2019—2020学年第一学期高三年级理科综合能力测试卷(含答案)
山东省邹城一中2019-2020学年第一学期高三物理阶段性(1月)测试试题附答案
邹城一中2019~2020学年高三物理阶段性测试试题（1月）一、单选题1．一质点从静止开始做直线运动，加速度随时间的变化如图，则下列说法正确的是A．该质点做初速度为零的匀变速直线运动B．该质点在前3s内先做匀加速直线运动，后做匀减速直线运动C．该质点在t=2s时刻的速度为零D．该质点在t=3s时刻回到出发点2．如图质量为M的半球形物体B静止在粗糙的水平面上，B的半球面光滑，下表面粗糙，在半球面顶端固定一轻质细杆，在细杆顶端固定光滑小滑轮C，质量为m，可看做质点的小球A，通过细线绕过滑轮，在水平外力F作用下沿半球表面缓慢上升，物体B始终静止在水平面上，在此过程中，下列说法正确的是A．半球面对小球A的支持力逐渐增大B．细线对小球A的拉力F逐渐增大C．水平面对B的支持力先减小后增大D．水平面对B的摩擦力逐渐减小3．如图所示，一轻弹簧竖直固定在水平地面上，其上端放置一质量为m的小球，并在竖直向下的外力F作用下处于静止状态，已知小球与弹簧不栓接，外力F>mg（g为重力加速度），现将外力F突然撤去，小球从静止开始竖直向上运动到最高点的过程中，不计空气阻力，下列说法正确的是A．小球先做匀加速后做匀减速直线运动B．小球受弹力为零时，小球离开弹簧C．小球离开弹簧时，小球的速度最大D．在整个过程中，小球在离开弹簧后加速度最大，且最大加速度等于重力加速度4．长为L的细线一端系一质量为m的小球，另一端固定在O点，现让小球在竖直平面内绕O点做圆周运动，A、B 分别为小球运动过程中的最髙点与最低点位置，如图所示。
某时刻小球运动到A位置时，细线对小球的作用力F A=mg，此后当小球运动到最低点B位置时，细线对小球的作用力F B=6mg，则小球从A运动到B的过程中（已知g为重力加速度，小球从A至B的过程所受空气阻力大小恒定），下列说法中正确的是A．小球在最高点A位置时速度v AB．从A运动到B的过程中，小球所受的合外力方向总是指向圆心C．从A运动到B的过程中，小球机械能减少mgLD．从A运动到B的过程中，小球克服空气阻力做功为12 mgL5．如图所示，在匀强电场中平行于电场的平面内有三点A、B、C，其电势分别为φA=4V，φB=2V，φC=10V，已知AB=5cm，△ABC为直角三角形，∠C为30°，∠A为90°，则该匀强电场的电场强度E的大小是A．80V/m B．V/m C．160V/m D．V/m6．如图所示，菱形线框abcd由四根完全相同的导体捧连接而成，固定在匀强磁场中，菱形所在平面与磁场方向垂直，现将直流电源E连接在菱形线框的a、c两点之间，此时导体棒ab所受安培力大小为F，若每根导体棒长均为L，a、c两点间距离为1.5L，则菱形线框abcd所受安培力的大小为A．F B．2F C．3F D．4F7．如图所示，电阻不计，间距为L=1.0m的光滑平行导轨水平放置于磁感应强度为B=0.5T，方向竖直向上的匀强磁场中，导轨左端接有定值电阻R=4.0Ω。
深圳市2019年高三第一次模拟考试理科综合试题及答案
深圳市2019年高三年级第一次调研考试理科综合能力测试2019.2.22一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．人体胰腺细胞中粗面内质网（附着核糖体的内质网）含量较高，性腺细胞中滑面内质网含量较高。
据此推测合理的是A．性激素的化学本质为蛋白质B．粗面内质网参与蛋白质的合成C．性激素直接由基因转录翻译而成D．胰腺细胞中无性激素合成基因2在光裸的岩地长成森林的过程中，有关土壤的说法错误的是A．地衣分泌有机酸加速岩石风化，土壤颗粒数增多B．苔藓植物进一步加速岩石分解，土壤微生物增加C．草本阶段多种生物共同作用下，土壤有机物增加D．演替过程中有机物逐渐增加，土壤通气性逐渐下降3．由青霉菌中提取的淀粉酶在不同温度条件下分别催化淀粉反应1h和2h，其产物麦芽糖的相对含量如图所示。
相关分析正确的是A．第1h内，酶的最适温度在45-50℃之间B．第1h到第2h，45℃条件下淀粉酶活性提高C．第1h到第2h，50℃条件下酶的催化作用明显D．若只生产1h，45℃左右时麦芽糖产量相对较高4有的时候，携带丙氨酸的tRNA上反密码子中某个碱基改变，对丙氨酸的携带和转运不产生影响。
相关说法正确的是A．tRNA可作为蛋白质翻译的模版B．tRNA的反密码子直接与氨基酸结合C．决定丙氨酸的密码子只有一种 D ．tRNA上结合氨基酸的位点在反密码子外5探究生长素类似物对扦插的枝条生根的影响实验中，下列说法不合理的是A．为摸索实验条件，正式实验前要做预实验B．低浓度溶液浸泡处理材料，要确保光照充分C．探究不同浓度药液影响时，处理时间要一致D．同一组实验所用植物材料，要保持相对一致6果蝇的红眼基因(R)对白眼基因(r)为显性，它们位于x染色体上，Y上没有。
在遗传实验中，一只白眼雌果蝇（甲）与红眼雄果蝇（乙）交配后，产生的后代如下：670只红眼雌，658只白眼雄，1只白眼雌。
部编版2019---2020学年度下学期小学五年级语文期末测试卷及答案
最新部编版2019---2020学年度下学期小学五年级语文期末测试卷及答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One12最新部编版2019---2020学年度下学期小学五年级语文期末测试卷及答案（满分：100分 时间： 90分钟）题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 总分 得分一、选择题。
（共12分）1.下面加点字的读音全都正确的一项是（ ）。
A.提供．（ɡòn ɡ）—供．认（ɡōn ɡ） 晃．眼（hu ǎn ɡ）—摇头晃．脑（hu àn ɡ）B.停泊．（b ó）—血泊．（p ō） 监．牢（ji ān ）—国子监．（ji àn ）C.丈夫．（f ū）—逝者如斯夫．（f ū） 喧哗．（hu á）—哗．哗流水（hu á）2.下面加点的字书写全都正确的一项是（ ）。
A.师傅． 副．业 负．担 附．庸 B.俊．马 竣．工 严骏． 峻．杰 C.树稍． 船艄． 捎．话 梢．胜一筹3.下面句子中加点的字哪一项解释有误（ ） A.其人弗能应．也。
应：应答。
B.果．有杨梅。
果：果然。
C.未闻．孔雀是夫子家禽。
闻：听说。
4.下列句子中没有语病的一项是（ ）。
A.此次家长会上，学校领导认真总结并听取了家委会成员的建议B.今天全班都来参加毕业典礼彩排，只有龙一鸣一人请假C.中国为了实现半导体国产化这一夙愿，展现出毫不松懈的态度5.下面三幅书法作品中，哪一幅是怀素草书《千字文》（局部）（ ）A. B. C.6.对这幅漫画的寓意理解正确的一项是（ ）。
A.有些医生自己生病了，却不愿意进行急救B.讽刺少数医生良心出了问题却不承认，不改正C.有些人总喜欢把没有生病的人送进抢救室二、用修改符号修改下面的一段话。
（共2分）马老师多么和蔼可亲呀！上课时，他教我们耐心地写字的方法；下课时，他常常和我们在一起。
昨天下午，他给淘淘补了一天的课，他非常感动马老师。
2020年高考河北省保定市高三年级第一次模拟考试理科综合化学部分双向细目表、参考答案及评分细则
