PEP人教版小学英语五年级上册期中考试试题(附听力及答案)
第一学期五年级期中考试英语卷满分100分考试时间40分钟学生姓名_______________ 得分_________________Listening Part 听力部分（30分）一．听录音, 根据你所听到的内容，选出正确的图片，并将图片的序号填在括号里。
听两遍(10分)Part AA B C D E1.（）2.（）3.（）4.（）5.（）Part BA B C D E6.（）7（）8.（）9.（）10.（）二．根据问句选出正确的答语。
听两遍。
（10分）1.A. I like Mondays. B. I have maths, science, music and PE.2.A. Noodles. B. I’d like some tea, please.3.A. He likes sports. B. He is tall and funny.4.A. Ms White. B. I like my Chinese teacher.5.A. I’d like some fish. B. My favorite food is ice cream.三．听录音并将横线上缺失的单词补充完整。
听两遍。
（10分）Hello! I’m Sun. I’m 12 years old. I’m from Canada. I go to school from ____________to__________. Ms Lee is our teacher. She teaches music, _____________and______________. We have Chinese, too. Our Chinese teacher is Qiu. She is fromChina. She is ____________and _____________. I always eat lunch at school. I like______________and ______________.They’re __________.But my teacher says they’re not _____________. Tell me about your school days in China.Writing Part 笔试部分（70分）一．选出下列各组中不同类的单词。
(10分)( ) 1. A. Monday B. day C. Sunday( ) 2. A. music B. funny C. strict( ) 3. A. Chinese B. English C. weekend( ) 4. A. salad B. hamburger C. fresh( ) 5 .A. food B. d elicious C. sweet二．选出下列划线部分读音不同的单词。
(10分)( ) 1. A. happy B. sunny C. shy( ) 2. A. cow B. yellow C. window( ) 3. A. eat B. pear C. read( ) 4. A. black B. bread C. blue( ) 5. A. coffee B. feet C. beef三．选择填空。
(10分)( ) 1. ____your art teacher? Ms WangA .What’s B. Where’s C. Who’s( ) 2. --- Is she quiet? --- _______A. No, she isB. Yes, she isC. Yes, she isn't.( ) 3. I would like a sandwich and some _________.A.ice creamsB. ice creamC. an ice cream( ) 4. --- What do we have on Mondays? --- We have _______.A. musicB. FridayC. food( ) 5. What do you often do______ the weekend?A. withB. on.C. about( ) 6. I often play______ PipaA. theB. aC. /( ) 7. What ______is it today?A. dayB. todayC. date( ) 8. Do you often wash your clothes on the weekend?A. No, I am notB. Yes, I do C .Yes, I don’t( ) 9. What _____you like to eat?A. isB.areC. would( ) 10. What’s your favourite drink?A.sandwichB. orange juiceC. ice cream四．看图完成下列句子（10分）1. Today is _____________.2. I often _______________ on Sunday.3. The ice cream is ____________.4. I often_______________ on the weekend.5. Zhang Peng’s Chinese teacher is ___________.五．给下列问句选择正确的答语。
(10分)1.（）Is he young? A. a sandwich, please.2.（）Do you often read books? B. Miss White.3.（）What would you like to eat? C. Yes, I do.4.（）Who’s your English teacher？ D. I have PE and music.5.（）What do you have on Mondays E. No, he isn’t.六．连词成句。
（10分）1.on, weekends, do, often, read, books, you, the (?)_____________________________________________________2.a, tea, sandwich, like, some, I’d ,and(.)_____________________________________________________3.Miss White, kind, strict, is, but, a, little, sometimes , very (.)____________________________________________________4.favorite, is, ice cream, my, food, is, it, sweet (.)____________________________________________________5.have, do, what,on, you, Mondays (?)____________________________________________________七．阅读理解。
阅读下面对话，根据对话内容判断下列句子的对错，正确的在括号里写“T”，错误的写“F”。
(10分)Sarah: Hi, Chen Jie.Chen Jie:Hi, Sarah. Do you have new teachers?Sarah: Yes. We have three new teachers.Chen Jie:Who are they?Sarah: An English teacher, a music teacher and a Chinese teacher.Chen Jie:Wow, it’s so good. Who’s your English teacher?Sarah: Miss White. She’s very kind and funny. Her class is so much fun.We all like funny teachers.Chen Jie: What’s she like?Sarah: She’s tall and thin. She’s young. We have English class today.Chen Jie: That’s great!( ) 1. Sarah has three new teachers.( ) 2. Miss White is a music teacher.( ) 3. Miss White is short and thin.( ) 4. Sarah has English class today.( ) 5. Miss White is young.录音材料：一．听录音, 根据你所听到的内容，选出正确的图片，并将图片的序号填在括号里。
