【药学专业英语】ppt课件
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《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 4
Slide 14 of 31
General Chemistry: Chapter 1
Prentice-Hall © 2007
• 化学是研究物质的科学。在学习 化学这一点上，我们不能将“物质” 这个词仅限于它的科学定义上，而 应该对它的实际含义有整体的理解。 物质的常见的例子如水、糖、盐、 铜、铁、氧气以及你能想到的其他 许多东西。
Inorganic chemistry
• the branch of chemistry concerned with the elements and compounds which do not contain carbon .
Organic chemistry
• The chemistry of carbon compounds.
Biochemistry
• The chemistry of living organisms and life processes.
➢Protein ➢Carbohydrate ➢Fat ➢Nucleic acid
Vocabulary
• Indicate indication: 适应症
eg: penicillin is indicated for the treatment of bacterial infection. contraindication:禁忌症
吃的食物、穿的衣服、建造的房屋、赢得战
争的方法、对抗疾病的方法——在一定可以
预见的程度上，所有的一切都因为有机化学
而变得时尚。很多有价值的自然产品（天然
产物）通过化学修饰（稍微的修改），可以
变得更有用；而其他的天然产物经过合成，
可以获得比从自然中攫取更廉价，种类更多
《药学英语》PowerPoint 演示文稿
务化
（一）教学内容
药物英语 常用词汇
药物说明书 仪器说明书
……
开药、售药 服务用语
外国药典 文献资料
……
专 业
内容Ⅲ
英
语
内容Ⅱ
运 内容Ⅰ 用
能 词汇、语法
阅读、翻译
服务用语
力 •掌握常用药学英语词汇 •看懂英文药品说明书 •售药服务用语
的 •掌握简单、常用的医学 •看懂外国药典
•实用询问病情会话
学生 评价
能切实的学到专业英语的相关知识和技能，具备一 定阅读、翻译和口头运用专业英语的能力。
28
29
Talking about the patient’s illness-Cold
任务安排-准备对话、查阅资料翻译材料
二、课 程 设 计
课程 定位
岗位 分析
课程设计依据
培养 目标
评估 要求
二、课 程 设 计
6 课程建设
5 师资队伍
1 教学目标
课程设计 总体思路
4 评价方案
2 教学内容
3 教学方法
主要内
Pharmaceutical English
容
一、课程定位 二、课程设计 三、教学内容与方法 四、教学条件 五、教学效果评价 六、课程特色 七、典型课例
（一）课程教学目标 总体目标：培养学生职业能力
职业素质 专业素质 心理素质
方法能力 专业能力 社会能力
基础：知识+技能
（一）课程教学目标
素质 目标
职业 职业道德、诚实守信、爱岗敬业
心里 沟通表达、团结协作、社会交往 专业 文字表达、严谨求实、分析判断
技能 目标
阅读 看懂基本的专业相关英文资料
（一）教学内容
药物英语 常用词汇
药物说明书 仪器说明书
……
开药、售药 服务用语
外国药典 文献资料
……
专 业
内容Ⅲ
英
语
内容Ⅱ
运 内容Ⅰ 用
能 词汇、语法
阅读、翻译
服务用语
力 •掌握常用药学英语词汇 •看懂英文药品说明书 •售药服务用语
的 •掌握简单、常用的医学 •看懂外国药典
•实用询问病情会话
学生 评价
能切实的学到专业英语的相关知识和技能，具备一 定阅读、翻译和口头运用专业英语的能力。
28
29
Talking about the patient’s illness-Cold
任务安排-准备对话、查阅资料翻译材料
二、课 程 设 计
课程 定位
岗位 分析
课程设计依据
培养 目标
评估 要求
二、课 程 设 计
6 课程建设
5 师资队伍
1 教学目标
课程设计 总体思路
4 评价方案
2 教学内容
3 教学方法
主要内
Pharmaceutical English
容
一、课程定位 二、课程设计 三、教学内容与方法 四、教学条件 五、教学效果评价 六、课程特色 七、典型课例
（一）课程教学目标 总体目标：培养学生职业能力
职业素质 专业素质 心理素质
方法能力 专业能力 社会能力
基础：知识+技能
（一）课程教学目标
素质 目标
职业 职业道德、诚实守信、爱岗敬业
心里 沟通表达、团结协作、社会交往 专业 文字表达、严谨求实、分析判断
技能 目标
阅读 看懂基本的专业相关英文资料
药学专业英语PPTPPT课件
Notetaking
taking notes on important points and technical terms to aid in comprehension and review.
