林肯解放黑人奴隶宣言(中英文对照)
#105 - 译文Lincoln, Part 10
THE MAKING OF A NATION #105- Lincoln, Part 10译文林肯发表解放奴隶宣言到1862年夏天，美国南北战争已经打了一年多，交战双方各有胜负，但是任何一方都没有胜算。
美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯需要一场重大胜利，因为他正在失去政界和民众的支持。
一场重大胜利不仅能让林肯重新赢得支持，而且也能为他准备发布的一项重要宣言创造条件。
林肯总统几个月来一直在考虑一项关于南方黑奴的宣言，这就是后来着名的解放奴隶宣言。
1862年8月底，南军指挥官罗伯特·李在维吉尼亚州的马纳萨斯击败了北军主力部队，战场距离华盛顿只有不到五十公里。
一年前，南军就曾在那里打败过北军，一年后再传捷报。
在胜利的鼓舞下，李将军决定大胆行动，把战火烧到北方去。
他率领六万部队跨过波托马克河进入马里兰，下令部下夺取哈珀斯费里的北军据点，其余人直奔波托马克沿岸小镇夏普斯伯格。
罗伯特·李将军让部下在镇子外面的安蒂特姆河边安营扎寨，战线全长近三公里，他选择这里做为阵地，也是因为这儿离维吉尼亚不远，如果北军部队过于强大的话，可以迅速撤退。
北军部队9月中旬到达后，没有立刻行动，用了整整一天的时间，在安蒂特姆河对岸安顿下来。
第二天清晨向南军发起攻击。
北军将领麦克莱伦将军本打算全线进攻，但是没能做到。
北军部队首先对南军防线一端发起进攻，这部分南军一直延伸到高高的玉米地里；北军部队随后又向南军中段发起攻击，这部分南军驻守在一条破旧低洼的道路上，易守难攻；北军部队最后对南军防线的另外一端发起进攻。
南军将领罗伯特·李将军每次都能调兵遣将，有效抵挡住北军的攻击。
北军部队最远推进到离南军阵线25米远的地方，但是没能冲破南军防线。
安蒂特姆战役第一天，南军损失了四分之一的兵力；第二天双方都疲惫不堪，因此偃旗息鼓。
就在双方休战、养精蓄锐之际，北军援兵陆续赶到。
南军指挥官李将军知道，北军次日一定会全面进攻，他绝没有胜利的希望，只好忍痛下令撤退。
#096 - 译文Abraham Lincoln, Part 1
THE MAKING OF A NATION #96 - Abraham Lincoln, Part 1译文林肯任命新内阁截止到1861年2月1号，南方先后已经有七个州退出联邦。
他们成立了自己的独立共和国，取名美国南方邦联。
南方这些州之所以决定退出联邦，是因为共和党人林肯当选总统。
南方人相信，林肯一定会支持修改宪法，全面取缔奴隶制度。
他们担心，自己的生活方式岌岌可危。
当选总统林肯离开家乡伊利诺伊，坐火车前往华盛顿走马上任。
他沿途多次发表讲话。
快到华盛顿的时候，林肯听到消息，说有暴民准备袭击他坐的列车，林肯被迫秘密走完了剩下的旅程。
就职典礼九天前，林肯抵达华盛顿。
那是一段繁忙的日子。
林肯要跟很多人谈话，包括一些参加和平大会的代表。
这次和平大会，除了退出联邦的各州外，都派了代表参加。
代表们要求林肯支持蓄奴，不要因为奴隶问题而发动战争。
林肯只保证，他会忠实执行作为美国总统应尽的责任，捍卫美国宪法。
林肯等待宣誓就职期间，挑选了内阁成员。
他希望共和党内部的所有派系在内阁里都有代表。
林肯觉得，这么做能让共和党团结一致，帮助他渡过日后的难关。
林肯(左四)与他的内阁成员林肯选择威廉·西沃德担任国务卿，选择萨蒙·蔡斯担任财政部长，选择吉迪恩·韦尔斯担任海军部长，选择布莱尔担任邮政总局局长。
西沃德不喜欢其他三个人，表示没法跟他们共事。
林肯表示，如果西沃德不愿意当国务卿，可以担任美国驻英大使。
西沃德最后还是同意加入内阁。
3月4号总统就职。
当选总统林肯跟即将卸任的总统布坎南一起坐马车参加就职典礼。
布坎南告诉林肯说，如果你就职的心情跟我离任的心情一样愉快的话，那你一定是世界上最快乐的人。
就职典礼在国会大厦外举行。
宣誓前，林肯发表就职演说。
林肯的就职演说经过了精心准备，他希望说明自己在奴隶和脱离联邦这两大问题上的立场，因为这些是造成国家分裂、走向内战的问题。
林肯说：“南方各州的人民似乎担心，共和党政府上任，会让他们的财产、他们的平静和个人安全受到威胁。
《解放黑人奴隶宣言》
解放黑人奴隶宣言1862年9月22日，合众国总统曾发出一道宣言，其内容如下：“1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；公众国政府行政部门，包括海陆军当局，将承认并保障这些人的自由，当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。
政府的行政部门将于上述的元月1日，以公告宣布那些州或那些州的那些地区的人民当时尚在反抗合众国，如果有的话；在那一天任何一州或其人民以大多数合法选举人参加选举出来的代表参加合众国国会，同时没有强有力的反证时，这种事实就是该州及其人民没有反抗合众国的确实证据”。
所以现在我，合众国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，以在反抗合众国政府当局的武装叛变时期被授权为合众国海陆军总司令的职权，作为一个适当的、必须的战略措施以便镇压上述叛变，特于1863年元月1日，从上面第一次所说之日起至今足足一百天的期间，根据这样的目的公开宣布现在反对合众国者有如下诸州及某些州的下列地区及其人民：阿肯色、得克萨斯、路易西安那（除去圣伯尔拿、普拉奎明、哲斐孙、圣约翰、圣查理、圣詹姆士、亚森湘、亚森普欣、得里保恩、拉伐什、圣马利、圣马丁以及奥尔良等郡，包括新奥尔良城在内）、密西西比、亚拉巴马、佛罗里达、乔治亚、南卡罗来纳、北卡罗来纳和弗吉尼亚（除去西弗吉尼亚四十八个郡以及柏克立、阿康玛克、诺珊普顿、依利萨伯、约克、安公主、诺福克等郡包括诺福克和朴茨茅斯两城在内），这些除开的地区现在仍暂时维持本公告发出之前的原有状况。
为着上述的目的，我利用我的职权，正式命令并宣告在上述诸州以及某些州的上述地区以内所有作为奴隶的人现在和今后永远获得自由；合众国政府，包括海陆军当局在内，将承认并保持上述人们的自由。
我现在命令这些被宣布自由的人们，除非是必须的自卫，不得有违法行为；我劝告他们，在任何可能的情况下，他们应当忠实地为合理的工资而劳动。
林肯葛底斯堡演说中英文对照翻译
林肯葛底斯堡演说中英文对照翻译林肯的讲话是极简短、极朴素的。
这往往使那些滔滔不绝的讲演家大瞧不起。
葛底斯堡战役后，决定为死难烈士举行盛大葬礼。
掩葬委员会发给总统一张普通的请帖，他们以为他是不会来的，但林肯答应了。
既然总统来，那一定要讲演的，但他们已经请了著名演说家艾佛瑞特来做这件事，因此，他们又给林肯写了信，说在艾佛瑞特演说完毕之后，他们希望他“随便讲几句适当的话”。
这是一个侮辱，但林肯平静地接受了。
两星期内，他在穿衣、刮脸、吃点心时也想着怎样演说。
演说稿改了两三次，他仍不满意。
到了葬礼的前一天晚上，还在做最后的修改，然后半夜找到他的同僚高声朗诵。
走进会场时，他骑在马上仍把头低到胸前默想着演说辞。
那位艾佛瑞特讲演了两个多小时，将近结束时，林肯不安地掏出旧式眼镜，又一次看他的讲稿。
他的演说开始了，一位记者支上三角架准备拍摄照片，等一切就绪的时候，林肯已走下讲台。
这段时间只有两分钟，而掌声却持续了10分钟。
后人给以极高评价的那份演说辞，在今天译成中文，也不过400字。
Commented by 鱼化石：林肯的这篇演说是演说史上著名的篇章，其思想的深刻，行文的严谨，语言的冼练，确实是不愧彪炳青史的大手笔。
尤其是其中的第二段，建议加以仔细分析，其语义的承转，结构的安排，甚至包括其句式的使用，无一不是极尽推敲之作。
GETTYSBURG ADDRESSAbraham LincolnDelivered on the 19th Day of November, 1863Cemetery Hill, Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaFourscore and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new Nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now, we are engaged in a great Civil War, testing whether that Nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.We are met on a great battlefield of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting-place for those who gave their lives that Nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it far above our power to add or detract.The world will little note norlong remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us; that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion; that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom; and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth.葛底斯堡演说亚伯拉罕·林肯，1963年11月19日87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创立了一个新国家，它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。
林肯在葛底斯堡的演说中英对照
林肯在葛底斯堡的演说(中英对照）Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address(on Nov.19,1863)Four score and seven years ago，our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal。
