高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Global warming语法练习 新人教版选修6
高考英语一轮复习构想Unit4Globalwarming课时作业新人教版选修60411328.doc
Unit 4 Global warmingⅠ.阅读理解A(2017·山东济南高三高考模拟考试)Thrift stores are a refuge (避难所) for countless items from landing in garbage piles. Value Village, for example, saves more than 650 million pounds of clothing from landfills (垃圾填埋场) each year, making it one of the largest recyclers of used garments in the world. Their stores give a second life to 1.8 million pounds of clothes every day, which is equal to 600 midsized cars. Almost 100 percent of clothing and textiles are recyclable, yet 85 percent of them end up in landfills. It's estimated that the average person throws away 70 pounds of clothing a year.Lindsay Coulter is the socalled “Queen of Green” with the David Suzuki Foundation, educating people on how to live a greener life by making changes around the house. She says that donating or shopping at thrift stores is an excellent way to exercise all three of the three R's：reduce, reuse and recycle. She says, “Whether it's a purse or a pair of shoes, it's really worth considering going to thrift stores as another point of contact to help reduce your consumption.”Coulter points out that since landfills are airtight, textiles take longer to break down. “I'd imagine things like an old towel, a rag or an old Tshirt will last a really long time，”she says. T he beauty of thrift shopping is that the supply is neverending, so if you don't find what you're looking for one day, it's likely to show up in no time.One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk, costume specialist in the Department of Theatre and Film at the University of British Columbia. She says the majority of items for the university's productions are purchased secondhand. Because of her shrinking budget, items like clothing and shoes are thrifted from Value Village. “We are constantly thri fting and we reuse costumes for many years. Thrift shopping is a much easier, cheaper way to do things，”she says.The next time you need to lighten your closet, take the opportunity to go thrift shopping to lighten both your carbon footprint and your financial burden at the same time.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了一种环保的生活方式，即去慈善商店捐或购买二手衣物。
高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 4 Global warming练习 新人教版
Unit 4 Global warming(60分钟79分)Part A一、阅读理解(共7小题;每一小题2分,总分为14分)AHello,everybody!You can use this website to learn English and other languages.Click the links below to explore our language learning resources. FindanEnglishconversationpartnerYou can speak English online with another person or practice any other language on our Live English Conversation Linkup service through Skype,GoogleTalk,MSN,etc.You can use the service to get information abouttravel,language,food,customs,climate,business,work,study,etc.Or,you can speak any foreign language on our Live Language Linkup page.WorldEnglishcourseLearn English with our free World English Course.Listen,speak,read,write and understand English through our free weekly online activities and linkups.Join the English Classroom!EnglishcoursesTake a look at some of the courses we offer.●Be Aware:Use this free English course to brush up your grammar,vocabulary and writing skills.●Interactive Stories:Learn a new technique for learning languages by using stori es with this free English training course.●The Business Trip:Develop your business English with this unique free business English course.●The Water Car:A full-length interactive story English course for intermediate(中等的)level learners.●The Children of K enji Takeuchi:A full-length interactive story English course for upper-intermediate level learners.●World English:A free English course designed for topic-based discussions. EnglishdialoguesFollow a story in English through free English dialogues.There are three levels: ●Lower Intermediate:Hiromi’s Trip to Thailand●Intermediate:Miyako’s Education●Upper Intermediate:A New Life in MosquitoCityRealconversationsWe provide recordings of real conversations and interviews,with transcripts(文字记录)of the conversations so you can read and listen at the same time.It is a good way to learn real English.(2015·山东临沂模拟)1.This website mainly provides users with.A.free courses on traveling abroadB.plenty of language resourcesC.interesting conversationsD.lots of amazing stories2.If one wants to enrich his grammar and words,he should click.A.Be AwareB.The Water CarC.The Business TripD.Interactive Stories3.Which of the following is designed for intermediate level learners?A.The Children of Kenji Takeuchi.B.A New Life in MosquitoCity.C.Hiromi’s Trip to Thailand.D.Miyako’s Education.【文章大意】本文为广告,主要介绍了一个语言学习类网站。
2019年高中英语一轮总复习 Unit4 Global warming 练习题(人教新课标)