2020年高考保定第一次模拟考试理综化学部分双向细目表、参考答案及评分细则7.B 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.D26.(14分，每空2分)（1）将电极材料Pb 、PbO 2全部转换为PbSO 4（2）PbSO 4(s)+CO 32－(aq)==PbCO 3(s)+SO 42－(aq)（也可，不标注状态不扣分）（3）可以减小污染，对环境友好（节约能源也不扣分）（4）①近地面不同高度空气含铅量的研究（意思对，就得分）②离地面越低，含铅量越高（离地面越高，含铅量越低）③铅和铅化合物密度大（只回答铅或只回答铅的化合物给1分）（5）偏大27.（15分，无标注的均为2分）（1）a（2）球形干燥管（干燥管）（3）加入硝酸时，不断向左端倾斜U 型管（意思对，就得分）（4）②③（②④、②③④均可）（5）打开止水夹④，关闭止水夹②，并将洗耳球尖嘴插在止水夹③处的导管上，打开止水夹③挤压洗耳球4NO 2+O 2+4OH -=4NO 3-+2H 2O（6）取少量的稀硝酸和四氯化碳注入U 型管中（3分）【解析】（1）气密性检验在连接好装置之后，加药品之前；（2）球形干燥管或干燥管均可以；（3）晶格能、结构解释性质（3）原子轨道杂化方式、化学键以及配位数判断；（4）晶胞结构的分析、堆积方式和有关晶胞、晶体的计算等。
2.命题角度以特殊物质为切入点，文字结合图示的方式给出题目信息，综合考查物质结构的基础知识和灵活运用知识的能力。
3.学科素养能运用粒子观和化学符号和定量计算等手段理解物质的组成及其变化。
能从宏观与微观的结合对物质及其变化进行分类、理解和表征。
3615选修5：有机化学基础简述：有机物推断与合成详述：以药物、功能高分子材料的合成为载体命题。
（1）考查有机物名称。
（2）官能团的名称、反应类型。
（3）利用官能团的性质鉴别物质。
（4）通过分析框图推断有机物结构简式、进行化学方程式的书写。
（5）同分异构体数目的判断、书写限制条件的同分异构体。
2019年11月1日四川省绵阳市高2020届高2017级高三年级第一次诊断性考试理科综合试题绵阳一诊生物答案
绵阳市高中2017级第一次诊断性测试生物试题参考答案及评分标准说明：1.生物学专有名词和专业术语．．．．．．．．出现错字、别字、改变了原含义等, 扣1分/字(或不得分)。
2.除参考答案外, 其它合理答案应酌情给分。
选择题 (36分)1-6 C D B A C D非选择题(54分)29.(8分)(1)C5(1分) 叶绿体类囊体的薄膜上 (1分) (2)大于(2分)(3)叶绿体可利用光照条件下积累的ATP和[H]继续还原C3(2分) (4)左移(2分)30.(9分)(1)不能(2分)(2)除最适温度以外, 在图甲中曲线两侧会有两个不同温度对应的酶活性相同(3分)(3)淀粉溶液浓度 (2分) 降低淀粉水解反应的活化能 (2分)31.(11分)(1)拟核(1分) 氢键(1分)(2)解旋酶、DNA聚合酶(2分)DNA独特的双螺旋结构为复制提供了精确的模板, 通过碱基互补配对保证了复制准确进行(3)(3)干扰RNA聚合酶与DNA的结合；阻止tRNA和mRNA的结合；干扰核糖体的形成等(4分) 32.(11分)(1)蓝羽(1分) 亲代都是蓝羽, 子代出现了白羽(性状分离)(2分)(2) 1/2(2分)(3)让F1中短喙雄性与长喙雌性杂交, 观察并统计F2的表现型及比例(2分)若F2中,长喙雄性：短喙雌性=1:1, 则该等位基因位于Z染色体上；若F2中无论雌雄, 长喙：短喙=1:1, 则该等位基因位于常染色体上(4分)37. (15分)(1)碳源 (2分)(2)培养液的稀释倍数不够(2分) 增大培养液稀释倍数(2分)(3)稀释涂布平板法 (2分)(4)具有较高沸点, 能充分溶解胡萝卜素且不与水混溶(3分)(5)萃取剂 (2分) 过滤(2分)38. (15分)(1)MS (2分) 先分装后灭菌(2分)(2)B(2分) (3)生长素和细胞分裂素(2分)(4)排列疏松而无规则, 是一种高度液泡化的呈无定形状态的薄壁细胞(3分)(5)具有高效性和可以保持种苗的优良遗传特性(4分)。
安徽省芜湖市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末质量统测理综含答案
2022—2023学年度第一学期芜湖市中学教学质量统测高三年级理科综合能力测试试题卷本试题卷共16页，38小题，满分300分，考试用时150分钟。
注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、学校、考场/座位号、班级、准考证号填写在答题卷上，将条形码横贴在答题卷右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卷上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卷的整洁，考试结束后，将试题卷和答题卷一并交回。
可能用到的相对原子质量：H1N14Mg24Cl35.5一、选择题：本题共13小题，每小题6分，共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
（说明：生物部分为第1～6题，共36分；化学部分为第7~13题，共42分。
）1.下列关于真核细胞中酶和ATP的叙述，正确的是A.基因的转录和翻译都需要酶和ATPB.酶和ATP的产生不一定都需要酶C.活细胞都能产生酶，但不一定都能产生ATPD.细胞质基质和叶绿体基质都含有ATP合成酶2.下图为拟南芥液泡膜上的几种转运蛋白：包括载体蛋白和通道蛋白。
其中Na+/H+载体蛋白在将H+顺浓度梯度运出液泡的同时将Na+逆浓度梯度运进液泡。
下列叙述错误的是A.Na+/H+载体蛋白能同时完成两种离子的运输，但运输方式不同B.液泡中pH低于细胞质基质是因为H+协助扩散进入液泡的结果C.图中H2O和Cl-的运输都不消耗细胞内化学反应所释放的能量D.运输离子的载体蛋白具有特异性，在运输物质时空间结构发生改变3.关于生物学经典实验采用的科学方法及其结论，下列叙述正确的是A.运用差速离心法证明了DNA复制的方式是半保留复制B.运用假说-演绎法证明了果蝇的白眼基因在X染色体上C.运用加法原理控制自变量证明了肺炎链球菌的遗传物质是DNAD.运用同位素标记的人、鼠细胞融合实验证明了质膜具有流动性4.植物生长发育的调控，是由基因表达调控、激素调节和环境因素调节共同完成的。
2019-2020学年第一学期期末高三年级英语(一模)卷(含答案)
