2010博士生试题
2010年1月管综逻辑真题及答案解析
基于以上陈述能得出以下哪项结论？
A．小张输入的密码是错误的
B．小张的计算机不属于这个域
C．如果小张的计算机属于这个域，那么他输入的密码是错误的
D．只有小张输入的密码是正确的，它的计算机才属于这个域
E．如果小张输入的密码是正确的，那么它的计算机属于这个域
【答案】C
【解析】试题类型：逻辑推断：命题推理
（域归属正确账号正确密码正确）允许登陆
36.太阳风中的一部分带电粒子可以到达M星表面，将足够的能量传递给M星表面粒子，使后者脱离M星表面，逃逸到M星大气中。为了判定这些逃逸的粒子，科学家们通过三个实验获得了如下信息：
试验一：或者是X粒子，或者是Y粒子
试验二：或者不是Y粒子，或者不是Z粒子
试验三：如果不是Z粒子，就不是Y粒子
根据上述三个实验，以下哪项一定为真？
账号正确允许登陆Biblioteka ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
？
①（域归属正确账号正确密码正确）允许登陆
允许登陆
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
域归属正确账号正确密码正确
②域归属正确账号正确密码正确
账号正确
――――――――――――――――――――――――――
域归属正确密码正确
B.该国成品油价格根据市场供需确定，随着国际原油市场价格的上涨，该国政府为成品油生产商提供相应的补助。
昆明理工大学管理学2007--2010,2012--2014年考博真题
昆明理工大学2007年秋季入学博士生招生考试试题
考试科目代码：366考试科目名称：管理学
试题适用招生专业：管理科学与工程
考生答题须知
1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。
3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。
4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2008年秋季入学博士研究生招生入学考试试
第 1 页共11 页。
中大解剖学试题
中山大学2011年解剖考博试题5个简答，一个5分；5个问答，一个15分1、网膜囊的构成通连2、小儿气管切开的注意事项3、呼吸运动参与的肌肉及神经支配4、脊椎骨的连接及运动特点5、会阴浅隙及结构6、乳腺的结构特点淋巴回流7、胰头的毗邻和临床8、脑底动脉环的构成和血供特点9、后索的组成和与小脑性共济失调的鉴别10、动眼神经的分段及定位诊断11、男性尿道的结构，机能、临床12、膝关节的结构、临床2010中山解剖2010 中山医博士生入学考试解剖学考试一、简答题1.运动眼球的肌肉、作用和神经支配；2.中枢性和周围性面瘫临床症状有何异同？与中耳疾病相关的面瘫属于哪类？3.简述股骨不同部位错位骨折的表现；4.椎间盘的结构和功能如何？何谓“椎间盘脱出症”？5.后纵膈内有哪些器官？6.胆总管的分段和毗邻？二、论述题1.试述脊髓外伤或脊髓外肿瘤引起脊髓半边横断性损伤后出现的症状和原因？2.试述喉上神经和喉返神经的起始核团，纤维走行及其支配范围，甲状腺手术中应注意什么问题？3.试述肝门静脉的组成、属支以及其与上下腔静脉之间的交通，门静脉高压时，会出现哪些与解剖学特征相关的症状？4.与男性盆腔结构，如：前列腺、尿道球腺、精囊腺、阴茎海绵体、坐骨海绵体肌相对应的女性结构并解释；5.试述胸壁的层次、结构特点，在锁骨中线第3肋间进行胸膜腔手术，其由浅入深的层次有哪些？6.试解释下列累及臂丛损伤的每一临床描述最可能出现的神经损伤：①一位长期使用腋杖走路的病人产生腕下垂，三角肌无力和手背部感觉减弱；②一位因难产的新生儿，发现患儿爪形手，大拇指内收力减弱，手掌尺侧半和手背尺侧半感觉部分丧失；③一位村在一次斗殴中受伤，产生肩关节前脱位，前臂外侧皮肤感觉部分丧失，肱二头肌力减弱；④一位青年跳水队员，从跳台上下跳时滑了一跤，腋窝碰及跳台角，骨间背侧肌萎缩，手掌桡侧半麻痹，不能展食、中指，不能对掌2009中山解剖1．胃的淋巴，血管，韧带，神经2．腋窝的神经（分析题）3．子宫的支撑结构4．腮腺的穿过结构（简答）5．动脉导管三角（简答）6．股三角（简答）7．网膜囊（简答）8．副交感神经核及支配9．视觉传导，对光反射传导10．斜角肌间隙，及比邻结构（简答）2008中山大学博士入学考试解剖题目(专基)一、简答（任选五题，每题五分）：1、输卵管分部及各部结构特点2、视觉、听觉各级神经元位置、功能。
硕士学位
南工（2010）研字第20号关于选拔2010年度硕博连读研究生的通知各有关学院：为适应我国构建社会主义和谐社会和建设创新型国家的战略需要,加快拔尖创新人才的培养，我校决定继续推荐和选拔一批基本素质好、业务基础强、品学兼优的在学硕士研究生硕博连读，根据《南京工业大学关于选拔硕博连读研究生的规定》文件精神，现就做好2010年选拔硕博连读研究生有关事项通知如下：一、选拔对象和条件选拔对象为相关学科的在学硕士研究生。
选拔的条件必须符合教学［2009］16号教育部关于印发《2010年全国招收攻读博士学位研究生工作管理办法》的通知精神和我校《关于选拔硕博连读研究生的规定》文件中明确的基本条件。
（见附件一、附件二）二、选拔程序和时间要求1、个人填写硕博连读研究生申请表（表格见附件三），然后向博士专业所在学院提交申请，申请表交学院办公室研究生秘书。
2、学院研究生秘书对申请者成绩进行审核。
3、硕士生导师对申请者在校期间的学术潜力、能力和素质作全面的评价。
4、为利于选拔培养创新型、复合型人才，鼓励同门类学科之间相互交叉推荐，并在审核环节给予优先考虑。
5、各学院组织以博士生导师为主的综合面试小组，对申请者进行面试、打分，提出综合考核意见（具体时间和地点由各学院自定，并报研招办备案）。
6、在5月15日前，各学院将《硕博连读研究生申请表》由分管院领导签字并加盖学院公章后（包括纸质和使用word格式的电子文档）报送研招办。
考核及面试成绩（百分制）请各学院汇总后在五月底前报送研招办。
7、研究生部根据当年国家下达的博士生招生规模与普通招考情况后确定录取名单，报请校长批准，并列入博士生招生计划。
8、凡被批准、列入硕博连读招生计划的硕士生，须及时登录研究生部网页，进行网上报名，届时将由学院通知网报时间。
希望有关学院认真抓好硕博连读研究生的生源质量，宁缺毋滥，严格审查和考核，以确保我校博士研究生教育的健康发展。
附件三：2008级确定为硕博连读的免试研究生名单南京工业大学研究生部2010年4月30日(附件一)：教育部关于印发《2010年全国招收攻读博士学位研究生工作管理办法》的通知教学…2009‟号各省、自治区、直辖市教育厅（教委）、高等学校招生委员会，有关省（市）科委（科技干部局），有关部门（单位）教育司（局），解放军总政治部干部部，各博士生招生单位：现将《2010年全国招收攻读博士学位研究生工作管理办法》印发你们，请遵照执行，并就有关事项通知如下：一、高度重视博士生招生质量，重点突出拔尖创新人才选拔2010年博士生招生工作要以科学发展观为指导，围绕新时期研究生教育改革和发展面临的新任务和新要求，在相对稳定招生规模基础上，把提高博士生选拔质量作为博士生招生的重要基础工作予以高度重视，把拔尖创新人才选拔培养作为博士生招生的重中之重放在十分突出的地位予以进一步强化。
2010年北京中医药大学博士入学考试中药化学试题
2010年北京中医药大学博士入学考试中药化学试题
一、名词解释（20分）
1、萜类化合物
2、甲型强心苷类
3、鞣质
4、醇苷类
二、填空题（10分）
1、槐花中的芦丁又称为——
2、TLC检识黄酮一般首选显色剂是——
3、黄酮类成分的UV光谱（甲醇光谱）主要有两个吸收带，带I吸收波长——，是由化学
结构——引起。
4、香豆素类成分在碱性溶液中可生成——，如与碱长时间加热，则生成——。
5、槲皮素是黄酮类成分中的——类。
6、雷氏胺盐既可用于——类成分的纯化分离，也可用于——的含量测定。
7、A型人参皂苷元结构类型属于三萜类中的——类。
三、简答题（30分）
1、如何用化学法检识一中药含有羟基蒽醌类成分？
2、如何用化学法和波谱法检识二氢黄酮和异黄酮？
3、一中药中含有有机酸类可溶于乙醚，如何用离子交换法提取纯化？
4、如何用红外光谱法确定羟基蒽醌类成分是1，4-二羟基蒽醌还是1，8-二羟基蒽醌？
5、用两种方法确定葡萄糖苷是α-苷还是β-苷？
四、论述题（20分）
大多数生物碱为何具有碱性？为何碱性不同？如何利用碱性不同进行分离？
五、某中药含有游离三萜酸，植物甾醇，含糖量不同的三萜苷类，请设计提取分离的方法，
（可用流程表示），并说明原理。
（20分）。
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析
