2019届广东省深圳市高级中学高三适应性考试(6月) 解析版
广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试(6月)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面文字,完成各题。
公共危机主要是指对社会公众生命、健康与财产安全造成严重损失的自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件与社会安全事件。
人类正在从工业社会向后工业社会迈进,公共危机表现出不同以往的新特点,对工业社会建立起来的以控制为导向型的危机管理模式提出严峻挑战。
作为维护国家安全与公共安全的一种重要手段,公共危机管理必须在总体国家安全观指导下,直面我国从工业社会向后工业社会转型的现实,积极探索适应时代需要的模式变革。
公共危机管理也被称为突发事件应急管理。
按照传统观念,公共危机管理与公共安全相对应,而与国家安全鲜有关联。
这是因为国家安全与公共安全分别主要指称国家的外部安全与内部安全,二者没有交集。
如今,在总体国家安全观框架下,国家安全理念将内外部安全整合在一起。
今天的公共危机管理具有双重使命:一是有效预防、应对公共危机,最大限度地限制、控制其影响,确保公众的生命、健康与财产安全;二是防止公共危机传导、放大、演化为国家安全危机。
不确定性是我们今天所处时代的一个重要特征。
我们难以根据既往的经验或对未来精准的预测来全面把握公共危机的缘起、演进,它们往往会超越人的常规思维。
公共危机越发不受地理边界或职能边界的限制,具有较强的传播与扩散能力。
在全球化时代,关键基础设施在世界范围高度互联,其崩溃将造成全球供应链中断,引发公共危机的全球跨境传播。
2011年泰国发生洪突,淹没了众多生产金业,由于泰国生产全球28%的硬盘驱动器,洪灾发生后,世界各地的笔记本电脑等产品生产受到影响。
进入21世纪后,以控制为导向的工业社会危机管理模式的有效性受到空前的挑战与质疑。
工业社会对一切事物进行严格、精确的控制,以产生所追求的秩序,公共危机管理者可以按照控制的逻辑,构建应急组织并采取按部就班的响应行动。
但是,以控制为导向的危机管理模式适合应对复杂程度低、确定性强的突发事件,而不适合应对复杂程度高、不确定性强的突发事件。
而且,控制需要拥有清晰职责边界的响应组织。
后工业社会公共危机具有高度的复杂性和强大的跨界性使清晰的职责边界,变得形同虚设、破绽百出。
在后工业社会这样一个网络化社会,公共危机的影响沿着社会网络中的关系链条扩散、菱延,形成一个异常纠结的局面。
从某种意又上讲,公共危机也形成一个复杂的影响网络,应对网络化危机需要采取网络化模式。
公共危机的应对不仅是每个社会单无的职责,还是每个社会成员的职责。
各个相关主体之间要形成密切协同关系,特别是要建立良好的信息共享机制,通过广泛、深入的合作,对公共危机开展有效的共同治理:最后共同享有公共危机治理的收益与成果。
1. 下列关于原文内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是A. 公共危机管理应针对社会转型的新变化、公共危机的新特点,探索新模式。
B. 相比于传统观念,现今对公共安全定位的认识应调换到国家外部安全层面。
C. 当今转型社会的公共危机表现出复杂性高、不确定性强、跨界性大等特征。
D. 构建多元共治共享的网络化危机管理模式是时代的要求和国家安全的需要。
2. 下列对原文论证的相关分析,不正确的一项是A. 从公共危机新特点到公共危机管理新模式,文章既分析问题又指出解决问题的思路。
B. 文章以泰国洪灾导致国外企业受影响的事实,论证现今公共危机具有跨界性的观点。
C. 文章着重比较工业社会和后工业社会的不同特征,以强调公共危机管理应因时而变。
D. 文章通过对网络化社会公共危机特点的揭示,阐明应该采用网络化模式应对的理由。
3. 根据原文内容,下列说法正确的一项是A. 基于总体国家安全观,防止公共危机演化为国家安全危机比预防公共危机产生更重要。
B. 只有打破常规思维以及加强精确控制,才能应对复杂程度高、不确定性强的突发事件。
C. 响应组织的职责边界不再清晰,使得以控制为导向的危机管理模式的有效性受到质疑。
D. 网络时代公共危机的演进、影响更难测、复杂,其演化为国家安全危机的可能性也更大。
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D【解析】【1题详解】此题考查学生把握文章主要内容和筛选信息的能力。
解答此类题时,阅读一定要细致,要回到原文中逐句比较。
依据文意,力求明辨各选项表述的正误。
特别要注意其中的细枝末节的毛病,例如事件的前后倒置、内容上的归纳不完整、中心概括上的无中生有、片面遗漏、强拉硬连、任意拔高等等。
此题中,B项,“现今对公共安全定位的认识应调换到国家外部安全层面”分析错误,原文中,“如今,在总体国家安全观框架下,国家安全理念将内外部安全整合在一起”,现在“国家安全”与“公共安全”已经整合在一起。
故选B。
【2题详解】此题考查学生对文本论证的分析能力。
议论文论证就是用论据(事实论据、道理论据)证明论点的过程。
要梳理清楚论证思路,要熟练掌握常见的论证方法(举例论证、道理论证、对比论证、比喻论证等)及其作用。
最后对选项进行仔细解读,明辨正误。
此题中,C项,“文章着重比较工业社会和后工业社会的不同特征”分析错误,文章对工业社会的特征分析只用几句话,即对一切事物进行严格、精确的控制,适合以控制为导向的危机管理模式。
重点分析后工业社会的特征,指出“网络化社会”需要采取网络化模式。
故选C。
【3题详解】此题考查学生把握文章内容要点、分析作者观点态度的能力。
此类题目,解答时应先根据选项确定原文信息所在的位置,并结合上下文语境进行理解,再把备选项与原文内容对照,看有没有于文无据、因果倒置、偷换概念、范围缩小、混淆关系、轻重范围失当的错误。
此题中,A项分析错误,原文中说“今天的公共危机管理具有双重使命”,一是有效预防、应对公共危机;二是防止公共危机演化为国家安全危机。
二者同等重要。
B项分析错误,在当代,后工业社会中,不确定性决定了“加强精确控制”已没有可能,应对网络化危机需要采取网络化模式。
C项,“响应组织的职责边界不再清晰”分析错误,是“具有高度的复杂性和强大的跨界性”的公共危机“使清晰的职责边界变得形同虚设、破绽百出”。
D项分析正确。
故选D。
(二)实用文本阅读(本题共3题,12分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:2018年9月17日至19日,人工智能进入“上海时间”。
为期3天的2018世界人工智能大会,吸引全球顶尖科学家、著名企业家和创新创业领军人物齐聚一堂,展示了人工智能在无人驾驶、医疗、金融、教育等多个领域的前沿技术和广阔前景。
空前的盛况、广泛的关注,反映出人工智能对经济社会发展的重要意义。
我国连续6年成为工业机器人第一消费大国,人工智能市场规模年均增长率超过40%,语音、视觉识别技术世界领先,阿里巴巴、科大讯飞、依图等一批企业成为全球人工智能领域的有力竞争者……近年来,中国人工智能发展,逐步走出了一条需求导向引领商业模式创新、市场应用倒逼基础理论和关键技术创新的独特发展路径。
但也应看到,我国企业目前仍主要凭借丰富的数据、巨大的应用需求和开放的市场环境累积优势,而发达国家科技行业则依旧掌控着全球人工智能的技术优势和发展趋势,并在基础理论、核心算法以及关键设备、高端芯片方面大幅领先。
这样的情况下,尤其需要我们瞄准核心关键技术和基础前沿理论,迎头追赶、久久为功。
(摘编自《人工智能是接地气的科技力量,要下好“先手棋”》,《人民日报》2018年09月19日)材料二:人工智能领域人才供需差距为何如此大?相关运用不断突破,促进各国不断部署人工智能发展战略,但是人才培养需要有一个渐进的过程,这是人工智能领域人才供需失衡的主要原因。
得益于数据、算力和算法的集中突破,人工智能近年来开始进入落地实践阶段。
以深度学习为主要代表的人工智能技术正在语音识别、数据挖掘、自然语言处理等领域展露强劲发展势头,相关应用突破还可能给医疗、交通、制造、金融、教育等领域带来巨变。
正是看到其巨大潜力,全球各主要国家纷纷开始部署人工智能发展战略。
美国、法国、英国、德国、日本、俄罗斯纷纷加入新一轮人工智能技术发展的“军备竞赛”。
统计显示,目前中国人工智能企业已经超过1000家。
而根据腾讯研究院发布的《中美两国人工智能产业发展全面解读》报告,2017年中国有592家人工智能企业,员工数量为3.92万人。
在人才培养模式方面,由于中国高校在较长时间内没有人工智能专业,这也导致了国内相关人才供给不足。
(《人工智能领域人才紧缺》,《人民日报》2018年12月03日)材料三:2018人工智能促进协会(AAAI)会议提交和入选的论文数量2018AI论文加权引用概况注:加权引用(FWCI)是AI作者在该地区接收的平均引用次数,除以所有AI作者的平均引用次数(摘编自《斯坦福2018全球AI报告,七大维度数据公开》《参考消息》(2018年03月25日)材料四:记者:如何认识目前我国学校开展人工智能教育的情况?李德毅:当前,高中生的人工智能教育刚刚尝试。
在高等教育阶段,高职学生的人工智能教育还处于无序状态。
高职院校大多在计算机专业里开设零星的人工智能课程,教材零乱,深浅不一,更缺少技能型、应用型训练和应用型创新工匠的培养。
本科生在校学习智能科学和技术的课程,以选修为主,一般不超过4个学分,仅占总学分的四十分之一,远远不能满足社会对智能人才的需求。
研究生的人工智能教育有“高开低走”现象。
例如,清华大学在计算机科学与技术专业的研究生教学课程45个学分中,人工智能研究方向的课程不到10个学分;在控制科学与工程专业的研究生中,人工智能研究方向不到6个学分;在电子科学与技术的研究生教学课程中,甚至没有人工智能课程。
(摘编自董洪亮《怎样对学生进行人工智能教育(前沿访谈)——专访中国工程院院士、中国人工智能学会理事长李德毅》,《人民日报》2018年08月23日)4. 下列对材料三相关内容的理解和分析,不正确的一项是()A. 2018年 AAAI会议提交和入选的论文中,中美论文数量巨大。
表明在人工智能研究领域,中国和美国远超世界其他国家和地区。
B. 2018年 AAAI会议中,中国虽然论文提交数量多,但入选论文数和美国相差无几,表明中国我国人工智能整体发展水平与美国相比仍存在差距。
C. 2000到2015年,美国论文加权引用略有波动,但总体呈上升趋势,欧洲论文加权引用则较为平稳,二者均高于世界平均水平。
D. 2000到2015年,中国论文加权引用已大幅增加,但仍低于世界平均水平,表明中国在人工智能方面的研究质量需进一步提高。
5. 下列对材料相关内容的概括和分析,正确的一项是()A. 人工智能领域人才供需失衡,主要原因是各国不断部署人工智能发展战略,力求集中突破该领域的数据、算力和算法。
B. 2017到2018年,中国人工智能企业的数量大幅度增长,表明我国掌控了全球人工智能的发展趋势和技术优势。
2019年高考物理母题题源系列专题01运动图象(含解析)
母题01 运动图象【母题来源一】2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理(浙江卷)【母题原题】(2019·浙江)一辆汽车沿平直道路行驶,其v –t 图象如图所示。
在t =0到t =40 s 这段时间内,汽车的位移是A .0B .30 mC .750 mD .1 200 m【答案】C【解析】在v –t 图像中图线与时间轴围成的面积表示位移,故在40 s 内的位移为()()1104030m 750m 2x =⨯+⨯=,C 正确。
【母题来源二】2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试物理(全国III 卷)【母题原题】(2019·新课标全国Ⅲ卷)如图(a ),物块和木板叠放在实验台上,物块用一不可伸长的细绳与固定在实验台上的力传感器相连,细绳水平。
t =0时,木板开始受到水平外力F 的作用,在t =4 s 时撤去外力。
细绳对物块的拉力f 随时间t 变化的关系如图(b )所示,木板的速度v 与时间t 的关系如图(c )所示。
木板与实验台之间的摩擦可以忽略。
重力加速度取g =10 m/s 2。
由题给数据可以得出A .木板的质量为1 kgB .2 s~4 s 内,力F 的大小为0.4 NC .0~2 s 内,力F 的大小保持不变D .物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.2 【答案】AB【解析】结合两图像可判断出0~2 s 物块和木板还未发生相对滑动,它们之间的摩擦力为静摩擦力,此过程力F 等于f ,故F 在此过程中是变力,即C 错误;2~5 s 内木板与物块发生相对滑动,摩擦力转变为滑动摩擦力,由牛顿运动定律,对2~4 s 和4~5 s 列运动学方程,可解出质量m 为1 kg ,2~4 s 内的力F 为0.4 N ,故A 、B 正确;由于不知道物块的质量,所以无法计算它们之间的动摩擦因数μ,故D 错误。
【命题意图】本类题通常主要考查对位移、路程、速度、速率、平均速度、时间、时刻、加速度等基本运动概念的理解以及对牛顿第二定律、直线运动规律、功、功率等物理概念与规律的理解与简单的应用。
考点40 空间几何体的三视图(解析版)
