明祖陵英文导游词(中英对照翻译)
定陵
导游词：明十三陵3英文(仅供参考)题三：定陵(明神宗朱翊钧;朱翊钧的皇后;定陵考古发掘的过程;定陵地宫布局及陈设;金井;定陵出土文物)Dingling is the tomb of the 13th emperor of the Ming dynasty zhuyijun and his two empresses. Zhuyijun died in 1620 at the age of 58. When he was 6 years old, he was chosen to the crown prince and ascended the throne at the age of 10. He ruled china for 48 years, the longest ruling period of all of the 16 emperors in the Ming dynasty. The only contribution this emperor made was to support Korea against Japanese aggressors, and finally the Japanese aggressors were driven out of Korea.In 1620, when emperor zhuyijun died, he was buried together with his two wives, empress xiaoduan and xiaojing. The first wife Empress Xiaoduan had no son, she died only several months before his death and she was entitled to share the tomb with the emperor. The second wife Empress Xiaojing, who gave birth to a son of the emperor died in 1612, eight years before the emperor’s death and was buried only as an imperial concubine in a nearby tomb. However, the son of the second wife succeeded the throne but died within a month after his succession. He left the throne to his son. After the grandson became the emperor, he decided to promote his grandmother to the rank Empress Dowager so that she could share the To mb with Emperor Wanli. That’s why Emperor Wanli shared his tomb with two wives.Ding ling is the only one of the 13 ming tombs excavated so far. In 1955, a decision was made by the Chinese government to open the ming tombs. According to the original plan, the tomb of chang ling should be first excavated. However, because of the lack of experience, adecision was made to open up a smaller one first. In 1956, an archaeological team found some decayed bricks at the surrounding wall out side the soul tower showing that there had been an archway. It was believed that the tomb tunnel to the underground palace. Later, traces of words like, “the gate of leading tunnel” were found on the wall. That was the starting point, and then the archaeological workers began to dig the first exploration trench. Two months later, they found a narrow brick wall tunnel. From here, they dug another tunnel. After they opened the second tunnel, a stone tablet was uncovered the second tunnel, an inscription with the words: from this stone 160 feet further and 35 feet to the diamond wall, it indicated the sealing wall of the underground palace. So they got a very important clue from this stone for the further excavation of the underground tomb. Then they found a third tunnel and finally found the diamond wall, the entrance of the underground palace. The excavation work was completed in 1958.The under ground palace is 27 meters deep. It consists of 5 chambers: the antechamber, the central chamber, the rear chamber and two annex chambers.The rear chamber is the main chamber and the largest one in the underground palace. There is a coffin-platform in the center with 3coffins placed on it. The middle one is the coffin of emperor wanli. The coffin of his first wife is on the left and the one of his second wife is on the right. There are also 26 red wooden boxes, containing the precious funeral objects, placed on thecoffin-platform on both sides of the three coffins. Each coffin is surrounded by some large pieces of uncut jade stone because the ancient people believed that jade could preserve the dead body and prevent decay. A square hole, in the center of the coffin-platform is called gold-well. It was fiiled with yellow clay just to show the sacred connection between the coffin and the earth.To bury the dead at the gold-well and among jade pieces was considered the highest burial inancient China; so it’s called golden well and jade burial. Unfortunately, the original three coffins and the wooden boxes have already decayed, so the present ones are all reproductions.In the middle chamber there are three marble thrones placed inside for emperor wanli and his two empresses. Originally, the three marble thrones were placed in a triangular pattern, but now they are placed in the same middle line. In front of each throne is placed a set of five glazed pottery altarpieces, consisting of an incense burner in the middle, two candlesticks and two beakers on both sides. In front of each set of five glazed pottery altarpieces, there is ablue-and-white porcelain jar with clouds and dragon designs it is called “ever lasting lamp”.The left and right annex chambers are the same in size and in pattern. Each contains acoffin-platform with a gold-well in the middle, but without any coffin on it.Now, dingling is a museum with the underground palace and two expedition rooms. Totally there are more than 3000pieces of precious objects from dingling. The most famous are: gold crown, phoenix crown, gold ingots and silver ingots and funeral objects and wooden figurines.。