2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（满分140分考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once. B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4. A. She has to post a letter instead. B. She can’t send the message right now.C. She’s not sure if the computer is fixed.D. She has to turn down the man’s request.5. A. The book is much too long. B. He hasn’t read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the film. B. He is unlikely to go to the cinema.C. He has just recovered from the flu.D. He doesn’t think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place. B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalism class.D. Call the news agency about the job.18. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn’t as good as the scenery.D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on time.Section B （15分）Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to share responsibilities. B. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer games.12. A. They don’t receive grades. B. They don’t have to take exams.C. They can do whatever they like.D. They must study math and English.13. A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.2C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing “challenge” projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith began to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other Americans.C. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.-long dream to enter the Blackfoot world.16. A. Walter Smith’s lifeB. Walter Smith’s efforts to save an endangered culture.C. Walter Smith’s journey to Blackfoot’s community.D. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot Indians.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely online. B. Watching movies on the big theatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friends.D. Seeing new movies on weekends.18. A. Because he wants to save money and snacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilers (剧透).C. Because he wants to interact freely while watching movies.3D. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot.19. A. They enjoy watching superhero movies.B. They like sharing the latest movies online.C. They appreciate interacting freely with friends.D. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies.20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammaticallycorrect. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otherblanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve been wantingto sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But toEveryme, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of penc growth stage (21)__________(mark) in pencils, with each child’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that(22)__________(hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but thewall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited theirprevious home only (23)__________(discover) their wall of heights has beenfreshly painted over. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hateleaving that wall behind when I moved, (24)______ ______ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kidsstopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)__________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)__________ work is about capturing the4beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27)__________(take)photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed tophotograph (28)__________ we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together intoone image, (29)__________(transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.