It‘s in DNA
Unit 10 It is in the DNA
Unit 10 It is in the DNATEACHER: Good morning. Today we’ll talk about an important topic in biology--DNA and DNA testing. Can anybody tell us what DNA stands for?STUDENT 1: deoxyribonucleic acid...TEACHER: Right. It’s the molecule that carries genetic information in all living cells. Now first, we’ll look at what DNA is and when it was discovered. Then, we’ll look at DNA testing and several applications, or uses of testing. This is an exciting topic for biologists because the more we learn about DNA, the more we see how science may change our lives--from healthcare to our relationships. OK, what does DNA look like?STUDENT 1: It looks like two strings, kind of wrapping around each other.TEACHER: Yes, exactly. There’s a simple drawing of one in your book. As you can see, a molecule of DNA consists of two strands of chemical compounds arranged in a twisted pattern. Inside the human cell are chromosomes. The DNA is organized in twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in the cell. Genes are arranged on the chromosomes and these carry fundamental genetic information like hair color, eye color, or characteristics that aren’t as visible, such as intelligence, and a lot more.Scientists have been studying DNA for a long time. First, in 1860, Gregor Mendel made two important discoveries: tiny particles he called genes, and, that genes carry information from cell to cell. Now this was really the beginning. Then, in 1953, J. D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered and described the DNA structure. Their work was so important that they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. For the first time, scientists could understand exactly how DNA tells the cells what to do. This generated more DNA research, and by the end of the twentieth century, scientists made other important discoveries. Probably the most important work was the Human Genome Project. The goal of the Human Genome Project was to complete the first reading of the human genome, the complete set of human DNA. Uh, this was a huge job, but after ten long years in June, 2000, the head of the Project announced that they had identified the complete set of human genes. Uh, this was a huge deal. Most people saw this as the beginning of a whole new era in DNA research. Scientists could read all of the genetic messages in the human body! This is, of course, a very brief history of the study of DNA.All right, let’s consider DNA testing. One important use of DNA testing is testing identity, which is also called DNA fingerprinting. Here’s how a DNA fingerprint is done. Scientists take a small sample of someone’s hair or skin, which contain DNA. Next, they treat the sample with chemicals and make a film, like a small photograph. On this film there is a visible pattern of black bars. This pattern of black bars is unique for each person. So, a DNA sample from your hair identifies you, it’s, it’s like your fingerprint; it identifies you and you only. I see a question. Miguel? STUDENT 2: Does the DNA from hair or skin or blood all look the same?TEACHER: No, not exactly. The DNA from your hair will look like hair DNA but it will be uniquely your DNA pattern. It’s sort of like all noses look like noses, right? But your nose looks like your nose only.Now I want to look at two applications, or uses, of DNA testing. First, how it can be used by doctors, and second, how it can be used by the police. Within health-care, one important use is to identify potential for health problems. Researchers have found some genes linked to specific diseases. For example, Huntington’s disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 4, andAlzheimer’s disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 19. A genetic link means that doctors know that if someone has defects in these genes, they’re more likely to get these health problems; their potential is increased. Notice, I didn’t say “Researchers have found that some gene defects cause specific diseases.” There is simply a link.After doctors perform DNA testing, they can then decide the best way to use the information. For example, they may give medication to a patient to prevent a disease from ever starting. Genetic testing can also be used to decide which medicine to give someone. This is called targeted medicine. To me, this is very exciting and promising. There are tiny differences in DNA from person to person. These differences can affect which patients will be helped by a drug, and who may be harmed by it. This is, uh, a tremendous advantage. It saves lives and money.Now, let’s look at how DNA testing is used by police. The police can use DNA fingerprints to identify and trace criminals. All they need is a small amount, or trace, of blood or hair from the crime scene. If the DNA samples from the crime scene and the suspect match, the results, at least in the United States, can be used as evidence in court. So, DNA testing can be used to help put someone in prison. In much the same way, DNA testing can be used to help innocent people in prison. People in prison can now try to use DNA testing for crimes that happened, say, ten years ago. If their DNA fingerprint doesn’t match the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene, this can help them get a new trial and perhaps get them out of prison.As you can see, there are benefits to DNA testing. However, there are also some concerns that this type of information might be used against us in the future.Now let’s consider how DNA testing could be used against you. What if a company you wanted to work