考点40 空间几何体的三视图1.(河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评理)如图,网格纸上小正方形的边长为1,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则此几何体的各个面中是直角三角形的个数为()A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【答案】C【解析】三视图还原为如图所示三棱锥A-BCD:BC BCD ACD为直角三角形,ABD为正三角形由正方体的性质得A,,故选:C2.(辽宁省葫芦岛市普通高中2019届高三第二次模拟考试理)某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的表面积()A .5πB .6πC .62π+D .52π+【答案】D 【解析】由三视图可知,该几何体为两个半圆柱构成,其表面积为22π1π12π11215π2⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯=+,故选D.3.(山东省栖霞市2019届高三高考模拟卷理)某空间几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的外接球半径为( )A .2B .3C .5D .22【答案】C 【解析】由三视图可知三棱锥的直观图如图:由三视图可知底面三角形是边长为2,顶角120︒的三角形,所以外接圆半径可由正弦定理得;224sin30r ==︒,由侧面为两等腰直角三角形,可确定出外接圆圆心,利用球的几何性质可确定出球心,且球心到底面的距离1d =,所以球半径225R d r +=,故选C.4.(河南省百校联盟2019届高三考前仿真试卷理)已知一个几何体的三视图如图所示,则被挖去的几何体的侧面积的最大值为( )A .3πB .2πC .3π D .22π 【答案】A 【解析】根据三视图,圆锥内部挖去的部分为一个圆柱,设圆柱的高为h ,底面半径为r ,则323h r-=,∴332h r =-.故232233(2)3(1)132rh r r r r r S πππππ⎛⎫⎡⎤=-=-=--+ ⎪⎣=⎦ ⎪⎭侧,当1r =,S 侧的最大值为3π.5.(江西省上饶市横峰中学2019届高三考前模拟考试理)如图所示的网格是由边长为1的小正方形构成,粗线画出的是某几何体的三视图,则该几何体的体积为( )A .40B .103C .163D .803【答案】D【解析】根据几何体三视图可得,该几何体是三棱柱BCE AGF -割去一个三棱锥A BCD -所得的几何体;如图所示:所以其体积为11118044444423223V ⎛⎫=⨯⨯⨯-⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭. 故选D6.某几何体的三视图如图所示,则该几何体的外接球的体积是( )A .23B 3C .3πD .3π 【答案】B 【解析】解:根据几何体的三视图,该几何体是由一个正方体切去一个正方体的一角得到的. 故:该几何体的外接球为正方体的外接球,所以:球的半径222111322r ++==,则:3433322V ππ⎛⎫=⋅⋅= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭. 故选:B .7.(湖北省黄冈中学2019届高三第三次模拟考试理)已知一个简单几何体的三视图如图所示,若该几何体的体积为2448π+,则r =( )A .1B .2C .3D .4【答案】B 【解析】通过三视图可知:该几何体是一个三棱锥和14圆锥组成的几何体,设组合体的体积为V , 所以21111943342448,24332V r r r r r r ππ=⨯⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯⨯=⇒+=,故本题选B.8.(山东省实验中学等四校2019届高三联合考试理)某三棱锥的三视图如图所示,则此三棱锥的外接球表面积是( )A .163πB .283πC .11πD .323π【答案】B 【解析】解:根据几何体得三视图转换为几何体为:该几何体为:下底面为边长为2的等边三角形,有一长为2的侧棱垂直于下底面的三棱锥体, 故:下底面的中心到底面顶点的长为:233, 所以:外接球的半径为:22232171393R ⎛⎫=+==⎪ ⎪⎝⎭故:外接球的表面积为:27284433S R πππ==⋅=. 故选:B .9.(广东省深圳市深圳外国语学校2019届高三第二学期第一次热身考试)一个几何体的三视图如图所示(其中正视图的弧线为四分之一圆周),则该几何体的表面积为( )A .72+6πB .72+4πC .48+6πD .48+4π【答案】A【解析】由三视图知,该几何体由一个正方体的34部分与一个圆柱的14部分组合而成(如图所示),其表面积为16×2+(16-4+π)×2+4×(2+2+π)=72+6π. 故答案为:A.10.(北京市房山区2019年第二次高考模拟检测高三数学理)已知某四面体的三视图如图所示,正视图、侧视图、俯视图是全等的等腰直角三角形,则该四面体的四个面中直角三角形的个数为( )A.4B.3C.2D.1【答案】A【解析】由三视图可知该几何体如下图所示,CB⊥AB,CB⊥DA,DA∩AB=A,所以,CB⊥平面DAB,所以,CB⊥BD,即△DBC是直角三角形,因此,△ABC,△DAB,△DAC,△DBC都是直角三角形,所以,选A.11.(甘肃省兰州市第一中学2019届高三6月最后高考冲刺模拟数学理)榫卯是我国古代工匠极为精巧的发明,它是在两个构件上采用凹凸部位相结合的一种连接方式。
2019年6月广东省深圳市高级中学高三高考适应性考试理科综合试题及答案
绝密★启用前广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三高考适应性考试理科综合试题2019年6月本试卷分选择题和非选择题,共 13页,满分300分,考试时间150分钟(09:00-11:30)可能用到的相对原子质量: H 1 ; O 16; N 14; S 32; Fe 56 ; Ba 137第Ⅰ卷(选择题共126分)一、选择题:本题共13小题,每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1.人成骨细胞能合成和分泌一种骨形态发生蛋白,该蛋白质在骨骼的生长、发育中具有重要作用。
下列有关说法正确的是A.骨形态发生蛋白基因只存在于部分组织细胞中B.骨形态发生蛋白基因的表达依赖于逆转录酶C.骨形态发生蛋白的合成、加工和分泌需线粒体供能D.肝细胞和骨细胞是骨形态发生蛋白作用的靶细胞2.科学家研究发现,叶绿体中色素接受了太阳光的能量后,激发了一系列的电子传递过程,同时将水光解。
下列叙述错误的是A.水光解发生在类囊体薄膜上,其产物是[H]和氧B.水的光解速率与色素含量、光照强度等有关C.类囊体薄膜上合成ATP所需的能量来自叶绿体色素吸收的光能D.水光解产生的[H]和氧,可在细胞中直接参与有氧呼吸3.遗传学的研究使人们对基因的认识经历了多个重要的阶段。
下列对科学家的研究或成果的描述,不正确的是A.孟德尔提出基因是控制生物性状遗传的遗传物质B.摩尔根的研究表明基因的物质载体是染色体C.科学家普遍认为基因是决定蛋白质结构中氨基酸序列的遗传物质单位D.沃森和克里克提出了DNA分子双螺旋结构模型4.一个A型血友病(用B和b表示一对等位基因)患者家系图如图所示。
下列说法错误的是A.该病有隔代遗传倾向,属于伴X染色体隐性遗传病B.该致病基因在亲代与子代间的传递只能由母亲传给其儿子C.该家族Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2个体的基因型分别为X B X b、X B YD.Ⅲ-1的父母再生一个健康孩子的几率是3/45.数学方法在生态学研究中广泛应用,而每个数学模型的应用都具有一定的限度和范围。
广东省深圳市高级中学2020届高三适应性考试(6月)英语试题(含答案)
深圳高级中学高考适应性考试英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15分,每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题给出的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
ABritish MuseumLocated in Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, the British Museum houses a vastcollection of world art and artifacts an d is free to all visitors. The British Museum’s remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture, and ithas more than 7 million objects, so it would probably take a week to see everything.Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone and Egyptian mummies.Admission and opening timesFree, open daily 10:00 to 17:30.Open until 20:30 on Fridays, except Good Friday.Closed on 24, 25 and 26 December and 1 January.Large luggage, suitcases and cabin baggageFor everyone’s safety, all bags, packages and personal items may be searched before entry. Wheeled cases and large items of luggage are not allowed in the British Museum f or safety and security reasons. Storage for luggage is available at major rail stations,including Euston, King’s Cross and Charing Cross.MembershipMembership allows you to discover 2 million years of human history with free unlimited entry to special exhibitions, an exclusive discount offer on magazine subscription andmany more benefits.Individual membership:£74Under 26 membership:£54Young friends (aged 8---15):£25ShopsThe museum has four shops where you can buy books, souvenirs, and family gifts.21.When can you visit the British Museum?A. At 9:00 on Friday.B. At 12:00 on Monday.C. On Christmas Day.D. On Good Friday.22.Where can visitors store their large luggage?A. At major train stations.B. At some crossings.C. In the hall of the Museum.D. At the entrance to the Museum.23. If two friends aged 14 and 18 apply for membership of the Museum, how much should they pay?A.£25.B.£79.C.£50.D.£148.BGwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around theworld for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.Her poems described conditions among the poor, racial inequality and drug use in theblack community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. But her skillwas more than her ability to write about struggling black people. She was an expert atthe language of poetry. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many back people live. In her poems, the South Side is calledBronzeville. It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the blackexperience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen. Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife andmother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and being poor. Ms. Brooks said thatwinning the prize changed her life.Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha, Maud Martha receivedlittle notice when it was first published. But now it is considered an important work bysome c ritics. Its main ideas about the difficult life of many w omen a re popular among f emale writers today.In some of her poems, Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are. One example is this poem, Corners on the Curing Sky.By the end of the 1960s, Gwendolyn Brooks's poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.24.What does the text mainly talk about?A. The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.B. The understanding about black culture.C. The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.D. The struggles of black women.25. What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?A. She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.B. Her poems were mainly about the African experienceC. Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.D. She was good at using the language of poetry26. How does the author mainly develop the passage?A. By providing examples.B. By using statistics.C. By comparing opinions.D. By describing her experiences.27. What would the author most probably talk about in the next part?A. The difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet.B. The poems related to political issues.C. The awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained.D. The racial inequality the black had toface.CMost of us struggle through the time it takes to get a cup of coffee to our lips onceour alarms go off. Luckily, this coffee-brewing alarm clock could make those few strugglingminutes practically disappear.An alarm clock that brews a fresh pot of coffee as soon as you wake up actually exists, and you can buy it right now. Thanks to the Barisieur, your morning time will never bethe same.Here’s how it works: Before you go to bed, fill the glass container with water andpour ground coffee into the filter (过滤器). Not a black coffee drinker?Not to worry --- special drawers keep your cream cold and store your sugar, too.Then, just set your alarm and go to sleep. This machine will take care of the rest.A few minutes before your alarm goes off next morning, the Barisieur will begin tobrew your coffee. And voila! A hot cup of coffee is waiting for you when your alarm ringsand you open your eyes. You won’t even have to leave your bed.London designer Joshua Renouf designed this invention himself, raising over $500,000 through donations on IndieGoGo. Coffee lovers should act fast and put in a pre-order onthe website now, paying just $300. Otherwise, you have to wait until it hits stores andpay $420.Owning one of these clocks will be totally worth it. Nothing says “seize the day” quite like waking up to a pot of freshly brewed coffee, after all. Also, the machine isn’t limited to making coffee only in the morning. You can go out and return home with a hotcup of coffee waiting for you.28. Why does the author mention the struggle?A. To show making coffee is challenging.B. To show coffee can make us feel better.C. To show the coffee-brewing alarm clock is great.D. To show it is difficult to get up early in the morning.29. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The Barisieur.B. The morning time.C. A hot cup of coffee.D. The glass container.30. What’s the benefit of pre-ordering the clock on the website now?A. You can get one much earlier.B. You can get one at a great discount.C. You can get donations from its designer.D. You may have a chance to meet Joshua Renouf.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To tell us how to make coffee easily.B. To advertise a new product in a store.C. To recommend a special kind of alarm clock.D. To compare traditional alarm clocks and new ones.DAsk any readers who their favorite fictional character in a novel is and you’ll likely get a detailed explanation about the beloved character that they admire. It might evensound like they’re talking about a person they know.In a study, researchers looked at the brains of a group of people over nine days. Half of the group read the novel Pompeii, and half didn’t. After examining, researchers found the readers’ brains showed heightened connectivity (连通性) in some a reas. This is likely because the brain imagines the movement and emotions of the character they read about inthe book. Even though the participants were then asked not to read the novel, they keptthis heightened connectivity. We call that a “shadow activity”, a lmost like a muscle memory. So even after you’ve finished a book, your brain keeps those benefits for sometime afterwards.It has been suggested that people who read a lot of fiction become more empathic (移情作用的), because fiction is a simulation (模仿) of social experiences, in which people practice and improve their interpersonal skills. The people who not only read fiction,but felt a high level of “emotional transportation” while reading --- as compared to people who weren’t taken by the story or who read non-fiction---displayed higher levels of empathy when tested. Increase of empathy is important for people because empathy ispositively related to creativity, performance at work and cooperative behaviors.Besides, reading improves “Theory of Mind”. It is “the ability to understand thatothers have mental states that are different from one’s own.” Of various activities,reading novels has been found to improve this ability, while watching television programs or movies has been found to do just the opposite --- a reduced understanding of othersand weaker cognitive (认知的) development overall.Maybe we should put more of a priority on novel-reading. And many r eaders believe that reading a novel is far better and more meaningful than watching any movie. As David Kiddof the New School study said, “Fiction is not just a simulator of a social experience;it is a social experience.” 