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation，or any nation，so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure。
We are met on a great battle field of the war。
We have come to dedicate a portion of the field as the final resting—place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live。
It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this。
But , in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate，we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground。
The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our power to add or to detract。
林肯就职演说原文1
林肯就职演说原文1林肯的第二任总统就职演说这篇演说的讲稿是人类历史上最伟大的演说词，永久地刻在了林肯纪念堂里，英文原文是：At this second appearing to take the oath of the presidential office，there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement，somewhat in detail，of a course to be pursued，seemed fitting and proper. Now，at the expiration of four years，during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention，and engrosses the energies of the nation，little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms，upon which all else chiefly depends，is as well known to the public as to myself; and it is，I trust，reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. With high hope for the future，no prediction in regard to it is ventured.On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago，all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil war. All dreaded it--all sought to avert it. While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place，devoted altogether to saving the Union without war，insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war--seeking to dissolve the Union，and divide effects，by negotiation. Both parties deprecated war; but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive; and the other would accept war rather than let it perish. And the war came.One eighth of the whole population were colored slaves，not distributed generally over the Union，but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar andpowerful interest. All knew that this interest was，somehow，the cause of the war. To strengthen，perpetuate，and extend this interest was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union，even by war; while the government claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither party expected for the war，the magnitude，or the duration，which it has already attained. Neither anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with，or even before，the conflict itself should cease.Each looked for an easier triumph，and a result less fundamental and astounding. Both read the same Bible，and astounding to the same God; and each invokes His aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread fromthe sweat of other men's faces; but let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered; that of neither has been answered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. "Woe unto the world because of offence！ for it must needs be that offence s come; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh！" If we shall suppose that American Slavery is one of those offences which，in the providence of God，must needs come，but which，having continued through His appointed time，He now wills to remove，and that He gives to both North and South，this terrible war，as the woe due to those by whom the offence came，shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes which the believers in a Living God always ascribe to Him? Fondly do we hope--fervently do we pray--that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet，if God wills that it continue，until all the wealth piled by the bond-man's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toilshall be sunk，and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash，shall be paid by another drawn with the sword，as was said three thousand years ago，so still it must be said "the judgments of the Lord，are true and righteous altogether"With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right，as God gives us to see the right，let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle，and for his widow，and his orphan--to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace，among ourselves，and with all nations.最后两段译文：(交战)每一方都在寻求一个快速的、不伤根本的胜利。
美国_独立宣言_中英文对照
