浙江自考语言与文化试卷及答案解析.doc
浙江2020年4月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I.Multiple-choice(30%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The relation between language, thought and culture is that ______.A. the three aspects interact, each influencing and shaping the other twoB. culture most influences the other twoC. language most dominates the other twoD. thought most influences the other two2. In English, “sdylh”is not a possible word and “green made he”is not an acceptable sentence. It proves that language is ______.A. arbitraryB. systematicC. symbolicD. vocal3. Body language normally includes ______.A. gesturesB. gestures, facial expression, distance held between interlocutorsC. facial expressionD. distance held between interlocutors4. The word “woman”can be defined conceptually as an adult female who is biped and has a womb. The other features such as “gregarious”, “subject to instinct”, “long hair wearing”are its ______ meaning.A. conceptualB. affectiveC. connotativeD. collocative5. In the U. S.A., the fourth Thursday in November, set apart for recalling the goodness of God, is called ______.A. Boxing DayB. ThanksgivingC. EasterD. St. Valentine’s Day6. A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called______.A. hot dogB. puddingC. hamburgerD. sandwich7. “Attain”, “acquire”, and “obtain”came from ______.A. FrenchB. English originC. Old NorseD. Latin8. In English ______ are derivational morphemes.A. all the prefixesB. all the suffixesC. those phrases that represent the grammatical categoriesD. those word endings represented the grammatical categories9. If a student wants to express his gratitude for professor’s help, he can say ______.A.I am so sorry I am wasting your timeB.I hope I didn’t disturb youC. Don’t you mind I disturb you?D. Thank you so much. I really appreciate your help10. In English speaking countries you usually introduce ______, not the other way around.A. a man to a womanB. a woman to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to a young man11. When you want to compliment the new coat John wears you can say ______.A. “That’s a very nice coat．It must be very expensive”B.“You look much more beautiful in this coat”C.“How much did you pay for this coat?”D.“You look lovely in this coat，who bought it for you?”12. “A working party was set up to look into the problem”. Here “look into”means ______.A. to settleB. to deal withC. to investigateD. to face13. “To keep one’s nose to the grindstone”is the same meaning with ______.A. to continue working hardB. to do something very carefullyC. to look for something smallD. to feel very tired14. “Milk and water”means ______.A. something drinkableB. something that is inoffensive but feebleC. something in complete harmonyD. complete understanding between friends15. The proverb “each cross hath its own inscription”is related to ______.A. the history of EnglandB. individualismC. ChristianityD. Bible16. A woman of breathtaking beauty can be referred to as a ______.A. JulietB. CinderellaC. CleopatraD. Miss Right17. “To kick off”derived from ______.A. baseballB. soccerC. boxingD. card games18. “A Pandora’s box”derived from the box sent by the Gods to Pandora refers to a present or something______.A. which brings happiness but looks uglyB. which seems valuable but brings misfortuneC. which can create anything its owner wantsD. which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroom19. “______”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are food.A. That is a budding theoryB. Let me put in my two cent’s worthC. There are too many facts here for me to digest them allD. He ran out of ideas20. “Blue blood”means ______.A. humble lineageB. courageous personalityC. timid lineageD. aristocratic lineage21. Which of the following colors is associated with jealousy?A. whiteB. greenC. grayD. blue22. “Sanitation engineers”is an euphemism, referring to ______.A. dustmenB. plumbersC. medical workerD. electricians working in a hospital23. “I’d love to join in. Only I don’t know how to play”demonstrates ______ relation between the two sentences.A. a causalB. a temporalC. an additiveD. an adversative24. English speakers think highly of originality and novelty. As a result, we can find many ______ in English advertising.A. hyperbolesB. homophonesC. punsD. coinages25. The word in American English for “lift”is ______.A. cellB. elevatorC. jailD. bucket26. Which of the following belongs to the American English dialect?A. flatB. autumnC. timetableD. drugstore27. The British English equivalent for “私立学校”is ______.A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school28. The distance zone ranging from 8 feet to the limits of one’s vision and hearing is referred to as the ______zone.A. intimateB. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. public29. “Stamping one’s foot”signifies ______ in English body language.A. frustrationB. impatienceC. remorseD. irritation30. In English speaking countries smell of ______ is thought to be undesirable.A. perspirationB. creamsC. powdersD. lotionsII.Gap-filling(15%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1. Federal legislature of the U. S. A. is ______.2. ______ refers to a theatrical act in which a woman removes her clothes in front of the audience.3. A sweet dish typically composed of fruit and flour and fat, boiled or steamed，or of fruit baked with pastry is called ______.4. The English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”is ______.5. ______ is the grammatical morpheme for plurality in Chinese.6. ______ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation and not through the use of conjunctions.7. “The man ran away when he saw the dog”is an example showing ______ relation.8. ______ refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve lived.9. “Hancock”signifies ______.10. “Cognitive psychology is still in its infancy”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are ______.11. A white night is simply a ______ night.12. “Chairperson”and “humankind”are too words coined in English to avoid ______.13. ______ is used as an euphemism for “surprise attacks”.14. The word “chowder”is borrowed from ______.15. The word in American English for“pail”is ______.III.Translation (20%)A: Translate the following into Chinese1. Niagara Falls2. a big fish in a small pond3. to kick the bucket4. to be in a family way5. deductive argumentationB: Translate the following into English6. 您有何高见？7. 聪明人不吃眼前亏8.《水浒传》9. 首相10. 寿终正寝IV. Discuss the following topics.(35%)1. What are the topics that are considered by English speakers too personal to talk about?2. What differences are there in eye behaviors between English and Chinese nonverbal communication systems?3. Discuss the word “privacy”and its equivalent in Chinese “隐私”to see the related individualism in bothcultures?。
(最新整理)4月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which one of the four alternatives best completes the statement (20%).1. The medium of verbal interaction is _____. ( )A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication2. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey _____ meaning. ( )A. affectiveB. reflectedC. socialD. conceptual3. The Chinese name “党生”is related to _____. ( )A. the date of birthB. the place of birthC. historical eventsD. natural phenomena4. The Chinese counterpart for “Busman’s holiday”is _____. ( )A. 公共汽车驾驶员的假日B. 公共汽车乘务员的假日C. 消磨于与日常工作类似之活动的假日D. 公交车日5. English and Chinese advertising differ in what can be advertised. In English _____ cannot be advertised. ( )A. sexual serviceB. domestic serviceC. medicinesD. cigarettes6. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by _____. ( )A. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatB. a raised open hand, palm forwardC. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachD. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throat17. Cowboy can represent the _____ aspects of culture. ( )A. geographicalB. politicalC. ChristianD. historical8. When you received a gift from your friend on your birthday, normally your response is _____.( )A. “It’s very beautiful, but I already have one.”B. “You may give it to Jane. She will love it.”C. “It’s so nice, I love it. Thank you.”D. “No, thank you. For it costs you too much.”9. “to kick the bucket”is often associated with _____. ( )A. to get into a temperB. to dieC. to have bad luckD. to go to bed10. “That idea went out of style years ago”illustrates the metaphor that ideas are _____.( ) A. people B. productsC. commoditiesD. fashion11. “Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens”is synonymous to _____. ( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid12. “White room”corresponds to _____. ( )A. 白色的房间B. 病房C. 空房D. 绝尘室13. A Don Quixote represents _____. ( )A. a captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of womenB. an idealistic and impractical personC. a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought of act ofrebellingD. a handsome young man, passionate, dashing, who has a way with woman14. “The weather cleared just as the party approached the summit. Until then they had seen2nothing of the panorama around them.”demonstrates _____ relation between the two sentences. ( )A. a temporalB. a causalC. an adversativeD. an additive15. “She drives me out of my mind”is a metaphorical expression about love is _____.( ) A. a physical force B. madnessC. magicD. patient16. It has been claimed that English texts develop _____. ( )A. in a spiral wayB. in a linear fashionC. in a flowery styleD. in a way of much uses of hyperboles17. “A black day”is a day _____. ( )A. when something sad or disastrous happensB. when something remarkable and usually pleasurable happensC. when something should be rememberedD. when there is no moon or sun18. The word in American English for “staff”is _____. ( )A. stuffB. facultyC. teacherD. employee19. _____ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation/intonation and not through the use of conjunctions. ( ) A. logical B. hypotacticC. paratacticD. hypocritical20. The distance zone ranging from touching to 18 inches is referred to as the _____ zone.