 12 the implantation of a cloned baby into a woman is 13 in the United States14 FDA approval.Clonaid was 15 by the creator of the Raelian Movement, a group 16 claims 55,000 17 around the world and 18 that life on Earth was sparked by 19 who arrived 25,000 years ago and 20 humans through cloning.1. [A] complicated [B] available [C] durable [D]disposable2. [A] reports [B]intensifies [C] claims [D] believes3. [A]denied [B] opposed [C] distinguished [D]declined4. [A]anywhere [B]nowhere [C] otherwhere [D]elsewhere5. [A] content [B] skeptical [C]critical [D]obvious6. [A] in [B] on [C] upon [D]from7. [A]indicated [B]manifested [C] offered [D]provided8. [A] but [B] but also [C]although [D]despite of9. [A] required [B]speculated [C] scheduled [D]disposed10.[A]than [B]as [C] but [D]that11.[A]look [B] inquire [C] investigate [D]study12.[A] said [B] showed [C] is said [D]manifested13.[A]improper [B] illogical [C] impossible [D] illegal14.[A] from [B] without [C]against [D]under15.[A] raised [B] founded [C] produced [D]manufactured16.[A] which [B] that [C] what [D]unless17.[A] participants [B] opponents [C] followers [D]counterparts18.[A] asserts [B] estimated [C]announced [D]predicts19.[A] materials [B] extraterrestrials [C] substances [D]things20.[A] discovered [B]produced [C] created [D]inventedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points) TEXT 1How should one read a book? In the first place, I want to emphasize the question mark at the end of my beginning sentence. Even if I could answer the question for myself, the answer would apply only to me and not to you. The only advice, indeed, that one person can give another about reading is to take no advice, to follow your own instincts, to use your own reason, to come to your own conclusion. If this is agreed between us, then I feel at liberty to put forward a few ideas and suggestions because you will not allow them to restrict that independence which is the most important quality that a reader can possess. After all, what laws can be laid down about books? The battle of Waterloo was certainly fought on a certain day; but is Hamlet a better play than Lear? Nobody can say. Each must decide that question of himself. To admit authorities, however heavily furred and gowned, into our libraries and let them tell us how to read, what to read, what value to place upon what we read, is to destroy the spirit of freedom which is the breath of those sanctuaries. Everywhere else we may be bound by laws and conventions—there we have none.But to enjoy freedom, if this old statement is pardonable, we have of course to control ourselves. We must not waste our powers, helplessly and ignorantly, spraying water around half the house in order to water a single rose-bush; we must train them, exactly and powerfully, here on the very spot. This, it may be, is one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library. What is “the very spot”? There may well seem to be nothing but a conglomeration and huddle of confusion. Poems and novels,histories and memoirs, dictionaries and blue-books; books written in all languages by men and women of all tempers, races, and ages jostle each other on the shelf. And outside the donkey brays, the women gossip at the pump, the colts gallop across the fields. Where are we to begin? How are we to bring order into this multitudinous chaos and so get the deepest and widest pleasure from what we read?21. Which of the following is true about the question raised at the beginning of the passage?[A] The author does have a universally correct answer to the question.[B] The author implies that she is not interested in the question.[C] The author thinks there may be different answers to the question.[D] The author wonders if there is any point in asking the question.22. A good reader should, according to the author, be able to[A] maintain his own viewpoints concerning reading.[B] take advice from everybody instead of any one person.[C] share his experiences in reading with others.[D] take the suggestions other people give him.23. In comparing Hamlet with Lear, the author means that[A] Hamlet is better than Lear.[B] Hamlet is no any better than Lear.[C] Both plays are good works.[D] There is no way to tell which is better.24. To the author, the advice in reading given by authorities is[A] the most important for readers.[B] unlikely to be helpful to readers.[C] our guidance in choosing what to read.[D] only useful in the libraries.25. What is “one of the first difficulties that faces us in a library?” (Paragraph 2)[A] We may become too excited to be quiet in the library.[B] We do not make best use of the library books.[C] We may get totally lost as to what to choose to read.[D] We cannot concentrate on our reading in the library.TEXT 2Human migration: the term is vague. What people usually think of is the permanent movement of people from one home to another. More broadly, though, migration means all the ways—from the seasonal drift of agricultural workers within a country to the relocation of refugees fromone country to another.Migration is big, dangerous, compelling. It is 60 million Europeans leaving home from the 16th to the 20th centuries. Migration is the dynamic undertow of population change: everyone’s solution, everyone’s conflict. As the century turns, migration, with its inevitable economic and political turmoil, has been ca lled “one of the greatest challenges of the coming century.”To demographer Kingsley Davis, two things made migration happen. First, human beings, with their tools and language, could adapt to different conditions without having to wait for evolution to make them suitable for a new niche. Second, as populations grew, cultures began to differ, and inequalities developed between groups. The first factor gave us the keys to the door of any room on the planet; the other gave us reasons to use them.Over the centuries, as agriculture spread across the planet, people moved toward places where metal was found and worked and to centres of commerce that then became cities. Those places were, in turn, invaded and overrun by people later generations called barbarians.In between these storm surges were steadier but similarly profound tides in which people moved out to colonize or were captured and brought in as slaves. For a while the population of Athens, that city of legendary enlightenment was as much as 35 percent slaves.