Memory training
意群切分
2）词汇衔接：最常见的词汇衔接是复现，即 词汇衔接：最常见的词汇衔接是复现，
通过同一个词的重复出现或通过该词的同 义词、反义词、上义词或下义词实现衔接。 义词、反义词、上义词或下义词实现衔接。
• 信息处理是指译员听到的决不是单词或话
语的堆积，而是语言表达后面所蕴涵的内 容和意义，因此在听到源语后，应对它进 行信息加工，整理出语言的逻辑结构，从 而把握住语言所表达的内容。
口译听力与一般听力练习的不同
• 外语听力练习一般较多地注意语言层面的东西，对信息的印象相对零
散，一般只要求听懂并能够做选择题或问答题就够了。 • 口译则要求译员需要在听懂的基础上对信息的整体和细节有全面的把 握，以便于能够迅速地用目的语流利、完整地表达出来。 • 能够听懂和能够表达是两种不同程度的要求，后者要求更高、难度更 大。
意群切分
Eg. 人称照应： The US president George Bush peddled his theories of democracy and freedom in many areas in the world. Wherever he traveled, he would never forget to make some speeches for that. Some of his speeches served as catalyst to some revolutions. 指示照应： The right to be educated has been deprived of children in some countries. It is not an uncommon phenomenon in present world where some other countries are considering how to refine their education system.
意群切分
转折型连接成分有however, nevertheless等 转折型连接成分有however, nevertheless等 Eg. Every businessman knows the importance of keeping their promises. However, it is not uncommon for us to see the promises. 时间型连接成分主要有具体时间，介词加具体时间或者使用时间副词 now, then等 then等 Eg. Before 1949, what people concerned most was how to satisfy 1949, their stomach. Then, people tried to improve their housing. After 1990, 1990, people are paying more attention to how to entertain themselves. 因果型连接成分包括therefore, 因果型连接成分包括therefore, consequently, thus, hereby, as a result 等 Eg. Chinese central government has adopted some cooling measures to the housing sector. Therefore, the overheating of the sector has been cooled down a little bit.
口译是“释意”的过程， 口译是“释意”的过程，口译是在源语和目标语 之间存在“脱离原语言外壳”的过程， 之间存在“脱离原语言外壳”的过程，译员摄取 记忆的不是语言形式，而是话语意义。 记忆的不是语言形式，而是话语意义。无论是哪 两种语言之间的互译都是围绕意义传达的思维转 换过程，而绝非简单的语言形式转换。 换过程，而绝非简单的语言形式转换。
意群切分
（3）替代：替代是指用替代词去取代语篇中的某 一成分。被替代部分可从上下文中找到。替代与 省略颇为相似，所不同的是前者有替代词语，而 后者没有，故而省略亦称零位替代，替代可大致 分为名词型、动词型和小句型三类。常见的替代 词如one, 词如one, do , so/ not, same等。 same等。 Eg. Recently China has raised its bar for income tax from 800 yuan to 1500. in fact, many people 1500. have been expecting so for many years.
意群切分
2，句间关系。为了对动态的信息流作准确及 时的认知处理，我们需要明确句子之间的 各种衔接关系，以更有效地加强对信息的 理解、记忆和加工。句子间的衔接关系实 现方式主要有语法衔接、词汇衔接和语境 衔接。熟悉这些衔接手法，可以将更多的 句子听辩记忆为一个小的意群或单位。
意群切分
1)语法衔接: 包括省略、照应、替代、连接等。 1)语法衔接: （1）省略：指的是语篇中句子的某个成分或某些 成分缺省，这是避免重复，强调新信息，并使语 篇前后紧凑一致的语法衔接之一。 eg. Coastal cities rely on their geographic location to attract foreign investment and thus made a success. The cities in northwest cannot. （2）照应：照应是指语篇中的某一成分用作另一 成分解释的参照点，主要是人称照应和指示照应， 分别通过人称代词和指示代词实现。
意群切分
• 人的大脑和耳朵一次性捕捉到的有一定宽
度的的信息或一个意群可以叫做听幅（ear 度的的信息或一个意群可以叫做听幅（ear / listening span)。听幅越宽，在单位时间 span)。听幅越宽，在单位时间 内获得的信息量就越大，听力理解的速度 和准确率就越高。听幅的容量随着综合英 语水平的提高而增大。因此，提高听幅是 提高口译听力效率的方法之一。
记忆训练的方式
1.言义分离 2.意群切分 3.关键信息识别与浓缩 4.复述
记忆训练的方式
5. 概述 6. 逻辑性重构
言义分离
口译旨在即时传达信息，所传达的信息的准确性是衡量口 译质量的第一标准。口译是译员将一种语言所传达的信息 用另一种语言进行表达，译员是将所听到的一种语言的形 式解码成意义单位，再将该意义单位编码成另一种语言形 式进行输出，整个过程可以描述为：源语形式---解码---意 式进行输出，整个过程可以描述为：源语形式---解码---意 义--- 编码----目标语形式。正如法国释意学派所强调的， 编码----目标语形式。正如法国释意学派所强调的，
意群切分
(4) 连接：连接是指一种运用连接成分体现语篇中 不同成分间具有何种逻辑关系的衔接。这里的连 接成分主要包括增补型、转折型、时间型和因果 型。 常见的增补型连接结构有besides, what’ 常见的增补型连接结构有besides, what’s more, more over, in addition, apart from that等 that等 Eg. The company has decided to shorten staff’s staff’ working period. Besides, their salary and Besides, benefits will be improved.
