高考英语一轮复习之概要写作专题复习
2024年上海市高三英语高考一轮复习考点19 概要写作技巧
考点19 概要写作技巧课前热身练 (1)核心考点梳理 (3)（一）概要写作常考体裁 (3)（二）写作步骤 (3)（三）如何概括主旨大意 (4)（四）如何用自己语言表达原文主旨 (6)当堂知识检测 (10)课后巩固提高 (16)课前热身练Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.Kangaroos can “talk” to usKangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought.Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container.Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added.It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops.____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________71．In a recent study, kangaroos have proved to be smarter than we thought—they have the ability to communicate with humans. Facing the inaccessible food in the tests, kangaroos which are similar to domesticated animals were found to turn to people using body language. The findings have refreshed the scientists’ understanding of kangaroos’ behaviour, probably improving our perception of them.【导语】本文是一篇说明文。
高三一轮复习--概要写作
高三一轮复习--概要写作 (四）读写综合 练习概要写作1 Sales Strategies How can a company improve its sales? One of the keys to more effective selling is for a company to first decide on its “sales strategy”. In other words, what is the role of the salesperson? Is the salesperson’s job narrative, suggestive, or consultive? The “narrative” sales strategy depends on the salesperson moving quickly into a standard sales presentation. His or her pitch highlights the benefit for the customer of a particular product or service. This approach is most effective for customers whose buying motives are basically the same and is also well suited to companies who have a large number of prospects on which to call. The “suggestive” approach is tailored more for the individual customer. The salesperson must be in a position to offer alternative recommendations that meet a particular customer’s needs. One key aspect of the suggestive approach is the need for the salesperson to engage the buyer in some sort of discussion. The salesperson can then use the information from the customer to suggest an appropriate product or service. The final strategy demands that a company’s sales staff act as “consultants” for the buyer. In this role, the salesperson must acquire a great deal of information about the customer. They do this through market research, surveys, and face-to-face discussions. Using this information, the salesperson makes a detailed presentation tailored specifically to a consumer's needs. More and more sales teams are switching from a narrative or a suggestive approach to a more consultative strategy. As a result, corporations are looking more at intangibles (such as creativity and analytical skills and less at educational background and technical skills. 概要写作2 When You Hear the Final Whistle One of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire. But even harder is finding the answer to the question “What am I going to do with the rest of my life?” Some sportspeople go on playing too long. Perhaps they just can’t stand life without the “high” of playing professional sport. Michael Jordan, the greatest basketball player of all time retired three times. He retired once from the Chicago Bulls, made a successful comeback with the Bulls, then retired again. His second comeback with an inferior team ended in failure and he retired for ever at the age of 38. Jordan said, “There will never be anything I do that will fulfill me as much as competing did. ” Others can’t resist the chance of one last “pay day”. Muhammad Ali needed the money, but his comeback fight, at the age of 39, against Trevor Berbick, was one of the saddest spectacles in modem sport. After losing to Berbick, Ali retired permanently. Three years later he developed Parkinson’s disease. For some people, the pain of retirement never leaves them. As Jimmy Greaves, an ex-England international footballer said, UI think that a lot of players would prefer to be shot once their career is over. Many of them spend their retirement in a continual battle against depression, alcohol, or drugs. But for the lucky few, retirement can mean a successful new career. Franz Beckenbauer is a classical example of a footballer who won everything with his club, Bayern Munich. After retiring he became a successful coach with Bayern and finally president of the club. John McEnroe, the infamous “bad boy” of tennis，is now a highly respected and highly paid TV commentator. But sadly, for most sportspeople these cases are the exceptions. 