高中定语从句知识点汇总
高中英语定语从句知识点
可编写可改正定语从句〔一〕定义及有关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词以后。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：指引定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as 等；关系副词有when,where,why 等。
关系词往常有以下三个作用：A、指引定语从句；B、取代先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
比如：The manwhoisshakinghandswith myfather isapoliceman. 该句中，whoisshaking handswith myfather 是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who〞是指引定语从句的关系词，取代先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。
〔二〕关系代词指引的定语从句1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，当宾语能够省略。
①TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
②Thosewhowanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschool gateat7tomorrowmorning.想去博物馆的人一定在明晨7点到大门口会合。
③YesterdayIhel pedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。
④Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics.那就是教我们物理的老师。
2．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略。
①Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上讨论的那个人。
②LiMingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.李明正是我想要见的男孩。
③Theprofessor(whom)youarewaitingforhascome. 你正在等的教授已经来了。
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解一.基本概念1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用)：﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型：﹙1﹚限定*定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend.②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend.ineedapenwithwhichicanwritealetter.=ineedapieceofpaperonwhichicanwritealetter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。
例如：theman(who/whom/that)italkedaboutatthemeetingisfromb eijinguniversity.=themanaboutwhomitalkedatthemeetingisfrombeijingunive rsity.thepalace(which/that)ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcen tury.=thepalacetowhichioftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.﹙2﹚非限定*定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
①直接由引导词引导定语从句。
定语从句知识点归纳
定语从句知识点归纳1.定语从句用来修饰一个名词或代词，从而对它进行说明或限定。
2. 定语从句通常由关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that引导，也可以由关系副词where, when, why引导。
3.定语从句一般紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词之后，形成一个整体结构，不能独立存在。
4.定语从句中的谓语动词根据先行词在定语从句中的成分确定时态和语态。
5. 定语从句的关系代词引导的根据在意义和格的不同，可分为人和物两类。
who, whom, whose用于人，which, that用于物。
6.定语从句中的先行词可以是人也可以是物，先行词需在定语从句中扮演一个名词的角色。
7. 关系代词who, whom, which, that在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。
8. 关系代词who, whom可以在定语从句中指代人的先行词作主语或宾语，它们的区别在于who做主语时指代的是动作的执行者，whom做宾语时指代的是动作的承受者。
9. 关系代词which, that在定语从句中可以指代物的先行词作主语或宾语。
10. 关系代词whose用于指代人或物的所有关系，相当于“人的”或“物的”。
11. 关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰地点，相当于介词+关系代词的形式，如in which, at which，等。
12. 关系副词when引导定语从句，修饰时间，相当于介词+关系代词的形式，如on which, at which，等。
13. 关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰原因，相当于介词+关系代词的形式，如for which，等。
14.在定语从句中，关系代词和关系副词可以省略，但要根据具体语境决定是否省略。
15. 在定语从句中，关系代词that和关系副词where，when，why常用于限制性定语从句中，关系代词which，who，whom和关系副词可以用于限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句中。
定语从句相关知识点总结
定语从句相关知识点总结一、定语从句的概念。
1. 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
- 例如：I like the book which/that is very interesting. 其中“book”是先行词，“which/that is very interesting”是定语从句，用来修饰“book”。
二、关系代词的用法。
1. that.- 既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 当先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时，关系代词用that。
- 例如：All that can be done has been done.（先行词是“All”，关系代词“that”在从句中作主语）- 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that。
- 例如：This is the best film that I have ever seen.（先行词“film”被最高级“the best”修饰，关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语，可省略）- 当先行词被the only, the very, the same等修饰时，关系代词用that。
- 例如：This is the very book that I want.（先行词“book”被“the very”修饰，关系代词“that”在从句中作宾语）2. which.- 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。
- 例如：The book which/that is on the desk is mine.（“which/that”在从句中作主语）；I like the book which/that you lent me.（“which/that”在从句中作宾语）- 在非限制性定语从句（从句与主句之间用逗号隔开）中，只能用which，不能用that。
高中英语语法定语从句总结全
高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ. 概念：(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词()后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词: 、、、、,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可以省略。
常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: （时间状语）、（原因状语）、（地点状语）可以修饰人的关系代词：, , ,可以修饰事的关系代词：, , , ,.I .() .I'd a .定语从句三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法：●: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。