2010年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题参考答案及解析Paper OnePart Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension:1. A2. A3. B4. B5. C6. C7. C8. D9. D 10. B11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. D 19. D 20. C21. B 22. A 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. CPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31 . A 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. A 36. A 37. B 38. C 39. D 40. C41. A 42. C 43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. D 50. CPart ⅢCloze51. B 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. D 60. CPart Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension61. D 62. A 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. C71. C 72. D 73. A 74. B 75. C 76. A 77. A 78. D 79. C 80. D81. B 82. C 83. C 84. C 85. B 86. A 87. A 88. C 89. C 90. BPart Ⅱ. Vocabulary31. A 本句大意：一些黑人青年投诉说受到了警察骚扰。
选项A. 骚扰；B. 分散注意力；C. 判刑；D. 释放。
选项A符合原句意思，是正确答案。
32. D 本句大意：他迅速沉湎于他的权力。
选项A. irrigated灌溉；B. irradiated照射；C. inoculated接种过疫苗的；D. intoxicated沉湎于。
2010管理类联考综合真题(含答案)
(E）古典音乐不流行。 如果流行， 那就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了。 32. 在某次课程教学改革研讨会上， 负责工程类教学的程老师说， 在工程设计中， 用于解决数学问题的计算机程 序越来越多了， 这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解． 因此， 在未来的教学中， 基础 数学课程可以用其它重要的工程类课程代替。 以下哪项如果为真， 能削弱程老师的上述论证？ I， 工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学的内容。 II， 在工程设计中， 设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解。 田， 基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力， 这种能力对工程设计来说很关键。 (A）只有E (D）只有E和皿 (B）只有I和E (E) I、 II和III (C) I、 II和皿
2 2
A
D
c
图3
三、逻辑推理z第26-55小题，每小题2分，共60分。下列每题所给出的（A)、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项 中，只有 － 项是符合试题要求的．请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑． 26.针对威胁人类健康的甲型HlNl流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究 人员发现，阿司匹林、提苯基乙酷肢等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果， 这位研究员指出： 如果你服用 了阿司匹林或者乙酷基酌，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反映。” 如果小张住射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反映，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出 一 下哪些结论？ (A）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酷基盼。 (B）小张服没有用阿司匹林，但感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (C）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (D）小张服没有用了阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酷基醋。 (E）小张服用了乙酷基盼，但没有服用担苯基乙酷肢。 27.为了调查当前人们的识字水平，其实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大 “ 专以上。识读结果显示，多数人具读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中， 蹒 ” ” 跚 的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对，“呱呱坠地 所有人都读错，20个词语的整体误读率接近80%，该 实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。 以下哪项如果是真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？
人大考博英语(2010-2017)
历年真题2017年中国人民大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题PartⅡReading Comprehension(40%)Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D．You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Questions16to20are based on the following passage．Sometimes,over a span of many Years,a business will continue to grow,generating ever-increasing amounts of cash,repurchasing stock,paying increased dividends,reducing debt, opening new stores,expanding production facilities,moving into new markets,etc.,while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant(or even falls)．When this happens,the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range．Take,for example,Wal-Mart.Over the past five years,the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over80％,profits by over100％,and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30％during that timeframe.Clearly,the valuation picture has changed.An investor that read the annual report back in2000or2001might have passed on the security,deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio.Today,however,the equation is completely different--despite the stock price,WalMart is,in essence,trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend,twice the earnings power, more stores,and a bigger infrastructure.Home Depot is in much the same boat,largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world's largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy．Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon.Ten years ago,in1996, the stock traded between a range of$36．10and$54．30per share.At the time,it had reported earnings per share of$1．