言义分离
练习：第一遍：请用原语陈述所听句段的意 义（35个句段） 义（35个句段） 第二遍：请用目的语陈述所听句段的 意义
意群切分
• 对于庞大的语义流,译员不仅需要准确理解,合理分 对于庞大的语义流,译员不仅需要准确理解,
析并存储,还需要将之转换成另一种语言. 析并存储,还需要将之转换成另一种语言.在这一过 程中,如果译员以语音或词汇作为理解单位, 程中,如果译员以语音或词汇作为理解单位,那么口 译将无法完成.若要保证准确高效的理解, 译将无法完成.若要保证准确高效的理解,译员应该 以 “大的组块”作为理解单位, “组块”越大,单位 大的组块”作为理解单位, 组块”越大, 时间内的理解效率越高. 时间内的理解效率越高.这个 “组块”,就是意群, 组块” 就是意群, 即由若干词汇或词组甚至单句组成的、含有一个 语义核心的、能够被一次性听懂或读懂的一个语 义束。
Chinese central government, China has become one of the hottest countries for international investment. • China has been attracting vast sums of foreign investment as it has put forward many preferential investment policies. Chinese central government’ government’s preferential policies have made China one of the hottest country for foreign investment. • Chinese central government’s preferential policies have led to / government’ given rise to / contributed to / ushered in / witnessed / invited… vast sums of foreign investment. • 以上几个形式各异的英语句子,在译员大脑中的理解应该是完全相同而 以上几个形式各异的英语句子, 非相异, 非相异,即 “由于中国政府出台诸多投资优惠政策,中国成为投资热土.” 由于中国政府出台诸多投资优惠政策,中国成为投资热土.
第二周：记忆训练1
湖南科技大学外国语学院
朱曼莉
பைடு நூலகம்
• • •
湖南科技大学外国语学院
朱曼莉
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鸦片战争 The Opium War 中国历史一个重要的转折点 A turning point in Chinese history 外来帝国主义列强 Foreign imperialist powers 侵略 Encroachment / invasion Turn / reduce China into a semi-colonial and semifeudal society / country • 辛亥革命 The 1911 revolution • 结束了专制的封建统治 • End the autocratic feudal rule
湖南科技大学外国语学院 朱曼莉
Expanding vocabulary
• • • • • • • • 内陆线 national inland boundaries 海岸线 coastline 平方公里 square kilolometers 领海 territorial waters / sea 南海诸岛The South China Sea Islands Lies in .. on the ….coast 推翻 overthrow cast down pull down turn over
压在人民头上的三座大山 The heavy burdens of imperialism, feualism and bureaucratic capitalism that weighed down on the people’s shoulders 翻开悠久历史的新篇章Turn over a new page in the long history 建设繁荣富强的中国 The building of a properous and powerful china / to build China into a prosperous and powerful country
英汉口译教程
Methods to Improve Memory
• • • • • • Organization Repetition Visualization Chunking Association Note-taking
Organization
• Sequential – chronological; cause/effect; building to climax. • Directional – north/south & east/west; front/back; left/right; bottom/up or top/down, etc. • Transitional (connective) – relational words or phrases used to indicate qualitative change over time • Component (part/whole) – classification by category or concept • Relevance— topic sentence or supporting sentences
中餐常见的翻译方法
• 烹饪方法 cookery 煮 boiling 煲／炖 stewing 煎 frying 炒 stir-frying 爆 quick-frying 炸 deep-frying 熏 smoking 烤 roasting/barbecuing 蒸 steaming 红烧 braising with soy sauce
memory training (1)
扩大记忆容量的方法
在语言层面：熟记常用短语、句式或概念； 在方法层面：将零散的信息进行有序整理和归 纳，记住逻辑关系和主要意思。 在时间上：人记忆的时间长度一般为15-20秒 提高记忆耐久力的方法：重复和回放，将短时 记忆转入长期记忆。
Long—term Memory:
Long-Term Memory occurs when you have created neural pathways for storing ideas and information which can then be recalled weeks, months, or even years later. To create these pathways, you must make a deliberate attempt to encode the information in the way you intend to recall it later. Long-term memory is a learning process. And it is essentially an important part of the interpreter's acquisition of knowledge, because information stored in LTM may last for minutes to weeks, months, or even an entire life.