32. What is implied in the Paragraph 2?A. Reading novels is just a waste of time.B. Reading novels can help people become happy.C. Reading novels increases connectivity in our brain.D. Reading novels helps enhance our memory greatly.33. What do we know about novel readers from Paragraph 3?A. They tend to be emotional in social experiences.B. They understand the emotions of people better.C. They like to talk about their favorite characters.D. They are more sensitive to everything.34. What’s the effect of watching TV or movies?A. It distinguishes your views from those of others.B. It contributes to your cognitive development.C. It reduces your empathy for others a lot.D. It changes your overall mental states.35. What does the underlined word “priority” in the last paragraph mean?A. Preference.B. Authority.C. Exposure.D. Evaluation.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019年高考真题和模拟题分项汇编数学(理):专题08 数列(含解析)
专题08 数列1.【2019年高考全国I 卷理数】记n S 为等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和.已知4505S a ==,,则 A .25n a n =-B .310n a n =-C .228n S n n =-D .2122n S n n =- 【答案】A【解析】由题知,41514430245d S a a a d ⎧=+⨯⨯=⎪⎨⎪=+=⎩,解得132a d =-⎧⎨=⎩,∴25n a n =-,24n S n n =-,故选A . 【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差数列通项公式与前n 项和公式,渗透方程思想与数学计算等素养.利用等差数列通项公式与前n 项公式即可列出关于首项与公差的方程,解出首项与公差,再适当计算即可做了判断.2.【2019年高考全国III 卷理数】已知各项均为正数的等比数列{}n a 的前4项和为15,且53134a a a =+,则3a = A .16 B .8C .4D .2【答案】C【解析】设正数的等比数列{a n }的公比为q ,则231111421111534a a q a q a q a q a q a ⎧+++=⎨=+⎩, 解得11,2a q =⎧⎨=⎩,2314a a q ∴==,故选C .【名师点睛】本题利用方程思想求解数列的基本量,熟练应用公式是解题的关键.3.【2019年高考浙江卷】设a ,b ∈R ,数列{a n }满足a 1=a ,a n +1=a n 2+b ,n *∈N ,则A . 当101,102b a => B . 当101,104b a => C . 当102,10b a =-> D . 当104,10b a =->【答案】A【解析】①当b =0时,取a =0,则0,n a n *=∈N .②当<0b 时,令2x x b =+,即20x x b -+=.则该方程140b ∆=->,即必存在0x ,使得2000x x b -+=,511711,12162a =>>+,【名师点睛】遇到此类问题,不少考生会一筹莫展.利用函数方程思想,通过研究函数的不动点,进一步讨论a 的可能取值,利用“排除法”求解.4.【2019年高考全国I 卷理数】记S n 为等比数列{a n }的前n 项和.若214613a a a ==,,则S 5=____________.【答案】1213【解析】设等比数列的公比为q ,由已知21461,3a a a ==,所以32511(),33q q =又0q ≠, 所以3,q =所以55151(13)(1)12131133a q S q --===--. 【名师点睛】准确计算,是解答此类问题的基本要求.本题由于涉及幂的乘方运算、繁分式的计算,部分考生易出现运算错误.5.【2019年高考全国III 卷理数】记S n 为等差数列{a n }的前n 项和,12103a a a =≠,,则105S S =___________. 【答案】4【解析】设等差数列{a n }的公差为d ,因213a a =,所以113a d a +=,即12a d =,所以105S S =11111091010024542552a d a a a d⨯+==⨯+. 【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差数列的性质、基本量的计算.渗透了数学运算素养.使用转化思想得出答案. 6.【2019年高考北京卷理数】设等差数列{a n }的前n 项和为S n ,若a 2=−3,S 5=−10,则a 5=__________,S n 的最小值为__________. 【答案】 0,10-.【解析】等差数列{}n a 中,53510S a ==-,得32,a =-又23a =-,所以公差321d a a =-=,5320a a d =+=, 由等差数列{}n a 的性质得5n ≤时,0n a ≤,6n ≥时,n a 大于0,所以n S 的最小值为4S 或5S ,即为10-.【名师点睛】本题考查等差数列的通项公式、求和公式、等差数列的性质,难度不大,注重重要知识、基础知识、基本运算能力的考查.7.【2019年高考江苏卷】已知数列*{}()n a n ∈N 是等差数列,n S 是其前n 项和.若25890,27a a a S +==,则8S 的值是_____. 【答案】16【解析】由题意可得:()()()25811191470989272a a a a d a d a d S a d ⎧+=++++=⎪⎨⨯=+=⎪⎩, 解得:152a d =-⎧⎨=⎩,则8187840282162S a d ⨯=+=-+⨯=. 【名师点睛】等差数列、等比数列的基本计算问题,是高考必考内容,解题过程中要注意应用函数方程思想,灵活应用通项公式、求和公式等,构建方程(组),如本题,从已知出发,构建1a d ,的方程组.8.【2019年高考全国II 卷理数】已知数列{a n }和{b n }满足a 1=1,b 1=0,1434n n n a a b +-=+,1434n n n b b a +-=-. (I )证明:{a n +b n }是等比数列,{a n –b n }是等差数列; (II )求{a n }和{b n }的通项公式. 【答案】(I )见解析;(2)1122n n a n =+-,1122nn b n =-+. 【解析】(1)由题设得114()2()n n n n a b a b +++=+,即111()2n n n n a b a b +++=+. 又因为a 1+b 1=l ,所以{}n n a b +是首项为1,公比为12的等比数列. 由题设得114()4()8n n n n a b a b ++-=-+,即112n n n n a b a b ++-=-+. 又因为a 1–b 1=l ,所以{}n n a b -是首项为1,公差为2的等差数列. (2)由(1)知,112n n n a b -+=,21n n a b n -=-. 所以111[()()]222n n n n n n a a b a b n =++-=+-, 111[()()]222n n n n n n b a b a b n =+--=-+.9.【2019年高考北京卷理数】已知数列{a n },从中选取第i 1项、第i 2项、…、第i m 项(i 1<i 2<…<i m ),若12m i i i a a a <<⋅⋅⋅<,则称新数列12m i i i a a a ⋅⋅⋅,,,为{a n }的长度为m 的递增子列.规定:数列{a n }的任意一项都是{a n }的长度为1的递增子列.(Ⅰ)写出数列1,8,3,7,5,6,9的一个长度为4的递增子列;(Ⅱ)已知数列{a n }的长度为p 的递增子列的末项的最小值为0m a ,长度为q 的递增子列的末项的最小值为0n a .若p <q ,求证:0m a <0n a ;(Ⅲ)设无穷数列{a n }的各项均为正整数,且任意两项均不相等.若{a n }的长度为s 的递增子列末项的最小值为2s –1,且长度为s 末项为2s –1的递增子列恰有2s -1个(s =1,2,…),求数列{a n }的通项公式. 【答案】(Ⅰ) 1,3,5,6(答案不唯一);(Ⅱ)见解析;(Ⅲ)见解析. 【解析】(Ⅰ)1,3,5,6.(答案不唯一) (Ⅱ)设长度为q 末项为0n a 的一个递增子列为1210,,,,q r r r n a a a a -.由p <q ,得10p q r r n a a a -≤<.因为{}n a 的长度为p 的递增子列末项的最小值为0m a , 又12,,,p r r r a a a 是{}n a 的长度为p 的递增子列,所以0p m r a a ≤. 所以00m n a a <·(Ⅲ)由题设知,所有正奇数都是{}n a 中的项.先证明:若2m 是{}n a 中的项,则2m 必排在2m −1之前(m 为正整数). 假设2m 排在2m −1之后. 设121,,,,21m p p p a a a m --是数列{}n a 的长度为m 末项为2m −1的递增子列,则121,,,,21,2m p p p a a a m m --是数列{}n a 的长度为m +1末项为2m 的递增子列.与已知矛盾.再证明:所有正偶数都是{}n a 中的项.假设存在正偶数不是{}n a 中的项,设不在{}n a 中的最小的正偶数为2m .因为2k 排在2k −1之前(k =1,2,…,m −1),所以2k 和21k -不可能在{}n a 的同一个递增子列中.又{}n a 中不超过2m +1的数为1,2,…,2m −2,2m −1,2m +1,所以{}n a 的长度为m +1且末项为2m +1的递增子列个数至多为1(1)22221122m m m --⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯=<个.与已知矛盾.最后证明:2m 排在2m −3之后(m ≥2为整数).假设存在2m (m ≥2),使得2m 排在2m −3之前,则{}n a 的长度为m +1且末项为2m +l 的递增子列的个数小于2m.与已知矛盾.综上,数列{}n a 只可能为2,1,4,3,…,2m −3,2m ,2m −1,…. 经验证,数列2,1,4,3,…,2m −3,2m ,2m −1,…符合条件. 所以1,1,n n n a n n +⎧=⎨-⎩为奇数,为偶数.【名师点睛】“新定义”主要是指即时定义新概念、新公式、新定理、新法则、新运算五种,然后根据此新定义去解决问题,有时还需要用类比的方法去理解新的定义,这样有助于对新定义的透彻理解.但是,透过现象看本质,它们考查的还是基础数学知识,所以说“新题”不一定是“难题”,掌握好三基,以不变应万变才是制胜法宝.10.【2019年高考天津卷理数】设{}n a 是等差数列,{}n b 是等比数列.已知1122334,622,24a b b a b a ===-=+,. (Ⅰ)求{}n a 和{}n b 的通项公式;(Ⅱ)设数列{}n c 满足111,22,2,1,,k k n kk c n c b n +=⎧<<=⎨=⎩其中*k ∈N . (i )求数列(){}221n n a c -的通项公式; (ii )求()2*1ni ii a c n =∈∑N .【答案】(Ⅰ)31n a n =+;32nn b =⨯(Ⅱ)(i )()221941n n n a c -=⨯-(ii )()()2*211*12725212nn n i i i a c n n n --=∈=⨯+⨯--∈∑N N【解析】(Ⅰ)设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,等比数列{}n b 的公比为q .依题意得2662,6124,q d q d =+⎧⎨=+⎩解得3,2,d q =⎧⎨=⎩故14(1)331,6232n nn n a n n b -=+-⨯=+=⨯=⨯.所以,{}n a 的通项公式为{}31,n n a n b =+的通项公式为32n n b =⨯.(Ⅱ)(i )()()()()22211321321941n n n n n n n a c a b -=-=⨯+⨯-=⨯-. 