南京明孝陵导游词英文
南京明孝陵导游词英文篇二:南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 2003, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor” for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his familymembers died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out to beg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals。
2013年导游资格考试英语导游词：XiaoLingTombofTheMingDynasty1
Xiaoling Tomb, or the tomb of filial piety, built 600 years ago, is the mausoleum of Zhu Yuan zhang , the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Lying at the southern foot of the Purple Mountain ,the tomb¡¡complex is one of the largest ancient mausoleums of the emperors in china.Zhu Yuanzhang began to have his tomb built in 1381 when his wife Empress Ma died. The empress was buried in the tomb in 1383.But Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang died in 1398 and was buried here in the same year. But the construction of the mausoleum lasted 38 years or more till 1431 when ¡®the Stele if Sacred Neruts and Virtues of Great Ming¡¯ Filial Tomb¡¯ was erected.The mausoleum consists of two major sections. The first section is from the Gateway of Dismounting Horse to the Lingxing Gate at the end of Sacred Way(tomb avenue), of which the approach is 1800 meters long. The second part is the tomb itself. Historical records indicate the mausoleum had a grand red wall, 22.5 kilometers long, enclosing the whole tomb area. The tomb compel was very large with many splendid buildings. 100000 pines were planted and 1000 deer rose in the park of mausoleum. Unfortunately, this large group of buildings was ruined by the wars in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the war in which by the Qing Dynasty army. All the wooden structures were destroyed. However we can still see the exquisite stone carvings from the stone bases and imagine how magnificent it looked like 600 years ago.The tomb gate known as grand golden gate was a traditional architecture and connected with the red wall. The gateway of Dismounting Horse locates about 750 meters south from here. This shows the absolute dignity of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang at that time. To the east of the gateway, there are two tablets: the holy Mountain Tablet and the Tablet of Mountain Forbidden Regulations decreeing the entrance of the ordinary people into the holy area was to be severely punished. The royal court dispatched troops here to atand as guards at the mausoleum in the years. That is why the site has been called Xiaolingwei meaning the Town of Filial guard.Northwards from the great golden gate, a huge roofless stone tablet pavilion can be seen ,it is the Square Castle, as local people call it . Its top is gone but the surrounding walls and four archways still remain. In the middle of the building ,there stands and 8.78 meters high stele called :The Stele of Sacred Merits and Virtues of Great Ming¡¯s Filial Tomb. It was built in 1413 by the third emperor ,Zhu yuanzhang ¡®s fourth son. The stele is inscribed altogether with 2746 Chinese characters in praise of the merits and virtues of Emperor Zhu yuanzhang .The sacred way is lined on both sides with 12 pairs of giant stone animals in 6 kinds. For each kind of the animals, there are one pair standingand the other kneeling. The standing pair is working and the kneeling resting and they are on duty alternately. The real purpose of building these animals is to demonstrate the royal magnificence and the emperor¡¯s dignity, to drive away evil spirits and guard the tomb. The first 2 pairs of animals are lions, king of the beasts symbolizing power. The second 2 pairs of animals are called Bixie, a unicorn-shaped mythical animal, said to e clever and capable of distinguishing between good and evil. The following pairs of animals include camels, elephants, Kylins or Chinese unicorns and horses. The camel is known as boat in the desert and symbol of prosperity. Each elephant , which is the largest and heaviest sculpture, weighs 80 tons and symbolizes peace. The kylin represents good luck as well as horse loyalty.。
明十三陵明显陵(英文版)
History
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8th 明孝宗－弘治皇帝－朱佑樘
9th 明武宗－正德皇帝－朱厚照 靖皇帝－朱厚骢
• The host of tomb, Zhu Youyuan was the fourth son of Chenghua emperor and raised to Xingxian seignior in 1487.He died in 1519 and was buried on Songlin mountain, the later Chunde mountain. • Three years later, his son succeeded to the throne, known as JIajing emperor and at the same year he bestows an honorific posthumous title, Xingxian emperor on his father. Simultaneously, he turned the mausoleum into the formation of an emperor.
