(全新整理)1月全国自考语言与文化试题及答案解析
1月全国自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：00541一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
每小题1分，共26分)1.关于语言与言语的关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )。
A.用文字记录下来的就是语言，用声音说出来的就是言语B.语言具有内在的一致的规律，而言语则不同，很难找到一致的规律C.语言是言语活动中社会成员约定俗成的共同使用的部分，是均质的D.言语具有个人特点，因此不同于社会约定俗成的“语言”2.最早的比较全面系统地阐述“语言”一般理论的著作通常认为是德国学者( )的《论人类语言结构的差异及其对人类精神发展的影响》。
A.黑格尔B.康德C.洪堡特D.歌德3.元音音质的差别主要是由下列( )决定的。
A.发音体B.共鸣腔的不同形状C.发音源D.发音部位4.下列各组辅音中都是双唇音的一组是( )。
A.［ｐ］［ｐ‘］B.［ｐ］［ｆ］C.［ｐ］［ｎ］D.［ｂ］［ｋ］5.语音的本质属性是( )。
A.物理属性B.生理属性C.心理属性D.社会属性6.北京人把“分配”［f n55p‘ei51］说成［f m55p‘ei51］，这种语音变化形象是( )。
A.同化B.异化C.弱化D.脱落7.下列四组合成词中，( )含有不成词语素。
A.火车B.热爱C.心疼D.端详8.一般说来，前缀在构词中通常( )。
A.只改变词的具体意义、不改变词的词类B.只改变词的抽象意义、不改变词的词类C.只改变词的词类、不改变词的具体意义D.只改变词的词类、不改变词的抽象意义19.“一张上海”这句话表面上看起来是词语搭配不当，其实是“买一张去上海的车票”这句话在特定场所(售票处)对话省略。
这种现象说明了( )。
A.语境对语法的作用B.修辞对语法的作用C.语汇对语法的作用D.语音对语法的作用10.“学习外语”和“政治学习”中的“学习”是( )。
A.边缘类的词B.兼类词C.同音词D.词性完全相同的词11.义素分析的基本方法是( )。
(全新整理)1月全国自考幼儿文学试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试幼儿文学试题课程代码：00386一、单项选择题(本大题共40小题。
每小题1分，共40分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要的。
请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未均无分。
1．为3～6岁儿童服务的幼儿文学特别注重（）A．科学性和知识性B．简约性和逻辑性C．教育性和系统性D．趣味性和娱乐性2．儿童文学的文体分类一般是在诗歌、小说、散文、戏剧的基础上增加了（）A．儿歌、童话、寓言、故事四种文体B．儿歌、童话、故事、小说、小品五种文体c．儿歌、童话、寓言、故事、科学文艺五种文体D．儿歌、童话、故事三种文体3．幼儿想象的特点是（）A．创造性想象为主B．想象主要依靠词语进行C．无意想象为主D．想象的内容不容易变化4．幼儿期儿童的意识处于（）A．“自我中心”状态B．“自由主义”状态C．“确证和发现”的状态D．“精神超越”的状态5．在中国文学史上受到历代儿童喜欢的是（）A．《水浒传》B．《封神演义》C．《聊斋志异》D．《西游记》6．葛翠琳的童话《野葡萄》的特点是（）A．着重表现复杂的情节B．着重表现儿童的快乐C．着重表现自然的奇妙D．着重表现美的心灵和美的事物7．快乐是幼儿文学的重要品质，下面童话中“纯娱乐”的作品是（）A．《海的女儿》B．《大林和小林》1C．《稻草人》D．《古里和古拉》8．下列句子中哪一句适宜作为幼儿文学用语（）A．山路崎岖不平B．山路凹凸不平C．山路高低不平D．山路坎坷不平9．在民间童话中，成为普遍的重复结构是（）A．一次重复B．二次重复C．三次重复D．四次重复10．英国作家米尔恩的作品是（）A．《鹅妈妈的故事》B．《列那狐的故事》C．《小熊温尼·菩》D．《木偶奇遇记》11．“灰姑娘”的形象类型是（）A．快乐滑稽的形象B．机智灵活的形象C．勤劳勇敢的形象D．美丽善良的形象12．在幼儿文学中词汇使用要尽量避免使用（）A．形象的词B．具体的词C．准确的词D．抽象的词13．增强幼儿文学语言形象性的修辞手法有（）A．摹状、比喻、拟人、夸张B．写实、抽象、夸张、讽喻C．概括、倒叙、回忆、隐喻D．象征、类比、借代、反讽14．有助于幼儿正确的掌握字音的儿歌是（）A．谜语歌B．绕口令C．游戏歌D．字头歌15．具有增强幼儿语言与动作协调性的儿歌有（）A．谜语歌B．绕口令C．游戏歌D．摇篮歌16．“四是四，十是十。
最新1月全国自考现代语言学试题及答案解析
全国2018 年 1 月自学考试现代语言学试题课程代码：00830I . Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C, or D in the brackets.(2% X 10=20% )1. The language behavior of particular persons on particular occasions is determined by manyother factors over and above their linguisticA. systemB. structureC. competenceD. performance2. When we pronounce the long vowels [i:] or [u:], our , which is a bony structure at theend of the windpipe, is in a state of tension. (A. larynxB. hard palateC. glottisD. vocal cords3. The word “ manuscript ” is a two-morpheme cluster which containsA. two rootsB. a root and a prefixC. a root and a suffixD. a root and a free morpheme4. The grammatical knowledge is represented through Phrase Structure Rules, which stateexplicitly all and only the possible combinations of the of a language, for example, in En glish, NP ( Det ) (Adj) N (PP) (S).A. phrasesB. clausesC. sentencesD. constituents5. The view that the meaning of a linguistic form is defined as the “ situation in which the speaker utters it and the response it calls forth in the hearer ” was proposed byA. PlatoB. Ogden and RichardsC. John FirthD. Bloomfield6. According to John Austin's theory of speech act, a(n) act is the change brought about bythe utterance. (A. prelocuti onaryB. locuti onaryC. illocutio naryD. perlocutio nary7. In 1786, Sir William Jones suggested that _____ bore to Greek and Latin a stronger affinitythan could possibly have been produced by accident.