所以,数列(){}221n n a c -的通项公式为()221941n n n a c -=⨯-. (ii )()()22221111211n n niini iiiiii i i i a c a a c a a c====⎡⎤=+-=+⎣⎦-∑∑∑∑()()12212439412n nn ni i =⎛⎫- ⎪=⨯+⨯+⨯- ⎪⎝⎭∑()()2114143252914n n n n ---=⨯+⨯+⨯--()211*2725212n n n n --=⨯+⨯--∈N .【名师点睛】本小题主要考查等差数列、等比数列的通项公式及其前n 项和公式等基础知识.考查化归与转化思想和数列求和的基本方法以及运算求解能力.11.【2019年高考江苏卷】定义首项为1且公比为正数的等比数列为“M -数列”.(1)已知等比数列{a n }()n *∈N 满足:245132,440a a a a a a =-+=,求证:数列{a n }为“M -数列”;(2)已知数列{b n }()n *∈N 满足:111221,n n n b S b b +==-,其中S n 为数列{b n }的前n 项和. ①求数列{b n }的通项公式;②设m 为正整数,若存在“M -数列”{c n }()n *∈N ,对任意正整数k ,当k ≤m 时,都有1k k k c b c +剟成立,求m 的最大值.【答案】(1)见解析;(2)①b n =n ()*n ∈N ;②5.【解析】解:(1)设等比数列{a n }的公比为q ,所以a 1≠0,q ≠0.由245321440a a a a a a =⎧⎨-+=⎩,得244112111440a q a q a q a q a ⎧=⎨-+=⎩,解得112a q =⎧⎨=⎩.因此数列{}n a 为“M—数列”. (2)①因为1122n n n S b b +=-,所以0n b ≠. 由1111,b S b ==,得212211b =-,则22b =. 由1122n n n S b b +=-,得112()n n n n n b b S b b ++=-, 当2n ≥时,由1n n n b S S -=-,得()()111122n n n nn n n n n b b b b b b b b b +-+-=---,整理得112n n n b b b +-+=.所以数列{b n }是首项和公差均为1的等差数列.因此,数列{b n }的通项公式为b n =n ()*n ∈N .②由①知,b k =k ,*k ∈N .因为数列{c n }为“M–数列”,设公比为q ,所以c 1=1,q >0. 因为c k ≤b k ≤c k +1,所以1k k q k q -≤≤,其中k =1,2,3,…,m . 当k =1时,有q ≥1; 当k =2,3,…,m 时,有ln ln ln 1k kq k k ≤≤-. 设f (x )=ln (1)x x x >,则21ln ()xf 'x x-=. 令()0f 'x =,得x =e.列表如下:因为ln 2ln8ln 9ln 32663=<=,所以max ln 3()(3)3f k f ==.取q =k =1,2,3,4,5时,ln ln kq k…,即k k q ≤, 经检验知1k q k -≤也成立.因此所求m 的最大值不小于5.若m ≥6,分别取k =3,6,得3≤q 3,且q 5≤6,从而q 15≥243,且q 15≤216,所以q 不存在.因此所求m 的最大值小于6. 综上,所求m 的最大值为5.【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差和等比数列的定义、通项公式、性质等基础知识,考查代数推理、转化与化归及综合运用数学知识探究与解决问题的能力.12.【2019年高考浙江卷】设等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,34a =,43a S =,数列{}n b 满足:对每个12,,,n n n n n n n S b S b S b *++∈+++N 成等比数列.(I )求数列{},{}n n a b 的通项公式;(II)记,n c n *=∈N证明:12+.n c c c n *++<∈N【答案】(I )()21n a n =-,()1n b n n =+;(II )证明见解析. 【解析】(I )设数列{}n a 的公差为d ,由题意得11124,333a d a d a d +=+=+,解得10,2a d ==.从而*22,n a n n =-∈N . 所以2*n S n n n =-∈N ,,由12,,n n n n n n S b S b S b +++++成等比数列得()()()212n n n n n n S b S b S b +++=++.解得()2121n n n n b S S S d++=-. 所以2*,n b n n n =+∈N .(II)*n c n ===∈N . 我们用数学归纳法证明.(i )当n =1时,c 1=0<2,不等式成立;(ii )假设()*n k k =∈N时不等式成立,即12k c c c +++<那么,当1n k =+时,121k k c c c c +++++<<==.即当1n k =+时不等式也成立. 根据(i )和(ii),不等式12n c c c +++<*n ∈N 成立.【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差数列、等比数列、数列求和、数学归纳法等基础知识,同时考查运算求解能力和综合应用能力.13.【四川省峨眉山市2019届高三高考适应性考试数学试题】在等差数列{}n a 中,3a ,9a 是方程224120x x ++=的两根,则数列{}n a 的前11项和等于 A .66 B .132C .-66D .- 32【答案】D【解析】因为3a ,9a 是方程224120x x ++=的两根,所以3924a a +=-,又396242a a a +=-=,所以612a =-,61111111211()13222a a a S ⨯⨯+===-,故选D.【名师点睛】本题主要考查了等差数列的性质,等差中项,数列的求和公式,属于中档题.14.【四川省百校2019年高三模拟冲刺卷数学试题】定义在 +∞)上的函数 )满足:当 时, ) ;当 时, ) ).记函数 )的极大值点从小到大依次记为 并记相应的极大值为 则 + + + 的值为 A . + B . + C . + D . +【答案】A【解析】由题意当 时,22()2(1)1f x x x x =-=--+ 极大值点为1,极大值为1,当 时,()()32f x f x =-.则极大值点形成首项为1公差为2 的等差数列,极大值形成首项为1公比为3 的等比数列,故 . ,故 ) ,设S= + + + + + + + , 3S= + + + ,两式相减得-2S=1+2( + + + )- + )∴S= + , 故选:A.【名师点睛】本题考查数列与函数综合,错位相减求和,确定 及 的通项公式是关键,考查计算能力,是中档题. 15.【福建省2019届高三毕业班质量检查测试数学试题】数列 中, ,且112(2)n n n n na a n a a --+=+≥-,则数列)前2019项和为A .B .C .D .【答案】B【解析】:∵ ++ ( ),∴()22112n n n n a a a a n ----=﹣, 整理得: ) ) ,∴ ) ) + )+ + ,又 , ∴ ) ) , 可得:)).则数列)前2019项和为:++ +. 故选:B .【名师点睛】本题主要考查了数列递推关系、“累加求和”方法、裂项求和,考查了推理能力、转化能力与计算能力,属于中档题.16.【内蒙古2019届高三高考一模试卷数学试题】《九章算术》第三章“衰分”介绍比例分配问题:“衰分”是按比例递减分配的意思,通常称递减的比例(百分比)为“衰分比”.如:甲、乙、丙、丁“哀”得100,60,36,21.6个单位,递减的比例为40%,今共有粮(0)m m >石,按甲、乙、丙、丁的顺序进行“衰分”,已知丙衰分得80石,乙、丁衰分所得的和为164石,则“衰分比”与m 的值分别为 A .20% 369B .80% 369C .40% 360D .60% 365【答案】A【解析】设“衰分比”为a ,甲衰分得b 石,由题意得23(1)80(1)(1)16480164b a b a b a b m ⎧-=⎪-+-=⎨⎪++=⎩,解得125b =,20%a =,369m =. 故选A .【名师点睛】本题考查等比数列在生产生活中的实际应用,是基础题,解题时要认真审题,注意等比数列的性质的合理运用.17.【山东省德州市2019届高三第二次练习数学试题】设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,已知1212a a ==,,且2123n n n a S S ++=-+,记22122log log n n n b a a -=+,则数列(){}21nn b -⋅的前10项和为______.【答案】200【解析】∵1212a a ==,,且2123n n n a S S ++=-+, ∴32332a =-+=, ∵2123n n n a S S ++=-+,∴2n ≥时,1123n n n a S S +-=-+, 两式相减可得,()()21112n n n n n n S a a S S S ++-+-=---,(2n ≥) 即2n ≥时,2112n n n n a a a a +++-=-即22n n a a +=, ∵312a a =,∴数列{}n a 的奇数项和偶数项分别成等比数列,公比均为2,∴12222n nn a -=⨯=,1121122n n n a ---=⨯=,∴22122log log 121n n n b a a n n n -=+=-+=-, 则数列()()()221211nnn b n -⋅-=-,则(){}21nn b -⋅的前10项和为()()()22222231751917S =-+-++-()2412202836=⨯++++200=.故答案为200.【名师点睛】本题考查数列的递推公式在数列的通项公式求解中的应用,考查等比数列的通项公式及数列的求和方法的应用,属于中档题.18.【广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试(6月)数学试题】在数列{}n a 中,1111,,(*)2019(1)n n a a a n N n n +==+∈+,则2019a 的值为______. 【答案】1【解析】因为11,()(1)n n a a n n n *+=+∈+N所以1111(1)1n n a a n n n n +-==-++,2111,2a a -=-3211,23a a -=-...,201920181120182019a a -=-, 各式相加,可得20191112019a a -=-, 201911120192019a -=-,所以,20191a =,故答案为1.【名师点睛】本题主要考查利用递推关系求数列中的项,属于中档题.利用递推关系求数列中的项常见思路为:(1)项的序号较小时,逐步递推求出即可;(2)项的序数较大时,考虑证明数列是等差、等比数列,或者是周期数列;(3)将递推关系变形,利用累加法、累乘法以及构造新数列法求解.19.【2019北京市通州区三模数学试题】设{}n a 是等比数列,且245a a a =,427a =,则{}n a 的通项公式为_______.【答案】13-=n n a ,n *∈N .【解析】设等比数列{}n a 的公比为q , 因为245a a a =,427a =, 所以223542427a a a a q q q ====,解得3q =,所以41327127a a q ===, 因此,13-=n n a ,n *∈N . 故答案为13-=n n a ,n *∈N .【名师点睛】本题主要考查等比数列基本量的计算,熟记等比数列的通项公式即可,属于常考题型.20.【重庆西南大学附属中学校2019届高三第十次月考数学试题】已知等差数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,等比数列{}n b 的前n 项和为n T .若113a b ==,42a b =,4212S T -=. (I )求数列{}n a 与{}n b 的通项公式;(II )求数列{}n n a b +的前n 项和.【答案】(I )21,3nn n a n b =+=;(II )()331(2)2n n n -++.【解析】(I )由11a b =,42a b =,则4212341223()()12S T a a a a b b a a -=+++-+=+=,设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,则231236312a a a d d +=+=+=,所以2d =. 所以32(1)21n a n n =+-=+.设等比数列{}n b 的公比为q ,由题249b a ==,即2139b b q q ===,所以3q =.所以3nn b =;(II )(21)3n n n a b n +=++, 所以{}n n a b +的前n 项和为1212()()n n a a a b b b +++++++2(3521)(333)nn =++++++++(321)3(13)213n n n ++-=+-3(31)(2)2n n n -=++. 【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差数列与等比数列,熟记通项公式、前n 项和公式即可,属于常考题型.21.【山东省烟台市2019届高三3月诊断性测试数学试题】已知等差数列{}n a 的公差是1,且1a ,3a ,9a 成等比数列.(I )求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (II )求数列{}2n na a 的前n 项和n T . 