英语翻译技巧第八节 英语被动语态的翻译
被动语态的译法
有几种塑料可以压入机器并分离成细长的纤维，这 种纤维可以用来织布。
为了使得句子平衡，保持末端中心（end focus）和末端重量（end weight），以符合 主语简短、谓语复杂的表达习惯。如： I was astonished that he was prepared to give me a job. 他准备给我一份工作，这使我大吃一惊。
2. 译成主动句 A. 顺译成形式是主动，意义是被动 的句子 把英语句子译成主动句，其形式是 主动，但从意义和逻辑关系上看还 是被动句。
例1：Love can not be forced. 【译文】爱情不能强求。
例2：Love and cough cannot be hidden. 【译文】爱情和咳嗽都无法隐藏。
4.“…的是”式，一般可以与“是…的”式互
换。 I was recommended by a professor. 推荐我的是一位教授。 5.“…加以/予以”式，组成倒置的动宾结构。 如： This question will be discussed in the next chapter. 这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。
四、当施事者难以指明时，汉语还可以采用通称或 泛称（如：人、人们、有人、大家、人家、别人、 某人等）作主语，以保持句子的主动形式。 It is said that…据说，有人说 It is generally considered that…人们普遍认为 如： He has often, not always justly, been accused of indecisiveness.
2.施事从上下文可以不言自明。如： She
told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct. She had been forbidden to appeal to her mistress. 没有讲明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何异 议，也不许她向女主人申诉。
被动语态的翻译
被动语态的翻译
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英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。 英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比 比皆是，汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中 的主语从句译在宾语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主 句译成一个独立语或分句。常见的固定结构如：
4) The monkeys were given sweet potatoes by scientists who wanted to attract them to the shore of an island.
科学家们给猴子白薯，想把它们引到海岛的岸边。
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被动语态的翻译
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B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句 1). His pride must be pinched. 他这股傲气应该打下去。
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被动语态的翻译
1.4 “It+ be+ past participle + that引导的从句”句型的翻译 A. 不加主语 It is hoped that... 希望…… It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that... 据说…… It is supposed that… 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that… 可以 毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that... 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that... 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that… 由此可见……
商务英语翻译8.2 被动语态的翻译
3. It may be said without fear of exaggeration that the newly-devised microcomputer can act as a guide to a blind person. 可以毫不夸张地说这种新设计的微型计算 机能够充任盲人的向导。
翻译练习
一、把下列句子译成汉语。 1. One of our principles is to see to it that contracts are honored and commercial integrity maintained. 2. We hope that this dispute can be settled through friendly negotiation without its being submitted for arbitration. 3. If the wrong goods were not delivered, we might have used this lot of goods to complete several orders. 4. Marketing is seen as the task of finding and stimulating buyers for the firm’s output. 5. The shipping quality and weight shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties.
1. Efforts should be made to promote the economic development. 应努力促进经济发展。 2. Two days are given to her for repairing this car. 给了她两天时间来修这辆车。 3. She ate less and less in the evening so that her weight may be decreased. 她晚上吃的越来越少，为的是减肥。
被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态的翻译技巧
被动语态是一种句子结构，在中文翻译中，可以使用以下技巧来表达被动语态：
1. 改变主谓结构：将主语变为宾语，将宾语（或部分宾语）变为主语。
例如，将英语句子"John was given a present by Mary."翻译成中文时，可以改为"玛丽给了约翰一份礼物。
"，将"John"变为宾语，将"Mary"变为主语。
3. 调整语序：在中文翻译中，可以根据需要来调整句子的语序，以表达被动意义。
例如，将英语句子"The letter was sent yesterday."翻译成中文时，可以调整语序为"昨天这封信被寄出了。
"，使得被动含义更明显。
4. 使用"被动"结构的句型：在中文中，有一些特定的句型可以表达被动意义，如"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构。
例如，将英语句子"The window was broken by the wind."翻译成中文时，可以使用"被+动词+主语+宾语"的结构，翻译为"窗户被风给吹坏了。
"。
以上是一些常用的被动语态的中文翻译技巧，具体的翻译方法还需要根据语境和句子结构进行灵活运用。
2020年考研英语翻译技巧：被动语态
2020年考研英语翻译技巧：被动语态被动语态在英语中的使用得比汉语要多，在英语中极为重要。
考研中常常涉及到这个问题。
一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或的执行者含糊不清时，多用被动语态。