( )A. Germa nicB. Persia nD. Lithua nianC. Sa nskrit8. The existence of taboo words and taboo ideas stimulates the creation of euphemism, which shows that a word or phrase not only has a linguistic denotative meaning but also has a .( )A. con ceptual meaningB. conno tative meaningC. cultural meaningD. social meaning9. Dichotic liste ning research tells us a sig nal coming in the left ear will first go to the _____ hemisphere, from where it is tran sferred to the left side of the brain for process ing. ( )A. rightB. leftC. frontD. back10. Studies of the effects of formal in struct ion on sec ond Ian guage acquisiti on suggest that formalin structio n may help lear ners perform some of the followi ng types of tasks except ___ .( ) A. pla nned speech B. writ ingC. casual and spontan eous con versati onD. career-orie nted exam in ati on11. Directions: Fill in the bla nk in each of the follow ing stateme nts with one word, the firstletter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only, andyou are not allowed to cha nge the letter give n. (1% x 10=10%)11. Double a _____ refers to the property of Ianguage which means Ianguage is composed ofdiscrete units at two levels. At the lower level there is a structure of sounds, which are meanin gless. At the higher level there are morphemes and words, which are meanin gful.12. In the producti on of v ______ , the back of the ton gue is brought into con tact with the softpalate, or velum, e.g., [k] in cat, [g] in get and [ n ] in sting.13. Morphological rules are the rules that gover n which affix can be added to what type ofs ____ to form a new word.14. A sentence is a structurally in depe ndent unit that usually comprises a nu mber of words. Aphrase structure tree diagram assigns a _h ___ structure to sentences.15. The words such as “ pop”meaning a certain sound and “ pop ” meaning popular are inrelati on ship of c ____ homony ms.16. The c ____ view in the discussion of semantics is often considered as the initial effort tostudy meaning in a pragmatic sen se.17. Exte nsive cha nges in rules of morphology have occurred in the history of En glish. En glish haslost most of its i ______ endin gs, by which it is no Ion ger possible to ide ntify the functionalroles of nouns.18. Diglossia describes any stable linguistic situation, in which there exists a strict f ______differe ntiati on betwee n a low-variety or L-variety and a high variety or H-variety.19. The localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brainis called l _____ .20. I ____ is the Ianguage that a learner constructs at a given stage of second Ianguageacquisiti on.III. Directions: Judge whether each, of the follow ing stateme nts is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why you thi nk so and the n give the correct vers ion. (2% x 10=20%)21. ( ) Accord ing to Hall (1968), la nguage is "the in stituti on whereby huma ns com muni cateand in teract with each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory arbitrary symbols."Most lin guists today accept the view of Ian guage as a set of "habituallyused symbols."22. ( ) Intonation refers to a distinctive pattern of tones over stretch of speech in principleIon ger tha n a word, in other words, whe n pitch, stress and sound len gth are tied to thesentence rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as inton ati on. 23. ( ) Suffixes