Unit 4 Global warming 专题练习I.阅读理解AA few weeks ago a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world. They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals. The scientists were surprised by what they found. They saw that during the next 50 years about 25% of land animals and plants will disappear from the earth. More than 1 million plant and animal species will die out by 2050.The head of the research team, Christ Thomas, who is a professor of conservation biology at Leeds University, said the results of their research were frightening. More than 10% of all plants and animals will disappear from the earth. It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere. But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now, we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing.The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe, Australia, Central and South America, and South Africa. Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler. In flat areas, such as deserts, plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler, so they are in great danger of dying out. The scientists found many surprising things. For example, they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear.1.According to this passage, global warming can be best described as ________ to many plants and animals.A.deadlyB.surprisingC.disappointingD.frightening2.What's the purpose of the research led by Christ Thomas?A.To protect animals and plants from global warming.B.To call on people to control greenhouse gases.C.To warn us of the dying out of many animals and plants.D.To study the effect of global warming on animals and plants.3.What can be the best title of this passage?A.Greenhouse effect and global warmingB.Extinct animals in the worldC.A frightening discovery concerning global warmingD.Disappearance of butterflies4.We can learn from the passage that ________.A.about 25% of land animals and plants have disappeared from the earthB.in about four decades more than 1 million plants and animal species will die outC.we can do nothing to save the plants and animalsD.wildlife in flat areas can't find enough foodBHalf of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive.The planet's health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as underwater rainforests. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms. Corals are used in medical research on treatment for diseases. They are key to local economies, as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars of revenue (收入).Corals are invertebrates, or animals that lack a backbone. They live mostly in tropical waters. The corals release a substance called calcium carbonate, which forms protective skeletons around them. The skeletons grow and take on vivid colors. This is the result of the corals' symbiotic (共生的), or mutually beneficial, relationship, with algae (藻类) that live in their tissues and give them energy.But corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2℃ can force the corals to drive out the algae. Then the corals' skeletons turn white in a process called “bleaching (白化).” Corals can survive in these higher temperatures only for a few months.The problem for the reefs increased greatly during a recent extended El Niño weather phenomenon. In 2015-2016, the longer El Niño warmed the Pacific near the equator, which led to the most widespread bleaching of coral reefs ever recorded. This bleaching event continues to create problems for the world's reefs.In the Indian Ocean, near the islands of the Maldives, about 73% of the coral reefs suffered bleaching between March and May 2016. Areas in the central Pacific were hit the hardest — about 90% of the reefs were destroyed in the waters of the Republic of Kiribati.And the problem is not just global warming. The reefs have also been affected by pollution, coastal development, and overfishing.Scientists remain hopeful that it's not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal. Ruth Gates, director of the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, said, “It's high time that we should start thinking outside the box. It's sort of a no-win game if we do nothing.”5.What's the focus of Paragraph 2?A.The vital role of coral reefs.B.The seriousness of pollution.C.The importance of ocean species.D.The difficulties of protecting reefs.6.What is the character of corals?A.They are fish-friendly.B.They are tropical species.C.They depend on algae to survive.D.They can reflect different colors.7.What is the result of the recent El Niño?A.Coral reefs are extinct in Kiribati.B.The Indian Ocean suffered the most.C.Most of the world's reefs fell victim to it.D.It caused record-breaking coral bleaching.8.What do Ruth Gates' words imply?A.Reefs need to be saved urgently.B.Saving reefs is a win-win game.C.It is a challenging job to save reefs.D.Reef-saving efforts have turned out to be fruitless.II.