“What strikes me is how important migration is as a cause and effect in the great world events.” Mark Miller, co-author of The Age of Migration and a professor of political science at the University of Delaware, told me recently.It is difficult to think of any great events that did not involve migration. Religions spawned pilgrims or settlers; wars drove refugees before them and made new land available for the conquerors; political upheavals displaced thousands or millions; economic innovations drew workers and entrepreneurs like magnets; environmental disasters like famine or disease pushed their bedraggled survivors anywhere they could replant hope.“It’s part of our nature, this movement,” Miller said, “It’s justa fact of the human condition.”26. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the first three passage[A] Migration exerts a great impact on population change.[B] Migration contributes to Mankind’s progress.[C] Migration brings about desirable and undesirable effects.[D] Migration may not be accompanied by human conflicts.27. According to Kingsley Davis, migration occurs as a result of the following reasons EXCEPT .[A] human adaptability[B] human evolution[C] cultural differences[D] inter-group inequalities28. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned as migrants in the passage?[A] Farmers. [B] Workers. [C] Settlers. [D] Colonizers.29. There seems to be a(n) relationship between great events and migration.[A] loose [B] indefinite [C] causal [D] remote30. The author uses the example of Athens to show that .[A] Athens was built mainly by slaves[B] Athens enlightenment has nothing to do with slaves[C] Slaves are too many at that time[D] Migration never stopped even between big human conflictsTEXT 3Economies can get truly richer only through increased productivity growth, either from technological advances or from more efficient production thanks to international trade. Thus china’s integration into the world economy genuinely creates wealth. The same cannot be said of all the “wealth” produced by stock market or housing bubbles.In recent years, many people around the world have found it easier to make money from rising asset prices than from working. Roger Bootle, the managing director of Capital Economics, a London consultancy, calls this “money for nothing.” The surge in share prices in the late 1900s boosted the shareholdings of American households by $7 trillion over four years, equivalent to almost two years’ income from employment—without requiring any effort. The value of those shares has since fallen, but the drop has been more than offset by soaring house prices. Over the past four years the value of homes in America has increased by more than $5 trillion, making many Americans feel richer and less inclined to save. But much of this new wealth is an illusion.The first mistake, at the end of the 1990s, was to believe that shareswere actually worth their quoted price. The second mistake, today, is to view higher house prices as increased wealth. A rise in share prices can, in theory, reflect expected future gains in profits. The stock market boom did reflect some genuine wealth creation in the shape of productivity gains, however exaggerated they may have been. But rising house prices do not represent an increase in wealth for a country as a whole. They merely redistribute wealth to home-owners from non-home-owners who may hope to buy in the future. Nevertheless the illusion of new-found wealth has caused households as a whole to save less and spend and borrow more.Historically low interest rates have fuelled housing bubbles in America and many other countries around the globe. At some stage prices will fall, obliging consumers to save much more and spend less. The unwinding of America’s vast economic imbalances could depress growth there for many years, whereas China’s slowdown looks likely to be fairly brief.Oddly enough, China may be partly to blame for this wealth illusion in rich economies, because central bankers have been slow to grasp the consequences of China’s rapid integration into the world economy. By producing goods more cheaply and so helping to hold down inflation and interest rates in rich economies, China may have indirectly encouraged excessive credit creation and asset-price bubbles there. Inflation has remained low, but excess liquidity now flows into the prices of houses and shares rather than the prices of goods and services. And to keep its exchange rate pegged to the dollar, China has been buying vast amounts of American Treasury bonds, which has helped to depress bond yields and mortgage rates, fuelling America’s property boom.31. The best title of this passage may be[A] New methods of Wealth production[B] China is to blame for economic bubbles[C] Western economies are not as rich as they seem to be[D] Different economic growth roads32. In the author’s mind, Roger Bootle’s point of view might be[A] Strongly misleading [B] A bit too sarcastic [C] Totally unacceptable [D] Nothing but truth33. According to the author, the major difference between share price rising and house price rising is[A] stock markets can witness some real wealth accumulation while house-price-rising cannot.[B] stock markets have more bubbles.[C] house-price-rising causes families to save less and to spend more.[D] stock prices may go down but house prices seldom .34. The word “brief” in the last line of the fourth paragraph may probably mean[A] not important [B] short in time [C] significant [D] unnecessary35. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true[A] Western central bankers are not well prepared for Chinese integration into the world economy.[B] China has been buying large amount of real estates so that American property price booms.[C] Since China exports products more cheaply, it will be a major factor to counteract inflation.[D] There are also house-price bubbles in China.TEXT 4As humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour．At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology Man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.This is an entirely news situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind’s struggle to preserve the environment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to theonslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes, with storms and earthquakes, with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparent cause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.As technology becomes ever more potent and Nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between state and civil society.The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand, the macro-word in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a news type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid practices conducive to decreasing the ozone hole, the propagation of AIDS, global warming, desertification—an authority that will tackle such global problems.There should be no discontinuity in the global machinery responsible for world order. The UN in its present form may fall far short of what is required of it, and it may be undemocratic and detrimental to mostcitizens in the world, but its absence would be worse. And so we have to hold on to the international organization even as we push forward for its complete restructuring.Our best hope would be that the functions of the present United Nations are gradually taken over by the new machinery of veto power representing genuine democratic globalization.36. The mention of Man’s victo ry over Nature at the beginning of the passage is to highlight .[A] a new creative powers [B] Man’s creative powers[C] The role of modern technology [D] Man’s ground-breaking work37. According to the author, the current conflict is more dangerous as[A] nature will punish human beings more severely.[B] man and nature cannot share the same communicative channel.[C] technological advances are to be a double-edged sword.[D] Human beings cannot unite together.38. According to the passage, which is NOT a responsibility of the proposed new international authority?[A] Monitoring effects of scientific discoveries.[B] Dealing with worldwide environmental issues.[C] Vetoing human attempts to conquer Nature.[D] Authorizing efforts to improve human health.39. When commenting on the present role of the UN, the author expresses his .[A] dissatisfaction [B] disillusionment [C] objection [D] doubt40. The best title of this text may probably be[A] Man and Nature: The Everlasting Conflict[B] Mankind in the New Millennium[C] UN Must Be Reformed[D] New Approaches on Man-Nature Conflict: a More Powerful Global OrganizationPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraph from the list A-F to fit into each of the numbered blank. There is one extra choice that doesnot fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) It's 10 p.m. You may not know where your child is, but the chip does.(41)____________________ Once paramedics arrive, the chip will also be able to tell the rescue workers which drugs little Johnny or Janie is allergic to. At the hospital, the chip will tell doctors his or her complete medical history.And of course, when you arrive to pick up your child, settling the hospital bill with your health insurance policy will be a simple matter of waving your own chip - the one embedded in your hand.To some, this may sound far-fetched. But the technology for such chips is no longer the stuff of science fiction. And it may soon offer many other benefits besides locating lost children or elderly Alzheimer patients."Down the line, it could be used as credit cards and such," says Chris Hables Gray, a professor of cultural studies of science and technology at the University of Great Falls in Montana. "A lot of people won't have to carry wallets anymore," he says. "What the implications are [for this technology], in the long run, is profound."(42)__________________________"Any technology of this kind is easily abusive of personal privacy," says Lee Tien, senior staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation. "If a kid is trackable, do you want other people to be able to track your kid? It's a double-edged sword."The research of embedding microchips isn't entirely new.(43)________________But Applied Digital Solutions, Inc. in Palm Beach, Fla., is one of the latest to try and push the experiments beyond the realm of academic research and into the hands - and bodies - of ordinary humans.(44)_______________________When scanned by a nearby reader, the embedded chip yields the data - say an ID number that links to a computer database file containing more detailed information.Most embedded chip designs are so-called passive chips which yield information only when scanned by a nearby reader. But active chips - such as the proposed Digital Angel of the future - will need to beam out information all the time. (45)___________________Another additional hurdle, developing tiny GPS receiver chips that could be embedded yet still be sensitive enough to receive signals from thousands of miles out in space.In addition to technical hurdles, many suspect that all sorts of legaland privacy issues would have to be cleared as well.