are added to the end of stems, during the process of which they modify themeaning of the origi nal word but usually do not cha nge its part of speech.24. ( ) When we say a sentence has two levels of structure, D-structure and S-structure, wedo not mean that the syntactic representations of these two levels must be different.Since syntactic movement occurs to all sentences, so the representations of the twolevels look different.25. ()“ He has been to New York ” presupposes “ He has been to America” .26. ()John Searle made a distinction between what he called “ constatives” and“ performatives ” .27. ()Regularization of exceptional plural forms of nouns constantly occurs. By analogy tofoe/foes, and dog/dogs, English speakers started saying cows as the plural of cowinstead of the earlier plural kine. This analogical change does not occur when words areborrowed from foreign languages.28. ()The common English address terms are First Name (e.g., John), Last Name (e.g.,Smith), Title + Last Name (e.g., Dr. Green), Title + Title (e.g., Mr. President), Title alone(e.g., Sir) and Kin term (e.g., Dad). And outside of marked settings, between friends,neighbours and colleagues, first names are always preferred.29. ()Thanks to cerebral plasticity, people suffering damage to the left hemisphere are ableto transfer their language centers to the right hemisphere and to reacquire the lostlinguistic skills with relatively little disruption.30. ()The earliest sounds produced by infants can be considered as early languageIV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration, if n ecessary. ( 3% 10=30% )31. design features32. narrow transcription33. bound morphemes34. deep structure35. hyponymy36. commissives37. sound assimilation38. idiolect39. Wernicke's area40. interferenceV. Directions: Answer the following questions.(10% 1=20% )41. Please illustrate the syntactic and semantic features of compounds in English language withexamples.42. Please explicate how language and thought develop and blend each other in order to understandthe relationship between language and thought.。
2022年全国1月自学考试文学概论试题含答案参考资料
全国1月自学考试文学概论（一）试题课程代码：00529一、单选题(本大题共20小题，每题1分，共20分)在每题列出旳四个备选项中只有一种是符合题目规定旳，请将其代码填写在题后旳括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．“白雪公主”中旳人物形象属于( C )4-222A．扁平人物B．圆形人物C．表意型人物D．典型人物2．“诗是最快乐最良善旳心灵中最快乐最良善旳瞬间之记录。
”雪莱旳这句话属于文学观念中旳( C )1-23A．客观说B．模仿说C．体现说D．独立说3．提出作家体验“出入说”旳是( A )1-86A．王国维B．叶燮C．李贽D．梁启超4．文学风格最突出旳特性是( A )6-328A．独创性B．稳定性C．多样性D．审美性5．古典主义旳代表人物是( D )9-490A．柏拉图B．亚里斯多德C．左拉D．布瓦洛6．波德莱尔提出旳理论被称为象征主义宪章，这种理论是( A )5-259A．交感论B．移情论C．投射论D．宣泄论7．中国老式旳风格理论来源于( A )6-306A．魏晋B．汉代C．隋唐D．秦代8．在创作过程中，居于核心位置旳是( D )7-389A．润色与修改B．艺术传达C．材料储藏D．艺术构思9．觉得文学自身是一种不依赖任何外在事物而独立自足存在旳感情与想象旳世界，这种批评措施是( B )8-445A．接受美学批评B．形式主义批评C．构造主义批评D．社会批评10．“立即、枕上、厕上”说旳提出者是( D )7-353A．白居易B．苏轼C．王昌龄D．欧阳修11．“召唤构造”旳提出者是( A )8-427A．伊萨尔B．姚斯C．英加登D．加缪12．西方对文艺理论旳奉献是( C )4-(教材中无法找到原则答案)A．意象B．意境C．典型D．性格13．提出“熟悉旳陌生人”旳是( B )3-154A．雨果B．别林斯基C．歌德D．康德14．神话原型批评旳集大成者是( C )8-446A．弗洛伊德B．荣格C．弗莱D．弗雷泽15．指出“有韵则生，无韵则死”旳是( D )3-169A．王国维B．严羽C．王夫之D．陆时雍16．文本时间长度不不小于故事时间长度旳粗略论述，被称为( D )4-202A．省略B．减缓C．停止D．概略17．鲁迅指出，该书旳浮现打破了老式旳思想和写法。