概要写作3 IKEA Since it opened its first store in 1943, IKEA has become one of the biggest furniture empires in the world. The company has made people think differently about the way they furnish their homes, particularly in countries like Germany, the UK and France. Over 365 million people worldwide spend more than ￡ 8 billion in IKEA stores each year and the number of customers keeps rising. The best-selling products are bookshelves, sofas, candles, chairs and coat hangers, but perhaps IKEA is most famous for its flatpack furniture. Flatpack furniture was invented by chance in 1956 by a man called Gillis Lundgren. He lived in a Swedish town called Almhult and worked for a small furniture company. One day Lundgren needed to deliver a table to a customer, but the table wouldn’t fit in his car. “Let’s pull off the legs and put them underneath，，’ said Lundgren — and that was the moment flatpack furniture was born. From that simple beginning, the small furniture company became IKEA and Lundgren became one of its top designers. The secret of IKEA’s success is not just the design，it’s also the price. Flatpacks don’t take up much space, so IKEA can send furniture round the world very cheaply. Also the stores don’t employ lots of salespeople to help you find or carry things; it
高考英语复习专题概要写作课件
2．精练简洁。精练指的是概括的内容要高度浓缩。学生可以利不必要的细节。简洁指 的是所使用的语言简练。学生可以用抽象的、概括性的语言代替具体形象的语 言。
3．灵活转换。语言转换就是用不同的词或句式来表达与原有表达内容相同 的意义，且重新表达后能做到简单易懂。灵活转换包括语言换说和句子重构。 语言换说可以通过同义、近义和反义变换来替换需要被替换的词汇；句子重构 可以改变原有句子中个别词和词组在句子中充当的语法成分或变换句式来实 现。
Though the belief in the merit (好处) of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century.Scientifically speaking， cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea： Clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far?
5．修改、定稿。认真阅读初稿，对照原文，检查是否漏掉重要内容。检查 并确定拼写、语法、标点正确无误。检查是否符合规定的词数要求。
省级公开课课件高考英语一轮复习概要写作技(2024)
End to end corresponden ce
Introduce the theme at the beginning, summarize the entire text or propose prospects at the end, forming a complete discourse structure.
Understand the cultural differences between the East and the West, and avoid cultural conflicts or misunderstandings in the article.
Clear hierarchy
Reasonably arrange paragraph order, reflecting the logical hierarchy and progressive relationship of the content.
Transition is natural
using transitional words, phrases, or sentences to achieve natural connections and transitions between paragraphs.
Use advanced vocabulary and phrases, such as fixed collocations, idioms, proverbs, etc., to enhance the expression effect of sentences.
2024/1/25
Logical coherence
Pay attention to language authenticity
高考英语专题复习：概要写作四篇及答案
高考英语专题复习：概要写作四篇及答案一I’m about to begin my fifth season of tree planting. Each year, around this time, I have mixed feelings about the job. Never have I loved a job so much while hating it with equal measure. Before a season, after living in the coziness of my home for the winter months, I begin to romanticize and crave (渴望) the challenges of life in the bush.I mainly plant trees on the coast of British Columbia (英属哥伦比亚，加拿大西部之一省) and get paid between 25 and 45 cents a tree. The job can be profitable: It gives planters the opportunity to lead a roaming (漫游的) lifestyle, with a temporary obligation to spend a few months filling their bank accounts. But there are many challenges.In the early hours of the morning, we join our teams and travel along rough (崎岖不平的) roads deep into the woodlands. During the ride, we prepare ourselves for the difficult challenges that lay ahead.When stepping out of the trucks, often in the pouring rain, we’re faced with a steep chunk (块) of land that’s just been logged (砍伐). I step into the rain and fill my bags with hundreds of tiny trees. The conversations with my team become strategic with a few jokes to boost(改善) the mood. Seasoned tree-planters treat this more like a sport than a job, and competition fills the air.Once our bags are full, we suppress (抑制) any reluctance and