【答案】(I )n a n =;(II )222n nnT +=-. 【解析】(I )因为{}n a 是公差为1的等差数列,且1a ,3a ,9a 成等比数列,所以2319a a a =,即2111(2)(8)a a a +=+,解得11a =.所以1(1)n a a n d n =+-=.(II )12311111232222nn T n ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯+⨯++⨯ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,2311111112(1)22222n n n T n n +⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=⨯+⨯++-⨯+⨯ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,两式相减得1231111111222222nn n T n +⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=++++-⨯ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以111111112211222212n n n n n n T n +++⎛⎫- ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭=-⨯=-- ⎪⎝⎭-. 所以222n n nT +=-. 【名师点睛】本题考查了等差数列与等比数列的通项公式、错位相减法,考查了推理能力与计算能力,属于常考题型.22.【安徽省1号卷A10联盟2019年高考最后一卷数学试题】已知等差数列{}n a 满足636a a =+,且31a -是241,a a -的等比中项.(I )求数列{}n a 的通项公式; (II )设()11n n n b n a a *+=∈N ,数列{}n b 的前项和为n T ,求使1n T <成立的最大正整数n 的值 【答案】(I )21n a n =+.(II )8.【解析】(I )设等差数列{}n a 的公差为d ,6336a a d -==Q ,即2d =,3113a a ∴-=+,2111a a -=+,416a a =+, 31a -Q 是21a -,4a 的等比中项,()()232411a a a ∴-=-⋅,即()()()2111+3=16a a a ++,解得13a =. ∴数列{}n a 的通项公式为21n a n =+.(II )由(I )得()()111111212322123n n n b a a n n n n +⎛⎫===- ⎪++++⎝⎭. 1212n n T b b b ∴=++⋅⋅⋅+=11111135572123n n ⎛⎫-+-+⋅⋅⋅+- ⎪++⎝⎭()1112323323nn n ⎛⎫=-= ⎪++⎝⎭,由()13237n n <+,得9n <.∴使得1n T <成立的最大正整数n 的值为8.【名师点睛】本题考查等差数列通项公式以及裂项相消法求和,考查基本分析求解能力,属中档题.23.【重庆一中2019届高三下学期5月月考数学试题】已知数列{}n a 满足:1n a ≠,()112n na n a *+=-∈N ,数列}{nb 中,11n n b a =-,且1b ,2b ,4b 成等比数列. (I )求证:数列}{n b 是等差数列;(II )若n S 是数列}{n b 的前n 项和,求数列1n S ⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭的前n 项和n T .【答案】(I )见解析;(II )21nn +. 【解析】(I )111111111121n n n n n nb b a a a a ++-=-=------1111n n n a a a =-=--, ∴数列}{n b 是公差为1的等差数列;(II )由题意可得2214b b b =,即()()211113b b b +=+,所以11b =,所以1n b =,∴(1)2n n n S +=,∴12112(1)1n S n n n n ⎛⎫==- ⎪++⎝⎭, 11111212231n T n n ⎛⎫=⨯-+-+⋯+- ⎪+⎝⎭122111nn n ⎛⎫=⨯-=⎪++⎝⎭. 【名师点睛】本题主要考查等差数列性质的证明,考查等差数列的前n 项和的求法,考查裂项相消法求和,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平和分析推理能力.。
立体几何高考综合试题(含答案)
立体几何1.【云南省昆明市2019届高三高考5月模拟数学试题】已知直线l ⊥平面α,直线m ∥平面β,若αβ⊥,则下列结论正确的是A .l β∥或l β⊄B .//l mC .m α⊥D .l m ⊥ 【答案】A【解析】对于A ,直线l ⊥平面α,αβ⊥,则l β∥或l β⊂,A 正确;对于B ,直线l ⊥平面α,直线m ∥平面β,且αβ⊥,则//l m 或l 与m 相交或l 与m 异面,∴B 错误;对于C ,直线m ∥平面β,且αβ⊥,则m α⊥或m 与α相交或m α⊂或m α∥,∴C 错误; 对于D ,直线l ⊥平面α,直线m ∥平面β,且αβ⊥,则//l m 或l 与m 相交或l 与m 异面,∴D 错误.故选A .【名师点睛】本题考查了空间平面与平面关系的判定及直线与直线关系的确定问题,也考查了几何符号语言的应用问题,是基础题.2.【陕西省2019届高三年级第三次联考数学试题】已知三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧棱与底面边长都相等,1A 在底面ABC 上的射影为BC 的中点,则异面直线AB 与1CC 所成的角的余弦值为A B .34C D .54 【答案】B【解析】如图,设BC 的中点为D ,连接1A D 、AD 、1A B ,易知1A AB ∠即为异面直线AB 与1CC 所成的角(或其补角).设三棱柱111ABC A B C -的侧棱与底面边长均为1,则AD =112A D =,1A B =,由余弦定理,得2221111cos 2A A AB A B A AB A A AB +-∠=⋅111322114+-==⨯⨯. 故应选B.【名师点睛】本题主要考查了异面直线所成角的求解,通过平移找到所成角是解这类问题的关键,若平移不好作,可采用建系,利用空间向量的运算求解,属于基础题.解答本题时,易知1A AB ∠即为异面直线AB 与1CC 所成的角(或其补角),进而通过计算1ABA △的各边长,利用余弦定理求解即可. 3.【四川省宜宾市2019届高三第三次诊断性考试数学试题】如图,边长为2的正方形ABCD 中,,E F 分别是,BC CD 的中点,现在沿,AE AF 及EF 把这个正方形折成一个四面体,使,,B C D 三点重合,重合后的点记为P ,则四面体P AEF -的高为A .13B .23C .34D .1【答案】B 【解析】如图,由题意可知PA PE PF ,,两两垂直,∴PA ⊥平面PEF ,∴11111123323PEF A PEF V S PA -=⋅=⨯⨯⨯⨯=△, 设P 到平面AEF 的距离为h , 又2111321212112222AEF S =-⨯⨯-⨯⨯-⨯⨯=△, ∴13322P AEF h V h -=⨯⨯=, ∴123h =,故23h =, 故选B .【名师点睛】本题考查了平面几何的折叠问题,空间几何体的体积计算,属于中档题.折叠后,利用A PEF P AEF V V --=即可求得P 到平面AEF 的距离.4.【广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试(6月)数学试题】在三棱锥P ABC -中,平面PAB ⊥平面ABC ,ABC △是边长为6的等边三角形,PAB △是以AB 为斜边的等腰直角三角形,则该三棱锥外接球的表面积为_______.【答案】48π【解析】如图,在等边三角形ABC 中,取AB 的中点F ,设等边三角形ABC 的中心为O ,连接PF ,CF ,OP .由6AB =,得23AO BO CO CF OF ===== PAB △是以AB 为斜边的等腰角三角形,PF AB ∴⊥,又平面PAB ⊥平面ABC ,PF ∴⊥平面ABC ,PF OF ∴⊥,OP ==则O 为棱锥P ABC -的外接球球心,外接球半径R OC ==∴该三棱锥外接球的表面积为(24π48π⨯=,故答案为48π. 【名师点睛】本题主要考查四面体外接球表面积,考查空间想象能力,是中档题. 要求外接球的表面积和体积,关键是求出球的半径.求外接球半径的常见方法有:①若三条棱两两垂直,则用22224R a b c =++(,,a b c 为三条棱的长);②若SA ⊥面ABC (SA a =),则22244R r a =+(r 为ABC △外接圆半径);③可以转化为长方体的外接球;④特殊几何体可以直接找出球心和半径. 5.【2019北京市通州区三模数学试题】如图,在四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中,侧棱1A A ABCD ⊥底面,AB AC ⊥,1AB =,12,5AC AA AD CD ,点E 为线段1AA 上的点,且12AE =.(1)求证:BE ⊥平面1ACB ;(2)求二面角11D AC B --的余弦值;(3)判断棱11A B 上是否存在点F ,使得直线DF ∥平面1ACB ,若存在,求线段1A F 的长;若不存在,说明理由.【答案】(1)见解析;(2;(3)见解析. 【解析】(1)因为1A A ABCD ⊥底面,所以1A A AC ⊥.又因为AB AC ⊥,所以AC ⊥平面11ABB A ,又因为BE ⊂平面11ABB A ,所以AC ⊥BE .因为112AE AB AB BB ==,∠EAB =∠ABB 1=90°, 所以1Rt Rt ABE BB A△∽△.所以1ABE AB B ∠=∠.因为1190BAB AB B ∠+∠=︒,所以190BAB ABE ∠+∠=︒.所以BE ⊥1AB .又1AC AB A =,所以BE ⊥平面1ACB .(2)如图,以A 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,依题意可得111(0,0,0),(0,1,0),(2,0,0),(1,2,0),(0,0,2),(0,1,2),(2,0,2),A B C D A B C 11(1,2,2),(0,0,)2D E .由(1)知,1(0,1,)2EB 为平面1ACB 的一个法向量, 设(,,)x y z =n 为平面1ACD 的法向量.因为1(1,2,2),(2,0,0)AD AC ,则10,0,AD AC ⎧⋅=⎪⎨⋅=⎪⎩n n 即220,20,x y z x -+=⎧⎨=⎩ 不妨设1z =,可得(0,1,1)=n . 因此10cos ,10||||EBEBEB n n n . 因为二面角11D AC B --为锐角,所以二面角11D AC B . (3)设1A F a ,则(0,,2)F a ,(1,2,2)DF a . 1(1,2,2)(0,1,)2102DF EB a a , 所以1a =-(舍). 即直线DF 的方向向量与平面1ACB 的法向量不垂直,所以,棱11A B 上不存在点F ,使直线DF ∥平面1ACB . 【名师点睛】本题主要考查线面垂直与平行、以及二面角的问题,熟记线面垂直的判定定理以及空间向量的方法求二面角即可,属于常考题型.(1)根据线面垂直的判定定理,直接证明,即可得出结论成立; (2)以A 为原点建立空间直角坐标系,由(1)得到1(0,1,)2EB 为平面1ACB 的一个法向量,再求出平面1ACD 的一个法向量,求两向量夹角的余弦值,即可得出结果;(3)先设1A Fa ,用向量的方法,由0DF EB 求出a 的值,结合题意,即可判断出结论.。
高中物理题库-运动图像
母题01 运动图像【母题来源一】2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理(浙江卷)【母题原题】(2019·浙江)一辆汽车沿平直道路行驶,其v –t 图像如图所示。
在t =0到t =40 s 这段时间内,汽车的位移是A .0B .30 mC .750 mD .1 200 m【答案】C【解析】在v –t 图像中图线与时间轴围成的面积表示位移,故在40 s 内的位移为()()1104030m 750m 2x =⨯+⨯=,C 正确。
【母题来源二】2019年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试物理(全国III 卷)【母题原题】(2019·新课标全国Ⅲ卷)如图(a ),物块和木板叠放在实验台上,物块用一不可伸长的细绳与固定在实验台上的力传感器相连,细绳水平。
t =0时,木板开始受到水平外力F 的作用,在t =4 s 时撤去外力。
细绳对物块的拉力f 随时间t 变化的关系如图(b )所示,木板的速度v 与时间t 的关系如图(c )所示。
木板与实验台之间的摩擦可以忽略。
重力加速度取g =10 m/s 2。
由题给数据可以得出A .木板的质量为1 kgB .2 s~4 s 内,力F 的大小为0.4 NC .0~2 s 内,力F 的大小保持不变D .物块与木板之间的动摩擦因数为0.2 【答案】AB【解析】结合两图像可判断出0~2 s 物块和木板还未发生相对滑动,它们之间的摩擦力为静摩擦力,此过程力F 等于f ,故F 在此过程中是变力,即C 错误;2~5 s 内木板与物块发生相对滑动,摩擦力转变为滑动摩擦力,由牛顿运动定律,对2~4 s 和4~5 s 列运动学方程,可解出质量m 为1 kg ,2~4 s 内的力F 为0.4 N ,故A 、B 正确;由于不知道物块的质量,所以无法计算它们之间的动摩擦因数μ,故D 错误。