40and paid a cash dividend of$0．50per share.Corporate per share book value was$2．48．Last year,the stock traded within a range of$40．30 and$45．30per share;squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior!Yet,despite the stagnant stock price,the2006estimates Value Line Investment Survey estimates for earnings per share standaround$2．16(a rise of54％),the cash dividend has more than doubled to$1．20, book value is expected to have grown to$7．40per share(a gain of nearly300％),and the total number of shares outstanding(未偿付的，未完成的)has actually decreased from2．481 billion to an estimated2．355billion due to the company's share repurchase program．16．This passage is probably a part of______．A．Find Hidden Value in the Market B．Become RicherC．Get Good Bargains D．Identify Good Companies17．The italicized word“stagnant”(line4,Para.1)can be best paraphrased as______．A．prominent B．terrible C．unchanged D．progressing18．Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price becauseA．it has stored a large quantity of goodsB．it has become financially more powerfulC．it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcyD．it is a good way to compete with other retailing companies19．All the following are shared by Wal-Mart and Coco-Cola EXCEPT______．A．the cash dividend has increasedB．the earning power has become strongerC．both businesses have continued to growD．the stock price has greatly decreased20．According to the author,one had better______．A．buy more shares when the stock price falls downB．sell out the shares when the stock price falls downC．do some research on the value.of a business when its stock price falls downD．invest in the business when its stock price fails downQuestions21to25are based on the following passage．Today's college students are more narcissistic(自恋的)and self-centered than their predecessors,according to a comprehensive new study by five psychologists who worry that the trend could be harmful to personal relationships and American society．“We need to stop endlessly repeating'You're special'and having children repeat that back,”said the study's lead author,Professor Jean Twenge of San Diego State University.“Kids are self-centered enough already.”“Unfortunately,narcissism can also have very negative consequences for society,including the breakdown of close relationships with others,”he said.The study asserts that narcissists“are more likely to have romantic relationships that are short-lived,at risk for infidelity,lack emotional warmth,and to exhibit game-playing, dishonesty,and over-controlling and violent behaviors”.Twenge,the author of“Generation Me：Why Today's Young Americans Are More Confident,Assertive,Entitled--and More Miserable Than Ever Before”,said narcissists tend to lack empathy,react aggressively to criticism and favor self-promotion over helping others．Some analysts have commended today's young people for increased commitment to volunteer work.But Twenge viewed even this phenomenon skeptically,noting that many high schools require community service and many youths feel pressure to list such endeavors on college applications．Campbell said the narcissism upsurge seemed so pronounced(非常明显的)that he was unsure if there were obvious remedies.“Permissiveness seems to be a component,”he said.“A potential antidote would be more authoritative parenting.Less indulgence might be called for.”Yet students,while acknowledging some legitimacy to such findings,don't necessarily accept negative generalizations about their generation．Hanady Kader,a University of Washington senior,said she worked unpaid last summer helping resettle refugees and considers many of her peers to be civic-minded.But she is dismayed(气馁；心,)by the competitiveness of some students who seem prematurely focused on career status.“We're encouraged a lot to be individuals and go out there and do what you want,and nobody should stand in your way,”Kader said.“I can see goals and ambitions getting in the way of other things like relationships.”Kari Dalane,a University of Vermont sophomore,says most of her contemporaries are politically active and not overly self-centered.