听两遍。
Part A1.On the weekend, Amy often reads books in the park.2.Zhang Peng usually plays football games with his friends on Sundays.3.Chen Jie often washes her clothes on Saturdays.4.Oliver does his homework every day.5.Sarah likes watching TV on Sunday evenings.PartB6.We have hamburgers on Tuesdays. They’re delicious.7.Amy’s favorite food is ice cream. It’s sweet.8.Sarah likes vegetable salad very much. It’s fresh and healthy.9.On Mondays, we have chicken for lunch.10.Would you like a sandwich?二．根据问句选出正确的答语。
听两遍。
1.What do you have on Mondays?2.What would you like to drink?3.What is your maths teacher like?4.Who is your new science teacher?5.What’s your favorite food?三．听录音并将横线上缺失的单词补充完整。
2024-2025学年人教版(PEP)小学五年级英语上册期中同步检查卷及答案
2024-2025学年人教版（PEP）小学五年级英语上册期中同步检查卷班级：________________ 学号：________________ 姓名：______________一、听力题（每题3分）1.Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.Dialogue:A: What’s your favorite subject?B: My favorite subject is English.Question:What’s B’s favorite subject?A. MathB. EnglishC. ScienceAnswer: B2.Listen to the recording and select the item that you hear.Recording: The cat is sleeping on the sofa.Question: What is the cat doing?A. EatingB. SleepingC. Playing3.Listen carefully and match the pictures with the correct words.Recording: apple, banana, orange(Pictures of an apple, banana, and orange are shown.)Question: Match the pictures with the words.(Picture of an apple) - A(Picture of a banana) - B(Picture of an orange) - CAnswer: Apple - A, Banana - B, Orange - C4.Listen to the instructions and circle the correct response.Recording: Point to the girl who is wearing a red dress.(Pictures of a boy in a blue shirt, a girl in a red dress, and a girl in a yellow skirt are shown.)Question: Circle the girl in the red dress.(Picture of the girl in the red dress should be circled.) Answer: (The picture of the girl in the red dress is circled.)5.Listen to the story and answer the question.Story: Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Lily. She loved to read books. Every day after school, she would go to the library and read.Question: What did Lily love to do?A. Play outsideB. Watch TVC. Read books二、单选题（每题3分）1.— What does your mother do?She is a ____. She teaches English.A. doctorB. teacherC. farmerD. workerAnswer: B2.—____your sister like swimming?Yes, she does.A. DoB. DoesC. IsD. AreAnswer: B3.My sister often____TV after dinner.A. watchB. watchesC. watchedD. is watching4.I’d like____some bread and milk for breakfast.A. eatB. to eatC. to haveD. haveAnswer: C5.There____a lot of books in the library.A. areB. isC. amD. beAnswer: A三、多选题（每题4分）1.Which of the following are school subjects? (Select two)A. MathB. BasketballC. ScienceD. SwimmingAnswer: A, C2.Which days of the week are weekdays? (Select two)A. MondayB. SaturdayC. WednesdayD. SundayAnswer: A, C3.What are the colors of the traffic lights? (Select all that apply)A. RedB. OrangeC. GreenD. BlueAnswer: A, C (Note: Orange is sometimes used in traffic lights, but not always. For simplicity, we’ll assume only red and green are given.)4.Which of these are fruits? (Select two)A. AppleB. CarrotC. BananaD. PotatoAnswer: A, C5.What are the basic shapes in geometry? (Select two)A. CircleB. RectangleC. LineD. TriangleAnswer: A, D (Note: While a line is a fundamental concept in geometry, it is not typically considered a “shape” in the sense of this question.However, if the intention is to include it, the answer would be A, B, D, or A, C, D.)