【命题意图】本类题通常主要考查对位移、路程、速度、速率、平均速度、时间、时刻、加速度等基本运动概念的理解以及对牛顿第二定律、直线运动规律、功、功率等物理概念与规律的理解与简单的应用。
广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试(6月)英语试题(含答案)
深圳高级中学高考适应性考试英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15分,每小题2分,共30分)阅读下列短文,从每题给出的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。
ABritish MuseumLocated in Great Russell Street, London WC1B 3DG, the British Museum houses a vast collection ofworld art and artifacts and is free to all visitors. The British Museum’s remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture, and it has more than 7 million objects, so it would probablytake a week to see everything.Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world-famous objects such asthe Rosetta Stone and Egyptian mummies.Admission and opening timesFree, open daily 10:00 to 17:30.Open until 20:30 on Fridays, except Good Friday.Closed on 24, 25 and 26 December and 1 January.Large l uggage, suitcases and cabin baggageFor everyone’s safety, all bags, packages and personal items may be searched before entry. Wheeledcases and large items of luggage are not allowed in the British Museum for safety and security reasons.Storage for luggage is available at major rail stations, including Euston, King’s Cross and Cha MembershipMembership allows you to discover 2 million years of human history with free unlimited entry tospecial exhibitions, an exclusive discount offer on magazine subscription and many more benefits.Individual membership:£74Under 26 membership:£54Young friends (aged 8---15):£25ShopsThe museum has four shops where you can buy books, souvenirs, and family gifts.21.When can you visit the British Museum?A. At9:00 on Friday.B. At 12:00 on Monday.C. On Christmas Day.D. On Good Friday.22.Where can visitors store their large luggage?A. At major train stations.B. At some crossings.C. In the hall of the Museum.D. At the entrance to the Museum.23. If two friends aged 14 and 18 apply for membership of the Museum, ho w much should they pay?A.£25.B.£79.C.£50.D.£148.BGwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime. She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.Her poems described conditions among the poor, racial inequality and drug use in the black community. She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women. But her skill was more than herability to write about struggling black people. She was an expert at the language of poetry. She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago. The South Side of Chicago is where many back people live. In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville. It was A Streetin Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945. Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time. The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen. Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and mother. She experiences loneliness, loss, death and being poor. Ms. Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha, Maud Martha received little noticewhen it was first published. But now it is considered an important work by some critics. Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.In some of her poems, Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by whothey are. One example is this poem, Corners on the Curing Sky.By the end of the 1960s, Gwendolyn Brooks's poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville. She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.24.What does the text mainly talk about?A. The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.B. The understanding about black culture.C. The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.D. The struggles of black women.25. What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?A. She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.B. Her poems were mainly about the African experienceC. Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.D. She was good at using the language of poetry26. How does the author mainly develop the passage?A. By providing examples.B. By using statistics.C. By comparing opinions.D. By describing her experiences.27. What would the author most probably talk about in the next part?A. The difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet.B. The poems related to political issues.C. The awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained.D. The racial inequality the black had to face.CMost of us struggle through the time it takes to get a cup of coffee to our lips once our alarms go off. Luckily, this coffee-brewing alarm clock could make those few struggling minutes practically disappear.An alarm clock that brews a fresh pot of coffee as soon as you wake up actually exists, and you canbuy it right now. Thanks to the Barisieur, your morning time will never be the same.Here’s how it works: Before you go to bed, fill the glass container with water and pour ground coffee into the filter (过滤器). Not a black coffee drinker?Not to worry --- special drawers keep your cream cold and store your sugar, too.Then, just set your alarm and go to sleep. This machine will take care of the rest.A few minutes before your alarm goes off next morning, the Barisieur will begin to brew your coffee.And voila! A hot cup of coffee is waiting for you when your alarm rings and you open your eyes. Youwon’t even have to leave your bed.London designer Joshua Renouf designed this invention himself, raising over $500,000 throughdonations on IndieGoGo. Coffee lovers should act fast and put in a pre-order on the website now, payingjust $300. Otherwise, you have to wait until it hits stores and pay $420.Owning one of these clocks will be totally worth it. Nothing says “seize the day” quite lik to a pot o f freshly brewed coffee, after all. Also, the machine isn’t limited to making coffee only in the morning. You can go out and return home with a hot cup of coffee waiting for you.28. Why does the author mention the struggle?A. T o show making coffee is challenging.B. To show coffee can make us feel better.C. To show the coffee-brewing alarm clock is great.D. To show it is difficult to get up early in the morning.29. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. The Barisieur.B. The morning time.C. A hot cup of coffee.D. The glass container.-ordering the clock on the website now?30. What’s the benefit of preA. You can get one much earlier.B. You can get one at a great discount.C. You can get donations from its designer.D. You may have a chance to meet Joshua Renouf.31. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A. To tell us how to make coffee easily.B. To advertise a new product in a store.C. To recommend a special kind of alarm clock.D. To compare traditional alarm clocks and new ones.DAsk any readers who their favorite fictional character in a novel is and you’ll likely get a detailedexplanation about the beloved character that they admire. It might even sound like they’re tal person they know.In a study, researchers looked at the brains of a group of people over nine days. Half of the group readbrains showedthe novel Pompeii, and half didn’t. After examining, researchers found the readers’ heightened connectivity (连通性) in some areas. This is likely because the brain imagines the movementand emotions of the character they read about in the book. Even though the participants were then asked not, almost like ato read the novel, they kept this heightened connectivity. We call that a “shadow activity”muscle memory. So even after you’ve finished a book, your brain keeps those benefits for some timeafterwards.It has been suggested that people who read a lot of fiction become more empathic (移情作用的),because fiction is a simulation (模仿) of social experiences, in which people practice and improve theirinterpersonal skills. The people who not only read fiction, but felt a high level of “emotionalwhile reading--- as compared to people who weren’t taken by the story or who read transportation” non-fiction---displayed higher levels of empathy when tested. Increase of empathy is important for peoplebecause empathy is positively related to creativity, performance at work and cooperative behaviors.Besides, reading improves “Theory of Mind”. It is “the ability to understand that others have mental states that are different from one’s own.” Of various activities, reading novels has been found to improve this ability, while watching television programs or movies has been found to do just the opposite --- areduced understanding of others and weaker cognitive (认知的) development overall.Maybe we should put more of a priority on novel-reading. And many readers believe that reading anovel is far better and more meaningful than watching any movie. As David Kidd of the New School studysaid, “Fiction is not just a simulator of a social experience; it is a social experience.” 32. What is implied in the Paragraph 2?A. Reading novels is just a waste of time.B. Reading novels can help people become happy.C. Reading novels increases connectivity in our brain.D. Reading novels helps enhance our memory greatly.33. What do we know about novel readers from Paragraph 3?A. They tend to be emotional in social experiences.B. They understand the emotions of people better.C. They like to talk about their favorite characters.D. They are more sensitive to everything.34. What’s the effect of watching TV or movies?A. It distinguishes your views from those of ot hers.B. It contributes to your cognitive development.C. It reduces your empathy for others a lot.D. It changes your overall mental states.35. What does the underlined word “priority” in the last paragraph mean?A. Preference.B. Authority.C. Exposure.D. Evaluation.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
精品解析:【全国百强校】广东省深圳市深圳高级中学2019届高三适应性测试语文试题(解析版)
2019年高三高考适应性考试语文注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔在答题卡上填写自己的准考证号、姓名、试室号和座位号。
用2B型铅笔把答题卡上试室号、座位号对应的信息点涂黑。
2.选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B型铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内的相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.考生必须保持答题卡整洁。
考试结束后,将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成各题。
朱熹指出,儒家学说之所以与佛、老不同,就在于正统儒家的“极高明而道中庸”,“其精粗隐显体用浑然,莫非大中至正之矩,而无偏倚过不及之差”。
其中既蕴含着“合乎义理之宜”的高明的思辨与实践智慧,也蕴含着极为深沉的德性。
佛、老则多流于义理的玄谈,却无处着实。
朱熹在与廖子晦的一封书信里,又进一步指出了造成儒、释两家这一差别的认识论根源:儒家重渐进之学,其“穷神知化”“随心所欲不逾矩”的极度自由境界乃是缘于真积力久的修养习炼而“豁然贯通”的结果,主要体现为一种下学而上达的道德修养功夫;佛家禅学重顿悟,追求的是“忽然有感如来喻”的认知境界,虽然也强调“豁然贯通”,但并不曾如此实下功夫,其实质是上达而下学。
所以,儒家在人伦日用中“道中庸”“致中和”,“克己复礼”,践履人之良知良能,于细微点滴处体贴天理、分别道心人心,以炼养心性。
佛禅虽然也注重这方面的修养,但并不曾落到实处,自然难以探及心性本原,从而无法与“真实知见,端的践履,彻上彻下,一以贯之”的儒家学说比拟。
在朱熹看来,这一差异的实质则体现在儒家礼学的实践特性与实践活动上。
他指出:佛家但知克己,“不曾复得礼也”,“下梢必堕于空寂”,而“圣人之教,所以以复礼为主”,因此“不失其则”。
广东省深圳市高级中学2019届高三适应性考试(6月)历史试题 Word版含答案
深圳市高级中学高考适应性考试文科综合考生注意:1.本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,共300分。
考试时间150分钟。
2.请将各题答案填写在答题卡上。
3.本试卷主要考试内容:高考全部内容。
第I卷(选择题共140分)本卷共35小题。
每小题4分,共140分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
24.汉文帝时,申公、韩婴皆以传《诗》被任命为博士;汉景帝时,胡毋生、董仲舒以传《公羊春秋》被任命博士。
由此可以推知汉初A.儒学地位上升成为入仕途径 B.品行成为选官的主要标准C.黄老之学逐渐退出历史舞台 D.儒学逐步取得了独尊地位25.史学界常用“南青北白”来概括唐代制瓷业的特点,实际上两者的兴盛时间并不一致。
邢窑白瓷的主要繁荣时期是初唐和盛唐,安史之乱后衰落;而越窑青瓷的兴盛则是在中晚唐。
这一现象说明A.社会动乱阻断南北交流 B.北方地区手工业的全面衰退C.南方经济实力逐渐增强 D.休养生息政策利于经济发展26.据史料记载,南宋时湖南、湖北一带,“民计每岁种食之外,余米尽以贸易。
大商则聚小家之所有,小舟亦附大舰同营,辗转贩巢,以规厚利。
父子相袭,习以为俗”。
上述材料表明当时两湖地区A.稻米的商品化明显 B.商人垄断粮食贸易C.商品经济高度发达 D.实行重农抑商政策27.清承明制,仍设内阁,“凡承宣谕旨”,皆由内阁“传知各衙门抄录遵行”,而有关兵刑钱粮、地方民务以及官员的升迁、调任等文书,皆由内阁票拟,经皇帝裁定批红后交各部办理。
这说明清朝内阁A.票拟奏章,掌握最高决策大权 B.设于宫中,有分散相权的作用C.地位尊崇,处理日常行政事务 D.上传下达,帮助皇帝监察百官28.鸦片战争后,洋货倾销,白银外流。
国人先认为这是“漏卮”(财富外泄的通道),后认为是“利源”(消费市场),亦可从洋商手中夺回这一“利源”。
随后,呼呼仿制洋货,以夺回“利源”的“商战”主张提出。
以上变化说明A.洋货倾销导致自然经济逐步解体 B.国人逐渐理解了近代经济的运行C.中国近代的民族工商业开始形成 D.洋务运动诱导近代商办企业兴起29.19世纪后期,曾国藩在《奏派陈兰彬、容闳选拔幼童出洋习艺折》中专门提出:“诸幼童肄习西学,仍兼讲中学,课以孝经、五经及国朝律例等书,随资高下,循序渐进。