charge up that hillside. We jump from log to log, and if they roll out from under our feet, we grab (抓住) onto branches –or anything within reach –and swing (摇摆) around like monkeys. We push through stinging (带刺的) bushes. We stumble (跌跌撞撞) and fall constantly, always pushing ourselves to go faster among groups of insects that we often breathe in.While tree planting, I am confronted with someone else; a self I thought I knew. It is a person I try to come to peace with on those hillsides, during those strange days of isolation (隔绝) and deep thinking.Tree planting is a laboratory of self-examination and growth. You master your mind, confronting the worst and the best in your nature, pushing yourself as hard as you can. A new version (版本) of yourself awaits at the end of the experience.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考范文I have mixed feelings about tree planting. This job can be profitable as well as challenging. When I plant trees, I’m confronted with another me. Tree planting brings self-examination and growth, and you must push yourself as hard as you can. Finally, a new version of you appears.二I was with my mom one day as we took a walk while window shopping. We both knew we wouldn’t be buying much.I remember I was looking up at the people we passed as we walked. Ladies wore five-inch heels and bright clothing. Men wore expensive scents (香水) and creams that wiped away (擦去) the wrinkles (皱纹) on their faces.An uneasy feeling started to settle in my chest. I could deny it no longer; I was ashamed of my mother.We were in a high-class neighborhood –I knew that. We lived in a small, overpriced apartment building at the edge of our county. Mom chose to move there because she knew the schools were good. I realized for the first time that we didn’t belong there.I could see the heavy lines around mom’s eyes and mouth. She wore cheap clothes and worn-out shoes. Her eyes were tired from working long hours to make ends meet, and her hair was too gray for her age.My mom is nothing extraordinary, yet at that moment, she stood out because she was just so plain. I didn’t want to be seen with her, althoughthere was no one important around to see me anyway. I felt embarrassed about being at her side.We were standing in the middle of a high-end store, and mom was holding a sweater.She said, “This will look good on you. Do you want it?”It was much too expensive, but I almost thoughtlessly answered “yes”.Then I took a closer look at the small, tired woman with a big smile and a sweater in her hands, happy to be giving me something so nice. My words died in my throat.Her clothes were worn and old because she spent her money buying me new ones. She looked so tired because she was busy working to provide for (供养) me. She didn’t wear jewelry or perfumes because she was content with spending what little money she had on me.Suddenly, mother was beautiful and extraordinarily wonderful in my eyes.I was no longer ashamed of her, but of myself.“Do you want it?”my mom repeated.“No, thanks.”Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案I used to feel ashamed of my mother because she was ordinary .But I found she was wonderful because she loved me so much .She was content with spending little on herself but was willing to spend more on me .I regretted being ashamed of her and loved her .三Skateboarding has been my life since I was 8 years old. Before I knew how to stand up, I would sit on my cousin’s old board and roll down the hills of Cáceres, my hometown in Spain.When I was at university, I heard about Skate-Aid, an organization that builds skate parks for children in disadvantaged communities (群体). I’ve always wanted to make a positive impact on the world, and if there were a way to do that through skateboarding, I would be there.I got a call in early 2019 that the next project would be in Syria. I was anxious. We flew to Lebanon (黎巴嫩) and drove from Beirut to Damascus (大马士革，叙利亚首都). We stopped at checkpoints (检查站) every few minutes. I didn’t understand Arabic, and all the men I could see were armed.Our destination was Qudsaya, a city 7 kilometers west of Damascus. Damage from the war was everywhere: roads were cracked (砸开) andbuildings were covered