四、阅读理解（每题4分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:I have a friend. His name is Tom. He is a boy. He is eleven years old. He lives in a smalltown near the sea. He likes to play football and he is good at it. He often plays football with his friends after school. His favorite color is blue. He has a blue schoolbag and a blue T-shirt. He is also a kind boy. He often helps his classmates with their homework.Tom’s dream is to be a football player. He hopes to play in the World Cup one day.Questions:1.What is Tom’s age? (4 points)Answer: Eleven years old.2.Where does Tom live? (4 points)Answer: He lives in a small town near the sea.3.What is Tom’s favor ite sport? (4 points)Answer: Football.4.What color is Tom’s schoolbag? (4 points)Answer: Blue.5.What is Tom’s dream? (4 points)Answer: To be a football player and play in the World Cup.Note: The reading comprehension section is designed to test the stude nts’ ability to understand the basic information presented in the passage. The questions cover details such as age, location, hobbies, preferences, and dreams. The answers are directly derived from the passage to ensureaccuracy.五、作文（30分）Title: My Favorite SeasonDirections: Write a short essay about your favorite season. Include reasons why you like it and activities you enjoy doing during that season. (You may use the example below as a reference.)Example:My Favorite SeasonMy favorite season is spring. It is a time of renewal and growth, bringing new life to everything around us.When spring comes, the flowers begin to bloom, painting the world in a rainbow of colors. The air is filled with the sweet smell of blossoms, and the chirping of birds fills the air with joy. The sun shines brightly, warming the earth and melting away the cold of winter.During spring, I enjoy going on picnics with my family. We pack a deliciouslunch and head to the nearest park, where we can admire the beauty of nature. Sometimes, we even go for a hike in the nearby mountains, where we can see wildflowers blooming along the trails.I also love planting seeds in my garden during spring. Watching them grow into beautiful plants gives me a sense of accomplishment and joy.In conclusion, spring is my favorite season because it brings joy, warmth, and the promise of new beginnings. It is a time of hope and happiness that I cherish every year.。
人教PEP英语五年级上册期中试卷(含答案)
人教PEP英语五年级上册期中试卷（含答案）听力部分(30分)一、听录音，选出与所听内容相符的图片。
(5分)()1.A. B.()2.A. B.()3.A. B.()4.A. B.()5.A. B.二、听对话，判断下列句子正(T)误(F)。
(5分)()1.Mr Li is our music teacher.()2.My father is kind.()3.I often wash my clothes and read books on Thursdays.()4.I'd like to drink some hot tea.()5.Peter is tired.三、听录音，为听到的问句选出正确的答句。
(10分)()1.A.No,he isn't. B.Yes,he does. C.No,she isn't. ()2.A.She is very shy. B.I like maths. C.I would like some tea. ()3.A.No,I don't. B.An apple,please. C.I have English.()4.A.Yes,I do. B.Yes,please. C.No,thanks. ()5.A.It's delicious. B.I have maths. C.Noodles.四、听短文，根据短文内容判断句子正(T)误(F)。
(10分)()1.Mary's favourite food is sandwiches.()2.Mary likes tea very much.()3.Mary has science on Friday.()4.The science teacher is strict.()5.Mary often watches TV on Saturday and Sunday.笔试部分(70分)五、根据图片及首字母提示补全单词。
人教PEP版五年级英语上册期中综合测试卷含答案
人教PEP版五年级英语上册期中综合测试卷时间：40分钟满分：100分题号一二三四五六七八九十十一十二总分得分听力部分(30分)一、听句子, 选出你所听到的单词或词组。