?itoccupiesanareaof18313hectaresandhasaperimeterof3600metersinallanditconsistsofmorethan30splendidarchitecturalcomplexesaroundmountainsandrivers明世宗嘉靖皇帝朱厚骢history?9th明武宗正德皇帝朱厚照8th明孝宗弘治皇帝朱佑樘10th明世宗嘉靖皇帝朱厚骢7th明宪宗成化皇帝朱见深?thehostoftombzhuyouyuanwasthefourthsonofchenghuaemperorandraisedtoxingxianseigniorin1487hediedin1519andwasburiedonsonglinmountainthelaterchundemountain
南京明孝陵英语作文
南京明孝陵英语作文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is a UNESCO World Heritage site located in Nanjing, China. This imperial tomb complex is the final resting place of the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, and his Empress Ma in the Ming Dynasty, which is surrounded by natural beauty and historical significance. 明孝陵是位于中国南京的联合国教科文组织世界遗产，这个帝王陵墓复杂是明朝第一位皇帝朱元璋和他的皇后的最后安息之地,其环绕自然之美和历史意义使它非常有名。
The mausoleum complex is known for its beautiful architecture, intricate carvings, and serene atmosphere, which attract thousands of visitors each year. Its grandeur and historical importance make it an important cultural and historical landmark, reflecting the grandeur and elegance of the Ming Dynasty. 这座陵墓复杂以其美丽的建筑、精美的雕刻和宁静的氛围而闻名,每年吸引了成千上万的游客,其庄严和历史重要性使它成为一个重要的文化历史标志,反映了明朝的宏伟和优雅。
From an architectural perspective, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum exemplifies the traditional Chinese architectural style, showcasingintricate and magnificent structures such as the Sacred Way, the Elephant Road, and the main tomb structure. These architectural marvels not only reflect the artistic achievements of the time but also serve as a testament to the grandeur and power of the Ming Dynasty. 从建筑的角度看，明孝陵展示了传统的中国建筑风格,包括神道、大象路和主墓建筑等复杂而宏伟的建筑结构,这些建筑奇迹不仅反映了当时的艺术成就,而且也见证了明朝的宏伟和力量。
南京明孝陵英文导游词
( 英文导游词)姓名：____________________单位：____________________日期：____________________编号：YB-BH-028119南京明孝陵英文导游词English tour guide to Nanjing Ming Xiaoling南京明孝陵英文导游词南京明孝陵导游词英文Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty and the queen Zhu Yuanjin Ma burial tomb, which is located in the southern foot of the purple mountain long Fu play in Mount Everest, Nanjing is the largest and one of the best preserved imperial tombs.So far more than 600 years of history.The emperors in ancient China chose the site of the mausoleum very carefully, and paid special attention to choosing the land of "Ji Di", that is, the place of geomantic omen.Every time I go out the site, in addition to sending one or two court officials, but also absorb the knowledge of geography, will see the alchemist in Feng shui.After selecting the mausoleum, the emperor had to examine the scene himself and was satisfied with it and was finally finalized.Soon after Zhu Yuanzhang ascended the throne, he was concerned about the "paradise" after his death, and began to plan the construction of the mausoleum.It is said that he has called Liu Bowen, Xu Da, Tang He, and other ministers todiscuss site selection.Five people agreed to write their respective best burial sites on paper and then open them at the same time.The results are written, Great minds think alike., Dulong Fu Mount Everest ".So the site of the tomb of Zhu Yuanjin was thus fixed.Dulong Fu is a hill located beneath the Zijin Mountain peak, 150 meters high, about 400 meters in diameter, is like a huge natural grave.Chinese feudal emperor often put themselves as sons of the heaven, to build the tomb in Dulong Fu, is in line with the requirements of the feudal superstition.Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum Yu Wu nine years (1376) began to build, build competent mausoleum engineering enterprises is "Dudu Fu Li xin.At that time, a large number of migrant workers were employed, and dozens of temples were left behind by their predecessors.Since the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, Buddhism has been widely spread in China. The emperor of Wu even regards Buddhism as a national religion, so the temples in Nanjing are numerous.In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were more than 300 Buddhist temples, nearly 500 in the Southern Dynasties, and 100 thousand monks.His poetry in the Tang Dynasty: "in the four hundred and eighty temple, how many loutai yanyu."It was the portrayal of the flourishing Buddhist temples in Nanjing.In addition to moving to the temple, even moved a lot of previous tombs.But when moving to the Three Kingdoms, the tomb of Sun Quan (now on Mount Mei Shan in Nanjing), Zhu Yuanjin said, "SunQuan is a true man, keeping him as a gatekeeper."