in holes from shooting (枪击), in which birds had built nests.We were building a skate park in an area that had been largely destroyed, except for a small structure (建筑物) where a family of five was living. They’d fled their home in the north. The mother was so welcoming, bringing us tea and coffee every morning.It took 28 days to build the park. We’d get up early and spend all day working. This was going to be Syria’s first skate park, and many people wanted to help.The kids would watch us skating down the street and were so excited. When we finished the bowl (碗池), I put them on a board one by one, and they were amazed by the feeling of rolling along. One boy was a natural (天才). He had never skated before, but within a week he was already skating well.We stayed for two months. I keep in touch with the kids, and they send me videos of the tricks they’ve learned. When we left, there were 400 children going to the park every day. I’ve been to so many countries, but Syria was special. I’ll go back as soon as I can.Summary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考范文：Skateboarding has been my life since I was a child. Though the life was not easy an safe ,I still kept on skating in the park and skated together with the children in Syria .It also brought happiness to the children there .I try my best to return t the country at times because i feel it is special ,where i can help the children there to get their laughter.四My family is still recovering from the terrible times of the past couple of years. They began when my teenaged stepson became ill. His autoimmune disease (自身免疫性疾病) led to kidney (肾) failure and an ongoing (持续的) need for treatment (治疗).As anyone who has cared for a sick child knows, the stress doesn’t go away. And there was so much stress. My husband and I were exhausted, and it was as if we forgot how to communicate –we couldn’t have a simple conversation without fighting. Our once-happy home had become tense (紧张的) and unhappy.In a rare event of communication, my stepson and I were discussing Valentine’s gifts. I recalled (回想起) that his dad gave me a kazoo (卡祖笛) for our first Valentine’s Day.My reaction to this gift was embarrassment when I, a professional saxophone (萨克斯) player, couldn’t get it to make a sound. The kazoo eventually got packed away and forgotten.But he was interested and asked to see it. After some trouble, I found it.“You couldn’t get a sound?”he asked, amazed, turning it around in his hands. “What’s so hard about it?”“I don’t know. It just never worked.”My husband grabbed (抓住) the kazoo –“It’s easy! Look, you just do this …”–and blew. Nothing happened. Surprised, he tried again. Still there was no sound.Frustrated (挫败的), he tried again, only to produce a sound like an angry bumblebee (大黄蜂) trapped in the mouth of a bear.My stepson burst into laughter.Seeing his face light up like that was wonderful. Soon, we were all laughing to the point of tears.It was as if the gloom (阴郁) had lifted, and a ray of sunshine was let in. Eyes met and souls reconnected. My stepson took a turn on the kazoo. He did no better than us. More laughing.It was the best 10 minutes of the past couple of years.The mood stayed light for the rest of the evening. Months later, we still remembered it. It didn’t solve anything. While my stepson recentlyunderwent a successful kidney transplant, his life will always have challenges.But this experience with the kazoo proved to be a turning point. It showed us that there are still things to laugh at and enjoy and that we can still connect as a family. Thanks to a simple kazoo, we remembered that we are one.1. What can we know about the author’s family from the first two paragraphs?A. They argued a lot after her stepson became ill.B. They were all optimistic about her stepson’s future.C. They didn’t have enough money to treat her stepson’s disease.D. They supported each other while taking care of her stepson.2. Why was the author embarrassed by the gift?A. She didn’t like the gift at all.B. She was not able to play it.C. She forgot where she had put it.D. She failed to get her stepson interested in it.3. What does the underlined word “lifted”probably mean?A. Deepened.B. Missed.C. Rose.D. Disappeared.4. After playing the kazoo together, the author’s family ______.A. fell in love with musicB. felt reconnected with each otherC. successfully solved the challenges they facedD. understood the meaning of gift-givingSummary writing 概要写作Please write a summary of the article in about 60 words.参考答案Our once-happy home became gloomy due to my stepson’s illness. One day, we tried to get a kazoo to make a sound. This experience was a turning point for us. We enjoyed funny moments and a happy mood. It didn’t solve anything, but we learned from it that there are still things to enjoy and that we are a family.第11 页共11 页。