(5分)()1. A. heavy B. healthy C. health()2. A. tea B. tired C. thirsty()3. A. sweet B. strict C. shy()4. A. on Tuesdays B. on Thursdays C. on Saturdays()5. A. play sports B. play football C. play ping-pong 二、听句子, 将下面图片排序。
(5分)()() () () ()三、听对话, 判断下列句子与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(10分)() 1. Mr Li is our music teacher.() 2. My father is kind.() 3. I often wash my clothes and read books on Thursdays.() 4. I'd like to drink some hot tea.() 5. Peter is tired.四、[新考法]听四段独白, 在表格内填入相应的单词或词组。
(10分)Name Character Weekend activities (活动) Favourite food Why Tim tall and strong 1. __________ hamburgers delicious Mike 2. __________ read books 3. _________ sweet Sam polite 4. __________ salad fresh Linda helpful wash her clothes fish 5. _____笔试部分(70分)五、判断下列每组单词画线部分的发音是(T)否(F)相同。
PEP人教版小学英语五年级上册期中考试试题(附听力及答案)
第一学期五年级期中考试英语卷总分值100分考试时刻40分钟学生姓名_______________ 得分_________________Listening Part 听力部份（30分）一．听录音, 依照你所听到的内容，选出正确的图片，并将图片的序号填在括号里。
听两遍(10分)Part AA B C D E1.（）2.（）3.（）4.（）5.（）Part BA B C D E6.（）7（）8.（）9.（）10.（）二．依照问句选出正确的答语。
听两遍。
（10分）1.A. I like Mondays. B. I have maths, science, music and PE.2.A. Noodles. B. I’d like some tea, please.3.A. He likes sports. B. He is tall and funny.4.A. Ms White. B. I like my Chinese teacher.5.A. I’d like some fish. B. My favorite food is ice cream.三．听录音并将横线上缺失的单词补充完整。
听两遍。
（10分）Hello! I’m Sun. I’m 12 years old. I’m from Canada. I go to school f rom____________to__________. Ms Lee is our teacher. She teaches music, _____________and ______________. We have Chinese, too. Our Chinese teacher is Qiu. She is from China. She is ____________and _____________. I always eat lunch at school. I like______________and ’re my teacher says they’re not _____________. Tell me about your school days in China.Writing Part 笔试部份（70分）一．选出以下各组中不同类的单词。
2020-2021学年人教PEP版五年级上册英语期中测试 含听力材料和答案
人教版（PEP）五年级英语上册期中考试测试卷（本试卷满分100分，建议考试时间70分钟）听力部分（40分）一、听录音两遍，选出你所听到的选项。
（10分，每小题1分）（）1.A.Monday B.Sunday C.Thursday（）2.A.funny B.friendly C.young（）3.A.tea B.seaC.beef（）4.A.wash B.watch C.warm（）5.A.fresh B.healthy C.sweet（）6.A.salad B.sandwich C.sport（）7.A.clever B.delicious C.thirsty（）8.A.maths teacher B.music teacher C.science teacher（）9.A.favourite food B.favourite fruit C.favourite drink（）10.A.do homework B.do housework C.read books二、听录音两遍，给下列图片排序。
（10分，每小题1分）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）三、听录音两遍，选择正确的答语。
(10分，每小题2分)（）1.A.Mr Zhao. B.He's tall and thin. C.She's active.（）2.A.Yes,he is. B.No,she isn't. C. No,he is.（）3.A.It's sunny. B.I like Wednesdays. C.It's Wednesday.（）4.A.I often read books and watch TV.B.I have computer and science.C.We have green beans and potatoes.（）5.A.I'd like some tomatoes and hamburgers.B.I like oranges and grapes.C.I have rice and beef on Tuesdays.四、听录音两遍，填空。
人教版PEP英语五年级上册期中测试卷(含答案和听力材料)
五年级 英语 期中测试卷（考试时间：90分钟 满分：100分 ）I 听力（30分）一、听录音，选择你所听到的单词，并将所选答案的字母代号填入题前括号内。
每小题听两遍。
（每小题1分，共10分）( ) 1.A.funny B.sunny C. Sunday ( ) 2.A.with B. wash C.watch( ) 3.A.fresh B. fish C.friend ( ) 4.A.home B. homework C.housework ( ) 5.A.Ms B. Miss C. Mr. ( ) 6.A.thirsty B.thirty C.party ( ) 7.A.Tuesday B.Thursday C.Wednesday ( ) 8.A.week B.weekend C. weekday ( ) 9.A.Monday B.any C. many ( )10.A.eat B.tea C.meat二、 听录音,选出与你所听内容相符的图片。
（每小题2分，共10分）) 1. A. B.( ) 2. A. B.Thursday Tuesday ( )3. A. B.( ) 4. A. B.( ) 5. A. B.得分三、听录音, 给所听到的句子选择相应的答语。
(10分)阅卷人( ) 1. A. Yes, he is . B. No, she isn ’t. ( ) 2. A.A sandwich, please. B.We have maths. ( ) 3. A.He is kind. B.She is young. ( ) 4. A.She is my English teacher. B.She is quiet. ( ) 5. A.Beef noodles. B.Orange juice.四、听录音，给下列句子排序。