(全新整理)1月全国自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言学概论试题课程代码：00541一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1．“名无固宜，约之以命，约定俗成谓之宜，异于约谓之不宜”的提出者是（）A．老子B．孔子C．荀子D．庄子2．声音的强弱决定于（）A．频率的大小B．振幅的大小C．发音体的松紧D．说话的速度3．语音中声带振动的浊辅音是（）A．乐音B．噪音C．乐音和噪音的混合体D．纯音4．舌尖前不送气清塞音是（）A．［t］B．［d］C．［ts］D．［s］5．汉语北京话中，有的人把“一般儿大”(同样大)说成“一边儿大”，这种现象在语音学上叫（）A．同化B．异化C．弱化D．增音6．把词分为单纯词和合成词所依据的是（）A．音节的数量B．语素的数量C．词的用途D．词的地位7．“背黑锅”、“走后门”、“碰钉子”都属于（）A．惯用语B．谚语C．成语D．简缩词语8．外语学习中，学习者往往会建立一种不同于母语也不同于外语而只属于个人的语言系统，这就是（）A．交叉语B．双语C．混合语D．中介语19．外语学习中，学习者的母语会对其所学的外语产生影响，这种现象叫（）A．语言接触B．语言迁移C．语言混同D．语言杂糅10．机器翻译可以分为四个层级，其中最高的一级是（）A．语境平面的翻译B．语义平面的翻译C．句法平面的翻译D．单词平面的翻译11．汽车司机行驶到路口，看见红灯就会马上停车，这是一种（）A．感性思维B．逻辑思维C．发散思维D．推理思维12．人大脑的右半球掌管（）A．语言活动B．直观动作的思维活动C．抽象思维D．判断和推理13．一般认为人大脑语言功能的临界期最迟是（）A．2至3岁B．6至8岁C．9至10岁D．12至13岁14．从语言形式本身看，双词句标志着儿童产生了最早的（）A．语音能力B．语义能力C．语法能力D．构词能力15．在儿童语言获得过程的某一阶段，儿童说出的话很像大人打电报时所用的表达方式，这个阶段他们的语言被称作“电报式语言”，这个阶段是（）A．咿呀学语阶段B．单词阶段C．简单句阶段D．复杂句阶段16．小脑的主要功能是（）A．连接大脑左右两半球B．负责内脏功能C．控制人体运动的平衡D．负责掌管记忆功能17．最小的音义结合的语言单位是（）A．音素B．语素C．义素D．义位18．文字起源于（）A．结绳B．图画C．结珠D．穿贝19．语言间亲属关系最重要的标志是（）A．语音对应关系B．词汇对应关系2C．语法对应关系D．文字对应关系20．要确定几种未定的“话”是属于同一“语言”的不同“‘方言”，还是不同的“语言”，应当依据（）A．说话者相互理解程度B．语言结构本身差异的程度C．共同的历史文化传统和民族认同感D．说话者的民族二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
1月全国自考大学语文(专)试题及答案解析
全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试大学语文（专）试题课程代码：00010一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的。
请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.下列作品中题目就是全文中心论点的是（）A.《科学的春天》B.《建设有中国特色的社会主义》C.《论气节》D.《咬文嚼字》2.《论“费厄泼赖”应该缓行》中提到辛亥革命时革命派与反动势力妥协，地主官僚等乘此投机的现象所用的古语是（）A.党同伐异B.投石下井C.犯而不校D.咸与维新3.《论“费厄泼赖”应该实行》为证明在人民内部应该“费厄”一点时说：“在公共汽车上。
相互‘温、良、恭、俭、让’一些，将可以减少粗野低级的争吵!”这里所用的论证方法是（）A.将某些方面相同或相近的不同事物加以比较B.将某些方面相反或对立的不同事物加以比较C.从个别到一般D.从一般到个别4.《谈<水浒>的人物和结构》是一篇（）A.艺术专论B.文艺评论C.杂文D.演讲稿5.下列孔子语录中，与“烈火见真金”意义相近的是（）A.无求生以害仁，有杀身以成仁B.择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之C.敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉D.岁寒，然后知松柏之后彫也6.《答司马谏议书》中，首先提出的判定是非的原则是（）A.议法度而修之于朝廷B.举先王之政，以兴利除弊C.名实已明，而天下之理得矣1D.度义而后动7.《沙漠里的奇怪现象》从太阳将细沙晒得火热说起来解说“鸣沙”的成因，所运用的说明方法是（）A.定义B.诠释C.数据D.举例8.下列文句中，使用引用说明法来说明事物、事理本质的是（）A.《史记·苏秦列传》里有段故事：“信如尾生，与女子期于梁下，女子不来，水至不去，抱柱而死”B.《花镜》上说：畜鹤“之地，须近竹木池沼，方能存久”C.《乾淳岁时记》说，当时杭州宫里到了重阳节都要摆列出来千万盆菊花，供人玩赏D.恩格斯说：“运动是物质的存在形式”9.《苏州园林》一文说明的中心是（）A.苏州园林在我国园林中的地位B.苏州园林的总体特点C.苏州园林与北京园林的相同点D.苏州园林的发展演变10.《菊花》一文所采用的结构方式是（）A.“总—分”式B.“总—分—总”式C.“分—总”式D.并列式11.《追悼志摩》中，梁任公说志摩“所梦想的神圣境界恐终不可得”，反映出他对志摩行为的态度是（）A.恭敬与同情B.不理解但同情C.理解但反对D.支持与赞美12.《箱子岩》中，作者记叙第二次游箱子岩见闻时重点写了（）A.赛龙舟B.自然风景C.贺龙D.兵油子13.《都江堰》中“他失败了，终究又胜利了”，此“失败”是指（）A.都江堰工程没有峻工B.治水事业后继无人C.官职没有提升D.第一次筑堰失败14.下列《廉颇蔺相如列传》的文句中，最能体现“将相和”现实意义的是（）A.相如虽驽，独畏廉将军哉B.强秦之所以不敢加兵于赵C.两虎共斗，其势不俱生D.先国家之急而后私仇也15.《毛颖传》中，作者所说“秦之灭诸侯，颖与有功”主要是指颖（）A.简牍是资，天下其同书B.得天与人文之兆2C.强记便敏，善随人意D.能匿光使物16.方苞《狱中杂记》最后一段所写李姓犯人事，揭露了（）A.奸民与胥卒内外勾结B.胥吏贪赃枉法C.主梏扑者对犯人的敲诈勒索D.行刑者的凶残17.下列诗句中运用对偶的是（）A.久在樊笼里，复得返自然B.狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠C.误落尘网中，一去三十年D.开荒南野际，守拙归园田18.在《蜀相》中，紧接“锦官城外柏森森”之后的诗句是（）A.三顾频烦天下计B.出师未捷身先死C.长使英雄泪满襟D.映阶碧草自春色19.柳永《望海潮》(东南形胜)中，在“云树绕堤沙，怒涛卷霜雪，天堑无涯”之后，接着描写杭州繁华景象的语句是（）A.烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家B.市列珠玑，户盈罗绮，竞豪奢C.重湖叠巘清嘉，有三秋桂子，十里荷花D.千骑拥高牙，乘醉听箫鼓，吟赏烟霞20.下列四组诗歌作品中，属于七律的一组是（）A.张若虚《春江花月夜》、孟郊《游子吟》B.王昌龄《出塞》(其一)、杜牧《江南春》C.杜甫《蜀相》、陆游《书愤》D.刘禹锡《乌衣巷》、李商隐《夜雨寄北》二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题。
(全新整理)1月浙江自考语言学概论试题及答案解析
浙江省2018年1月自考语言学概论试题课程代码：10044一、判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）判断下列各题，正确的在题后括号内打“√”，错的打“×”。
1.语言学直到19世纪才成为一门科学，在这之前的语言研究只能称之为“语文学”。
( )2.语言既是一种物质实体，又是一种社会现象。
( )3.语言获得主要是通过有意识的教或学的形式，即所谓直觉习惯和模仿强化等来完成的。
( )4.词的内部语素与语素的组合形式不完全等同于句法结构的形式，即词的构造具有某些特殊类型。
( )5.一般说，前缀在构词中除了改变词的抽象意义外，也往往改变词的词类。
( )6.大脑的语言功能完全是通过后天的学习、训练获得的。
( )7.一部分思维活动完全可以摆脱语言独立进行。
( )8.作为来源语的母语对作为目标语的外语会产生影响，这就叫做“语言迁移”。
( )9.目前汉字输入就已经可以采用语音合成技术。
( )10.文字改革必须要注意解决书面语的历史继承性问题，否则就会割断历史文化传统，引起多数人的反对。