高考英语一轮复习写作专题总述课件
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小组合作讨论： 高分作文应满足？
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1.完成任务，涵盖内容要点。不能漏点！！！ 2.词汇语法高级，无错。 3.层次结构衔接。 4.格式错误扣一分。 5.字迹：过于潦草，降低一个档次。
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第三档（适当）；（11-15分）
1基本完成了试题规定的任务。 2虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容。 3应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求。 4有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。 5应用简单的语句间的连接成分，使全文内容连贯。 6整体而言，基本达到了语气的写作目的。
第二档（较差）；（6-10分）
There are at least three reasons that can account for my resignation.-------------总说1
First of all, I find that the work is not as challenging as what I have expected.----------三点1
清晰，不掉档次。 特别美：所在档次的最高分。
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02写作的灵魂——变通
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03 各类型的写作模板
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三.各类型写作模板
1.辞职信 2.求职信 3.推荐信 4.建议信 5.感谢信 6.邀请信 7.万能模板 8.倡议信
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作文的核心：三段式+三点式
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1.辞职信(求职信) 第一段：亮身份+表目的 第二段：4句：总说1，三点3(万能模板：1.钱少 2.没挑战 3.没兴趣 4.升职机会渺茫) 第三段: 致歉+感谢 模板：
高三英语一轮复习概要写作(summary writing)解析
概要写作(Summary Writing)解析一、概要写作概述：浙江省2018年11月高考中首次出现了概要写作新题型。
相比传统的写作来说，该题型对考生是一个巨大的挑战，是难度较高的写作形式。
(1)任务要求：提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
所选材料体裁没有限制，以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主。
(2)考查要点：概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。
考生需要在理解文章、把握文章中心思想的基础上进行信息整合。
故该题型考查学生的综合语言运用能力，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解和书面表达的，是二者的有机结合体，是阅读理解和书面表达的沟通桥梁。
(3)评分原则：1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5．拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6．如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
(4)二、样题及分析：阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people，is a good thing. However，there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century，people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538，the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV，King of France，was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath，the king ordered that，to avoid the attack of disease，the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit（好处）of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking，cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet，it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea：clothes need to be whiter than white，cloths ever softer，surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt，however，gone too far？Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt，which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，MaryRuebush，an American immunologist（免疫学家）, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.(One possible version)Attitudes towards dirt have been changing over time. (要点1) In the 16th century, people believed that dirt on the skin helped protect against disease. (要点2) Since the 18th century, however, people have developed the belief that cleaning away dirt can prevent disease. (要点3)Today, although attitudes to dirt still differ sharply, more and more people choose to believe that playing in the dirt can help build up a strong immune. (要点4) (60 words)参考答案分析：精确地表达了文本所有4个要点，并且对文本的内容进行了归纳、提炼和整合；（2）准确地使用了相应的语法结构和词汇，例如在表达“持有某种观点”这一意思的时候，选用了三个不同的表达方法“believe”，“develop the belief”，“choose to believe”，避免了重复；（3）上下文之间用了恰当的连接词“however”，“although”等，使行文紧凑浑然一体；（4）对文中的要点运用语义转换，完全使用自己的语言来表达；例如要点1用Attitudes towards dirt have been changing代替原文第一段的第二句话there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt；要点2用protect against disease 代替block out against；要点3中用prevent disease代替is good for health；要点4用today代替nowadays，用sharply代替hugely，用more and more people choose to believe 代替gaining some ground；（5）全文60词，非常符合词数要求。