主动和被动语态的对比：主动语态被动语态一般现在时①is\am\ are ②do/does(V.\V.s) am\is\ are +done(V. p.p)一般将来时will\be going to\be (about) to +do(V.) will +be +done(V. p.p)一般过去时①was\were ②did(V.-ed) was\were +done(V. p.p)现在实行时am\is\are +doing(V.-ing) am\is\are +doing +done(V. p.p)过去实行时was\were +doing(V.-ing) was\were +doing +done(V.p.p)现在完成时have\ has +done(V. p.p.) have\has +been +done(V. p.p)过去完成时had +done(V. p.p.) Had +been +done(V. p.p.)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be +done(V. p.p.)过去将来时would/should +V. would/should be + done(V. p.p.)翻译时有以下几种翻译方法：①译成汉语被动句：使用"被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为……所"等词。
②增加主语，即动作的实际发出者，或虚拟发出者。
③译成汉语无主句另外还有一些常用被动句型的习惯译法，需要平时积累，比如：It is hoped that... 希望……，有人希望……It is assumed that... 假设……，假定……It is claimed that... 据说……，有人主张……It is believed that... 有人想信……，大家相信……It is reported that... 据报道……，据通报……It is considered that... 人们认为……，据估计……It is said that... 据说……，有人说……【真题例句】It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.【解析】It is imagined by many //that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, //and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.主句：it is imagined，其中it为形式主语，而that引导的that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主语从句，为真正的主语。
英文翻译技巧被动语态的翻译
He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office. 他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street. 那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。
译成汉语主动句
增加主语 She was seen to enter the building about
the time the crime was committed. 有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。 What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world. 我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久记住。然而 我们在这儿所做的事，却能改变世界。
It was felt that... 有人认识到了
It is universally accepted that... 人们普遍认 为
It is unanimously agreed that... 大家一致同 意
It will be seen from this that... 由此可见，因此可知 It was noted above that... 前面已经指出 It must be admitted that... 必须承认，老实说 It has been illustrated that... 据图示，据说明 It is stressed that... 有人强调说 It is pointed out that... 有人推荐，有人建议 It is proposed that... 有人提出 It was told that... 有人曾经说 It was first intended that... 最初就有这样的想法 It will be said that... 有人会说
被动语态汉译
英语被动语态的汉译梁成功（洛阳师范学院外国语学院河南洛阳471022）英汉两种语言都有被动语态，但由于表达习惯上的差异，英语句式中被动语态的使用要广泛得多。
凡是不必说出施动者、不愿说出施动者或者是为了上下文的衔接顺畅等场合，往往使用被动语态。
相比之下，汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。
同一个意思，英语习惯用被动语态表示，汉语却往往用主动语态、无主句或判断句。
语态的使用不同，语气和情调也随之而异。
因此，英译汉时，必须注意被动语态的译法，不要过分拘泥于原文的被动结构，而要根据汉语的习惯，做灵活多样的处理，以保证译文通顺流畅地表达原意。
英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。
I. 译成汉语主动句，转换原句主语英语被动语态汉译时，常将原句中的某个成分，如状语、谓语等转译为汉语的主语，译成汉语的主动句。
1.1将原句中的状语成分译为主语1.1.1把表示行为者的介词短语译为主语The poor boy was looked down upon by them. 他们看不起那可怜的孩子。
And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，而且认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。
1,200 people had been saved by soldiers in the earthquake.在地震中，战士们已救出1200人。
1.1.2把句中地点状语译为主语某些被动句中并没有出现“by”引导的短语，但在翻译的过程中仍可使用原句主语作宾语的方法。
在这种情况下，可采用原句中作状语的介词短语中的名词做译文的主语，如：The compass was invented in China four thousand years ago.中国在四千年前发明了指南针。
被动语态的译法
因此，当我们在这个伟大国家里受到这样隆重和盛情的接待时，我认为中华人民共和国这样做是有重大意义的。
（三）“为……所”
1) These views of Marx and Engels have now been adopted by all proletarians who are fighting for their emancipation.
我们随时都会被出入机杨的敌机发现。
2) But shortly afterwards they heard that every single member of that first party had been captured by Spanish Froniter police and put into a concentration camp.
必须使组织上的领导能完全保证党的政治口号及其决议的实现。
5) Most letters from his wife, are read to him by the nurse in the hospital.
他的妻子给他的信件，大多数是由医院里的护士念给他听的。
It must be pointed out that... 必须指出……
It will be seen from this that... 由此可见……
2. 可加主语的
It is asserted that... 有人主张……
It is believed that... 有人相信（认为）……
英语中被动结构的句子译成汉语主动句可以有几种不同情况：
（一）原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语
1) The whole country was armed in a few days.