(指人时，相当于或；指物时，相当于)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如：1. A . (主语)2.3. ( ) . （宾语）4. ()5. ( ) .6. 's ( ) .（表语）7. () .（= .= 。
= .）●: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。
如：1. .（主语）2. () I .（宾语）●, , :: 主格, 在从句中作主语，只可指人: 宾格，在从句中只能作宾语; 只可指人: 表所属关系，在从句中作定语。
译为：某人的，某物的+ 名词 + n. + (某物的)+ n. + (某人的)I . （主语）( / ) .I a .( = )A .（指人）( = )I'd a . （指物）( )关系代词作介词宾语 (在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用；表物用 )关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
高中定语从句十大考点总结
定语从句的十大考点修饰名词或者代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被修饰的名词或者代词叫先行词；定语从句的引导词叫关系词（关系代词&关系副词）；定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句（前有逗号隔开）引导定语从句的关系代词有：that which who whom whose as关系副词有：when where why定语从句的十大考点1. that 与which 在指代物时的用法区别that 和which都可以引导先行词为物的定语从句，但是用法有区别：(1) 只能用that的情况a.先行词为everything，all，little，much等不定代词时；b.先行词被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修饰时；c.先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时；d.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时；e.先行词是be的表语或there be 的主语时；f.先行词有人又有物时；g.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
(2)只能用which的两种情况a.非限定性定语从句中b.关系代词前面有介词时Galileo built a telescope through which he could study the skies.2．which与as的区别as 和which 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，三种情况下只能用as，不能用whicha. as置于句首引导定语从句时（As we know,…）b. as 含有“正如”之意（…as we expected）c. 先行词前有such, the same 修饰时（…such an easy question as the little boy can answer.）As is often the case等。
3. who、whom、that 的区别a.先行词为指人的不定代词时，如those或people 时，常用关系代词who,不用thatb.介词之后用关系代词whom引导定语从句c.当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时，不用that.如：The aunt who came to see us last week is my farther’s younger sister.4. whose 用法“whose”表示谁（可以为人也可以为物）的（东西）例：A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（“whose parents”表示那个孩子的双亲）He lives in a room whose window faces south.（“whose”表示那个房子的窗户）whose 表所属关系指物时，可与of which 转换，词序一般是：名词+ of whichLook at the building , the roof of which ( = whose roof )is white .5. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法a. 介词之后的关系代词只能用which（先行词为物）或者是whom（先行词为人）b. 介词的选择方法有三个原则：一“先”二“动”三“意义”I lost my pen, with which I took notes. (先行词为pen,使用钢笔用with)This is the house in which he lives. (定语从句中谓语动词live为不及物动词)The gas is oxygen without which we can’t live. (根据句意决定)6. 先行词为way时先行词为way，在定语从句中作状语时，用that，in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。
高中定语从句知识点汇总
定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词：2.关系副词：三、分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制,区分的作用,并与先行词有着不可分割的关系,不能省略2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用,可省略不会影响主句的意思,与主句用逗号隔开3.区别：4.非限制性定语从句的特殊情况有些既可以做限制性,又可以做非限制性的定语从句,其含义不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句四、关系词的用法,thatwhich指物,在从句中作主语,宾语that指人或物,指人可与who,whom互换；指物可与which互换,whom从句中的介词提到关系代词词前,whom作宾语,不能用who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时,关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个指人的关系代词用who;3.whose表示“……的”;可指人或物;用来指物时,whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4. as作为关系代词可指人或物,在从句中作主语,宾语或表语;一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中,表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.same...as/that...和such...as/that①the same...as/that...as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought. that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day.②such...as/thatas引导定语从句,在从句中作主语,宾语等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that引导结果状语从句,在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.as和which的区别①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句,有时可以互换②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前,之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时,用which来引导He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时,通常用as不用which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,通常用which不用asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.⑥固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might be expectedas is often the case⑦在从句中作介词宾语时,只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case I’ll tell you.5.只用that不用which当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时;当先行词被the only,the last,the very等修饰时;当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时;当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时;当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时;当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时;当先行词是主句的表语,或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jack is not the man that he was.