七选五PollutionPollution happens when the environment is dirtied, by waste, chemicals, and other harmful substances (物质). Pollution is a problem all over the world. But it is especially bad in large cities with a lot of industries and cars. __9__ Wildfires, volcanoes, and industrial chemicals cause some air pollution. But most air pollution comes from burning fossil fuels (矿物燃料). These include coal, oil, and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels may release harmful gases. Air pollution may cause such diseases as cancer and asthma. It also leads to polluted rain that can harm living things. __10__ Finally, air pollution damages the ozone layer (臭氧层), which is important because it protects Earth against harmful rays from the sun.Causes of water pollution are easy to see. People dump (倾倒) garbage and dirty water into rivers, lakes and oceans. Factories or cities sometimes release poisonous chemicals, and other wastes into water. These chemicals may make the groundwater unfit to drink. __11__Littering, or throwing garbage on the ground, is a form of land pollution. Litter can destroy the habitats of plants and animals. The buildup of dangerous chemicals in the ground is another form of land pollution. The chemicals may come from farms or factories. __12__ They may even harm people who eat the polluted plants and animals.Many governments, environmental groups, and ordinary people are working to control pollution. Governments have passed laws to keep people from releasing dangerous chemicals into the environment. __13__ Instead they are getting power from the sun, wind, water, and other energy sources that produce less pollution. Many communities use recycling to reduce pollution.A.Farmers use chemicals to help crops grow.B.This type of pollution may be seen in big cities.C.They also can harm fish and other forms of life.D.These chemicals can spread to plants and animals.E.In addition, air pollution may be a cause of global warming.F.There are three main forms of pollution: air, water, and land.G.Some companies and people are trying to use fewer fossil fuels.III.语法填空The term “eco-friendly” is used to describe activities which are good for the environment. There are different ways in 14 activities can be eco or environmentally friendly, from producing products in an environmentally friendly way to 15 (make) lifestyle changes that are designed to benefit the environment.People take part in eco-friendly activities because they are 16 (concern) about the health of the environment. Environmental problems first 17 (cause) public consciousness (意识) in the late 1900s, when people realized that their activities were having 18 bad effect on the environment. Pollution, overuse of 19 (nature) resources (资源), and other activities 20 (consider) to be hurting the environment, so people began to look into more environmentally friendly ways 21 (live) as well as doing business.It was the belief that investing in green product development would pay off that made many companies make changes. 22 a result, eco-friendly products can be found in many regions of the world today. These products are 23 (usual) made in factories which are environmentally friendly, such as equipment built from recycled materials which are also good for the environment.参考答案I.阅读理解A动植物来说是致命的。
高考英语大一轮复习 Unit 4 Global warming练习 新人教版选修6-新人教版高三选修
Unit 4 Global warmingⅠ.阅读When we think of how cities will look in the future,we probably picture tall gray buildings and skies filled with flying cars.One city in Australia,however,is trying to change that image.Earlier this month,it was reported that the city of Melbourne plans to build a pair of tall towers,which look more like massive (巨大的) tree houses than skyscrapers (摩天大楼).The project,known as the Green Spine,will turn Melbourne’s skyline from gray to green once the two towers are completed,with one of the buildings becoming the tallest in the Southern Hemisphere,at 356.2 meters tall.Both towers will have balconies running down one side,filled with plants and trees.Meanwhile,on the top of each tower,a botanical garden will offer a relaxing space where visitors can enjoy nature,away from the noise of the city.“Our green spaces are our city’s lungs,its shade from the sun,〞building architect Phil Rowe said in a news release.In spite of their proposed (计划的) size,these buildings are just a small part of a wider trend for greener and more eco-friendly structures.Plans are already underway in several cities around the world to build entire skyscrapers from wood,with an 18-story building made from pine already existing in Minneapolis,US.Indeed,in this modern age of technology and tall buildings,it seems that people just want a touch of nature in their lives.“The 20th century was the concrete (混凝土的) age;it was all about the dominion(统治) of man over nature,〞British architect Anthony Thistleton told theBBC.“Now,we’re transitioning (转变) toward a different attitude,a more nurturing (滋养的) one.〞The move toward making cities greener places isn’t a new concept.One just needs to look at places such as New York’s Central Park to see that natural spaces and sprawling (伸展的) cities have been partners for hundreds of years.And,of course,wooden buildings themselves have been around far longer than concrete and steel ones.In fact,China’s wooden Fogong Temple Pagoda,located in Shanxi province,is still standing almost 1,000 years after it was built.So,like many other trends from fashion to technology,it seems that humankind is taking a step backwards to a simpler time.Our future may not be as we pictured it,but it’ll certainly be a lot greener.1.According to the text,Melbourne’s Green Spine will be .A.the highest buildings in the worldB.made entirely from woodC.skyscrapers to solve pollution problemsD.filled with green plants and trees2.Why did the author mention New York’s Central Park and China’s wooden Fogong Temple Pagoda?A.To compare their design concepts.B.To show the idea of green cities has a long history.C.To point out where the Green Spine drew inspiration from.D.To stress concrete and steel buildings will be out of date soon.3.What will the trend of future buildings probably be,according to the author?A.They will be taller and brighter.B.They will be filled with high-tech concepts.C.They will be more eco-friendly.D.They will no longer use concrete and steel. 语篇解读:本文主要介绍了墨尔本市将要建造两座巨塔,而这两座巨塔的设计融入了绿色、环保的理念。