( ) A. intimate B. casual-personalC. socio-consultativeD. publicⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)31. Culture is a _____ phenomenon. ( )A. systematicB. socialC. nationalD. historical2. _____ are facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars. ( )A. Drive insB. MotelsC. HotelsD. Diners3. Possible answers to the question “Have they never invited you home?”could be _____.( ) A. Yes, they have never. B. No, they have never.C. Yes, they have.D. No, they have.4. Michael Stone is a professor, so it is quite common for his students to call him _____.( ) A. Michael B. Professor StoneC. Michael StoneD. Professor Michael5. In English culture “pink”can be associated with _____. ( )A. something bestB. something unpleasantC. womenD. dismal6. Words pejorative in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese are _____.( ) A. propaganda B. dragonC. comradeD. peasant7. V ocatives normally include _____, epithets, etc. ( )A. greetingsB. standard appellativesC. terms for occupationsD. names8. “To throw in the sponge”_____. ( )A. derives from baseballB. means “abandon a struggle or contest”C. derives from boxingD. means “acknowledge defeat”9. When people are introduced to others, they often say to each other, “_____”. ( )A. How are you?B. How do you do?C. How have you been?D. Nice to meet / know you.410. If someone says, “What a big house you’ve got”, the complimented might respond, “_____”.( )A. Thank you. It’s quite big.B. Thank you, I was lucky to be able to get it.C. Thank you, but I think it’s not as big as yours.D. Oh, you really think so?Ⅲ. Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (24%)1. ___________ is a collection of religious books comprising the Old Testament and New Testament.2. The British English equivalent for “check”is ___________.3. English pronouns are marked for four cases: ___________, objective, genitive determinative and genitive independent.4. “保持一身清白”corresponds to “___________”in English.5. ___________ is a book with the telephone numbers of different shops, restaurants, business, organizations, etc.6. “Homer sometimes nods.”can be translated into “___________”in Chinese.7. In its broad sense culture is the attributes of man, and it is also called “large C culture”or “___________ culture”.8. The English equivalent for “黄道吉日”is ___________.9. Beautician is an euphemism, referring to ___________.10. It is generally accepted that at the sentential level ___________ relations are observed far more frequently in English than in Chinese.11. The Chinese equivalent for “Wester”is ___________.12. Through the study of psychological time, three psychological orientations have emerged: the past, ___________, and future.Ⅳ. Translation (16%)A. Translate the following into Chinese. (8%)1. Niagara Falls2. Rats desert a sinking ship.53. totem4. Excuse me, would you tell me the way to the nearest post-office?B. Translate the following into English. (8%)1. 敬请光临2. 趁热打铁3. 五月结婚，悔恨终身4. 红白事Ⅴ. Define the following terms. (10%)1. language2. the present-oriented society3. similes and metaphors4. taboos5. text structuresⅥ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Are “please”in English and “请”in Chinese used in the same way in communication? If they are not, what differences can you find between them?2. What cross-cultural contrast can you find between English and Chinese when naming their children?6。
2020年10月浙江自学考试语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年10月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、单项选择题(本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.按“四呼”来给汉语音节中的韵母归类，uan属于( )A.开口呼B.齐齿C.合口呼D.撮口呼2.音素［h］和［f］和的差别是由__________的差别形成的。
( )A.音高B.音重C.音长D.音质3.辅音［f］是( )A.塞音B.擦音C.塞擦音D.边音4．元音［u］具有下列发音特征中( )A.不圆唇元音B.圆唇高元音C.低元音D.前元音5．汉语普通话系统中没有下列发音部位( )A.双唇B.小舌C.唇齿D.舌面前6．英语可以直接用数词修饰名词，汉语数词修饰名词一般要加上一个( )A.量词B.数词C.名词D.代词7.下列各组词中全部属于复合词的一组是( )1A.大学、阿姨B.学习、老虎C.劳动、孟子D.道路、盖儿8.下列各组词中，全部属于单纯词的一组是( )A.花儿、妯娌B.逶迤、菩萨C.袈裟、老虎D.茉莉、木头9.下列各组复合词中属于偏正式的一组是( )A.汉语、雪白、害虫B.司机、丢脸、缺德C.抓紧、改善、纠正D.胆怯、性急、口吃10.“优良”和“优秀”这对近义词的差别主要体现在词义的__________不同。
( )A.范围大小B.强调重点C.程度D.感情色彩11.下列反义词中属于绝对反义词的一组是( )A.有限——无限B.复杂——简单C.困难——容易D.亏本——赢利12.英语动词walk后面加上ed，这种变化属于语法范畴中的__________变化。
( )A.体B.时C.格D.态13.与“组织策划”结构相同的组合是( )A.阳光充足B.调查研究C.已经开始D.在家休息14.下列句子没多义的是( )A.我喜欢打蛋B.我倒了一杯水C.炮架在山上D.在火车上写字15.句子的__________是根据句子的用途和语气分出来的句子类型。
2020年4月浙江自考语言与文化试卷及答案解析