Classification and characteristics of pharmaceutical English literature
Writing
Writing skills for pharmaceutical English papers
Use appropriate language
Pharmaceutical English is a formal language, so it is important to use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Avoid colloquial language or jargon that may be misinterpreted.
committing to a regular schedule of reading to improve your comprehension and familiarity with pharmaceutical English.
Active review
actively reviewing and summarizing the content you have read to ensure comprehension and retention.
Organize information logically
The structure of the paper should be clear and logical, with a well-defined introduction, methods, results, and conclusion. Each section should flow naturally and build upon the previous one.
taking notes on important points and technical terms to aid in comprehension and review.
Classification and characteristics of pharmaceutical English literature
Writing
Writing skills for pharmaceutical English papers
Use appropriate language
Pharmaceutical English is a formal language, so it is important to use appropriate vocabulary and sentence structure. Avoid colloquial language or jargon that may be misinterpreted.
committing to a regular schedule of reading to improve your comprehension and familiarity with pharmaceutical English.
Active review
actively reviewing and summarizing the content you have read to ensure comprehension and retention.
Organize information logically
The structure of the paper should be clear and logical, with a well-defined introduction, methods, results, and conclusion. Each section should flow naturally and build upon the previous one.
《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 3
lever
plasma
concentration
❖ Group 8： infection 感染
injection 注射剂： ampoule / vial
❖ Group 9： toxi--- 毒 （词缀记忆法）
toxin ： ? ---xin
toxicology：? --- ology
biology
pharmacology
❖ 在压片过程中，所有的成分需要干燥，粉碎，大小颗粒尽 可能一样，这是很重要的。由于机器操作不断振动，最终 使制成的药片大小不一致而易于散裂。而且当系统的一点 潮湿都会影响片剂的压制过程。
❖ Some substances may be tableted as pure substances, but this is usually not the case. Normally, an inactive ingredient termed a binder is added to help hold the tablet together and give it strength. A wide variety of binders may be used, some common ones including lactose powder, sucrose powder, tapioca starch (cassava flour) and microcrystalline cellulose.
❖ LD50： lethal dosage 50% 半数致死量 ❖ EEG： electro encephalon graph 脑电图 ❖ ECG： electro cardiac graph 心电图 ❖ BBB： blood brain barrel 血脑屏障
《药学专业英语》PPT课件-1
语文体。其特点是：用词自由， 句法结构简单，短句与省略句多， 自然朴素，生活气息浓厚。
"听说有个很好的工作要你去干。" "挺好的工作"。 "打算干吗？" "不。" "为什么不干？" "不想干"。 摘自《刀锋》（the Razor's Edge ）
《Gone with wind》：
Home! I‘ll go home, and I‘ll think of some way to get him back. After all, tomorrow is another day. 《Titanic》：
Several therapeutically significant natural products which were originally obtained from natural sources are today more effectively –i.e. more economically –prepared by total synthesis. Such examples include L-amino acids, Chloramphenicol, caffeine, Dopamine, Epinephrine, Levodopa, peptide hormones, Prostaglandins, DPenicillamine, Vincamine, and practically all vitamins.
This means that they get concentrated in organisms, which are then eaten by predators. This results in an ever increasing concentration of these compounds in the body tissues of animals further up the food chain.
药学专业英语-PPT
Pharmacy English （药学专业英语）
Context Set
I have sore throat, but I know chinese little.
we have to master necessary professional pharmacy English so that we can work better in tWhehefuntuyroeu encounter
Conclusion:
Microorganisms are not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter, but are produced by other microorganisms
Robert Kock (1843 – 1910)
The recognition of microbial role in disease
•Small volume and big surface to volume ratio
Different length and different surface to volume ratio
Small and simple
可见范围 肉眼
光学显微镜 电镜
微生物的相对大小 真核细胞型 原核细胞型
Prokaryotic genetic material is located in an area called the nucleoid and is not enclosed by a membrane.