当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时;6.只用which不用that关系代词前有介词;在非限制性定语从句中;先行词本身是that,those指物或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时;先行词后有插入语时;Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7.只用who不用that先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one时;先行词为those且指人时;在指人的非限制性定语从句中;that/what连接词what可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合,即what=the person/place/thing which/that;表示“所....的;”what 不引导定语从句,而是引导名词性从句;what引导句子,没有先行词,起名词作用;What引导宾语从句可以和that引导的定语从句互换;Tell me anything that you know.=Tell me what you know.9.介词+关系代词既能够引导限制性,也可以引导非限制性定语从句;指物用which,指人用whom;介词不可省略,如果要省略,必须将介词放在从句句末;介词的确定①根据定语从句中动词,形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定;②根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定;③根据所表达的意思来确定;介词+关系代词结构的变式①介词+关系代词+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.=in which to grow calm Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.=in which to produce many beautiful flowers②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10.关系副词：作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which作地点状语：where=in/at/to/on which作原因状语：why=for which辨析The reason why.../The reason that.../The reason is that...The reason why...中why引导的是定语从句,why在句子中作原因状语,可以替换成for which;The reason that...中that引导的是同位语从句,that不作成分,that后面的内容说明reason的内容;The reason is that...是that引导的表语从句,不能用because,以免重复;五、其他1.主谓一致：从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致;在“the one of + 复数名词”结构中,定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式;但是在the one of +复数形式或the only one of +复数名词结构中,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式;2.关系词的省略与不可省略：关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语,表语时可以省略关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语,且介词在从句句尾时非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略介词+关系代词中的关系代词不可省略表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略,如the time,the moment表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略,如the place先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略先行词为way方法,手段时,关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句根据that在从句中是否作成分来判断：that在定语从句中担任成分,在同位语从句中不做成分;The newsthathe told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.根据意思来判断：在引导词前加is后,如果句子成立就是同位语从句,否则是定语从句;The news is that he told me yesterday.句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing和ed形式直接转化为ing或ed形式,,去掉定语从句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy who is playing the piano is from London.I like this film,which was directed by Zhang Yimou.将句子中的动词进行ing形式转化①The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.②My grandfather,who hasn’t been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.。
高中英语定语从句知识点总结
定语从句1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示a clever boy The boiling water Fallen leaves The man who you are looking for2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。
Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning?3.先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词4.关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词：_________ _________ _________ ___________ _________关系副词：______ ___________ __________一．关系代词引导的定语从句练习1：合并下列句子，判断关系词句子中充当的成分1. He is the man . I told you about him.2 These are some trees. They were planted last year.3. This recorder is made in Japan. He is using it.4 Wang Lin is our monitor. She is 16 years old.5 This is the girl. Her parents are doctors.6. This is the book .Its cover is blue.归纳that 指人/物，作___________ 或_________. which 指物，作_________或_________who指人,作____________whose 在定语从句中作__________，表示引导词，与whose 后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与of which互换使用。
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高中定语从句知识点汇总标准化工作室编码[XX968T-XX89628-XJ668-XT689N]定语从句知识点汇总一、先行词二、关系词1.关系代词：2.关系副词：三、分类1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China.There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China.5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句四、关系词的用法,thatwhich指物，在从句中作主语，宾语that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换,whom从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。
3.whose表示“……的”。
可指人或物。
用来指物时，whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词The house whose windows face south is ours.The house the window of which face south is ours.=The house of which the window face south is ours.4. as作为关系代词可指人或物，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。