浙江省2018年4月自学考试语言与文化试卷课程代码：10058Ⅰ. Multiple choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. The relationship between language and culture is that ________.( )A. the former determines the latterB. the latter determines the formerC. the two are parallelD. the two interact2. While “handsome woman”and “pretty woman”are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ________ associations of these two objectives.( ) A. collocative B. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic3. A young man or young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress is called________.( )A. hippieB. knightC. koalaD. poke4. A fortified place occupied only by army or a fortified trading post is called ________.( )A. castleB. fortC. lynchD. terrapin5. Pork, mutton and beef are loan words from ________. ( )A. FrenchB. LatinC. IndianD. English6.English is often referred to as a ________ language because it relies heavily on conjunctions to indicate the relationship between linguistic units. ( )A. paratacticB. branchingC. hypotacticD. linear7. Religious name “John”means ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 上帝是神圣的B. 约翰1C. 上帝的朋友D. 上帝是仁慈的8. “Giles”means ________ in Chinese.( )A. 剑B. 盾C. 剑之王D. 贾尔斯9.In English speaking countries you usually introduce ________, not the other way round.( )A. a woman to a manB. a man to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to a young man10.English speakers usually give small gifts to ________ on his or her birthday.( )A. a new acquaintanceB. a good friendC. a public servantD. a casual friend11.If you look up to someone, you ________ them.( )A. likeB. rebukeC. admireD. disagree12.“To keep one’s nose to the grindstone”is the same meaning with ________.( )A. to continue working hardB. to do something very carefullyC. to look for something smallD. to feel very tired13.“Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens”is synonymous to ________.( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid14.“To keep one’s own company”means ________.( )A. not mixed with others in a friendly or social wayB. to be independentC. to be selfishD. to be egocentric15.“A Damocles sword”refers to ________.( )A. forthcoming dangerB. a beautiful ornamentC. a sword that can bring its owner happiness2D. a sword that can bring its owner disaster16.“I just can’t swallow that claim”illustrates the metaphor that ________.( )A. ideas are peopleB. ideas are foodC. ideas are productsD. ideas are commodities17. “Their marriage is on its last legs”illustrate the metaphor about ________.( )A. love is madnessB. love is a patientC. love is magicD. love is a physical force18. “A green Christmas”refers to ________.( )A. a Christmas with vigor and energyB. a Christmas full of jealousy and envyC. a Christmas without snowD. a Christmas with fruit and vegetables19. “A black mood”refers to ________.( )A. a person always in a good temperB. a fit of depression, bad temper usually temporary, though perhaps recurringC. a person always in a bad temper is due to failD. a dying person who has always a bad temper20. “Blue book”is ________.( )A. a book with a blue coverB. a book with names of well-known persons, especially government officialsC. an important bookD. a book only for children21. “Involuntarily leisured”is a euphemistic expression for ________.( )A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped22.“I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action.”demonstrates ________ relation between the two sentences.( )A. an additiveB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. a causal23.The American English equivalent for “私立学校”is ________.( )3A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school24. It has been claimed that ________ are probably the most significant areas of the body for nonverbal communication.( )A. gesturesB. posturesC. facial expressions and eye behaviorsD. body languagesⅡ. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1.“Language is vocal”means that speech is the primary medium of language while writing is ________.2.The English equivalent for “铁石心肠”is ________.3. The festival celebrated on February 14 is called ________.4. ________ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation and not through the use of conjunctions.5.The English equivalent for “趁热打铁”is ________.6.One can tell from the sentence “she is missing the boat”that she is ________.7. ________ refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve fist lived.8.The ________ is a symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.9.Slender is an euphemism, referring to ________.10.“I didn’t know that you were interested in politics. Neither did I.”demonstrates a(n) ________ relation between the two sentences.Ⅲ. Define the following terms (20%)1.Idiom2.Honorifics3.Deductive argumentation4.Primary territoryⅣ. Translation (16%)1.White Smith2.April Fool’s Day43.To pull somebody’s leg4.The marriage of true minds5.昙花一现6.前车之覆，后车之鉴7.黄道吉日8.苦役Ⅴ. Discuss the following topics (30%)1.What differences do you know between English and Chinese when it comes to ways of addressing strangers?2.Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?3.What are “five clocks”? In what situation they should be used?5。