."It was not removed.Hongwu fifteen years (1382), the first phase of the project completed, coincided with the empress Ma's death, Zhu Yuanjin held a grand funeral for her, and the coffin burial tomb, called her "Xiaoci Queen", which is also the name of the tomb.In 1383, the main project of the tomb built hall.In 1392, the crown prince ZhuBiao died and was buried in the tomb of the East, called dongling.Hongwu thirty-one years (1398) built "Ming Tomb magic holiness monument", the construction of the mausoleum engineering ended, the project took 23 years.Before the death of Zhu Yuanjin, had left a testament; "funeral to frugality, no Jin, change because of the tomb and the world, three subjects are released, as marriage."This is obviously Zhu Yuanzhang's trick of buying people's hearts.The whole Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum building, Xiaolingwei East, South to West Fang Weigang dismount, the walls of the city, north of Longgang only halfway up the mountain, a radius of more than 20 km, is a grand scale.In the long 23 years of construction, depletion of the flesh and blood of the people.At that time, there were ten thousand trees planted in the tomb area, thousands of deer kept and 5700 guards.Its wide range, large scale, before the Ming Dynasty is rare.But Zhu Yuanjin was buried, there are 40 concubines to bury, in which 2 people were buried in the tomb of the East and west sides, 38 people from the buried in the tomb.This China exposed the feudal ruling class was cruel, they notonly to enjoy the splendor rich, after death still "death", the burial, at the people life.南京明孝陵导游词英文Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming DynastyHello, everybody! Welcome to Xiaoling Tomb of the Ming Dynasty. It is the first world cultural heritage site in Nanjing.Xiaoling Tomb is situated at the southern foot of Zijin Mountain in the east part of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. It is the burial place of Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and his wife empress Ma. As one of the largest imperial tombs existent in China, Xiaoling became a major historic and cultural site under state protection in 1961. On July 3, 20xx, together with the 13 Ming Tombs in Beijing, it was accepted into the World Heritage List as an associated site of “the imperial tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties”.Ming Dynasty was the penult feudal regime in China’s history. Its founder, Zhu Yuanzhang, was often referred to as a “beggar emperor”for his miserable childhood.Zhu was born into a poor peasant family in 1328 in Anhui Province neighboring Jiangsu. In 1344, a serious drought and plague swept the north of the Huaihe River. All his family members died in succession during the disaster. To support himself, he entered a monastery near his village to be a monk at the age of 17, but before long he was sent out tobeg alms for survival until 1348. At that time, peasant uprisings against the oppression of the Yuan Dynasty broke out in many places. One of the strongest forces was the Red Tie Army, so named because every soldier wore a red tie on the neck. At the age of 24, Zhu ran away from the monastery and joined the army. There he fought bravely and showed great talent as a strategist. He was quickly promoted to be one of the leading generals and married the commander’s adopted daughter. When the commander died, he succeeded him. Under his leadership, the army became stronger. After wiping out all the other rivals可以在这输入你的名字You Can Enter Your Name Here.。
明十三陵英文导游词
十三陵的英文导游词---不是一般的费劲THE MING TOMBSThe Ming Tombs are 40 kilometers north of Beijing City on the southern slopes of TianshouMountain. They are the burial grounds of 13 Ming Dynasty emperors. In July 2003 the site was designated a world cultural heritage site by UNESCO.Empress Xu died in the 5th year of Yongle (1407). Zhu Di sentZhao Hong, secretary of the Ministry of Rites and a geomancer----Liao Junqing along with many others to Beijing in search of an auspicious place for the tombs. It is said that this group of people first selected the area of Tu Jia Ying, which means slaughter-house, and as such, it couldn't be used as the burial ground. Next they selected the foot of Yangshan Mountain, Changping. However, since the surname of the emperor (Zhu) is a homophone for pig and because a village named 'wolf mouth ravine' was located there, they decided