高三英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Global warming精品同步练习 新人教版选修6
高三英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Global warming精品同步练习新人教版选修6Ⅰ.多项选择1．—How did people respond to the plan to charge for plastic bags used in the supermarket?—The plan received __________ support throughout the country.A．widespread B．steadyC．potential D．obvious解析：选A。
由throughout the country可知，这项计划得到了广泛的(widespread)支持，所以选A。
steady平稳的；potential潜在的；obvious明显的。
2．In the party，the grown－ups had coffee but the children wanted milk __________ coffee.A．by means of B．for fear ofC．in place of D．on behalf of解析：选C。
句意：在聚会上，大人喝咖啡，小孩喝牛奶而不喝咖啡。
in place of意为“代替，用……而不用”，符合句意。
by means of利用；for fear of以免，害怕；on behalf of代表。
3．As the sky grew darker，the stars __________ one by one，shining in the distance.A．came out B．came aboutC．came on D．came in解析：选A。
句意：夜色渐浓，星星一个接一个地出来了，在远处闪烁着。
come out(指太阳、月亮或星星)露出，出现，符合句意。
come about发生，造成；come on快点，赶快；come in进来。
高考英语一轮复习 第一编 教材回眸 Unit 4 Global warming基础达标 新人教版选修
Unit 4 GlobalwarmingⅠ.单句语法填空1．Father is strongly opposed to ________ (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.答案：going be opposed to ... “反对……〞，其中to为介词，其后应接名词、动名词作宾语。
2．The prices of this kind of wine ranged ________ ten yuan ________ 100 yuan per bottle.答案：from; to range from ... to ... “在某范围内变化〞。
3．Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk ________ (steady)．答案：steadily 副词作状语，在句中修饰动词walk。
4．Do you know how the accident came ________ ?答案：about come about “发生〞。
5．With Spring Festival approaching, prices of fruit and vegetables ________ (go) up.答案：have gone go up “上升；增长；升起〞。
6．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.答案：have been spent “a quantity of＋名词〞作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致；而“quantities of＋名词〞作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
高考英语一轮优练题Unit4Globalwarming(含解析)新人教版选修6
2021年高考英语一轮优练题Unit4Globalwarming（含解析）新人教版选修6李仕才一、阅读明白得。
Everyone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages — clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” o f vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the body’s metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To show how this works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out from an artery (动脉). The monkey’s blood press ure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of the heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Keta’s heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injection, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _________.A. he is still very much aliveB. he cannot avoid final deathC. his most important organs are damaged foreverD. he still has the possibility of getting back to life2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _________.A. cool the organismB. delay the coming of biological deathC. slow down the body’s metabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life3.The text mainly talks about _________.A. clinical death and biological deathB.an experiment on a monkeyC. the meaning of deathD. the process before death4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _________.A. Keta was impoliteB. Keta was healthyC. Keta was illD. Keta was crazy【文章大意】本文要紧叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时刻。
2019届高三英语一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming练习新人教版选修
2019届高三英语一轮复习Unit4Globalwarming练习新人教版选修Ⅰ.阅读理解AWant to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.It ha s urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the bodytemperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioningbrings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italy's biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”Italy is one of the European Union's worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