(全新整理)1月浙江自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月自考语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。
1.语言学直到19世纪才成为一门科学，在这之前的语言研究只能称之为“语文学”。
( )2.语言既是一种物质实体，又是一种社会现象。
( )3.语言获得主要是通过有意识的教或学的形式，即所谓直觉习惯和模仿强化等来完成的。
( )4.词的内部语素与语素的组合形式不完全等同于句法结构的形式，即词的构造具有某些特殊类型。
( )5.一般说，前缀在构词中除了改变词的抽象意义外，也往往改变词的词类。
( )6.大脑的语言功能完全是通过后天的学习、训练获得的。
( )7.一部分思维活动完全可以摆脱语言独立进行。
( )8.作为来源语的母语对作为目标语的外语会产生影响，这就叫做“语言迁移”。
( )9.目前汉字输入就已经可以采用语音合成技术。
( )10.文字改革必须要注意解决书面语的历史继承性问题，否则就会割断历史文化传统，引起多数人的反对。
( )二、单项选择题(本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.关于语言研究，下列说法中不正确的是( )Ａ.语言的研究可以着重于语言的“本体”，重点研究语音、语法、语汇、语义等系统内部的结构规律Ｂ.语言的研究指的就是对于语言和人脑思维之间关系的研究Ｃ.语言的研究可以从不同的角度，采用不同的方式来进行Ｄ.由于研究的范围、目的、方法等等的不同，会形成各种不同的语言学派2.下列说法正确的是( )A.语言符号具有任意性，因此不同的语言符号之间都是独立存在、互不联系的Ｂ.语言是一个系统，这个系统具有相对的封闭性，很少受到外界各种因素的影响C.语素是可以自由运用的最小的语言单位D.无论从语音学还是从语义学的角度来看，语素都是最小的不可再分的单位3.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )A.组合关系又称句段关系，其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题Ｂ.我们通常所说的“词类”，指的就是一种在组合关系中具有相同语法功能的类C.语言单位的组合，只能采取线性的序列形式D.在语链中，在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能4.普通语言学指的是( )A.语言学研究中的初级阶段B.语言学研究的低级对象C.对人类语言进行一般性研究的科学D.对某一门语言进行普遍而适用的研究的学问5.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是( )A.［p］［f］B.［p］［m］C.［t］［p］D.［k］［m］6.下列关于韵律特征的表述中，不正确的一项是( )A.韵律特征指的是语音中除音质特征之外的音高、音长和音强方面的变化。
浙江2020年7月自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月自考语言与文化试题课程代码：10058请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. Multiple Choice(45%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1. Language is ______ in that there is no logical relationship between words and the objects these words are used to refer to.A. arbitraryB. symbolicC. vocalD.systematic2. In English“culture" is a loan word from ______.A. DutchB. FrenchC. SpanishD. Latin3. The medium of verbal interaction is ______.A. thoughtB. languageC. cultureD. communication4. The chief Christian feast on the first Sunday after the full noon that comes after the spring equinox is called ______.A. EasterB. St. Valentine’s DayC. Thanksgiving DayD. Boxing Day5. Connotative meaning, social meaning, affective meaning, reflected meaning and collocative can be brought together under the heading ______ meaning.A. thematicB. associativeC. peripheralD. conceptual6. Such interjections as “aha”, “my God”, “oh”, “dear”are chiefly used to convey ______ meaning.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. thematicD. connotative7. In English culture young, middle-aged and old often correspond to ______.A. 18,40,60B. 18,30,50C. 18,35,55D. 18,45,658. Which of the following is considered an appropriate form of address in English culture?A. Director SmithB. Mayor BushC. Teacher JonesD. Manager Li9. “Goodbye”is derived from the expression______.A. “Good luck for you”B. “God bless you”C. “God be with you”D. “Looking forward to seeing you again”10. ______ can be said as a reply to thanks.A. It’s my dutyB. It’s my jobC. Nothing for thatD. You’re welcome11. When an English speaker picks up the phone，normally he would say ______.A. Hello，this is Mary speaking. Who is calling?B. Will you please tell me who you are?C. Will you please tell me whom you would like to speak to?D. Who are you?12. Which of the following reflects social amenities in English-speaking countries?A. Walk slowly, please.B. It’s my duty to help you.C. No. No. That’s not true.D. You’ve got a hard job.13. English idiom “look about”corresponds in meaning to ______ from French.A. seekB. despiseC. thinkD. examine14. When an Englishman says “I was only pulling your leg”he means: ______.A. I was only warning youB. I was only trying to prevent you from making progressC. I was only jokingD. I was only asking you for help15. “To make one’s flesh creep”means ______.A. to show no alarmB. to make surpriseC. to cause one to feel fearD. to make one uncomfortable16. A person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling can be referred to as ______.A. a HamletB. a ShylockC. an Uncle TomD. a Frankenstein17. “To throw in the sponge”derived from______.A. card gamesB. boxingC. baseballD. football18. “I’m insane about her”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. love is magicB. love is a patientC. love is madnessD. love is war19. “That idea won’t sell”illustrates the metaphor that ______.A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources20. “A white Christmas”refers to ______.A. snow at Christmas timeB. purity at Christmas timeC. innocence at Christmas timeD. nothing done at Christmas time21. “Red rag”conveys roughly the same meaning as “waving a red flag”which means ______.A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrate an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people22. “Involuntarily leisured”is a euphemistic expression for ______.A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped23. “Chink”and “洋鬼子”are clear cases of ______.A. swear wordsB. sexist languageC. terms of humilityD. verbal taboos24. Deductive argumentation has been related to ______.A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. deductive reasoningD. direct sentence25. Which style of oral English might be used for conducting most business matters?A. frozenB. formalC. consultativeD. casual26. The word in British English for “faculty”is ______.A. departmentB. stuffC. teacherD. staff27. Which of the following belongs to the British English dialect?A. flatB. candyC. scheduleD. drugstore28. ______ can be viewed as occurring whenever an individual communicates without the use of sounds.A. Nonverbal communicationsB. Facial expressionsC. GesturesD. Postures29. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger”signifies ______ in English culture.A. sadnessB. good luckC. respectsD. secrecy30. “I’m full”is signified in English culture by ______.A. an open hand, palm down, raised to one’s throatB. one or both open hands lightly patting one’s own stomachC. a raised open hand, palm forwardD. moving quickly his open hand, palm down, across his throatII. Gap Filling(15%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1. Margaret Thatcher is a former leader of ______ Party in Great Britain.2. Words such as old，peasant，comrade，do-gooder and propaganda are ______ in meaning in English but positive or neutral in Chinese.3. Dog for male, female and young respectively is ______.4. The English equivalent for“跑表”is ______.5. “Rest room”corresponds to ______ in Chinese.6. The word endings such as “-s”, “-ed”“-ing”and “-er”are called ______.7. The English equivalent for “人不犯我，我不犯人”is ______.8. Holistic thinking interacts with Chinese，thus the ______ sentence pattern can be observed in Chinese.9. The proverb “rats deserts a sinking ship”is related to ______.10. “A Judas”alludes to a ______.11. ______ is something useless, seldom used, or too costly to be worth maintaining.12. The euphemistic expression “to be in a family way”means______.13. The British English equivalent for “ticket office”is ______.14. “Plough”is spelled in American English as ______.15. ______ created the victory gesture.Ⅲ. Translation (20%)A: Translate the following into Chinese1. a black sheep2. Man proposes, God disposes3. to put one’s foot in one’s mouth4. Continental Congress5. the marriage of true mindsB: Translate the following into English6. 捧腹大笑7. 一见钟情8. 英联邦国家9. 智者千虑，必有一失10. 敬请指正Ⅳ. Discuss the following topics. (20%)1. Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?2. List several proverbs to discuss individualism in English culture.3. Why is it said that English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese a language with implicit grammar? Discuss this linguistic contrast in relation to English and Chinese cultures.。
浙江10月自学考试语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年10月自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题(判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。
每小题1分，共10分)1. 语言符号的主要特点是任意性和线条性。
( )2. 元音和辅音的最重要的区别是有无气流呼出。
( )3. 成语和惯用语的结构限制比较严格，组成成分既不能变动也不能拆开。
( )4. 语法规则既然是一种直觉知识和约定习惯，所以语法规则是不会改变的，如古代汉语和现代汉语的语法完全一样。
( )5. good/better/best这种形容词级的变化用的是屈折手段。
( )6. “忽然”和“突然”一样都是形容词。
( )7. “精良—粗劣”、“严寒—炎热”是绝对反义词。
( )8. 所有的自源文字都既有意符，又有音符。
( )9. 文字演变的一般趋势是线条化和简化。
( )10. 语言成分的借用最常见最突出的是词语的借用。
( )二、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题2分，共20分)1. 普通语言学从理论上讲是研究( )A. 个别民族语言的特殊规律B. 人类各种语言一般的共同规律C. 汉语普通话的发展规律D. 几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律2. 声调决定于( )A. 音高B. 音强C. 音长D. 音质3. 辅音［ｔ］是( )A. 塞音B. 擦音C. 塞擦音D. 边音4. 舌面后半高圆唇元音是( )A. ［ｙ］B. ［ｅ］C. ［ｕ］D. ［o］5. 英语working中的［-ing］是( )A. 构形语素B. 构词语素C. 词根语素D. 虚词语素6. “理发”是一个( )A. 语素B. 句子C. 词组D. 离合词7. 由语法形式表达的语义叫做( )A. 理性意义B. 非理性意义C. 语法意义D. 词汇意义8. 人们在反映客观现象的同时，还可能表现出对该现象的主观态度，从而在词的理性意义上增加了一层附加色彩，这种色彩是( )A. 感情色彩B. 语体色彩C. 形象色彩D. 音响色彩9. “我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是( )A. 我B. 吃C. 盘子里的菜D. 盘子10. 希腊文是( )A. 音位文字B. 辅音文字C. 音节文字D. 表意文字三、分析题(每小题10分，共20分)1. 指出下列名词中的词根、词缀、词尾。
7月浙江自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年7月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：10058I. Multiple Choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.1．The first anthropological definition of culture was offered by the British scholar( ) A. Edward B. Tylor B. Howard Lee NostrandC. George MurdockD. Nelson Brooks2．A hot, freshly cooked sausage sandwiched in a split roll of bread is( ) A. Hot dog B. SandwichC. HamburgerD. Pudding3．Facilities where people get served without having to leave their cars is called( ) A. drive-ins B. motelsC. dinersD. hotels4．“Disinterested”corresponds to ( )A. 公正的B. 不感兴趣的C. 讨厌的D. 无聊的5.The first week day after Christmas，a legal holiday in England is called( ) A. Thanksgiving Day B. Boxing DayC. EasterD. Anzac Day6. Deductive argumentation has been related to ( )A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. paratactic featuresD. direct personality7．“Laura”means ( )in Chinese.A. 月桂B. 劳拉C. 常青藤D. 百合8．“Henry”means ( ) in Chinese.A. 亨利B. 快乐C. 勇敢D. 家庭统治者9．( )can be said as a reply to thanks.A.