(30)__________ life-size photo of theThree weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me —pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.Section B （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word canbe used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. emphasizesB. principleC. enormousD. helpingE. energizedF. activeG. increased H. absorbing I. benefits J. analyzed K. temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes,self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, foundthis approach to kindergarten curriculum also ____31____children’s joy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ____32____information, they need to be allowed to belead author. “Indeed,____33____and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study’speople of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ____34____the effectiveness of a curriculumcalled Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 childrenwith different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ____35____is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools____36____ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning.“Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated5with school readiness (入学准备) than intelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the fir show ____37____ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ____38____ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in theschool year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ____39____ and excited about teaching, while teachers in themy students have made in writingcontrol group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ____40____ progressand reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited aboutschool,coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t w even if they were sick.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill ineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining users’ feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users’ heart, rather than their head, can more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and41 products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understandingwhat influences originality can have important and potentially 42 consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta,a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) 43 that imagines how the user would feelwhile using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which 44 creativity and, in turn,outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can 45 the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, an “objective –imagination-imagination” approach.The other focuses on feelings—how the product makes the consumer feel, a “feelingsConsumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. Soproduct designers 46 this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That’s importa but the 47 of usage can only attract consumers in some ways. 48 , the feelings-imagination approachleads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more49 to the consumer s’ ideas. Thisleads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, th powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage shows that a feelings-based approach is 50 to the commonly used objective-based approach, the researchers6wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies’ 52 , there was a51 consumers for new product ideas.”design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasinglyvery successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a53 effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach. That suggestsfeelings. In this way, designers can develop products that that these designers may 54 imagining users’ could 55 to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process andpromote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking in52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D. For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adapt D. commitSection B （22分）7Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was leftto any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a littlediscouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn moneyeven at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles asfuel—something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.York to join a theatre company, sheIt’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to Newfound herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of thisseemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted,confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent.Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,” with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spiritis the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn’t constantly watched. The expectations of hermother (whoraised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless orthat she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her orthey basically ignored her. But there wasn’t one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believingthat it is stupid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.56. What does the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.8B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.iences and the reasons for her success.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experD. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.910Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:?If you are doing moderate exercise , your heart rate should be closer to the 50% range.?If you are doing vigorous exercise , your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range. ?Try to stay in the 50–85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity.Measure your exercise heart rate in beats per minute (BPM).Look at the chart.