[A] Back in 1998, Brian Warwick, a professor of cybernetics at Reading University in London, implanted a chip into his arm as an experiment to see if Warwick's computer could wirelessly track his whereabouts with the university's building.[B] The company says it has recently applied to the Food and Drug Administration for permission to begin testing its VeriChip device in humans. About the size of a grain of rice, the microchip can be encoded with bits of information and implanted in humans under a layer of skin.[C] Indeed, some are already wondering what this sort of technology may do to the sense of personal privacy and liberty.[D] And that means designers will have to develop some sort of power source that can provide a continuous source of energy, yet be small enough to be embedded with the chips.[E] Tiny chips know your name easily.[F] Every woman dreams of receiving a huge, sparkling and priceless diamond that be controlled by tiny chips . Now scientists have developed the most useful diamond .[G] The chip will also know if your child has fallen and needs immediate help.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (10 points)46) A hundred years ago, when sport was confined largely to games played in the backyard or on the farm, one could hardly have imagined the attention that it has come to receive in the twentieth century. Today, the importance of sport in society is clearly demonstrated by the fact that even the CBS evening news can be preempted for the final of a tennis match. A survey conducted in the late 1980s revealed that fully 81 percent of all adults follow some organized sport, mostly on television. And the phenomenon of weekend “sports widows”—women abandoned by their husbands for weekend sports on television—is entering its third generation.Sport is defined sociologically as competitive physical activity that is performed under established rules. Like all social institutions, sport serves numerous functions. First, it provides society with a vast arrayof leisure-time activities for all segments of the population.47) Although it is an overstatement to say that modern society is a leisure society, there has been a significant increase in the amount of non-work time that most people have available. Furthermore, recreational activity has become increasingly necessary in a society in which the vast majority of jobs provide little or no physical activity. Second, sport provides an outlet for energies that, if not diverted, could cause serious strain on the social order.48) For both fan and participant, sport permits the expression of emotions (such as anger and frustration) in ways that are acceptable to, even encouraged by, society. Finally, sport provides society with role models. Athletes at all levels, but especially famous athletes, provide examples of conduct and employment of skills that others can emulate.Although sports promote many positive aspects of a society, conflict theorists are quick to point out that they also reflect society’s inequalities. Like most other social institutions, sports are characterized by inequalities of class, race and gender. For example, certain sports—such as polo, tennis, and skiing—have traditionally appealed to the wealthy. Other sports—such as boxing, which is often associated with urban poverty—are distinctly lower class in origin and participation. 49) In general, members of the lower and working classes have tended to participate in sports like baseball and basketball: games that require little more than a field, a ball, and some players.Although sport is sometimes considered exempt from racial inequality, sociological evidence has shown this not to be the case.50) Although it is true that nonwhites in American society have enjoyed greater opportunities for high incomes in professional sports than in other occupations, it is also true that virtually all managers and owners of sports team are white. There are few nonwhite sportscasters, administrators, umpires, or referees. Furthermore, nonwhites are all but absent (even as players) from all professional sports except baseball, basketball, boxing, and football.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Your university library intends to improve its service and facilities. Write a letter to the chief librarian to1) explain who you are,2) say what you like about the library,3) suggest ways in which it could be improved.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Look at the following picture and write an article on advertisement. Your article should cover the points below:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay to1) describe the picture, 2) interpret its meaning, and3) give your suggestion as to the best way to find happiness.You should write about 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)试题答案Section I Use of English1.B2.D3.D4.D5.B6.A7.C8.C9.B 10.C11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.A 23.D 24.B 25.C 26.D 27.B 28.A 29.C 30.D 31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.A 36.A 37.B 38.D 39.A 40.DPart B41.G 42.C 43.A 44.B 45.DPart C46）一百年前，运动仅仅局限于那些在后院或者农场中举行的活动。
考研英语二(翻译)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语二（翻译）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 2. Reading ComprehensionSection II Reading ComprehensionPart CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)1．Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require months of travel through Europe. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography, set up interviews and do research? So I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment. By the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. The point is that the new is almost by definition scary. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you. I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I’ll go on doing such things. It is not because I am braver than others, but because I will accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders.正确答案：几年前，我被分配了一项写作任务，为此要在欧洲旅游几个月。