“ It’s my duty”.B. “It’s my job”.C. “Nothing for that”.D. “You’re welcome”.10．When your English hostess asks you “would you like some more of this dish?”, your answer should be ( ) if you want.A.“Yes, please”.B. “Thank you”.C. “Yes, thank you”.D. “OK”.11．“My knee only hurts when I dance, that’s because I have two left feet”. The last sentence means ( )A. that’s because I have to be independentB. that’s because I have recove red after an illnessC. that’s because I dance swiftlyD. that’s because I am too clumsy12．“To make a cat laugh”is synonymous to ( )A. to be specially ludicrousB. to cause one to feel loathingC. to make a jokeD. to create a wonder13．“To keep one’s nose clean”is the same meaning with ( )A. to keep out of troubleB. to be fond of cleannessC. to separate from othersD. to feel fresh air14．“From whipping post to pillory”is related to( )A. individualismB. English literatureC. the history of EnglandD. Bible15．“Hit and run”derived from( )A. baseballB. footballC. horse racingD. boxing16. “That idea won’t sell” illustrates the metaphor that( )A. ideas are productsB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are moneyD. ideas are resources17. “Waving a red flag” means ( )A. doing something that could stop othersB. doing something that could cause other people’s attentionC. doing something that celebrates an event of happinessD. doing something that could cause quick anger in other people18. “A black spot” is a place ( )A. where unpleasant things occur regularly and without chance of improvementB. where everything is decorated in black colorC. where people use to honor something or somebodyD. where people are due to have bad fortune19. The Chinese equivalent for “blue film” is( )A. 伤感电影B. 黄色电影C. 蓝色电影D. 暴力电影20. “Red blooded” corresponds to ( )A. 精力充沛的B. 现行犯的C. 共产党人的D. 红色政权的21. “( ) ” can be got as a reply when you ask an English speaker questions such as “how old are you?”, etc.A. None of your businessB. I’m afraid I can’t tell youC. I’m thirty, thank youD. I’m sorry I don’t remember22．It is often said that Chinese learners of English speak( ) English because they learn it mainly through reading.A. bookishB. excellentC. standardD. common23．In American English “cookie”is a loan word from Dutch, meaning ( ) in Chinese.A. 炊具B. 厨师C. 曲奇饼干D. 厨房24. “Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger” signifies() in English speaking countries.A. good luckB. sadnessC. respectsD. secrecyII. Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1．There are more than four hundred words for camel in Arabic while there is only one word for it in English or Chinese. It reflects such fact that language is strongly influenced and shaped by _______ .2．The Federal legislature of the USA is_______ .3．The word in British English for “corn”is _______ .4．The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness in Chinese may bebrought about by different _______ traditions of English speaking countries and China.5．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a _______ language.6．_______ refers to a meek person who submits to indignities and sufferings without any thought or act of rebelling.7．The English equivalent for “对牛弹琴”is “_______ ”.8．The English equivalent for “黑货”is “_______ ”.9．“_______”refers to a strike breaker, someone who accepts work in place of strikers.10．The English speakers who expect a text to be developed_______ may find it difficult to follow a spirally developed text.III. Define the following terms (20%)1．Individualism2．Taboos3．Coherence and cohesion4．Public territoryIV. Translation (16%)1．Red hunter2．Orthodox Eastern Church3．A marriage of convenience4．Even reckoning makes long friends.5．智者千虑，必有一失6．红茶7．白手起家的人8．白菜V.Discuss the following topics (30%)1．How do English speakers bid farewell to one another? What cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese farewell?2．What are the English euphemisms for “lavatory”?3．How do you understand the statement that English speakers prefer deductive argumentation while Chinese speakers prefer inductive argumentation when producing argumentative texts?。
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⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯精品自学考试资料推荐⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯浙江省 2018 年 4 月自学考试语言与文化试卷课程代码： 10058Ⅰ. Multiple choice (24%)Directions: Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the fouralternatives best completes the statement.1. The relationship between language and culture is that ________.( )A. the former determines the latterB. the latter determines the formerC. the two are parallelD. the two interact2. While “ handsome woman” and “ pretty woman ” are both acceptable, they suggest different kinds of attractiveness because of the ________ associations of these two objectives.( ) A. collocative B. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic3. A young man or young woman who rejects authority, existing institutions and conventional attitudes towards morality, style of dress is called________.( )A. hippieB. knightC. koalaD. poke4. A fortified place occupied only by army or a fortified trading post is called ________.( )A. castleB. fortC. lynchD. terrapin5. Pork, mutton and beef are loan words from ________. ( )A. FrenchB. LatinC. IndianD. English6.English is often referred to as a ________ language because it relies heavily on conjunctions to indicate the relationship between linguistic units. ( )A. paratacticB. branchingC. hypotacticD. linear7. Religious name “John” means ________ in Chinese. ( )A. 上帝是神圣的B. 约翰1C. 上帝的朋友D. 上帝是仁慈的8. “ Giles” means ________ in Chinese.( )A. 剑B. 盾C. 剑之王D. 贾尔斯9.In English speaking countries you usually introduce ________, not the other way round.( )A. a woman to a manB. a man to a womanC. an old man to a young womanD. an old woman to a young man10.English speakers usually give small gifts to ________ on his or her birthday.( )A. a new acquaintanceB. a good friendC. a public servantD. a casual friend11.If you look up to someone, you ________ them.( )A. likeB. rebukeC. admireD. disagree12.“ To keep one’s nose to the grindstone” is the same meaning with ________.( )A. to continue working hardB. to do something very carefullyC. to look for something smallD. to feel very tired13.“ Show no surprise or concern about something unusual that happens” is synonymous to________.( )A. cast your eye overB. keep an eye out forC. turn a blind eyeD. not to bat an eyelid14.“ To keep one’s own company ” means ________.( )A. not mixed with others in a friendly or social wayB. to be independentC. to be selfishD. to be egocentric15.“ A Damocles sword ” refers to ________.( )A. forthcoming dangerB. a beautiful ornamentC. a sword that can bring its owner happiness2D. a sword that can bring its owner disaster16.“ I just can ’tswallow that claim ” illustrates the metaphor that ________.( )A. ideas are peopleB. ideas are foodC. ideas are productsD. ideas are commodities17. “ Their marriage is on its last legs ” illustrate the metaphor about ________.( )A. love is madnessB. love is a patientC. love is magicD. love is a physical force18. “ A green Christmas” refers to ________.( )A. a Christmas with vigor and energyB. a Christmas full of jealousy and envyC. a Christmas without snowD. a Christmas with fruit and vegetables19. “ A black mood ” refers to ________.( )A. a person always in a good temperB. a fit of depression, bad temper usually temporary, though perhaps recurringC. a person always in a bad temper is due to failD. a dying person who has always a bad temper20. “ Blue book ” is ________.( )A. a book with a blue coverB. a book with names of well-known persons, especially government officialsC. an important bookD. a book only for children21. “ Involuntarily leisured ” is a euphemistic expression for ________.( )A. sickB. retiredC. unemployedD. handicapped22.“ I was not informed. Otherwise I should have taken some action.” demonstrates ________ relation between the two sentences.()A. an additiveB. a temporalC. an adversativeD. a causal23.The American English equivalent for“私立学校”is ________.()3A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school24. It has been claimed that ________ are probably the most significant areas of the body for nonverbal communication.()A. gesturesB. posturesC. facial expressions and eye behaviorsD. body languagesⅡ . Gap-filling (10%)Directions: Each of the following statements has an underlined space. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.1.“ Language is vocal ” means that speech is the primary medium of language while writing is ________.2.The English equivalent for“铁石心肠”is ________.3.The festival celebrated on February 14 is called ________.4.________ relations refer to constructions whose components are linked in meaning through juxtaposition and punctuation and not through the use of conjunctions.5.The English equivalent for“趁热打铁”is ________.6.One can tell from the sentence “she is missing the boat” that she is ________.7.________ refers to paradise, derived from the garden in which Adam and Eve fist lived.8.The ________ is a symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.9.Slender is an euphemism, referring to ________.10.“ I didn ’t know that you were interested in politics. Neither did I.” demonstrates a(n) ________ relation between the two sentences.Ⅲ. Define the following terms (20%)1.Idiom2.Honorifics3.Deductive argumentation4.Primary territoryⅣ. Translation (16%)1.White Smith2.April Fool ’s Day43.To pull somebody ’s leg4.The marriage of true minds5.昙花一现6.前车之覆，后车之鉴7.黄道吉日8.苦役Ⅴ. Discuss the following topics (30%)1.What differences do you know between English and Chinese when it comes to ways of addressing strangers?2.Can you explain the reasons why there are more honorifics in Chinese than in English?3.What are “five clocks ” ? In what situation they should be used?5。