STM-centered activity, which includes encoding of information from the Source Language, storing of information, retrieval of information, and decoding of information into the target language. The interpreter needs a good short-term memory to retain what he or she has just heard and a good long-term memory to put the information into context. Ability to concentrate is a factor as is the ability to analyze and process what is heard. A skillful interpreter is expected to "have a powerful memory. The training of STM skills is the first step in training a professional interpreter.
Memory Training Ⅱ
Memory Training ⅡRetelling in Target Language目的语复述Luo, Yaoguangyg722@CICE,GXNU1.短期记忆训练方法（1）信息组织(organization)①顺序法②方位法③过渡法（连接词）④成分法（整体与部分）⑤关联法（2）大脑重复(mental repetition)（3）信息视觉化(visualization)（4）信息组块化(chunking)（5）信息联想(association)将听到的内容在大脑里以画面的形式呈现出来，这种强化记忆的方法对于叙述性和描述性的信息材料尤其有效。
如：1.我国的地势从西向东分为三级阶梯。
// 第一级阶梯是青藏高原，平均海拔在4000米以上。
// 然后从青藏高原以北、以东的地区下降到海拔1000至1000米以下的高原和盆地，包括云贵高原、黄土高原、内蒙古高原、四川盆地和塔里木盆地等，这是第二阶梯。
// 东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原、东南沿海丘陵、沿海平原海拔多在50米以下，这是第三级阶梯。
将听到的内容在大脑里以画面的形式呈现出来，这种强化记忆的方法对于叙述性和描述性的信息材料尤其有效。
如：将听到的内容在大脑里以画面的形式呈现出来，这种强化记忆的方法对于叙述性和描述性的信息材料尤其有效。
如：2.Hurricane Henry moved into northern Florida early yesterdaymorning. Nearly half a million people have had to be evacuated as the 200 km per hour winds uprooted trees, tore roofs off some houses and completely demolished less sturdy ones. In coastal areas many boats were submerged by the 10 meter swell, while others were beached and left stranded with their hulls rippedopen.将听到的内容在大脑里以画面的形式呈现出来，这种强化记忆的方法对于叙述性和描述性的信息材料尤其有效。
酒店培训-记忆力 Memory Training
• E.g. 5 people having dinner wearing dirty laundry by the pool. A DHL package is floating in the pool on top of a really hard pillow
(2) May not have retained what you registered: Did not Store it correctly. 也许没有没有准确的记录下你的注册信息 没有正确储存。 • Distractions while reading in a busy airport. • 在一个嘈杂的机场阅读容易分散注意力。
• As like your computer desktop 就像你的电脑桌面
Short Term Memory 短期记忆
• About 7 items for roughly 20-30 seconds 记住7件 物品大概需要20~30秒
Long Term Memory 长期记忆
• Repeat, Repeat, Retained! 重复，重复，保存！
You actually never forget ANYTHING – you just have trouble recalling it! 事实上你没有忘记什么事情—只是你没有办法
回忆起来！ Needs Exercise to make us better.
多加以记忆力的练习会让我们的记忆力更好。
• Helpful little phrases 有用的短语 • Entrepreneurial; Artistic; Individualistic; Fun;
创业家的；艺术的；单个的；有趣的； Self-Effacing; 谦让的 “Elephants Always Find Idiotic Snails” “大象总能找到愚蠢的蜗牛”
memory training
一、信息视觉化和现实化训练
——将听到的内容想象成静态的画面或动 态的影像
Eg.
I was walking in the park with a friend recently, and his cell phone rang, interrupting our conversation. There we were, walking and talking on a beautiful sunny day and – poof! – I became invisible, absent from the conversation. The park was filled with people talking on their cell phones. They were passing other people without looking at them, saying hello, noticing their babies or stopping to pet their puppies. Evidently, the untethered electronic voice is preferable to human contact.