( )二、单项选择题(本大题共14小题，每小题1分，共14分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.关于语言研究，下列说法中不正确的是( )Ａ.语言的研究可以着重于语言的“本体”，重点研究语音、语法、语汇、语义等系统内部的结构规律Ｂ.语言的研究指的就是对于语言和人脑思维之间关系的研究Ｃ.语言的研究可以从不同的角度，采用不同的方式来进行Ｄ.由于研究的范围、目的、方法等等的不同，会形成各种不同的语言学派2.下列说法正确的是( )A.语言符号具有任意性，因此不同的语言符号之间都是独立存在、互不联系的Ｂ.语言是一个系统，这个系统具有相对的封闭性，很少受到外界各种因素的影响C.语素是可以自由运用的最小的语言单位D.无论从语音学还是从语义学的角度来看，语素都是最小的不可再分的单位3.关于语言的组合关系，下列说法中不正确的一项是( )A.组合关系又称句段关系，其实质就是同义词或近义词的组合与替换问题Ｂ.我们通常所说的“词类”，指的就是一种在组合关系中具有相同语法功能的类C.语言单位的组合，只能采取线性的序列形式D.在语链中，在同一位置上出现的语言单位处在共同的组合关系之中，具有共同的句法功能4.普通语言学指的是( )A.语言学研究中的初级阶段B.语言学研究的低级对象C.对人类语言进行一般性研究的科学D.对某一门语言进行普遍而适用的研究的学问5.下列各组辅音中，发音部位相同的一组是( )A.［p］［f］B.［p］［m］C.［t］［p］D.［k］［m］6.下列关于韵律特征的表述中，不正确的一项是( )A.韵律特征指的是语音中除音质特征之外的音高、音长和音强方面的变化。
最新全国1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题历年试卷
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2005年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives and choose the one that best completes the statement (20%).1.When signifying “come here”,English speakers would ( ).A. extend their closed hands, palms up, with only their forefingers moving back and forthB. extend their open hands, palms down, toward the person with all fingers crooked in abeckoning motionC. extend their closed hands, palms up, toward the person with all fingers crooked in a beckoningmotionD. extend their open hands, palm down, with only their forefingers moving back and forth2.In English speaking countries smell of ( ) is thought to be undesirable.A. lotionsB. creamsC. powdersD. perspiration3.The American English equivalent for “私立学校”is ( ).A. public schoolB. council schoolC. private schoolD. grade school4.Many technical terms in English such as botany, mathematics, electron, pharynx, atom, geometry and lithium can all find their origins in ( ).A. LatinB. GreekC. FrenchD. Roman5.“I could tell you something about beautiful women now, I could. And it was not all made up either”demonstrates ( ) relation between the two sentences.A. an additiveB. an adversativeC. a causalD. a temporal6.In most English letters of request,( ).A. the request precedes the supporting informationB. the request follows the supporting factC. the initial request has to be made paving the way for the final requestD. the request is placed at the end of letters7.“It’s important how you package your ideas”illustrates the metaphor ( ).A. ideas are foodB. ideas are commoditiesC. ideas are productsD. ideas are plants8.“See red”means ( ).A. to get extremely angryB. to become extremely happyC. to be very shyD. to show embarrassment9.“Blue blood”means ( ).A. humble lineageB. courageous personalityC. timid personalityD. aristocratic lineage10.“The cat’s got your tongue”refers to ( ).A. you’re in troubleB. you feel sickC. you are very quietD. you like the cat11.“Milk and water”means ( ).A. something drinkableB. something that is inoffensive but feebleC. something in complete harmonyD. complete understanding between friends12.When one visits an English speaking friend,one had better not stay at his home long.This isespecially illustrated by a proverb ( ).A. a rousing welcomeB. do not wear out your welcomeC. an Englishman’s house is his castleD. as snow in harvest13.Religious name “John”means ( ) in Chinese.A.上帝是神圣的B.约翰C.上帝的朋友D.上帝是仁慈的14.“Oscar”means ( ) in Chinese.A.奥斯卡B.天赐之盾C.天赐之矛D.天赐之剑15.“Good-bye”is derived from the expression “( )”.A. Good luck for youB. God bless youC. God be with youD. Look forward to see you again16.When offering another person to be the first in going through a door or getting into a car,thenormal expression is ( ).A. “After you”B. “You go first,please”C. “Would you like to go first?”D. “Can you go first,please?”17.