“People are worried about themselves--but in the sense of where are they're going to find a place in the world,”she said.“People want to look their best,have a good time,but it doesn't mean they're not concerned about the rest of the world.”Besides,some of the responses on the narcissism test might not be worrisome,Dalane said.“It would be more depressing if people answered,'No,I'm not special.'”21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may21．According to the passage,a narcissistic person may______．A．hate criticism B．be dishonest to his/her partnerC．be unwilling to help others D．All the above．22．The italicized word“commended”(line1,Para.3)means______．A．praised B．criticized C．recommended D．disfavored23．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A．Narcissism may result in bad consequences．B．College students are active to participate in volunteer work．C．Some people doubt whether there are remedies to counter the narcissism upsurge．D．Some college students are overly engaged in self-promotion．24．It is implied that______．A．both the researchers and college students are worried about the trend of narcissism B．the researchers and college students disagree on the findings of the studyC．the researchers and college students disagree on some of the findings of the study D．college students are pessimistic about their future25．It is proper to be when you hear someone say“I'm special”．A．objective B．pessimistic C．optimistic D．worriedQuestions26to30are based on the following passage．The House is expected to pass a piece of legislation Thursday that seeks to significantly rebalance the playing field for unions and employers and could possibly reverse decades of declining membership among private industries．The Employee Free Choice Act would allow a union to be recognized after collecting a majority of vote cards,instead of waiting for the National Labor Relations Board to oversee a secret ballot election,which can occur more than50days after the card vote is completed．Representatives of business on Capitol Hill oppose the bill.The National Association of Manufacturers,The National Federation of Independent Business,the U.S.Chamber of Commerce and other business groups oppose the shift away from secret ballots saying the change could threaten the privacy of the workers.“This isn't about preventing increased unionization, it's about protecting rights”,said the National Association of Manufacturer's Jason Straczewski, of his organization's opposition to bill.Straczewski says eliminating the secret-ballot step would open up employees to coercion(旨迫,胁迫)from unions．Samuel of the AFL-CIO contends the real coercion comes from employers.“Workers talking to workers are equals while managers talking to workers aren't,”Samuel said.He cites the31,358cases of illegal employer discrimination acted on by the National Labor Relations Board in2005．Samuel also points out that counter to claims from the business lobby,the secret ballot would not be eliminated.The change would only take the control of the timing of the election out of the hands of the employers.“On the ground,the difference between having this legislation and not would be the difference between night and day,”said Richard Shaw of the Harris County Central Labor Council,who says it would have a tremendous impact on the local level．The bill has other provisions(规定，条款)as well.The Employee Free Choice Act would also impose binding arbitration(促裁)when a company and a newly formed union cannot agree on a con-tract after3months.An agreement worked out under binding compulsory arbitration would be in effect for2years,a fact that Straczewski calls,“borderline unconstitutional”.“I don't see how it will benefit employees if they're locked into a contract,”said Straczewski．The bill's proponents point to the trend of recognized unions unable to get contracts from unwilling employers.The Federal Mediation and Conciliation Service,the organization that oversees arbitration,reported that in2004,45percent of newly formed unions were deniedfirst contracts by employers.The bill would also strengthen the penalties for companies that illegally coerce or intimidate employees.As it stands,the law on the books hasn't changed substantially since the National Labor Relations Act was made into law in1935．