第一，要看到中国外交成就来之不易。纵观全年， 中国能够保持总体稳定，经济实现较快发展，国 际地位显著提高，国际影响进一步扩大，这些成 绩来之不易，应该珍惜 Firstly, we must know that the achievements of China's diplomacy are hard-earned. Under these circumstances, China was still able to maintain its overall stability, achieve relatively rapid economic growth, and significantly enhance its international standing and influence. These achievements have not come by easily and should be cherished.
增强记忆力的英文
增强记忆力的英文Enhancing Memory: Strategies for Improved RecallMemory is a crucial aspect of our cognitive abilities, allowing us to store and retrieve information crucial for our daily lives. As we navigate the ever-evolving landscape of the modern world, the ability to remember and recall information has become increasingly important. Whether it's remembering important dates, names, or key facts, having a strong memory can provide us with a significant advantage in both our personal and professional lives.One of the primary reasons for the importance of memory is its role in learning and knowledge acquisition. By effectively storing and recalling information, we can build upon our existing knowledge, expand our understanding of the world, and develop new skills. This is particularly relevant in academic and professional settings, where the ability to retain and apply information is essential for success.Moreover, a strong memory can also contribute to our emotional well-being. By remembering positive experiences, cherished memories, and meaningful relationships, we can foster a sense of personal identity and maintain a connection to our past. Conversely,difficulties with memory can lead to feelings of frustration, anxiety, and even a sense of disconnection from our own lives.Fortunately, there are a variety of strategies and techniques that can be employed to enhance our memory capabilities. In this essay, we will explore several effective approaches to improving memory, including mnemonic devices, memory palaces, spaced repetition, and lifestyle modifications.One of the most well-known and widely used memory enhancement techniques is the use of mnemonic devices. Mnemonic devices are memory aids that help us associate new information with familiar concepts or images, making it easier to recall. For example, the acronym "HOMES" can be used to remember the five Great Lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, and Superior. By creating these meaningful connections, we can more effectively store and retrieve information.Another powerful memory-enhancing strategy is the memory palace technique, also known as the method of loci. This approach involves creating a mental map or "palace" of familiar locations, such as your home or a favorite place, and then associating the information you want to remember with specific locations within that palace. When you need to recall the information, you can mentally "walk" through your palace, triggering the associated memories.Spaced repetition is another effective technique for improving memory. This approach involves reviewing and practicing information at gradually increasing intervals, allowing the brain to consolidate the information more effectively. By spacing out our study or review sessions, we can enhance our long-term retention of the material, making it easier to recall when needed.In addition to these specific memory-enhancing techniques, lifestyle modifications can also play a significant role in improving our cognitive abilities, including memory. Engaging in regular physical exercise, maintaining a healthy diet, getting adequate sleep, and reducing stress levels have all been shown to have a positive impact on memory function.Physical exercise, for instance, can increase blood flow to the brain, stimulate the growth of new brain cells, and enhance neural connections, all of which can contribute to improved memory performance. Similarly, a balanced diet rich in nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and vitamins can provide the necessary fuel for optimal brain function.Moreover, adequate sleep is crucial for memory consolidation, the process by which new information is transferred from short-term to long-term memory. By ensuring we get enough quality sleep, we canimprove our ability to retain and recall information.Finally, managing stress levels is also essential for maintaining a healthy memory. Chronic stress can have a detrimental effect on the brain, impairing cognitive functions and making it more difficult to encode and retrieve memories. Engaging in stress-reducing activities, such as meditation, mindfulness practices, or simply taking regular breaks, can help mitigate the negative impact of stress on memory.In conclusion, enhancing memory is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a combination of specific memory-enhancing techniques and lifestyle modifications. By incorporating mnemonic devices, memory palaces, spaced repetition, and healthy lifestyle habits, individuals can significantly improve their ability to store, retain, and recall information. As we continue to navigate the complexities of the modern world, the importance of a strong and adaptable memory cannot be overstated. By investing in the development of our memory skills, we can unlock new opportunities for personal and professional growth, while also fostering a deeper connection to our own experiences and memories.。
如何提高记忆力英语作文