美国《独立宣言》中英文对照The Declaration of IndependenceIN CONGRESS, JUL Y 4,1776 THE UNANIMOUSDECLARATION OF THETHIRTEEN UNITEDSTA TES OF AMERAICAWhen in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws Nature and Nature’s God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among them, deriving their just power from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, thant right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security. Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is usurpations, all having in direct object tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good.He has forbidden his Governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only.He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.]He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing with manly firmness his invasion on the rights of the people.He has refused for a long time, after such dissolution, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have returned to the people at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the meantime exposed to all the dangers of invasion from withoutand convulsion within.He has endeavored to prevent the population of these states; for that purpose obstructing the laws of naturalizing of foreigners; refusing to pass others to encourage their migration hither, and raising the condition of new appropriations of lands.He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent of laws for establishing judiciary powers.He has made judges dependent on his will alone, for the tenure of their office, and the amount and payment of their salary.He has erected a multitude of new officers, and sent hither swarms of officers to harass our people, and eat out our substances.He has kept among us, in times of peace, standing armies without the consent of our legislatures.He has affected to render the military independent of and superior to the civil power.He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our laws; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation.For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us;For protecting them, by a mock trial, from punishment for any murder which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States.For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world;For imposing taxes on us without our consent;For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury;For transporting us beyond seas to be tried for pretended offenses;For abolishing the free systems of English laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an arbitrary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule these Colonies;For taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments;For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever.He has abdicated government here, by declaring us out of his protection and waging war against us.He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people.He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries to complete the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely parallel in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation.He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.He has excited domestic insurrection amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes, and conditions.In every stage of these oppressions we have petitioned for redress in the most humble terms: our repeated petition have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thusmarked by every act which may define a tyrant is unfit to be the ruler of a free people.Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them from time to time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpation, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our separation, and hold them., as we hold the rest of mankind, enemies in war, in peace friends.We, therefore, the Representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled , appealing to the supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name, and by authority of the good people of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United States Colonies and Independent States; that they are absolved by from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alliances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which Independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor.在人类事务发展的过程中，当一个民族必须解除同另一个民族的联系，并按照自然法则和上帝的旨意，以独立平等的身份立于世界列国之林时，出于对人类舆论的尊重，必须把驱使他们独立的原因予以宣布。
Gettysburg-Address-林肯葛底斯堡演说-中英对译版
Gettysburg Address 葛底斯堡演说Abraham Lincoln 亚伯拉罕·林肯（美国第16任总统）Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.八十七年以前，我们的祖先在这块大陆上创立了一个孕育于自由的新国家，他们主张人人生而平等，并为此而献身。
（在八十七年前，我们的国父们在这块土地上创建一个新的国家，乃基于对自由的坚信，并致力于所有人皆生而平等的信念。
）Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives to that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.现在我们正进行一场伟大的内战，这是一场检验这一国家或者任何一个像我们这样孕育于自由并信守其主张的国家是否能长久存在的战争。
我们聚集在这场战争中一个伟大战场上，将这个战场上的一块土地奉献给那些在此地为了这个国家的生存而牺牲了自己生命的人，作为他们的最终安息之所。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
林肯解放黑人奴隶宣言(中英文对照)林肯：解放黑人奴隶宣言THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:By the President of the United States of America:1862年9月22日，一个瘦弱而伟大的总统用颤抖的双手签署了这份宣言，他知道虽然该宣言会激起奴隶主们的反抗，可能会造成国家南北的分裂。
但为了结束一个资本主义与奴隶制并存的畸形社会，他用颤抖的双手签了，虽然此后他的担心成真了，而且自己还被同情奴隶制的蒲斯刺杀了。
但统一后的美利坚合众国在通往现代化的道路上一路狂飙，创造了无数现代文明，引领了整个20世纪。
这个丑陋而羸弱的总统也成就了美国历史上最伟大的总统。
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION:By the President of the United States of America:A PROCLAMATIONWhereas on the 22nd day of September, A.D. 1862, a proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing, among other things, the following, to wit:"That on the 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom."That the executive will on the 1st day of January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the States and parts of States, if any,in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any State or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such States shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States."Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-In-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for supressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, A.D. 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of one hundred days from the first day above mentioned, order and designate as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States the following, to wit:Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana (except the parishes of St.Bernard, Palquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terrebone, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the city of New Orleans), Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia (except the forty-eight counties designated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkeley, Accomac, Morthhampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Anne, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which excepted parts are for the present left precisely as if this proclamation were not issued.And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated States and parts of States are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the Executive Government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons.And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence; and I recommend to them that, in all case when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages.And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service ofthe United States to garrison forts, positions, stations, and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God.On Jan. 1, 1863, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln declared free all slaves residing in territory in rebellion against the federal government. This Emancipation Proclamation actually freed few people. It did not apply to slaves in border states fighting on the Union side; nor did it affect slaves in southern areas already under Union control. Naturally, the states in rebellion did not act on Lincoln‘s order. But the proclamation did show Americans--and the world--that the civil war was now being fought to end slavery.Lincoln had been reluctant to come to this position. A believer in white supremacy, he initially viewed the war only in terms of preserving the Union. As pressure for abolition mounted in Congress and the country, however, Lincoln became more sympathetic to the idea. On Sept. 22, 1862, he issued a preliminary proclamation announcing that emancipation would become effective on Jan. 1, 1863, in those states still inrebellion. Although the Emancipation Proclamation did not end slavery in America--this was achieved by the passage of the 13TH Amendment to the Constitution on Dec. 18, 1865--it did make that accomplishment a basic war goal and a virtual certainty.DOUGLAS T. MILLERBibliography: Commager, Henry Steele, The Great Proclamation(1960); Donovan, Frank, Mr. Lincoln‘s Proclam ation (1964); Franklin, John Hope, ed., The Emancipation Proclamation (1964).1862年9月22日，合众国总统曾发出一道宣言，其内容如下：“1863年元月1日起，凡在当地人民尚在反抗合众国的任何一州之内，或一州的指明地区之内，为人占有而做奴隶的人们都应在那时及以后永远获得自由；公众国政府行政部门，包括海陆军当局，将承认并保障这些人的自由，当他们或他们之中的任何人为自己的自由而作任何努力时，不作任何压制他们的行为。