The NLBR can enforce no other penalty than reinstating wrongfully fired employees or recovering lost wages．26．Which of the following statements best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A．House bill aims to spur labor union growth．B．House bill aims to counter labor union growth．C．Employee Free Choice Act aims to spur employment．D．Employee Free Choice Act aims to raise employees'income．27．According to its opponents,the bill______．A．will protect employees'rightsB．will benefit workers by binding contractsC．will empower unions too muchD．makes it possible for employees to yield to coercion from unions28．The word“it”(line5,Para.5)refers to______．A．the change B．the legislationC．the AFL-CIO D．the difference29．People support the bill because of the following reasons EXCEPTA．the bill will probably enable unions to have fewer members of private industries B．the bill will allow a union to be recognized earlier and have a great effect on the local levelC．binding arbitration will be imposed to protect employees if a contract can't be agreed on betweena recently established union and a companyD．the bill will strengthen the punishment for companies which illegally coerce or threaten employ ees30．It is implied that______．A．fewer private industries joined unions in the pastB．workers'coercion often comes from unionsC．the bill will be a win-and-win one for employees and employersD．punishment authorized by the bill will be lighterQuestions31to35are based on the following passage．Some African Americans have had a profound impact on American society,changing many people's views on race,history and politics.The following is a sampling of African Americans who have shaped society and the world with their spirit and their ideals．Muhammad AllCassius Marcellus Clay grew up a devout Baptist in Louisville,Kentucky,learning to fight at age12after a police officer suggested he learn to defend himself.Six years later, he was an Olympic boxing champion,going on to win three world heavyweight titles.He became known as much for his swagger(趾高气扬)outside the ring as his movement in it, converting to Islam in1965,changing his name to Muhammad Ali and refusing to join the U.S.Army on religious grounds.Ali remained popular after his athletic career ended and he developed Parkinson's disease,even lighting the Olympic torch at the1996Atlanta Olympics and conveying the peaceful virtues of Islam following the September11terrorist attacks．W.E．B．Du Bois(William Edward Burghardt Du Bois)Born in1868,this Massachusetts native was one of the most prominent,prolific intellectuals of his time.An academic,activist and historian,Du Bois co-founded the National Associationfor the Advancement of Colored People(NAACP),edited“The Crisis”magazine and wrote 17books,four journals and many other scholarly articles.In perhaps his most famous work,“The Souls of Black Folk”,published in1903,he predicted“the problem of20th century [would be］the problem of the colorline”．Martin Luther King Jr．The Rev.Martin Luther King Jr.is considered one of the most powerful and popular leaders of the American civil rights movement.He spearheaded(带头；作先锋)a massive, nonviolent initiative of marches,sit-ins,boycotts and demonstrations that profoundly affect-ed Americans'attitudes toward race relations.He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in1964．Malcolm XBlack leader Malcolm X spoke out about the concepts of race pride and black nationalism in the early1960s.He denounced the exploitation of black people by whites and developed a large and dedicated following,which continued even after his death in1965．Interest in the leader surged again after Spike Lee's1992movie“Malcolm X”was released．Jackie RobinsonIn1947,Jackie Robinson broke the color barrier by joining the Brooklyn Dodgers, becoming the first black baseball player in the U.S.major leagues.After retirement from baseball in1957,he remained active in civil rights and youth activities.In1962,he became the first African-American to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame．31．Which of the following is NOT true about Muhammad Ali?A．He never served in the army．B．He learned to fight at an early age．C．His popularity decreased after his retirement from boxing．D．He loves peace．32．The italicized word“prolific”(line2,Para.3)is synonymous to______．A．smart B．skilled C．productive D．pioneering33．According to the passage,which of the following statements is NOT true?A．W.E．B．Du Bois was engaged in the cause of promoting the status of colored people．B．Jackie Robinson was denied by U.S.major baseball leagues throughout his life．C．Martin Luther King Jr.was highly awarded for his contributions to the civil rights movements．D．Malcolm X directly or indirectly inspired interest in leadership even after his death．34．What is common among the celebrities mentioned in the passage?A．Each achieved enormous success in his/her field and was highly recognized．B．Each was devoted to his/her cause but didn't win recognition until death．C．All were active and famous in several fields in their lifetime．D．All loved peace and remained active in civil rights activities．35．Which of the following can be a title of the passage?A．Life of Famous African AmericansB．Influence of Famous African AmericansC．Political Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsD．Cultural Pioneers:Icons and intellectualsPartⅢVocabulary(10％)Directions:There are20incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．Choose the best one that completes the sentence or is nearest in meaning with the underlined word.And then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center．36．The building collapsed because its foundation was not strong enough to______the weightof the building．A．subside B．idealize C．initiate D．sustain37．The actress was very______at the insulting question raised by her opponent at the conference．A．extraterrestrial B．explicit C．indignant D．innovative38．It is known to all that children in this region have strong______to swimming in summer because of the hot weather．A．inclination B．exposure C．flux D．correlation39．The torch was______by a famous athlete at the opening of the sport meeting．A．implement B．deceive C．exemplify D．ignited40．These samples have to be______in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them．A．immersed B．crisped C．armored D．arrayed41．Her talk at the seminar clearly______from the topic the supervisor expected in the field of sociology．A．alternated B．amplified C．designated D．diverged42．Three years______before he returned home from the United States．A．denoted B．destined C．elapsed D．enveloped43．A______plan needs to be considered and accepted so as to lower the prices in these cities．A．deliberate B．disincentive C．functional D．fantastic44．Sometimes in drawing and designing,the sign X______the unknown number．A．facilitates B．fascinates C．denotes D．jots45．The speaker was very much______by rude words and behavior of the audience in the hall．A．jerked B．incensed C．laced D．limped46．The two countries have developed a______relation and increased a great deal in foreign trade．A．managerial B．lethal C．metric D．cordial47．The doctor's______was that she should go and see the specialist in this field．A．constraint B．counsel C．coherence D．consciousness48．The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its______declaration in1970that oceans were the heritage of mankind．A．unanimous B．abstract C．autonomous D．almighty49．They need to move to new and large apartments.Do you know of any______ones in this area?A．evacuated B．empty C．vacant D．vacate50．The bad and damp weather in the hot area would enable the plants to get______quickly．A．decomposed B．denounced C．detached D．deduced51．The government decided to take a(n)______action to strengthen the market management．A．diverse B．durable C．epidemic D．drastic52．The local residents were unhappy about the curfew in this region and decided to______it．A．disgrace B．disguise C．defy D．distress53．They admitted that they shared the same______on the matter．