Improving ones memory is a vital skill that can benefit individuals in various aspects of life, from academic pursuits to personal development. Here are some effective strategies to enhance memory in English composition:1. Regular Practice: Consistent practice is key to improving memory. Engage in regular writing exercises to reinforce neural pathways associated with memory.2. Organize Information: Structure your thoughts and ideas in a logical order. Use outlines or mind maps to organize the content of your English composition, which can help you remember the flow of your writing.3. Use Mnemonic Devices: Mnemonics are memory aids that can help you remember complex information. For example, acronyms, visual imagery, or the method of loci can be used to recall specific words or concepts in your composition.4. Spaced Repetition: Review the material youve learned over increasing intervals of time. This technique helps to move information from shortterm to longterm memory.5. Visual Aids: Incorporate diagrams, charts, or illustrations into your composition. Visual information can be easier to remember than text alone.6. Active Reading: Engage with the text actively by summarizing, questioning, and making connections. This helps in better retention of the content.7. Healthy Lifestyle: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep can significantly improve cognitive function, including memory.8. Meditation and Mindfulness: Practicing mindfulness can help improve focus and concentration, which are essential for memory retention.9. Teach Others: Explaining what youve learned to someone else can reinforce your understanding and help you remember it better.10. Use of Technology: Utilize apps and software designed for memory enhancement. These tools can provide interactive ways to practice and reinforce memory.11. Association: Link new information to something you already know. Associative learning can make it easier to recall new concepts.12. Storytelling: Turn information into a story. Stories are more memorable than isolatedfacts.13. Multisensory Learning: Engage multiple senses when learning. For example, listen to audio recordings, read aloud, and write by hand.14. Avoid Multitasking: Focus on one task at a time to avoid overloading the brain, which can impair memory.15. Positive Attitude: Believe in your ability to improve your memory. A positive mindset can enhance your motivation and learning capacity.By incorporating these strategies into your routine, you can significantly improve your memory for English composition and other cognitive tasks. Remember, the key to enhancing memory is a combination of effective techniques and consistent effort.。
改善记忆力的方法英语作文
改善记忆力的方法英语作文Improving Memory: Effective Methods。
Memory plays a crucial role in our daily lives. It helps us retain and recall information, learn new things, and navigate through various tasks. However, many people struggle with memory issues, whether it's forgetting important details or having difficulty retaining information. Fortunately, there are several effective methods that can help improve memory. In this article, we will explore these methods and provide practical tips to enhance your memory skills.1. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle。
A healthy lifestyle is the foundation for a sharp memory. Start by getting enough sleep. Sleep deprivation can impair memory and cognitive function. Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep each night. Additionally, engage in regular physical exercise. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, promoting the growth of new brain cells and improving memory. Incorporate activities like walking, jogging, or yoga into your routine.2. Stay Mentally Active。
如何提高记忆力的英语作文
Improving ones memory is a skill that can be cultivated through various methods and techniques.Here are some strategies that can be incorporated into daily life to enhance memory retention and recall:1.Get Enough Sleep:Adequate sleep is crucial for memory consolidation.It allows the brain to process and store information more effectively.2.Eat a Balanced Diet:Consuming foods rich in antioxidants,omega3fatty acids,and other essential nutrients can support brain health and improve memory.3.Exercise Regularly:Physical activity increases blood flow to the brain,which can help in the growth of new neurons and the strengthening of existing neural connections.4.Stay Hydrated:Drinking enough water is important for overall health,including cognitive functions.Dehydration can impair concentration and memory.5.Reduce Stress:Chronic stress can have negative effects on memory and learning. Techniques such as meditation,yoga,and deep breathing can help manage stress levels.6.Practice Mindfulness:Being present and focused on the task at hand can improve the ability to remember information.Mindfulness exercises can train the brain to be more attentive.e Mnemonic Devices:Mnemonics are memory aids that can help in remembering complex information.They can be in the form of acronyms,visual images,or rhymes.8.Engage in BrainBoosting Activities:Puzzles,reading,learning a new language,or playing a musical instrument can stimulate the brain and enhance memory.anize Information:Grouping information into categories or creating a mental map can make it easier to remember.10.Repeat and Review:Repetition is a fundamental method for memorizing information. Regularly reviewing learned material can reinforce memory.11.Teach Others:Explaining concepts to others can solidify your own understanding and improve recall.12.Stay Socially Active:Engaging with others can help keep the mind sharp.Social interaction can also provide new information to remember.13.Limit Multitasking:Focusing on one task at a time can improve the quality of memory encoding.e Technology:Apps and software designed for memory training can provide structured exercises to improve memory skills.15.Set Realistic Goals:Setting achievable goals for what you want to remember can motivate you to use effective memory strategies.Incorporating these practices into your routine can lead to significant improvements in your ability to remember and recall information.Remember,consistency is key,and its never too late to start enhancing your memory.。