“Statesman”and “politician”are mainly distinguished by their ( ) meaning.A. connotativeB. conceptualC. socialD. reflected18.While “handsome woman”and “pretty woman”are both acceptable,they suggest differentkinds of attractiveness because of the ( ) associations of these two objectives.A. collocativeB. affectiveC. connotativeD. thematic19.Money given at Christmas time to the dustmen and others who provide a service throughout theyear is called ( ).A. ChristmastideB. Christmas giftC. Christmas boxD. Christmas money20.Pork,mutton,and beef are loan words from ( ).A. FrenchB. LatinC. IndianD. English originⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternative can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer (16%)21.Inductive argumentation has been related to ( ).A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality22.“( )”are all euphemisms for “poor”.A. Not richB. NeedyC. UnderprivilegedD. Disadvantaged23.“( )”can be termed as honorfics.A. Would you mind my closing the doorB. To make valuable commentsC. Your ExcellencyD. Your honorable24.“( )”can be functioned as greetings.A. How is everything?B. Good morning.C. Where are you going?D. Hello!25.“( )”can be used as a reply to an invitation.A. Oh, thank you very much. But I think I may have to work that day. Could I let you knowtomorrow?B. Thank you very much. I’ll try to come.C. That would be lovely. Thank you very much.D. Oh, what a pity! I’d love to, but I’m afraid I won’t be free next Saturday. Thank you all thesame.26.There is truth in the statement that ( ).A. English is a language governed by strict rules and regulationsB. English speakers enjoy more freedom when speaking or writing in English than Chinese peopleC. English grammatical markers are obligatory itemsD. English has more explicit grammatical markers that are used obligatorily than Chinese27.There is truth in that( ).A. in Chinese we do have to use explicit formal markers to convey the passive meaningB. implicit passive sentences are used very frequently in ChineseC. the obligatory explicit grammatical markers are larger in number in English than in ChineseD. the obligatory explicit grammatical marker are used more frequently in English than in Chinese28.In English culture “old”is often associated with ( ).A. traditionalB. senileC. matureD. useless第二部分非选择题Ⅲ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (9%)29. _____ is the study of facial expressions, touch, time, gestures, smell, eye behavior and so on.30.The American English equivalent for “cheque”is _____.31.The red carpet is a symbol of _____.32.A _____ refers to a detective or shrewd person who has the uncanny ability to track down anyquarry or solve any mystery through observation, scientific analysis, and logical reasoning. 33.The contrast between grammatical explicitness in English and grammatical implicitness inChinese may be brought about by different _____ traditions of English speaking countries and China.34.The word in British English for “warehouse”is _____.35.Culture in its technical sense is _____.It’s a social, national and historical phenomenon.36.The medium of verbal interaction is _____.37.The Chinese people prefer the order in which the modifier appears before the head becausethey are _____.