一般用于such...as 、the same...as 、as...as结构中，表示“像”的意思We have found such materials as are used in their factory.They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.He is not the same man as he was.same...as/that...和such...as/that①the same...as/that...as引导的定语从句往往侧重方式：I bought the same phone as you bought.that引导的定语从句侧重指同一个对象：I met the same person that I saw that day.②such...as/thatas引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，宾语等：Peter is not such an intelligent person as you think.that引导结果状语从句，在句子中不作成分：He came to such a sudden stop that we almost hit him.as和which的区别①④⑤⑥⑦⑧都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换②as引导的从句可以位于主句之前，之中和之后；而which只能位于主句之后③当非限制性定语从句为否定句或谓语带的是复合宾语结构时，用which来引导He criticized Mary in public,which she doesn’t like at all.He was always late for school,which made his teacher unhappy.④先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，通常用as不用which；如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用which作主语She passed the exam, as was expected.Tom has made rapid progress,which makes me happy.⑤当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，通常用which不用asTom was late for work again and again,which made his boss very angry.⑥固定搭配：as we know/as is known to allas we all can seeas has been said before/aboveas might be expectedas is often the case⑦在从句中作介词宾语时，只能用whichShe might possibly come,in which case I’ll tell you.5.只用that不用which当先行词是all,much,little,few,everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
当先行词被the only,the last,the very等修饰时。
当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
当先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。
当先行词是主句的表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：Jack is not the man that he was.当主句以here,there开头且先行词是指物的名词时。
6.只用which不用that关系代词前有介词。
在非限制性定语从句中。
先行词本身是that,those（指物）或双重定语从句中其中一个已用关系代词that时。
先行词后有插入语时。
Here is the CD which,as I have told you, is a great help to you.7.只用who不用that先行词为表示人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,one,no one时。
先行词为those且指人时。
在指人的非限制性定语从句中。
that/what连接词what可以看作关系代词和先行词的结合，即what=the person/place/thing which/that。
表示“所....的。
”what 不引导定语从句，而是引导名词性从句。
what引导句子，没有先行词，起名词作用。
What引导宾语从句可以和that引导的定语从句互换。
Tell me anything (that) you know.=Tell me what you know.9.介词+关系代词既能够引导限制性，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
指物用which，指人用whom。
介词不可省略，如果要省略，必须将介词放在从句句末。
介词的确定①根据定语从句中动词，形容词所需要的习惯搭配来确定。
②根据先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。
③根据所表达的意思来确定。
介词+关系代词结构的变式①介词+关系代词+不定式She must have time in which she could grow calm.(=in which to grow calm) Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers.(=in which to produce many beautiful flowers)②名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词He told us a story in English, the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.10.关系副词：作时间状语：when=at/in/on/during which作地点状语：where=in/at/to/on which作原因状语：why=for which辨析The reason why.../The reason that.../The reason is that...The reason why...中why引导的是定语从句，why在句子中作原因状语，可以替换成for which。
The reason that...中that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，that后面的内容说明reason的内容。
The reason is that...是that引导的表语从句，不能用because,以免重复。
五、其他1.主谓一致：从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的单复数保持一致。
在“(the) one of + 复数名词”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词常用复数形式。
但是在the one of +复数形式或the only one of +复数名词结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
2.关系词的省略与不可省略：关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语，表语时可以省略关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词在从句句尾时非限制性定从中的关系代词不可省略介词+关系代词中的关系代词不可省略表示时间的名词后关系副词可以省略，如the time,the moment表示地点名词后关系副词可以省略，如the place先行词the reason后面的关系副词可以省略先行词为way（方法，手段）时，关系副词可以省略3.如何判断定语从句和同位语从句根据that在从句中是否作成分来判断：that在定语从句中担任成分，在同位语从句中不做成分。
The news(that)he told me yesterday is not true.The news that he singer will come here is not true.根据意思来判断：在引导词前加is后，如果句子成立就是同位语从句，否则是定语从句。
The news is (that) he told me yesterday.句子不成立The news is that the singer will come here.句子成立4.定语从句转变为ing和ed形式直接转化为ing或ed形式,，去掉定语从句中who/which is/was/are/were.The boy (who is ) playing the piano is from London.I like this film,(which was) directed by Zhang Yimou.将句子中的动词进行ing形式转化①The number of people who learn Chinese rises each year.=The number of people learning Chinese rises each year.②My grandfather,who hasn’t been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=My grandfather,not having been used to living in the city,has decided to settle in the country.=Not having been used to living in the city, my grandfather has decided to settle in the country.。