against using that area. Later, they found Yan-jiatai west of Beijing. Again, since 'Yanjia' was the homonym of the death of the emperor, it was also deemed unsuitable. It was not until the 7th year of Yongle (1409), that they finally chose the present Heavenly Longevity Mountain as their cemetery grounds.The whole area covers 40 square kilometers. It has mountains to its east, west and north, and Dragon Mountain and Tiger Mountain are on either side of its southern entrance. The 13 tombs go from north to south. They are arranged in the manner of the Imperial Palace, with the administration area in the front and living quarters in the rear. In front of the tombs are divine passes,stone archways and steel towers. The Precious City and Ming Tower stand over theUnderground Palace.There were 16 emperors during the Ming Dynasty. Buried in the Ming tombs, are 13 Ming emperors and 23 empresses, as well as many concubines,princes, princesses and maids. The other 3 emperors, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, Zhu Yunwen and Zhu Qiyu are buried in other locations.The founder of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, established his capital in present dayNanjing where he was buried after his death. His tomb is called Xiaoling (Tomb of Filial Piety).The body of the second emperor of the Ming, Zhu Yunwen, is missing. Some said that he died in a fire, while others said that he went to a temple and became a monk. There is no final conclusion yet.The seventh Ming Emperor Zhu Qiyu, was buried as a prince by his elder brother Zhu Qizhen at Jinshankou, a western suburb of Beijing, because in the Tumubao Upheaval, Emperor Zhu Qizhen became a captive and the younger brother of Zhu Qizhen. Zhu Qiyu was chosen as the new emperor, but later Zhu Qizhen was back and proclaimed his re-enthronement in the Seizing Gate Upheaval.The Memorial Arch was built in the 19th year of Jiajing (1540) as a symbol of the Ming Tombs. It is 14 meters high and 28. 86 meters wide, and has 5 arches supported by 6 pillars with beautiful bas-relief carvings of lions, dragons and lotus flowers. The Memorial Arch is the biggest and the most exquisite stone arch preserved in the country today. The major designs of dragon and cloud decorations reflect the character of imperial architecture. In addition, it also demonstrates the skillful artistry of the Ming craftsmen.The Big Palace Gate is the front gate of the Ming Tombs, and is more commonly known as Big Red Gate. Facing south, there are three arch en-trances to the gate, the main inlet to the Ming Tombs. Flanking the gate are two stone tablets, inscribed with orders for the emperor, officials and other people to dismount, before entering into the tomb area. If they did not obey, they would be punished for their disrespect. The rules governing the Ming Tombs in the Ming Dynasty, stipulate that one who sneaks into the tomb area to pick firewood and break twigs would be flogged. Those who came to fetch dirt and stone would be beheaded. Those who entered arbitrarily into the tomb area would be flogged a hundred times.The Tablet House was built in the 10th year of Xuande (1435), and stands about 10 meters high with two tiers of eaves. A huge tablet stands in themiddle of the Tablet House. The front side bears an inscription by Emperor Renzong for Chengzu. The reverse side is a poem by Qing Emperor Qianlong recording in detail the conditions of the broken Changling, Yongling, Dingling and Xiling. On the east side is the record of expenditures for repairing the Ming Tombs by the Qing government. On the west side is an epitaph by Qing Emperor Jiaqing. It was written in the 9th year of Jiaqing (1804) describing the cause of the fall of the Ming Dynasty.On the north side of the Tablet House, stands a group of stone carvings (36 in all). Behind the house, there are two stone pillars. Beyond the pillars are stone animals and other statues. Lions, Xie Zhi, camels, elephants, and Qi Lin horses .All of the animals are in two pairs. Two stand, while the other two kneel. It is followed by the statues of military officers, civil officials and officials of merit, four in each group. These stone animals and statues were made in the 10th year of Xuande (1435). They reflect the imperial power when he was alive and the imperial dignity after he was deceased. The animals and statues were created using whole blocks of stone weighing a couple of tons and each was