for asked you to take a DNA test? And what if your DNA test showed that you had a gene defect linked to a certain type of cancer? Would the company decide not to hire you? People also worry about health insurance. They’re afraid they might not be able to get health insurance if their DNA test shows they’re at a higher risk for certain diseases. As a result, in the United States, some laws have been passed to protect the privacy of medical records. Now DNA testing has other possibilities that we won’t discuss today. But in any case, many people think about the negative uses of testing--the fear that it will be used against people or to create “perfect” babies. Others think about police being able to trace criminals and possible advances in healthcare. But, another way to think about it is that it tells us more about who we are, and that’s the goal of biology--to understand nature.I guess I’ll stop there for today. In the next class, I want to talk in more depth about uses of DNA testing by doctors. OK, we’ll start there next time. That’s, uh, that’s all for today.。
keeping innovation in our dna关于创新的句子
keeping innovation in our dna关于创新的句子1. The key to success in today's fast-paced world is keeping innovation in our DNA.2. Innovation is the lifeblood of progress, and we must nurture it in all aspects of our organization.3. Our company's mantra is keeping innovation in our DNA, as it drives our growth and adaptability.4. Creativity and out-of-the-box thinking are embedded in our DNA, allowing us to stay ahead of the competition.5. We constantly seek ways to improve and innovate, as it is ingrained in our DNA.6. Embracing a culture of innovation is essential to our organization's long-term success.7. Our commitment to keeping innovation in our DNA ensures that we never settle for the status quo.8. We encourage our employees to think innovatively and challenge conventional wisdom.9. Innovation is not just a buzzword for us; it is a way of life ingrained in our DNA.10. Our DNA is wired for innovation, enabling us to find unique solutions to complex problems.11. We foster an environment that is conducive to innovation,encouraging our team to take risks and explore new ideas.12. Our company's DNA is characterized by a relentless pursuit of innovation and excellence.13. Keeping innovation in our DNA allows us to continuously adapt and thrive in a rapidly changing marketplace.14. Innovation is in our DNA, driving us to constantly push boundaries and explore uncharted territory.15. We believe that a commitment to innovation is essential in remaining relevant in today's dynamic business landscape.16. We encourage a mindset of innovation, empowering our employees to think outside the box and challenge the status quo.17. We are proud to have innovation embedded in our DNA, allowing us to stay ahead of industry trends.18. Our organization's success is fueled by our ability to embrace change and keep innovation at the core of our DNA.19. Our DNA is characterized by a constant drive to innovate, allowing us to disrupt established markets and create new opportunities.20. Keeping innovation in our DNA is not just a business strategy; it is part of our identity and purpose.。
有关人类基因组计划的小故事
有关人类基因组计划的小故事英文回答：I remember when I first learned about the Human Genome Project in school. It was such a fascinating topic that I couldn't help but dive deeper into it. The Human Genome Project was an international research effort to determine the complete sequence of the human genome, which is the set of genetic information in our DNA. This project aimed to identify and map all the genes in the human genome and understand their functions.One of the most exciting things about the Human Genome Project was the potential it held for personalized medicine. By understanding the genetic makeup of individuals, doctors could tailor treatments to each person's unique genetic profile. For example, if someone had a geneticpredisposition to a certain disease, doctors couldintervene early to prevent it from developing.I also remember learning about how the Human Genome Project has led to significant advancements in genetics and biotechnology. Scientists have been able to identify genes associated with various diseases, develop new diagnostic tools, and even create genetically modified organisms for research purposes.Overall, the Human Genome Project has had a profound impact on the field of genetics and medicine. It has opened up new possibilities for understanding and treating genetic diseases, as well as improving our overall health and well-being.中文回答：我记得当我第一次在学校学习人类基因组计划时，那是一个如此迷人的话题，我忍不住深入研究。
分子生物学名词解释
分子生物学名词解释分子生物学名词解释1. 基因（顺反子）（gene(cistron)）：指能产生一条肽链的DNA 片段。
包括编码区和其上下游区域（引导区和尾部），以及在编码片段间（外显子）的割裂序列（内含子）。
2. DNA聚合酶（DNA polymerase）：合成子代DNA链（在DNA模板的指导下）的酶。
任何独特的酶可在修复或复制（或两者都有）中发挥作用。
3. RNA聚合酶（RNA polymerase）：使用DNA作为模板合成RNA的酶（正式应为DNA依赖性RNA聚合酶）。
4. 反转录酶（reverse transcriptase）：以单链RNA为模板合成双链DNA的酶。
5. A deoxyribonuclease(DNAase)is an enzyme that attacks bonds in DNA. It may cut onlyone strand or both strand.DNA酶：攻击DNA之间化学键的酶。
（第二句自译：它可能仅仅切断单链或双链。
）6. RNA酶（ribonucleases(RNAase)）：底物为RNA的酶，它可对双链或单链RNA特异性作用，它可为核酸内切酶或核酸外切酶。
7. 核酸外切酶（exonuclease）：每次可从核酸链一头切割一个核苷酸的酶，可能特异性切割DNA或者RNA的5‘或者3’端。
8. 核酸内切酶（endonuclease）：切割核酸链内的化学键。
可特异性地切割RNA或者单链或双链DNA。
9. A hotspot is a site in the genome at which the frequencyof mutation (or recombination)is very much increased, usually by at least an order of magnitude relative to neighboring sites.热点：突变或重组频率显著增加的位点。
omega 细菌试剂盒说明书
Buffer BDL contains a chaotropic salt. Use gloves and protective eyew are w hen handling this solution.