- Find your age. If your age falls between the ages listed, round up to the next older age listed. - Compare your heart rate to the target exercise range.?Use your index finger (食指) and middle finger. Don ’t use your thumb (拇指) —it has a pulse of its own.?Place these two fingers on your wrist, just below the base of the thumb. ?Count the number of beats (pulses) for 15 seconds.?Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute. For example, if you count60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM.1161. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40.His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink some water.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)andA tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland’s pastfuture climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers havediscovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies init, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holocene and Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland waseven warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland.We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,ow far north it migrated (迁徙).”Axford said. “We were really surprised to see hsensitivity to This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’swarming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those modelss ice sheet might respond to man-made globalcould then improve predictions of how Greenland’warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice toequal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest G reenland might feel really remote, but whathappens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to seewhat happened when the Earth was warmer than today,” said Axford.12People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet,ice sheets. However, now researchers largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica’sice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, believe northern Greenland’swhich could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snowor mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.63.Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64.The new information about Greenland is important because______________.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speedto warmingB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s responseC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientiststo find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66.Which do you think is the best title of the passage?13A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodA. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the foodsystem.C. Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition security programs tofight against hunger.D. This means that smaller scale producers, processors and retailers are squeezed out.E. Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread.F. There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regardto the right to food.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, healthand education are affected by hunger.