The prokaryotic cell wall almost always has peptidoglycan （肽聚糖）and is chemically and morphologically （形态的）complex.
Context Set
I have sore throat, but I know chinese little.
we have to master necessary professional pharmacy English so that we can work better in tWhehefuntuyroeu encounter
Conclusion:
Microorganisms are not spontaneously generated from inanimate matter, but are produced by other microorganisms
Robert Kock (1843 – 1910)
The recognition of microbial role in disease
•Small volume and big surface to volume ratio
Different length and different surface to volume ratio
Small and simple
可见范围 肉眼
光学显微镜 电镜
微生物的相对大小 真核细胞型 原核细胞型
Prokaryotic genetic material is located in an area called the nucleoid and is not enclosed by a membrane.
The prokaryotic cell wall almost always has peptidoglycan （肽聚糖）and is chemically and morphologically （形态的）complex.
Pharmacology 药学英语ppt课件
4
Typically a drug target is a key molecule involved in a particular metabolic or signaling pathway that is specific to a disease condition or pathology, or to the infectivity or survival of a microbial pathogen.
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2. Important figures in the development of pharmacology Friedrich Wohler Synthesis of urea(尿素): organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic materials Oswald Schmiedeberg His work primarily dealt with finding the correlation between the chemical structure of substances and their effectiveness. a thesis on the measurement of chloroform（氯仿） in blood studied the pharmacology of chloroform and chloral hydrate（水合氯醛 ） publication of Outline of Pharmacology trained a number of preeminent scientists
7
Definitions
Pharmacology has been defined as an experimental science that studies changes brought about in vivo and in vitro by chemically acting substances, whether used for therapeutic purpose or not. In the broadest sense, pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. It attempts to describe the biological response produced by drugs and to define the underlying mechanisms by which the responses are generated.
Typically a drug target is a key molecule involved in a particular metabolic or signaling pathway that is specific to a disease condition or pathology, or to the infectivity or survival of a microbial pathogen.
5
2. Important figures in the development of pharmacology Friedrich Wohler Synthesis of urea(尿素): organic compounds can be synthesized from inorganic materials Oswald Schmiedeberg His work primarily dealt with finding the correlation between the chemical structure of substances and their effectiveness. a thesis on the measurement of chloroform（氯仿） in blood studied the pharmacology of chloroform and chloral hydrate（水合氯醛 ） publication of Outline of Pharmacology trained a number of preeminent scientists
7
Definitions
Pharmacology has been defined as an experimental science that studies changes brought about in vivo and in vitro by chemically acting substances, whether used for therapeutic purpose or not. In the broadest sense, pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. It attempts to describe the biological response produced by drugs and to define the underlying mechanisms by which the responses are generated.
《药学英语》PPT教学课件-unit 1
This meant opening an office in Beijing or Shanghai to sell their internationally approved products to the growing Chinese market.
中国制药行业的外资情况
尽管存在着文化、种族和法规的差异， 越来越多的外国公司开始在中国进行多个 实验中心的三期临床实验。
The basic means of China's absorption of foreign investments
1. Sino-foreign joint ventures 2. Cooperative businesses 3. Exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 4. Joint exploitation 5. Foreign-funded share-holding companies 6. New types of foreign investment
中国制药行业的外资情况
追溯到1980年，日本大冢制药有限公司在 中国创立了第一个中外合资制药企业：中国大 冢制药有限公司。紧接着，1982年，瑞典法玛 西亚制药公司在中国建立了第一个欧洲合资企 业：无锡中国瑞典制药公司。到1995年，根据 PJB出版的1997年中国制药市场指南统计：在 中国已经有1500家中外合资制药企业注册。
Eighteen of the top 20 global pharmaceutical giants have entered into these arrangements. Germany's Bayer has nine joint ventures in China, with a total investment of US $160 million investment. Switzerland Roche has seven, and a US $130 million investment.