Store the diluted DNA Wash Buffer at room temperature. ! Carry out all of centrifugation step at room temperature.
Storage and Stability
All components of the E.Z.N.A.® Bacterial DNA Kit, except the RNase A and Lysozyme can be stored at 22E C-25E C and are guaranteed for at least 24 months from the date of purchase. Once reconstituted in water, lysozyme must be stored at -20E C. Store RNase A at -20E C. Proteinase K should be stored at 15EC - 25EC. Under cool ambient conditions, a precipitate may form in the Buffer BDL/BTL. In case of such an event, heat the bottle at 37EC to dissolve. Store Buffer BDL/BTL at room temperature.
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朗文英语听说教程二听力原文_Unit_10
Unit 10 It's in the DNATEACHER: Good morning. Today we'll talk about an important topic in biology-DNA and DNA testing. Can anybody tell us what DNA stands for?STUDENT 1: de-oxyribonucleic acid....TEACHER: Right. It's the molecule that carries genetic information in all living cells. Now first, we'll look at what DNA is and when it was discovered. Then, we’ll look at DNA testing and several applications, or uses of testing. This is an exciting topic for biologists because the more we learn about DNA, the more we see how science may change our lives-from healthcare to our relationships. OK, what does DNA look like?STUDENT 1: It looks like two strings, kind of wrapping around each other.TEACHER: Yes, exactly. There's a simple drawing of one in your book. As you can see, a molecule of DNA consists of two strands of chemical compounds arranged in a twisted pattern. Inside the human cell are chromosomes. The DNA is organized in twenty-three pairs of chromosomes in the ceil Genes are arranged on the chromosomes and these carry jUnd4menutl genetic information like hair color, eye color, or characteristics that aren't ad visable, such as intelligence. and a lot more. Scientists have been studying DNA for a long time. First, in 1860, Gregor Mendel made two important discoveries: tiny particles he called genes, and, that genes carry information from cell 10 cell. Now this was really the beginning. Then, in 1953, J. D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered and described the DNA structure. Their work was so important that they received the Nobel Prize in 1962. For the first time, scientists could understand exactly how DNA tells the cells what 10 do. This generated more DNA research, and by the end of the twentieth century, scientists made other important discoveries. Probably the most important work was the Human Genome Project. The goal of the Human Genome Project was to complete the first reading of the human genome, the complete set of human DNA. Uh, this was a huge job, but after ten long years in June,2000, the head of the Project announced that they had identified the complete set of human genes. Uh, this was a huge deal. Most people saw this as the beginning of a whole new era in DNA research. Scientists could read all of the genetic messages in the human body! This is, of course, a very brief history of the study of DNA. All right, let's consider DNA testing. One important use of DNA testing is testing identity, which is also called DNA t1ngerprinting. Here's how a DNA fingerprint is done. Scientists take a small sample of someone's hair or skin, which contain DNA. Next, they treat the sample with chemicals and make a film, like a small photograph. On this film there is a visible pattern of black bars. This pattern of black bars is unique for each person. So, a DNA sample from your hair identifies you, it's, it's like your fingerprint; it identifies you and you only. I see a question. Miguel?STUDENT 2: Does the DNA from hair or skin or blood all look the same?TEACHER: No, not exactly. The DNA from your hair will look like hair DNA but it will be uniquely your DNA pattern. It's sort of like all noses look like noses, right? Bur your nose looks like your nose only. Now I want to look at two applictltjDns, or uses, of DNA testing. First, how it can be used by doctors, and second, how it can be used by the police. Within health care, one important use is to identify potential for health problems. Researchers have found some genes linked to specific diseases. For example. Huntington’s disease is linked to a defect in chromosome 4, and Alzheimer's diseases linked to a defect in chromosome 19. A genetic link means that doctors know that if someone has defects in these genes. they’re more likely to get these health problems;their potential is increased. Notice, I didn’t say "Researchers have found that some gene defects cause specific diseases." There is simply a link. After doctors perform DNA testing, they can then decide the best way 10 use the information. For example, they may give medication to a patient to prevent a disease from ever starting. Genetic testing can also be used to decide which medicine to give someone. This is called targeted medicine. To me, this is very exciting and promising. There are tiny differences in DNA from