(10分)( ) I'd like a salad.( ) My favourite food is hamburgers.( ) Do you often wash your clothes on the weekend? ( ) My maths teacher is an old man. He ’s strict. ( ) What ’s your mother like?五、选出每组单词中不同类的一项。
人教PEP版五年级英语上册期中试卷(含听力音频和答案)
人教PEP版五年级英语上册期中试卷五年级英语满分：100分时间：60分钟听力部分（40分）一、听录音，选出你所听到的单词。
听两遍。
（10分）（）1．A. politely B. polite C. police （）2．A. careful B. helpful C. hungry （）3．A. some time B. sandwich C. sometimes （）4．A. finish B. friendly C. favourite （）5．A. Thursday B. Tuesday C. Thanks （）6．A. Wednesday B. weekend C. want（）7．A. February B. food C. Friday（）8．A. Sunday B. SaturdayC. Sunny（）9．A. sandwich B. school C. short（）10．A. hard B. hot C.old二、听录音，按所听顺序用阿拉伯数字给下面的图片排序。
听两遍。
（10分）（）（）（）（）（）三、听录音，选出你所听到的句子的应答语。
听两遍。
（10分）（）1．A. I like young teachers. B. I’d like some milk. C. I’d like some rice.（）2．A. Yes,he is. B. Yes,she does. C. Yes,she is.5A期中 双击打开收听.mp3（）3．A. We have PE. B. We’d like some food. C. We eat some bread.（）4．A. He has maths! B. He’s kind. C. He likes beef noodles.（）5．A. English. B. Orange juice. C. Fish sandwich.四、听短文，完成下面各题。
人教pep版五年级上册期中测试卷(含听力材料及答案)
人教pep版五年级上册期中测试卷（含听力材料及答案）时间: 40分钟满分: 100分第一部分听力(30分)一、听句子, 选出你所听到的单词。
(5分)()1. A. Tuesday B. Thursday C. Saturday()2. A. polite B. clever C. funny()3. A. salad B. sandwich C. hamburger()4. A. hot B. sweet C. fresh()5. A. watch B. wash C. weekend二、听句子, 给下列图片排序。
(5分)() () () ()()三、听问句, 选出正确的答语。
(10分)()1. A. No, he isn't. B. Yes, he's my maths teacher.()2. A. I play football. B. I have English and maths.()3. A. Yes, I do. B. Me, too.()4. A. I'd like some water. B. Yes, please.()5. A. Milk. It's healthy. B. Fish. It's delicious.四、听短文, 判断下列句子与所听内容是(T)否(F)相符。
(10分)()1. Linda's favourite food is salad.()2. We do our homework together on Thursdays.()3. Linda has a dancing class on Mondays.()4. Linda goes swimming on Wednesdays.()5. Linda washes clothes on the weekend.第二部分笔试(70分)五、读一读, 判断下列单词中画线部分发音是(T)否(F)相同。
五年级英语上册期中测试卷及答案(人教PEP版)
五年级英语上册期中测试卷及答案（人教PEP版）听力部分45%一、Listen and choose（听录音，选出所听到的单词）10%()1．A．Mr.B．Miss C．Mrs.()2．A．you B．young C．your()3．A．active B．smart C．kind()4．A．Tuesday B．Thursday C．Monday()5．A．Sunday B．sunny C．sun()6．A．pear B．bear C．wear()7．A．salad B．science C．small()8．A．week B．weekday C．weekend()9．A．salty B．sour C．tasty()10．A．Sun.B．Sat.C．Wed.二、Listen and number（听音，标号）8%三、Listen and choose（听问句，选答句）7%()1．A．I like apples. B．I’d like some mutton.()2．A．We have math.B．We have beef and rice.()3．A．We have cabbage.B．I often watch TV.()4．A．It’s Monday.B．Tomorrow is Monday.()5．A．He’s smart.B．He likes vegetables.()6．A．I like Coke.B．I like red.()7．A．Yes, she is. B．No, he isn’t.四、Listen and write（听录音，完成下列句子）10%1．__________ your English teacher? __________ she _________?2．I often _________ _________ on weekends3．What would you like for ________ _________? _________，please. 4．What’s your favourite _________? I like __________ and apples.五、Listen and judge（听短文，判断。
2024-2025学年人教版(PEP)小学五年级英语上册期中质量自测题及答案
2024-2025学年人教版（PEP）小学五年级英语上册期中质量自测题班级：________________ 学号：________________ 姓名：______________一、听力题（每题3分）Question 1:Listen to the dialogue and choose the correct answer.A. She likes playing football.B. She likes reading books.C. She likes watching TV.Answer: BQuestion 2:Listen to the conversation and circle the word you hear.A. appleB. bananaC. orangeAnswer: CQuestion 3:Listen to the instructions and write down the correct time.A. 7:30B. 8:15C. 9:00Answer: AQuestion 4:Listen to the short passage and answer the question. What does John want to be when he grows up?