中国制药行业的外资情况
尽管存在着文化、种族和法规的差异， 越来越多的外国公司开始在中国进行多个 实验中心的三期临床实验。
The basic means of China's absorption of foreign investments
1. Sino-foreign joint ventures 2. Cooperative businesses 3. Exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 4. Joint exploitation 5. Foreign-funded share-holding companies 6. New types of foreign investment
中国制药行业的外资情况
追溯到1980年，日本大冢制药有限公司在 中国创立了第一个中外合资制药企业：中国大 冢制药有限公司。紧接着，1982年，瑞典法玛 西亚制药公司在中国建立了第一个欧洲合资企 业：无锡中国瑞典制药公司。到1995年，根据 PJB出版的1997年中国制药市场指南统计：在 中国已经有1500家中外合资制药企业注册。
Eighteen of the top 20 global pharmaceutical giants have entered into these arrangements. Germany's Bayer has nine joint ventures in China, with a total investment of US $160 million investment. Switzerland Roche has seven, and a US $130 million investment.
【药学专业英语】PPT课件
Side effect After effect Allergy [ ‘ælədʒi ] 过敏反应 Toxicity Addiction（morphine） Lj:An allergy is an adverse reaction of the
body to certain substances.
There is a lot of fat here, suggesting one risk factor for atherosclerosis. 大量脂肪是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。
.
15
antibiotics
biotic [ bai'ɔtik ] .a. 生命的(生物的)
How do microbes beat antibiotics? 微生物如何战胜抗生素？
我们首先给予血管扩张药物例如硝普钠或钙离子拮抗剂如维拉帕米皮层的皮质的cortex皮层促肾上腺皮质激素adj皮质甾类的皮质类固醇的类固醇甾体类hormoneproducedadrenalcortexsaikl?ufsfmaidphospho表示磷的含磷的之义spore孢子saikl?usp?
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
Antianginal drug
Consequently, stand or fall of patient angina symptom. 因而，病人心绞痛症状时好时坏。
Angina pectoris: It is acid that the banana has a kind of natural making to a healthy function of easing pain. 心绞痛：香蕉对身体有一种天然的制酸性，有镇痛作 用。
body to certain substances.
There is a lot of fat here, suggesting one risk factor for atherosclerosis. 大量脂肪是动脉粥样硬化的危险因素。
.
15
antibiotics
biotic [ bai'ɔtik ] .a. 生命的(生物的)
How do microbes beat antibiotics? 微生物如何战胜抗生素？
我们首先给予血管扩张药物例如硝普钠或钙离子拮抗剂如维拉帕米皮层的皮质的cortex皮层促肾上腺皮质激素adj皮质甾类的皮质类固醇的类固醇甾体类hormoneproducedadrenalcortexsaikl?ufsfmaidphospho表示磷的含磷的之义spore孢子saikl?usp?
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
Antianginal drug
Consequently, stand or fall of patient angina symptom. 因而，病人心绞痛症状时好时坏。
Angina pectoris: It is acid that the banana has a kind of natural making to a healthy function of easing pain. 心绞痛：香蕉对身体有一种天然的制酸性，有镇痛作 用。
(医学课件)药学英语
对食物而言，必须分析其中的污染物（比如杀虫剂残 留）和必要的营养成分（如维生素含量）。
6
The air in cities must be analyzed for carbon monoxide.
对城市空气而言，必须分析其中的一氧化碳含量。
7
Blood glucose must be monitored in diabetics (and, in fact, most diseases; are diagnosed by chemical analysis).
钢铁中碳的含量决定其质量，药物的纯度将决定其药 效。
11
welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New
ConteWnt dheasigtni,s10ayneaarslyextpiecriaenlcsecience
什么是分析科学？
12
The above description of analytical chemistry provides an overview of the discipline of analytical chemistry .
糖尿病患者检测血糖（事实上，大多数疾病都是 化学分析来诊断的）。
8Leabharlann The presence of trace elements from gun powder on a murder defendant’s hand will prove a gun was fired.
谋杀嫌疑犯手上火药中痕量元素的存在可以证明手枪 是开过火的。
我们所使用和消耗的一切都是由化学物质组成的，所 以日常生活中了解物质的化学成分是非常重要的。
3
Analytical chemistry plays an important role in nearly all aspects of chemistry , for example, agricultural, clinical, environmental,forensic, manufacturing,metallurgical,and pharmaceutical chemistry.
6
The air in cities must be analyzed for carbon monoxide.
对城市空气而言，必须分析其中的一氧化碳含量。
7
Blood glucose must be monitored in diabetics (and, in fact, most diseases; are diagnosed by chemical analysis).