person to person. These differences can affect which patients will be helped by a drug, and who may be harmed by it. This is, uh, a tremendous advantage. [t saves lives and money. NOW, let's look at how DNA testing is used by police. The police can use DNA fingerprints to identify and frau criminals. All they need is a small amount, or trace, of blood or hair from the crime scene. if the DNA samples from the crime scene and the suspect match, the results, at least in the United States, can be used as evidence in court. So, DNA testing can be used 10 help put someone in prison. In much the same way, DNA testing can be used 10 help innocent people in prison. People in prison can now try to use DNA testing for crimes that happened, say, ten years ago. If their DNA fingerprint doesn’t match the DNA fingerprint from the crime scene, this can help them get a new trial and perhaps get them out of prison. As you can see, there are benefits to DNA testing. However, there are also some concerns that this type of information might be used against us in the future. Now let's consider how DNA testing could be used against you. What if a company you wanted to work for asked you to take a DNA test? And what if your DNA test showed that you had a gene defect linked to a certain type of cancer? Would the company decide not to hire you? People also worry about health insurance. They’re afraid they might not be able to get health insurance if their DNA test shows they're at a higher risk for certain diseases. As a result, in the United States, some laws have been passed to protect the privacy of medical records. Now DNA testing has other possibilities that we won’t discuss today. But in any case, many people think about the negative uses of testing-the fear that it will be used against people or to create "perfect" babies. Others think about police being able to trace criminals and possible advances in healthcare. But, another way 10 think about it is that it tells us more about who we are, and that's the goal of biology-to understand nature.[ guess ['II stop there for Toady. [n the next class, I want to talk in more depth about uses of DNA testing by doctors. OK, we'll start there next time. That's, uh, that's all for today.。
拥有 红色基因英文作文
拥有红色基因英文作文I've got the red gene, you know. It's in my blood, in my DNA. It's the kind of gene that makes me fiery, passionate, and full of energy. When I walk into a room, people can feel the heat coming off me. It's like I'm always on fire, burning with intensity and drive.This red gene of mine, it's what gives me that competitive edge. I don't just want to win, I need to win. Whether it's in sports, in business, or in life, I always have to come out on top. Failure is not an option for me.I'll do whatever it takes to succeed, even if it means taking risks and pushing myself to the limit.But it's not just about being aggressive and assertive. This red gene also makes me incredibly passionate about the things I believe in. When I care about something, I throw myself into it wholeheartedly. I can't just sit on the sidelines and watch things happen – I have to be in the thick of it, fighting for what I believe is right.Sometimes, though, this red gene of mine can get meinto trouble. I can be impulsive, quick-tempered, and stubborn. I don't always think before I act, and I can be a bit of a hothead when things don't go my way. But hey,that's just part of who I am. I'd rather be passionate and hot-blooded than cold and indifferent.At the end of the day, having the red gene is both a blessing and a curse. It gives me the drive and determination to go after what I want, but it also means I have to be careful not to let my emotions get the better of me. But you know what? I wouldn't trade it for anything.It's what makes me who I am, and I wouldn't have it any other way.。
科学英语：乐观似乎取决于基因
FOR some people in this world, the glass always seems to be half-full. For others it is half-empty. But how someone comes to have a sunny disposition1 in the first place is an interesting question.It has been known for a long time that optimists2 see the world selectively, mentally processing positive things while ignoring negative ones, and that this outlook helps determine their health and well-being3. In recent years, it has also become clear that carriers of a particular version of a particular gene4 are at higher risk than others of depression and attempted suicide when they face traumatic events. The gene in question lies in a region of the genome that promotes the activity of a second gene, which encodes a protein called the serotonin transporter. Serotonin is a messenger molecule5 that carries signals between nerve cells, and it is known to modulate6 many aspects of human behaviour, although the details are complex and controversial. The transporter protein recycles serotonin back into the cell that produced it, making it available for reuse, but also reducing the amount in the junctions7 between cells and thus, it is presumed, the strength