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(10%)38. What is the general rule for introduction in English culture?39. What does “a Trojan horse”allude to?Ⅴ.Translation: (16%)40.您有何贵干?41.大男子主义者42.白手起家的人43.Continental Congress44.to know one’s onion45.Not in a hundred years.46.brown sugar47.to keep one’s nose to the grindstoneⅥ.Define the following terms: (9%)48.the future-oriented society49.individualism50.anthropological cultureⅦ.Discuss the following topics: (20%)51.In what way does oral English differ from written English?52.What are the cultural differences between English and Chinese responses to compliments?。
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全国2018年1月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%) 1．“Negro”,once a euphemism for “_______”, is now an offensive racist term.（）A．a black man B．niggerC．an African D．black boy2．The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “gardener”is “_______”.（）A．landscape architect B．garden designerC．beautician D．botanist3．I may be back tonight; I’m not sure. _______,just make yourself at home.（）A．However B．Despite thisC．Either way D．Still4．He showed no pleasure at hearing the news. _______ he looked even gloomier.（）A．Alternatively B．I meanC．In addition D．Instead5．“他住在美国马萨诸塞州剑桥神德街2号”can be translated into _______.（）A．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2, Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.B．He lives at Divinity Avenue 2 in Cambridge of Massachusetts, U.S.A.C．He lives at 2 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts, U.S.A.D．He lives in U.S.A, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Divinity Avenue 2.6．_______ is a weapon name.（）A．Brenda B．ArthurC．Rhoda D．Timothy7．When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_______.（）A．“It’s very nice”B．“Where did you get it? This is really what I want”C．“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much”D．“How much is it? Thank you very much”18．_______can be said as a reply to thanks.（）A．“You’re too polite.” B．“It’s my pleasure.”C．“It’s my duty.” D．“No.”9．To be sexy is to possess a _______ in English culture.（）A．vicious character B．narrow minded featureC．loose sex morality D．positive human quality10．“Propaganda”connotes _______, so it is a pejorative term in English.（）A．giving publicity to something B．exchanging useful knowledgeC．spreading biased information D．motivating people to do something11．The Chinese equivalent for“stop watch”is “跑表”,which reveals that the Chinese people lay stress on _______.（）A．the way in which it is usedB．the purpose for which it is usedC．the mechanic qualityD．the appearance by which people can recognize12．The English equivalent for “温室”is “greenhouse”,which reveals that the English speakers emphasize its _______.（）A．capacity B．physical characteristicC．function D．effectiveness13．The proverb“one falls into Scylla in seeking to avoid Charybdis”is related to _______.（）A．Christianity B．the BibleC．Greco-Roman civilization D．geography14．“A child who roams the street”can be referred to as _______.（）A．a Sherlock Holmes B．an Uncle TomC．a Don Juan D．an Oliver Twist15．“The Garden of Eden”is an allusion derived from_______.（）A．literature B．mythologyC．religion D．history16．“We’ve generated a lot of ideas this week”illustrates the metaphor that _______.（）A．ideas are food B．ideas are plantC．ideas are products D．ideas are commodities17．“Brown paper”corresponds to _______.（）A．秘密文件 B．棕色纸2C．揭露社会黑暗的报纸 D．牛皮纸18．