钢铁中碳的含量决定其质量，药物的纯度将决定其药 效。
11
welcome to use these PowerPoint templates, New
ConteWnt dheasigtni,s10ayneaarslyextpiecriaenlcsecience
什么是分析科学？
12
The above description of analytical chemistry provides an overview of the discipline of analytical chemistry .
糖尿病患者检测血糖（事实上，大多数疾病都是 化学分析来诊断的）。
8Leabharlann The presence of trace elements from gun powder on a murder defendant’s hand will prove a gun was fired.
谋杀嫌疑犯手上火药中痕量元素的存在可以证明手枪 是开过火的。
我们所使用和消耗的一切都是由化学物质组成的，所 以日常生活中了解物质的化学成分是非常重要的。
3
Analytical chemistry plays an important role in nearly all aspects of chemistry , for example, agricultural, clinical, environmental,forensic, manufacturing,metallurgical,and pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Cell membrane [ ‘membrein ] 细胞膜 cytomembrane cytolemma （cyto- =cecullar）
Lj:Ion channels are pore-forming proteins found in the membranes of cells. 离子通道是在细胞膜中发现的生孔蛋白。
快克胶囊为复方制剂。
9
Sex hormone
Female: estrogen [ ‘estrədʒən ] n. 雌激素（estr- 雌） progestogen 孕激素
1、本品与氨基糖甙类药物协同；2、有时可引起腹 泻、皮疹等过敏症状，停药即消失。
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Analgesics 镇痛药 止痛药
analgesic [ ,ænəl'dʒi:zik ] . a. 止痛的n. 镇痛剂 a medicine used to relieve pain 同义词painkiller | pain pill
Active transport Passive transport
3
toxicity [ tɔk‘sisiti ] 毒性
Tox toxin toxic
Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity
1. 急性和迟发性毒性作用仍然显著。 Acute and late toxicities remained significant.
1959年,FDA批准烷化剂环磷酰胺为抗癌药,使 抗癌药物有了更多的选择.
7
aminoglycoside 氨基糖苷类
amino [ ‘æminəu ]a. 氨基的 glycoside [ ‘glaikə,said ] glucoside [ ’glu:kə,said ] 糖 苷
【Precautions】The product has a synergistic （[ ‘sinədʒistik ]协同的）effect with aminoglycoside. Hypersensitivities such as diarrhea, skin rash will occasionally appear, however these signs will disappeared once the drug are stopped.
1. I've taken a lot of analgesics. But they are not so effective. 我吃了不少镇痛药。但是效果不怎么好。
2. Aspirin is a mild analgesic. 阿司匹林是药性平和的止痛药.
3. [Actions &Uses] It‘s an antipyretic &analgesic agent(解 热镇痛药). pyretic [ pai'retik ] a. 热的,热病的,
body to certain substances.
过敏是身体对某些物质的不良反应。
6
alkylating agent 烷化剂
chemotherapy [ ,keməu‘θerəpi ] 化学疗法
1959 Cyclophosphamide[ ,saikləu'fɔsfæmaid ] (环磷酰胺), an alkylating agent designed to improve the selectiity of cancer drugs, approved by FDA.
2. 毒性试验已经证明了非常低的毒性。 Toxicity tests have demonstrated a very low toxicity.