A．potentiality B．sentiment C．Postscript D．subscription54．We cannot be______with him due to his misbehavior at the meeting yesterday．A．pecked B．reconciled C．perturbed D．presumed55．Bad traveling conditions had seriously their progress to their destination in that region．A．tugged B．demolished C．hampered D．destroyedPartⅣCloze(10%)Directions:There are20blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．Sea rise as a consequence of global warming would immediately threaten that large fraction of the globe living at sea level.Nearly one-third of all human beings live within36miles of a coastline.Most of the world's great seaport cities would be56:New Orleans, Amsterdam,Shanghai,and Cairo.Some countries--Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, islands in the Pacific--would be inundated.Heavily populated coastal areas such as in Bangladesh and Egypt,57large populations occupy lowlying areas,would suffer extreme 58．Warmer oceans would spawn stronger hurricanes and typhoons,59in coastal flooding, possibly swamping valuable agricultural lands around the world.60water quality may result as61flooding which forces salt water into coastal irrigation and drinking water supplies, and irreplaceable,natural62could be flooded with ocean water,destroying forever many of the63plant and animal species living there．Food supplies and forests would be64affected.Changes in rainfall patterns would disrupt agriculture.Warmer temperatures would65grain-growing regions pole-wards.The warming would also increase and change the pest plants,such as weeds and the insects66 the crops．Human health would also be affected.Warming could67tropical climate bringing with it yellow fever,malaria,and other diseases.Heat stress and heat mortality could rise.The harmful68of localized urban air pollution would very likely be more serious in warmer 69There will be some70from warming.New sea-lanes will open in the Arctic,longer growing seasons further north will71new agricultural lands,and warmer temperature will make some of today'scolder regions more72But these benefits will be in individual areas.The natural systems --both plant and animal--will be less able than man to cope and73Any change of temperature,rainfall,and sea level of the magnitude now74will be destructive to natural systems and living things and hence to man as well．The list of possible consequences of global warming suggests very clearly that we must do everything we can now to understand its causes and effects and to take all measures possible to prevent and adapt to potential and inevitable disruptions75by global warming．56．A．ascended B．assaulted C．erased D．endangered 57．A．which B．where C．when D．what' 58．A．dislocation B．discontent C．distribution D．distinction 59．A．rebuking B．rambling C．resulting D．rallying 60．A．Increased B．Reduced C．Expanded D．Saddened 61．A．inland B．coastal C．urban D．suburban 62．A．dry-land B．mountain C．wetlands D．forest 63．A．unique B．precious C．interesting D．exciting 64．A．geologically B．adversely C．secretively D．serially 65．A．shift B．generate C．grease D．fuse66．A．hiking B．hugging C．attacking D．activating 67．A．endanger B．accommodate C．adhere D．enlarge68．A．profits B．values C．effects D．interests 69．A．conditions B．accommodation C．surroundings D．evolution 70．A．adjustments B．benefits C．adoptions D．profits 71．A．alternate B．abuse C．advocate D．create72．A．accidental B．habitable C．anniversary D．ambient 73．A．adapt B．alleviate C．agitate D．assert74．A．ascertained B．conformed C．consoled D．anticipated 75．A．tutored B．relayed C．triggered D．reflected PartⅤTranslation from English into Chinese(10%) Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese,and then write it on the ANSWER SHEET．Understanding this transition requires a look at the two-sided connection between energy and human well-being.Energy contributes positively to well-being by providing such consumer services as heating and lighting as well as serving as a necessary input to economic production. But the costs of energy—including not only the money and other resources devoted to obtaining and exploiting it,but also environmental and sociopolitical impacts—detract from well-being．