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A scientist.Answer: BQuestion 5:Listen to the words and choose the word that doesn’t belong.A. springB. summerC. autumnD. pencilAnswer: D二、单选题（每题3分）1.What’s this in English?A. This is a book.B. It’s a pen.C. That’s a ruler.D. It’s a pencil.Answer: D2.— What color is your bag?— ___________.A. It’s a red bag.B. It’s red.C. Yes, it’s red.D. No, it’s not red. Answer: B3.How many apples do you have?A. I have an apple.B. I have two apples.C. They are apples.D. I like apples.Answer: B4.— What’s your favorite food?— ___________.A. I like apples.B. I like playing football.C. I have a book.D. I can dance.Answer: A5.— Where is your mother?— She’s___________the kitchen.A. onB. inC. underD. atAnswer: B三、多选题（每题4分）Question 1: Choose all the correct answers. Which of the following are school supplies?A. PencilB. BasketballC. EraserD. NotebookE. AppleAnswer: A, C, DQuestion 2: Which of the following words have the same vowel sound as “cat”?A. CakeB. DogC. HatD. BedE. MapAnswer: A, CQuestion 3: Which of the following sentences are correct?A. He is play the piano.B. She likes to eat apples.C. I am go to school.D. They have two apples.E. She don’t want to go.Answer: B, DQuestion 4: Choose all the animals that can fly.A. ElephantB. BirdC. FishD. ButterflyE. TurtleAnswer: B, DQuestion 5: Which of the following describe the weather?A. SunnyB. TallC. ColdD. BlueE. HotAnswer: A, C, E四、阅读理解（每题4分）Reading ComprehensionPassage:It was a beautiful sunny day. The children were playing in the park. Tom and Jerry were playing football. Suddenly, the ball flew towards a little girl, Lucy. She was about to cry when Mike, a big boy, caught the ball in time. Lucy smiled and said, “Thank you, Mike.”Mike smiled back and said, “You’re welcome.” After that, Mike joined Tom and Jerry to play football. They played happily together.Questions:1.What was the weather like that day? (4 points)Answer: It was a beautiful sunny day.2.Who were playing football? (4 points)Answer: Tom and Jerry were playing football.3.What happened to Lucy when the ball flew towards her? (4 points)Answer: She was about to cry.4.Who caught the ball in time to prevent Lucy from getting hurt? (4 points)Answer: Mike caught the ball in time.5.How did Lucy feel after Mike caught the ball? (4 points)Answer: Lucy smiled and felt grateful.五、作文（30分）Title: My Favorite SeasonDirections: Write a short composition about your favorite season. Include reasons why you like it and some activities you enjoy doing during that season. Remember to use proper grammar and punctuation. You can refer to the following example.Example:My favorite season is spring. I love it because it brings warmth and new life to everything. The flowers bloom, the trees turn green, and the birds sing happily. During spring, I enjoy going for picnics in the park with my family. We fly kites, play frisbee, and have delicious picnic food under the warm sun. I also like to plant flowers and vegetables in my garden.Watching them grow makes me feel very happy. Spring is a season of hope and new beginnings. I cherish every moment of it.Your Composition:(Write your composition here.)Note: The example provided gives students a clear idea of what is expected in the writing section. It covers the basic structure of an essay(introduction, body, and conclusion) and includes descriptive language, reasons for preference, and enjoyable activities. Students can follow this format to compose their own essays about their favorite season.。