4
Adren(o)- 肾上腺
adrenaline [ ə‘drenəlin ] . 肾上腺素 ＝adrenalin
a catecholamine [ ,kæti‘kəʊləmi:n ](儿茶酚胺)secreted nbyortahderaednraenlianlem[e,nduɔ:llraə('肾dr上en腺əli髓n ]质. )n.in[药res]去po甲nse肾to上s腺tre素ss (taracdaetencahmoelaAmdinreenparleinc)ursor of epinephrine [ ,epi'nefrin]
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Adverse reaction (unwanted /undesired)
Side effect After effect Allergy [ ‘ælədʒi ] 过敏反应 Toxicity Addiction（morphine） Lj:An allergy is an adverse reaction of the
that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses(突触) Adrenoceptor 肾上腺素能受体
－agonist －antagonist [ æn'tægənist ] －blocker adrenocortical [ ə,dri:nəu'kɔ:tikl ] 肾上腺皮质的 of or derived from the cortex of the adrenal glands
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
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Pharmacology 药理学
Pharmaco- 药学, 药物 Pharmaco-pathology pharmaco-genomics
pharmacodynamics [ fɑ:mə,kəudai'næmiks ] . PD [复] n.[用作单]药效学
pharmacokinetics [ ,fɑ:məkəu,kai'netiks ] PK 药物(代谢)动力学 absorption distribution metabolism [ me'tæbəlizəm ] excretion [ eks'kri:ʃən ]
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ansmembrane transport 跨膜转运
Lj:Ion channels are pore-forming proteins found in the membranes of cells. 离子通道是在细胞膜中发现的生孔蛋白。
快克胶囊为复方制剂。
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Sex hormone
Female: estrogen [ ‘estrədʒən ] n. 雌激素（estr- 雌） progestogen 孕激素
1、本品与氨基糖甙类药物协同；2、有时可引起腹 泻、皮疹等过敏症状，停药即消失。
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Analgesics 镇痛药 止痛药
analgesic [ ,ænəl'dʒi:zik ] . a. 止痛的n. 镇痛剂 a medicine used to relieve pain 同义词painkiller | pain pill
Active transport Passive transport
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toxicity [ tɔk‘sisiti ] 毒性
Tox toxin toxic
Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity
1. 急性和迟发性毒性作用仍然显著。 Acute and late toxicities remained significant.
1959年,FDA批准烷化剂环磷酰胺为抗癌药,使 抗癌药物有了更多的选择.
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aminoglycoside 氨基糖苷类
amino [ ‘æminəu ]a. 氨基的 glycoside [ ‘glaikə,said ] glucoside [ ’glu:kə,said ] 糖 苷
【Precautions】The product has a synergistic （[ ‘sinədʒistik ]协同的）effect with aminoglycoside. Hypersensitivities such as diarrhea, skin rash will occasionally appear, however these signs will disappeared once the drug are stopped.
1. I've taken a lot of analgesics. But they are not so effective. 我吃了不少镇痛药。但是效果不怎么好。
2. Aspirin is a mild analgesic. 阿司匹林是药性平和的止痛药.
3. [Actions &Uses] It‘s an antipyretic &analgesic agent(解 热镇痛药). pyretic [ pai'retik ] a. 热的,热病的,
body to certain substances.
过敏是身体对某些物质的不良反应。
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alkylating agent 烷化剂
chemotherapy [ ,keməu‘θerəpi ] 化学疗法
1959 Cyclophosphamide[ ,saikləu'fɔsfæmaid ] (环磷酰胺), an alkylating agent designed to improve the selectiity of cancer drugs, approved by FDA.
2. 毒性试验已经证明了非常低的毒性。 Toxicity tests have demonstrated a very low toxicity.
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Adren(o)- 肾上腺
adrenaline [ ə‘drenəlin ] . 肾上腺素 ＝adrenalin
a catecholamine [ ,kæti‘kəʊləmi:n ](儿茶酚胺)secreted nbyortahderaednraenlianlem[e,nduɔ:llraə('肾dr上en腺əli髓n ]质. )n.in[药res]去po甲nse肾to上s腺tre素ss (taracdaetencahmoelaAmdinreenparleinc)ursor of epinephrine [ ,epi'nefrin]
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Adverse reaction (unwanted /undesired)
Side effect After effect Allergy [ ‘ælədʒi ] 过敏反应 Toxicity Addiction（morphine） Lj:An allergy is an adverse reaction of the
that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses(突触) Adrenoceptor 肾上腺素能受体
－agonist －antagonist [ æn'tægənist ] －blocker adrenocortical [ ə,dri:nəu'kɔ:tikl ] 肾上腺皮质的 of or derived from the cortex of the adrenal glands
Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology
1
Pharmacology 药理学
Pharmaco- 药学, 药物 Pharmaco-pathology pharmaco-genomics
pharmacodynamics [ fɑ:mə,kəudai'næmiks ] . PD [复] n.[用作单]药效学
pharmacokinetics [ ,fɑ:məkəu,kai'netiks ] PK 药物(代谢)动力学 absorption distribution metabolism [ me'tæbəlizəm ] excretion [ eks'kri:ʃən ]
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ansmembrane transport 跨膜转运