______67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, blackSouth Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans.Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe,and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yetfrom the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, anddon’t see unequal acces s to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are14frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever,see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food systemworks. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain.______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able tomaximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers havean opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to beaddressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right tofood in the first place.IV. Summary writing （10分）71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of thepassage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask myclients wh at makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t likebeing watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlightTo understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyeswatching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people wereterrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear ofbeing watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is toturn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that anincrease in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala(扁桃腺) activity, which isresponsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the senseof being under attack and start to feel less nervous.olutely possible to become a generous speaker. To Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absbegin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is startingwith the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you15speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.V. Translation （15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。
河南省天一大联考2019届高三上学期期末考试理科综合生物试题
天一大联考2018—2019学年高三年级上学期期末考试理科综合（生物部分）1.下列关于DNA和RNA的叙述，错误的是A. 某些RNA能降低化学反应的活化能，某些RNA能转运物质B. mRNA、tRNA、rRNA均参与蛋白质的合成过程C. 不是所有生物的DNA和RNA上都能贮存遗传信息D. 所有生物体内的DNA都是链状的双螺旋结构【答案】D【解析】【分析】核酸是遗传信息的携带者，是一切生物的遗传物质，在生物体的遗传、变异和蛋白质的生物合成中具有重要作用，细胞中的核酸根据所含五碳糖的不同分为DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）和RNA （核糖核酸）两种，构成DNA与RNA的基本单位分别是脱氧核苷酸和核糖核苷酸，每个脱氧核苷酸分子是由一分子磷酸、一分子脱氧核糖糖和一分子含氮碱基形成，每个核糖核苷酸分子是由一分子磷酸、一分子核糖和一分子含氮碱基形成。
【详解】有些酶的化学本质是RNA，能够降低化学反应的活化能，tRNA具有运输氨基酸的功能，A正确；蛋白质的合成过程中，模板是mRNA，运输氨基酸的工具是tRNA，场所核糖体的主要成分是rRNA和蛋白质，B正确；细胞生物的遗传信息都储存在DNA中，rRNA和tRNA不能储存遗传信息，C正确；并不是所有生物的DNA都是链状的双螺旋结构，如原核生物的DNA 呈环状，某些病毒的DNA是链状，D错误。
2.下列现象与图示不相符合的是A. 一片稳定的森林中兔子的数量变化B. 健康人肠道中大肠杆菌的数量变化C. 健康人血浆中K+浓度变化D. 健康人一生中酪氨酸酶活性的变化【答案】D【解析】【分析】据图分析，图示曲线发生了一定的波动，处于动态平衡之中，即随着自变量的变化，因变量处于先增加后降低的周期性变化过程中。
【详解】一片稳定的森林中，兔子的数量先增加，后因为食物的减少导致兔子的数量降低，当兔子的数量降低到一定的程度后草的数量又不断增加，则兔子的数量也随之增加，A正确；健康人肠道中的大肠杆菌的数量处于相对稳定的动态平衡之中，B正确；健康人血浆中K+浓度处于相对平衡状态，C正确；健康人一生中酪氨酸酶活性先增加后降低，不会出现周期性的变化，D错误。
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2019—2020学年第一学期高三年级理科综合能力测试卷
