地点和方位介词

地点介词和方位介词
一．地点介词：
1.定义：与地点词连用的一类词；
2.分类：in/ at/ on等；
（1）in +表示大地点的地点名词（国家/城市等）；
e.g. in Beijing 在北京
in New York在纽约
in China在中国
(2）at +表示小地点的地点名词（机场/家等）；
e.g. at home在家里
at airport在机场
（3）特殊的地点介词用法：
e.g. on the farm在农场
in the hotel在旅店
(4) 地点介词用特殊疑问词where或是what place进行提问。

e.g. ①Where is Tom?
He is in Shanghai.
②What place does Mary live in? = Where does Mary live?
She lives in New York.
二．方位介词：
1. 定义：在一个地点的某个方位。

2. 分类：
(1) in 意为“在……里面”；
e.g. in the desk在桌子里面
in the classroom在教室里
in the box在盒子里
(2) on 意为“在……上面”；
e.g. on the table在桌子上面
on the book在书上面
on the wall在墙上面
(3) under 意为“在……下面”；
e.g. under the desk在课桌下面
under the bed在床下面
under the sofa在沙发下面
(4) behind意为“在……后面”；
e.g. behind the door在门后面
behind Tom在汤姆的后面
behind the library在图书馆后面
(5) in front of 意为“在……的前面”，特指物体内部的前面；
in the front of意为“在……的前面”，特指物体外部的前面。

e.g. The blackboard is in the front of the classroom.
The store is in front of the classroom.
Tom sits in front of Mary in the classroom.
(6) near意为“在……的附近”；
e.g. The supermarket is near the library.
My book is near Tom’s cup.
(7) next to意为“在……的旁边”；相当于beside;
e.g. The book is next to my blue pen.
My father stands beside me.
(8) across from意为“在……的对面”；
e.g. The bookstore is across from the street.
The supermarket is across from the dining hall.
(9) between…and … 意为“在……和……之间”，通常指两者之间；
among意为“在……之间”，通常指三者或三者以上之间。

e.g. The restaurant is between the supermarket and the bookstore.
There are many flowers among trees.
(10) 方位介词通常用特殊疑问词where来进行提问。

e.g. Where are my books?
They are in the bookstore.
Where is the closest supermarket?
It’s next to the Chenxing Restaurant.
(11) in the middle of…“在……的中部”。

e.g. The tree lies in the middle of the playground.
Tom stands in the middle of the crowd.
3.易混词辨析：
(1)near与nearly辨析：
near为方位介词，意为“在……附近”；通常与表示地点的词连
用；
nearly意为“大约，接近”，常与数词连用，相当于about“大约”。

e.g. The park is near the library.
The number of students in our classroom is nearly 100.
(2)behind与after的辨析：
behind意为“在……后面“，为方位介词，通常和地点连用；
after意为“在……之后“，为时间介词，通常与时间连用。

e.g. My father likes reading a book behind the library.
Tom will go to Beijing to study math after this summer.
(3)beside与besides的辨析：
beside意为“在……旁边“，为方位介词，常与地点连用；
besides意为“除此之外（还有）“，不与地点连用，不是方位介
词。

e.g. I sit beside my father in the photo.
Mary has a good time besides Tom and I.
(4)before与in (the) front of 的辨析；
before意为“在……之前“，为时间介词，和表示时间的词连用；
in front of 意为“在……的前面”，为方位介词，通常与地点连用，特指物体内部的前面；
in the front of意为“在……的前面”，为方位介词，通常与地点连用，特指物体外部的前面。

e.g. Tom had studied Japanese before 2018.
The library is in front of the classroom.
The blackboard is in the front of the classroom.
(5)in与on的辨析：
in与on均可作方位介词，表示“在……的上面“；
①in通常表示嵌入物体内部的上面；
on通常表示物体表面的上面
e.g. The photo is on the wall. (照片挂在墙的表面)
The photo is in the wall. (照片嵌入墙里面)
②in the tree“在树上“，至其他东西在树上；
on the tree”在树上”，指本身长在树上的东西在树上。

e.g. There are many leaves on the tree.
There is a bird in the tree.。