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第八节英语被动语态的翻译汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉语，因为英语重视形态（形式），汉语不重视形态，重视语感。
如：（1）海水不可斗量。
（2）文章总算写好了。
说汉语的人自古以来有一种主体思维方式，认为“成事者必在人”，施事者“尽在不言之中”。
所以很多被动关系不必一定用“被”字句。
一、被动语态的语义价值第一、被动语态有强调受事者，将它置于话题(topic)的主位的语用功能。
1).Peter was robbed to pay Paul.Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul.他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。
(他剜肉补疮。
）2).The happy man cannot be harried.吉人自有天相。
第二、被动语态有承接上句的修辞功能。
3）Many advances in computer technology took placein the twenty years after 1950.They are generallyclassified into four stages or generations.第三、被动语态在特定的语境中表达对主语的尊敬或说话者的谦恭。
4)Where can you be reached?在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什么地方？）5)When will I be interviewed?我什么时候来参加面试呢？第四、被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的话题持有某种客观态度，因而比较委婉。
6)He is said to be the most respected teacher inour Department.7)It is suggested that each speaker is allotedfive minutes.建议每位发言者讲话不要超过五分钟。
二、被动语态的翻译问题（一）译成汉语主动句1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的”4、常用被动句型的翻译5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短）（二）译成汉语被动句1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫”2、“（遭）受…”3、“为…所”4、“加以”“予以”“给以”（三）译成“把”“使”“由”字句（一）译成汉语主动句1、原文中的主语在译文中仍作主语1）His pride must be pinched.他这股傲气应该打下去。
2）The whole country was armed in a few days.几天以内全国武装起来了。
3）The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated.他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，还没有完全消除。
4）On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报导了一下。
5）A new instant Nespray has been put into the market in HongKong.新配方雀巢即溶奶粉在港上市。
作业：1)A new student is kept on probation for onesemester.2)With the outbreak of the war, flights werestepped up.3)Most of the questions have been settledsatisfactorily,only a few questions of secondaryimportance remain to be discussed.4)This liquid became mixed with the salt at roomtemperature.5)It should have been obvious that the plan wouldhave to be scrapped.2、原文中的主语在译文中作宾语1)By the end of the war 800 people had been saved by theorganization,but at a cost of over 200Belgian and French lives.大战终了时，这个组织拯救了八百人，但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。
2)It would be astonishing if that loss were not keenlyfelt.如果（人们）不强烈地感到损失，那倒是奇怪了。
3)Mr.Billings cannot be deterred from his plan.（人们）不能阻止比林斯先生实施他的计划。
4）Nearly 400 tons of accumulated rubbish wereremoved in five days.五天内运走了近四百吨堆积的垃圾。
作业：1)After a while an agreement was arrived at.2)A large sum of money has been put aside for thatpurpose.3)I am afraid I shall be laughed at.4)The workers were seen repairing the machine. 5）Agricultural technique spreading centers （农技推广中心）have been set up everywhere in thatprovince, helping farmers to do their work ina more scientific way.3、译成带表语的主动句“…的是…”或“……是……的”1）Poets are born,but orators are made.诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。
2)Footprints on the sands are not made by sitting down.沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。
（喻：不身体力行不足以成事。
）3)It’s crystal clear:what’s been schemed for in his planis power rather than money.很清楚，他这个计划图谋的是权，而不是钱。
4）The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
作业：1)Eventually, of course, the plan was abandoned.2)The ship was destined for London.3) Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through smalldrops of water in the sky.4、常用被动句型的翻译有一类以it作为形式主语的英语句子，在译文中要改成主动形式，有时不加主语，有时加不确定的主语。
1）不加主语时It is hoped that…希望…It is reported that…据报…It is said that……据说…It is supposed that…据推测…It may be said without fear of exaggeration that…可以毫不夸张地说…It must be admitted that…必须承认…It must be pointed out that…必须指出…It will be seen from this that…由此可见…1）可加主语的It is asserted that…有人主张…It is believed that…有人相信（认为）…It is generally considered that…大家认为…It is well known that…大家知道（众所周知）…It will be said that…有人会说…It was told that …有人曾经说…例句：1)It is said that a dying person tends torecollect his whole life, like seeing a film.据说人在弥留于人世之际都要回顾他的一生，就像看一部影片，一切历历在目。
2)It’s believed that her plans for a movie careerhad all been merely a pipe dream.有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些不切实际的幻想罢了。
5、用“在…下”式（主动式动词+介短）1)Many lives were destroyed by the robbers.Butnone left the village.许多人都死在盗匪手下，但无人离村出走。
(二)译成汉语被动句1、“被…”或“给…”“让”“叫”1）The company was forbidden to use false advertising.这家公司被禁止使用虚假广告。
2）Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
3)I started to explain that I could not do my best sincemy glasses had been taken away from me, butshe wouldn’t let me finish.我开始解释，我不可能干得很好，因为我的眼镜已给拿走了，但她不准我讲完。
作业:1)Hitler was also washed away by the storms of history.2)Robert Finn was dismissed by the boss of the factory.3)Part or all of the light may be reflected, absorbed ortransmitted by the thing or object that comesinto its way.4)Running water has long been used to turn the wheels ofindustry.2、“（遭）受…”1）Two super go players from Japan were defeated one after another.日本两位围棋高手接连受挫。