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【走向高考】（四川专用）2016届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Global warming语法练习新人教版选修6Ⅰ.阅读理解(2014·皖南八校第二次联考)We sometimes think global warming or climate change is a problem very far away from our lives, and that only the government needs to worry about it. But it's hardly possible to completely stay out of it—scientists are now 95 percent sure that humans have been the “dominant cause” of global warming trends since the 1950s.One of the conclusions of a report released on Sept 27 by the United Nations says that human activities have caused global temperatures to rise by 0.89℃between 1901 and 2012. That might not seem like a lot, but the truth is that a major part of that heat has been absorbed into the oceans, which is not surprising given that they cover two thirds of Earth's surface. Also, water has a much greater capacity (容量) to absorb heat than the air does, according to The Economist.While many greenhouse gases occur naturally and are needed to keep the Earth warm enough to support life, humans' use of fossil fuels is the main source of excess (多余的) greenhouse gases. According to CNN, by driving cars, using electricity produced by burning coal and oil or heating our homes with coal or natural gas, we release a large amount of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.Your body can barely feel a difference of 0.89℃，but the Earth's ecosystems are so sensitive that even small changes can disturb them. It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct. Global warming is also linked to an increase in extreme weather. A larger amount of carbon dioxide traps more energy inside the atmosphere. This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods. Worse still, melting sea ice in warmer oceans is causing sea levels to rise at a speed of more than three millimeters per year, according to The Guardian, which also increases the risk of flooding.“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come，” French Michel Jarraud, secretary-general of the World Meteorological Organization, said at a news conference.文章大意：全球变暖不是只有政府才关心的事，它与我们每个人都息息相关。
1．The underlined word “dominant” in the first paragraph means “ ________”．A．common B．indirectC．secondary D．leading答案：D猜测词义题。
画线词所在句意：现在科学家可以95%确定人类是20世纪50年代以来全球变暖的主要原因。
所以画线词意为“主要的”。
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A．Greenhouse gases have been proven to harm merely the Earth.B．There is little we can do to prevent global warming.C．Global warming can increase the chances of droughts and floods.D．The hugeness of oceans makes them better absorbers of heat than the air.答案：C细节理解题。
由第五段第三句话“This changes the patterns of storms and rainfall in many regions and can lead to droughts and floods.”可知，C项正确。
3．The rise in global temperatures between 1901 and 2012 ______.A．is more harmful to smaller creatures than bigger onesB．is not serious because most of the extra heat has been absorbed by the oceansC．has made the Earth's ecosystems more sensitive to changesD．is likely to cause many species to become extinct答案：D细节理解题。
由第四段最后一句话“It often starts with the smallest creatures at the bottom of the food chain, eventually affecting bigger animals, many of which could end up becoming extinct.”可知，D项正确。
4．What is Michel Jarraud's attitude toward the report released by the UN?A．Negative. B．Supportive.C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.答案：B推理判断题。
由最后一段他所说的话“The report should serve as another wakeup call that our activities today have a profound impact on society, not only for us, but for many generations to come”可推知，他认为联合国的报告对我们有提醒作用，所以是支持该报告的。
Ⅱ.完形填空(2014·南京市、盐城市二模)Mark Twain said that “habit is habit, and not to be flung(扔) out the window by anyone, but coaxed(劝诱) downstairs a step at a time.” The chances of successfully changing negative behavior __1__ when you make gradual changes that give you time to __2__ negative patterns for positive ones.On any given day, countless numbers of us get out of bed and __3__ to begin to change a given behavior “today”. Whether it be exercising more, drinking less, managing time __4__ or some other change in a negative behavior, we start out with high __5__. In a short time, however, a vast majority of people fail and are soon doing __6__ it was they thought they shouldn't be doing.After considerable research, some researchers believe that behavior changes usually do not __7__ if they start with the change itself. __8__，they believe that we must __9__ a series of “stages” to ade quately prepare ourselves for that __10__ change. Once you have analyzed all the factors that __11__ what you do, you must decide which behavior-change technique will work best for you.According to the psychologist Albert Ellis, most __12__ problems and related behaviors arise from irrational(不理性的) statements that people make to __13__ when events in their lives are different from what they would like them to be. For example, suppose after doing __14__ on an exam, you say to yourself，“I can't believe I failed that easy exam. I'm so stupid.” By changing this irrational “catastrophic” selftalk into rational, __15__ statements about what is really going on, you can increase the __16__ that positive behaviors will occur.Positive selftalk might be __17__ as follows: “I really didn't study enough for the exam. I just need to prepare for the next __18__.”Such self-talk will help you to recover quickly from __19__ and take positive steps to correct the situation. Some other technique like purposefully __20__ or stopping negative thoughts and refusing to dwell on(沉湎于) negative images can also spare you wasted energy, time and emotional resources and move on to positive changes.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。