试卷分值：300分钟考试时间：150分钟
可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1 N:14 O:16 Cu:64 Cl:35.5 Na:23 C:12
一、选择题：（本题共21小题，每小题6分，共126分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，第1～18题只有一
个选项符合题目要求，第19～21题有多项符合题目要求。
全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。
）
1．下列关于“骨架”或“支架”的表述正确的是
A．磷脂双分子层与蛋白质共同构成了生物膜的基本支架，参与控制物质进出
B．DNA分子中的脱氧核糖和磷酸交替连接构成基本骨架，蕴藏着遗传信息
C．细胞骨架由蛋白质纤维组成，与细胞的分裂、能量转换等生命活动密切相关
D．氨基酸的基本骨架是由若干个相连的碳、氮原子构成
2．生物实验中常用大肠杆菌作为实验材料，下列说法正确的是
A．大肠杆菌呼吸作用产生的CO2可使溴麝香草酚蓝水溶液由黄色变绿色再变蓝色
B．大肠杆菌逆浓度梯度吸收K+时，既消耗能量又需要膜上载体蛋白的协助
C．赫尔希和蔡斯在“噬菌体侵染细菌的实验”中可用酵母菌替代大肠杆菌
D．采用差速离心法可将大肠杆菌的核糖体、线粒体等细胞器分离
3．如右图所示，将对称叶片左侧遮光右侧曝光，并采用适当的方法阻止两部分
之间的物质和能量的转移。
在适宜光照下照射12小时后，从两侧截取同等单
位面积的叶片，烘干称重，分别记为a和b(单位：g)。
下列相关叙述正确的是
A．(b+a)/12所代表的是该叶片净光合速率
B．b/12所代表的是该叶片的光合速率
C．a/12所代表的是该叶片的呼吸速率
D．(b－a)/12所代表的是该叶片真正光合速率
4.右图表示二倍体生物细胞中，某物质或结构在有丝分裂或减数分裂特定阶段
的数量变化。
下列叙述错误的是
A.若纵坐标是核DNA含量，AB段染色体数目与CD段染色体数目有
可能有相同的时期
B.若纵坐标是每条染色体的DNA含量，则该曲线只能表示减数分裂
C.若纵坐标是同源染色体的对数，则该曲线只能表示有丝分裂
D.若纵坐标是染色体数且CD段核DNA数是染色体数的两倍，则该曲线只能表示减数分裂
5．肺炎双球菌有多种类型，其中S型菌可分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型；Ⅲ型荚膜最厚，致病力最强；S型菌在无血清的培养基中传代培养后，荚膜非常容易丢失而变为R型菌。
下列有关R型菌和S型菌的说法正确的是A．厚荚膜基因(SⅢ)可突变成薄荚膜基因(SI)，则SⅢ和SI互为等位基因
B．R型菌无毒，可以在人体内与人和平共处
C．S型菌通过无血清培养得到的R型菌没有致病性
D．R型菌转化成S型菌其基因型发生改变
6．科学家在线虫细胞中发现一种微小RNA(let-7RNA)。
该RNA在线虫幼虫期的后期出现，抑制Lin-41蛋白的合成，促使线虫由幼虫期进入成虫期。
若控制let-7RNA的基因发生突变，将导致线虫一直停留
在幼虫期。
下列叙述错误的是
A．控制let7-RNA的基因转录时，RNA聚合酶与该基因的起始密码子结合
B．let7-RNA在幼虫期的后期出现，是基因选择性表达的结果
C．let7-RNA可能是阻止Lin-41蛋白的翻译过程，从而抑制该蛋白质的合成
D．线虫不能由幼虫期进入成虫期，是由于遗传信息发生改变导致的
7．化学与社会生活息息相关，下列有关说法不正确的是（）
A．树林晨曦中缕缕阳光是丁达尔效应的结果
B．为提高人体对钙的有效吸收，医学上常以葡萄糖为原料合成补钙药物
C．2018年12月8日嫦娥四号发射成功，其所用的太阳能电池帆板的材料是二氧化硅
D．城郊的农田上随处可见的农用塑料大棚，其塑料薄膜不属于新型无机非金属材料
8．根据下列实验操作和现象所得到的结论正确的是（）
9A
A．含2.8g硅的SiO2晶体中存在的共价键总数为2N A
B．1L0.5mol·L－1的Na3PO4溶液中含有阳离子的总数为1.5N A
C．标准状况下，2.0gD2O中含有的质子数和中子数均为N A
D．室温时，pH=12的Ba(OH)2溶液中，氢氧根离子数目为1.0×10—2N A
10．空间实验室“天宫一号”的供电系统中有再生氢氧燃料电池（RFC），RFC是一种将水电解技术与氢氧燃料电池技术相结合的可充电电池。
下图为RFC工作原理示意图，有关说法正确的是（）
A．当有0.8mol电子转移时，b极产生4.48LO2
B．为了增加导电性可以将左边容器中的水改为NaOH溶液
C．d极上发生的电极反应是：2H+ +2e－=H2↑
D．c极上进行氧化反应，A池中的H+可以通过隔膜进入B
11．化学学科中有很多的“规律”，下列规律运用正确的是（）
A ．酸性：H 2CO 3<H 3PO 4<H 2SO 4<HClO 4，所以非金属性C<P<S<Cl
B ．依据强酸能制弱酸的原理，H 2SO 4能与CuS 反应制取H 2S
C ．任何方式下的氧化还原反应，氧化剂的氧化性一定强于氧化产物
D ．任何条件下，体积大的气体的物质的量一定比体积小的气体多
12．短周期元素A 、B 、C 、D 、E 的原子序数依次增大，A 的原子得到一个电子达到稀有气体结构，B 的
单质通常作为瓜果、食品的保护气，
E 所在的族序数是周期数的2倍，C 、D 、E 的最外层电子之和为10。
下列说法正确的是（ ）
A ．简单离子半径：E>B>C >D
B ．
C 可以从溶液中置换出
D 单质
C ．A 、B 、E 形成化合物中只存在共价键
D ．A 和B 形成的化合物溶于水可导电，所以该化合物为电解质
13．地奥司明片是治疗静脉淋巴功能不全相关的各种症状（腿部沉
重、疼痛、晨起酸胀不适感）的主要治疗药物，下图为合成地奥司明片
重要中间体，
下列有关说法正确的是（ ）
A ．分子式为C 18H 20O 6
B ．该中间体是高分子化合物
C ．该中间体可发生水解反应生成乙醇
D ．该中间体分子在一定条件下可以发生取代、加成、氧化反应
14.甲乙两车在同一条直道上行驶，它们运动的位移s 随时间t 变化的关系如
图所示，已知乙车做匀变速直线运动，其图线与t 轴相切于10s 处，则下列说
法正确的是（）
A ．甲车的初速度为零
B ．乙车的初位置在s 0=60m 处
C ．乙车的加速度大小为1.6m/s 2
D ．5s 时两车相遇，此时甲车速度较大
15.如图，竖直平面内有一段圆弧MN ，小球从圆心O 处水平抛
出；若初速度为v a ，将落在圆弧上的a 点；若初速度为v b ，将落在圆弧上的b 点；
已知Oa 、Ob 与竖直方向的夹角分别为α、β，不计空气阻力，则（ ）
A ． a b v sin v sin αβ=
B
．a b v v = C
．a b v v = D
．a b v v = 16.如图所示，天花板上固定有一光滑的定滑轮，绕过定滑轮且不可伸长
的轻质细绳左端悬挂一质量为M 的铁块；右端悬挂有两质量均为m 的
铁块，上下两铁块用轻质细线连接，中间夹一轻质弹簧处于压缩状态，
此时细线上的张力为2mg ，最初系统处于静止状态。
某瞬间将细线烧断，
则左端铁块的加速度大小为（）。