For most of human history,the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefitside of the energy-well-being equation.Inadequacy of energy resources or more often of the technologies and organizations for harvesting,converting,and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits and hence inconvenience,deprivation and constraints on growth.The1970's,then,represented a turning point.After decades of constancy or decline in monetary costs—and of relegation of environmental and sociopolitical costs to secondary status—energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects.It began to be probable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on insufficient supply.It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits．PartⅥWritingDirections:You are asked to write in no less than200words about the title of“Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China”.You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET．目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。
北京大学、人民大学、武汉大学、北京师范大学刑法专业考博历年试题
2008北大刑法学博士生考试试题：中国刑法和外国刑法卷1、论法益的概念及其在刑法学体系中的作用。
2、论罪刑法定原则和刑法机能的关系。
3、许霆案件的法理学分析。
犯罪学和监狱学卷1、试论古典犯罪学和实证主义犯罪学的异同。
2、试论赫希的社会约束理论。
3、试论我国监狱分类制度及其完善。
2008年北京师范大学刑法学博士研究生考试试题中国刑法1、评析单位犯罪2、试论中国刑罚制度的完善3、论非国家工作人员受贿罪外国刑法1、大陆刑法的责任学说2、保安处分的含义与适用原则3、英美刑法中的非预谋杀人罪2007年北京师范大学刑法学博士研究生考试试题外国刑法1、试比较大陆法系与英美法系的犯罪论体系。
2、试论大陆法系刑法理论中的共同正犯。
3、试论英美刑法中强奸罪的概念和特征。
中国刑法1、试评97刑法颁行以来我国刑法立法发展的特点。
2、论酌定情节与死刑的限制适用。
3、论“雇凶杀人”案件的刑事责任。
中国人民大学法学院刑法专业历年考博试题中国刑法1、刑事违法性与犯罪构成的关系2、论量刑的酌情情节3、比较洗钱罪与掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪外国刑法1、大陆法系刑罚权理论评析2、论英美刑法中的犯意3、论大陆法系刑法中的共同正犯中国刑法92：人身危险性与社会危害性的关系及在定罪量刑中的意义身份犯和非身份犯共同犯罪的定罪关系分别论述在与受贿罪有联系的行为中应定一罪与数罪的情形91：试论定罪要解决的基本问题我国刑罚种类的完善国家工作人员利用职务上的便利敲诈勒索的定罪。
90：从宏观上简论我国刑法的完善问题刑事责任与刑罚的关系贪污受贿罪中的“利用职务上的便利”89：刑法为建立社会主义商品经济新秩序服务刑罚个别化贪污罪主体的范围问题。
1994．修改刑法的必要性违法性认识对认定故意犯罪的意义中外合资企业贪污罪主体的认定与理由1995．刑法在市场经济中的地位与作用刑法分则“致人死亡”及其罪过形式1996．刑法修订的指导思想刑罚个别化原则在量刑与行刑中的体现侵占罪1997．犯罪构成要件体系的学术分歧刑罚改革的基本思路受贿罪与商业受贿罪的主体界限1998．刑法司法解释如何贯彻罪刑法定原则新刑法对共同犯罪的修改新刑法分则体现的基本精神1999．犯罪客体论争死刑的理性分析与我国对死刑的适用分则体系的利弊得失2000．罪过与违法性认识的关系试论我国刑法中死缓制度的理论基础与适用评析国家工作人员范围的理论争议2001：刑法面前人人平等原则及其与刑罚个别化的关系当代刑法的价值；事后受贿学术争议之评析；2002：黑社会性质组织的特征及其与犯罪集团的关系刑法修正案（三）述评受贿罪共犯与介绍贿赂罪的界限2003：试论中国刑法与国际刑法的关系问题（40分）评析我国刑法中的假释制度（30分）评述合同诈骗罪的主观要件的争议与司法认定（30分）2004：试论刑法立法解释的意义与原则。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】 D【解析】上文提到“，was declared a global epidemic,”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选 D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是 C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】 C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和 a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而 C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在,,之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而 A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】 B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain,对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应 a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
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三、 仔细观察如下照片。你看到了谁？你看到了谁的条件是什么？ 原因是什么？你认为这种照片是如何做成的？这项技术有什么用 途？从这张照片你得到了什么哲理信器件技术等方面综合分析目前的
光通信系统选择 1550nm 工作波长窗口的原因。光纤通信系统扩容的 技术途径有哪些？每条途径着重要解决的关键科学技术问题是什 么？
2010 级博士生《光通信新技术与光网络》
期末考试试题
学号： 姓名： 得分：
开卷考试，但要求独立完成。诚实和诚信至关重要！如有雷同，即使 答案完全正确，也可能得零分！ 一、 谈谈对非线性、非线性世界、非线性科学、非线性光学、非线
性光纤光学的理解和认识。解释光纤非线性效应产生的原因，阐述非 线性效应在光纤通信中的正面作用和负面影响。
五、 关 于 光 脉 冲 在 光 纤 中 传 输 的 非 线 性 Schrodinger 方 程 。 从 Maxwell 方程组到非线性 Schrodinger 方程的推导过程，其中作了哪 些假设和近似？这些假设和近似成立的条件及其物理意义分别是什 么？
六、 非线性 Schrodinger 方程的数值求解算法如下：
A ˆ N ˆ A D z 2 3 ˆ i 2 3 D 2 T 2 6 T 3 2 2 2 A i 2 ˆ N i A A A TR A T T 0
z z z z ˆ F A z , t ˆ F 1 exp ˆ F exp A z z , t F 1 exp D Ndz D 2 2 z (1) (2) (3)
(4)
请详述上述算法的(1)-(4)步的具体实现过程。
七、
什么叫孤立波？什么叫孤子？孤子有哪些外在形式和内在禀
性？从这些外在形式和内在禀性，你再发挥想象、拓宽视野，说说你 在人世间发现的 “孤子” 现象。 最后简述光孤子及其形成的物理机制， 展望光孤子在通信中的应用前景及需要解决的根本性问题。
二、
如何理解网络和光网络？网络的体系结构和演进方式对你的
生活、学习、科研等有什么启发。 请想象一下把知识放在人脑与放在电脑或电脑组成的网络有什 么异同，进而请论述“读研不是为了学知识，而是为了拓展开放性思 维”这一论点。 所谓创新，就是建立不同对象之间的关联；越是能把风马牛不相 及的对象关联到一起，就越创新。过去几十年，很多学术发展的突破 点，往往在交叉学科和边缘学科。请你用网络理论和观点谈谈对这些 现象的认识。