高三英语一轮复习渐进写作训练—— 概要写作
高三英语一轮复习渐进写作训练——概要写作题型解读概要写作，简言之就是对所读过的文章简要概括，写出文章的中心大意。
写概要时，读者是要把文章的具体信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的原句，更不是把细节性信息作为中心，而是要通过对文章中的单词、词组和句子进行合理转换，对文章的具体信息进行概括，再用合适的语言表述出来。
这一题型主要考查学生对文章主旨大意的概括和准确获取关键词的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
因此，概要写作是基于阅读理解的写作，是二者的有机结合体。
概要写作题型所选材料控制在350词以内；以议论文和说明文为主；所写概要词数控制在60～80之间(4～5句话)，并标注要点；所写概要要运用丰富的语法结构；注意词汇的准确性及上下文的连贯性；各要点要独立表达。
应试技巧1．读懂原文是关键。
概要写作是非常典型的读写结合的考题。
只有读得准确，写出的内容才有用。
因此在写概要之前，一定要认真阅读文章，确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构、各段的段意。
在阅读文章的时候，要善于发现核心词和高频词，这些词汇是概要写作的基础和核心。
2．以自然段为概括的基础。
以自然段为基础概括会帮助学生避免遗漏信息，也能帮助考生判断主要信息。
当然，以自然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点，有时几个自然段说明一个要点，有时一个自然段包含数个要点。
3．不要包括过于详细的信息。
细节性的信息如列举数字、举例等不必一一列出。
4．注意写作内容的独立性。
概要写作的时候，学生还要特别注意一条标准，即“对各要点表达的独立性情况”，也就是说，首先，各个要点要用独立的句子表述，其次，要使用自己的语言总结，而不能照搬文章中的句子和结构。
这对词汇的要求很高。
因此，我们平时要注意词汇的积累。
但是，要注意文章中的核心词是内容的心脏，一般不宜换成其他词。
5．使用正确的时态。
概要写作的体裁一般是说明文和议论文，因此一般的概括都要用一般时、完成时或将来时，慎用过去时。
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Hale Waihona Puke 2.把短语变为单词 Cleaning away dirt is good to health.
Cleaning away dirt benefits health.
3.使用广义词(general words)代替具体词 (specific words)
She brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek, and some textbooks.
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B. 改写
在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式 的改写，对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现 大规模的改变。
改写过程中，原则上字 数不超过原句，不改变 原文的逻辑结构，充分 考虑语句压缩。
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1. 使用近义词或反义词
study
if
To research whether such a “sixth sense”
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How to writing a good summary?
A. 定位 find out the essential information B. 改写 rewrite the information in your own
words C. 核查 check the sentences and add some
really exists, Robert Baker performed two
experiments.
carried out/ did/made
Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment as a journalist.
Zhou Yang will remember his first task as a reporter.
4. 有效使用了语句间的连接成分，使完成的概
要结构紧凑。
structure (结构)
3
right spelling, proper punctuation
all the key points grammar, vocabulary a good summary
tight and coherent(连贯) your own words about 60-80 words
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7.基本句型间灵活转换
Dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.
S+V+P
S+V+O
Dirt on the skin could protect people from getting ill.
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6. 主动句和被动句互换 Robert Baker, a psychologist at the University of Kentucky, performed two experiments.
Two experiments were carried out by a psychologist.
描写某事物的性质功用。即“对象
√ 说明文
+性质功用+利好”； 针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施。
exposition 即“问题+解决方法”；
介绍某现象及其原因和结果。即
“现象+原因+结果”
√ 议论文
论点+论据(+结论)
argumentation
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2. 消减事例 （尽量减少实事，大胆省略实事）
3. 省略细节
What is “summary”?
• A summary is a brief restatement of the essential thought of a longer composition.
概要是一篇较长文章本质思想的简洁重 述，它要求用尽量少的语言对原文的主旨 进行复述。概要不是简单的换句话说，更 不是评论，而是作者思想中最基本部分的 准确再现。
She brought home a lot of books and
magazines.
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4.消除重复
He didn’t like the city. He hated it.
He disliked the city.
5. 把直接引语的主要信息变为间接引语
The boss said to him, “ Till you’re more experienced you can cover a story.” The boss said that with more experience he could cover news.
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How to get a high mark?
《考试说明》中评分标准规定概要写 作阅卷时按5个档次给分，其中最高档次第 五档（21-25points）：
1. 理解准确，涵盖全部要点；contents (内容)
2. 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇；
3. 完全使用自己的语言；language skills (语言)
essential information
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.
conjunctions
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A.定位 通过阅读定位语篇的核心信息，包括核心单词，核心短语 和核心句子。 （句子为主，以单词和短语为辅）
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1. 确定文体 the types of the passage
types
key information
记叙文 narration
人物+时间+地点+事件（起因+发展 +结果）