Many legal terms in English are from _______ and French.（）A．Greek B．LatinC．Indian D．Romania19．To avoid ambiguity, _______ are seldom used in English documents.（）A．personal pronouns B．loan wordsC．long sentences D．learned words20．Beckoning another person to come is an example of _______. （）A．accenting B．complementingC．regulating D．substitutionⅡ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21．Even “the black people”is regarded as degrading word, for “black”has bad connotations.“_______”is the case in point.（）A．Black flag B．Black coalC．Black foot D．Black head22．It has been claimed that the flowery style of Chinese descriptive writing is related to _______the Chinese people are good at.（）A．artistic thinking B．deductive reasoningC．intuitive thinking D．dialectical reasoning23．Which of the following statements may be true? （）A．Branching and linear sentence patterns result from thinking patterns.B．Branching sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.C．Linear sentence patterns are related to analytic thinking pattern.D．Branching and linear sentence patterns can be related to emotional factors.24．Joyce Merrill Valdes is your colleague who is married. You can call her _______. （）A．Joyce B．MerrillC．Valdes D．Mrs. Valdes25．“To pull somebody’s leg”means _______.（）A．to tease somebody B．to let somebody lag behindC．to deceive somebody temporarily D．to prevent somebody from advancing26．“To ride one’s high horse”means _______.（）3A．to be glad B．to be haughtyC．to be arrogant D．to be confident27．Many English words refer to the historical aspects of English culture, such as _______.（）A．reformation B．lynchC．cocktail D．scalp28．In English culture,“red”can be associated with _______.（）A．celebrations B．embarrassment or shynessC．anger or excitement D．jealousy29．“Santa Clause”comes from _______.（）A．German B．FrenchC．Dutch D．Indian30．Chewing one’s finger nails signifies _______.（）A．emotional stress B．impatienceC．irritation D．worryⅢ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)31.“Human resource development”is the euphemism for “_________.”32.The connective “so”in “If they see that you’re blue, they’ll look down upon you. So why should I bother to care.”indicates a(n) _________ relation.33.A ball game played by pitchers, batters, catchers and fielders is _________.34.Morphemes can be classified into two categories: inflectional and _________ morphemes.35.The Chinese meaning of the English name Alexander is _________.36.John Bull is _________ personified.37.“Self-made man”,in American English at least, is a _________ term.38.The English proverbial equivalent for“谋事在人，成事在天”is “_________.”39.Weak though he looked, he was as brave as a _________,as all the playground bullies came to learn.40.Cultures that allow people to interact at a great distance are referred to as _________ cultures.41.In general English speakers touch significantly less frequently than speakers of _________ languages do in everydayconversation.42.The word in American English for “教职员”is“_________.”Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly.(12%)43.What does“a red letter day”mean in English culture?44.Does“a marriage of convenience”covey the same meaning as “送上门的婚姻”？45.What do English speakers do when they receive gifts?46.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?47.What is the English equivalent for “隐形眼镜”？448.Give examples to show the differences in what can be advertised between English and Chinese culture. Ⅴ.Translation.(16%)49.久仰大名。