of the signal.It has looked increasingly likely, therefore, that genes8 -- particularly those connected with serotonin -- have a role to play in shaping a person's outlook. So Elaine Fox and her colleagues at the University of Essex, in Britain, wondered whether genes play a part in the selective attention to positive or negative material, with consequent effects on outlook.To find out, they took samples of DNA9 from about 100 people and then subjected these people to what is known as the dot-probe paradigm10 test to see how they reacted to different stimuli11. In this test participants are briefly12 shown photographs that may be positive, negative or neutral in tone. They then have to press a keypad to indicate when a dot has appeared on the screen. It has been found by experience that the more distracting an image is, the longer a person takes to respond when the dot appears. That allowed Dr Fox and her team to discover how distracting particular people found particular images.In a paper just published in the Proceedings13 of the Royal Society B they report that, sure enough, gene-related variation caused a bias14 in attention towards positive and negative material. Some people had two "long" versions of the promoter gene (one inherited from each parent), a combination that reduces the amount of serotonin in the junctions between nerve cells. These individuals were biased15 towards positive images and away from negative ones. By contrast, those who had either a long and a short version of the gene, or two short versions (and thus, presumably, more serotonin in the junctions), did not have such protective biases16. In other words, the optimists really did see the world differently.Rose-tinted spectacles may be good for one's health, as these results fit in with wider ideas about how a tendency to look on the bright side of life is part of being resilient to stress. Those with short variants17 of this gene are expected to have anincreased susceptibility to mood disorders18 following such stress. It is not all good news, though, for optimists. Because these results suggest that a person's attitude to life is inherited, they serve as a stark19 warning to all buoyant optimists that tryingto cheer the rest of the world up with nothing more than a smile and an effortlessly sunny disposition is doomed20 to failure.词汇表：1 dispositionn.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署参考例句：He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
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Unit 10 It’s in the DNA
Chen Shuai 2120120654
Chen Kang 2120120652
Date：04/29/2013
The Content What DNA stands for ?
DNA testing and its application Conclusion
What DNA stands for?
DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid.
It is the molecule that carries genetic
information in all living cells.
A molecule of DNA consists of two
strands of chemical compounds
arranged in a twisted pattern.
The Father of DNA
In 1953, J. D. Watson and
Francis Crick discovered and
described the DNA structure.
Their work was so important that
they received the Nobel Prize in
1962.
DNA testing
One important use of DNA testing is testing identity, which is also called DNA fingerprinting.
Scientists take a
small sample of
someone’s hair or
skin, which
contain DNA
They treat the
sample with
chemicals and make
a film, like a small
photograph.On this film there is a visible pattern of black bars. This pattern of black bars is unique for each person.
Does the DNA from hair or skin or blood
all look the same?
No, not exactly.
The DNA from your hair will look like hair DNA
but it will be uniquely your DNA pattern.
It’s sort of like all noses look like noses, right?
But your nose looks like your nose only.
Two applications of DNA testing By doctors By police
.
DNA is used by doctors
Within health-care, one important use is to identify
potential for health problems. Researchers have found some genes linked to specific diseases.
a defect in chromosome 4 a defect in chromosome 21
DNA is used by doctors
From the DNA testing, doctors can give medication to
a patient to prevent a disease from ever starting.
Genetic testing can also be used to decide which
medicine to give someone. This is called targeted
medicine.
Besides,doctors can also use the DNA testing to
make organ replication.
DNA is used by police
The police can use DNA fingerprints to identify and trace criminals.
DNA testing can be used by police to help innocent people in prison.
DNA is used by police
Abducted children find their parents through DNA test .
Genetically Modified Foods
People also worry about health insurance. They’re afraid they might not be able to get health insurance if their DNA test shows they’re at a higher risk for certain diseases.
Conclusion
DNA is unique from person to person and it is changing our life wonderfully!
We should make use of its advantage in the real life such as identifying and tracing criminals.
Also ,we should resolutely resist its negative influence such as body discriming.。