delicately and masterfully carved.Here stands Ling Xing Gate, also known as the unique Dragon and Phoenix Gate, with the meaning of the Gate of Heaven. The gate is pierced with six door leaves, attached to three archways. The top of the central section of the three archways is decorated with flames and precious pearl, so it is also known as the Flame Archway. To the north of the Dragon and Phoenix Gate there lays a seven-arch marble bridge, leading to the gate of Changling. To the east of the seven-arch bridge stands an old five-arch bridge, which was the original site of the seven-arch bridge.Actually we are standing on the axle line of the Ming Tombs, otherwise known as theSacred Way or the Tomb path. We passed the Memorial Arch, the Big Palace Gate, the Tablet House, Sacred Way, stone animals and statues, and Ling Xing Gate. This seven-kilometer long sacred pathway leads from south to north, all the way to the Gate of Changling.Now, we are moving to Chang Ling. Changling is the first tomb built in the Ming Tombs area, covering 10 hectares and containing Emperor Zhu Di and his empress Xu.Zhu Di (Chengzu) of the Ming Dynasty was the fourth son of the first Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, born in 1360. Zhu Di was conferred the title of the prince of Yan in the 3rd year of Hongwu (1370). He was appointed at Beiping. After the death of Zhu Yuanzhang (the first Ming Emperor), Zhu Di used the pretext of eliminating evil officials at the side of Emperor Jianwen to lead an army expedition down south to Nanjing. He seized the throne in the 4th year of Jianwen (1402) and ascended the throne in June inside the Hall of Ancestral Worship in Nanjing.Zhu Di was an emperor of outstanding accomplishment in the Ming Dynasty. As soon as he became the prince of Yan, he led the generals out to battle. He had great achievements in calming down the north. After he took over his nephew's power and became the emperor, he still went out to battle throughout the country and consolidated the rule of the Ming Dynasty. He made the important decision to move the capital to Beijing. During the rule of Zhu Di, magnificent developments were made in the economy, culture and in diplomacy.In terms of culture, Zhu Di successively sent Grand Academician Xie Jin, Yan Guangxiao and others to compile the Yongle encyclopedia. The book has become the largest book ever complied in Chinese history. For expanding external exchanges and trade, Zhu Di selected eunuch Zheng He to lead a large fleet filled with precious gold, silver, silk and satins to sail to southeast Asia andAfrica seven times in the early years of Yongle.Empress Xu was buried together with Emperor Zhu Di in Changling. Empress Xushi was the eldest daughter of Xu Da who was one of the founding fathers of the Ming Dynasty. Throughout her lifespan, Xu Shi complied 20 articles of internal lectures and a book advising to be good, so as to cultivate people's minds. She was the very first one to be buried in Changling and in the Ming Tomb area.The Hall of Eminent Favor in Changling is the best preserved among the thirteen tombs. It is a valuable relic of ancient China's wooden structures. It is nine rooms wide and five rooms long, a hall size rarely seen in China.The roof is made of top-class double eaves and there are multiple rooms covered with yellow glazed tiles. The hall is supported by 60 thick Nanmu pillars, the middle four in the hall are the thickest, the diameter of each one can reach over one meter. It is known as the best Nanmu (phoebe) hall in the country.Now we are going to Dinging. Dingling is located at the east footof Dayu Mountain. Buried here are the 13th Ming Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) and his two empresses Xiaoduan and Xiaojing.Zhu Yijun was the longest on the throne of the Ming Emperors. (He was emperor for 48 years). He was the greediest and laziest emperor in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Yijun ascended the throne at the age of 9. After he came to power, he was supported by the chief minister Zhang Juzheng. At this time, various aspects of society gained development.Later ,Zhang Juzheng died of illness. Not long after Wanli managed state affairs on his own, he used the chance to select the location for his tomb site when he went to pay homage to the ancestors' tombs. He spent eight million taels of silver (250,000 kilos of silver) and six years to build a high quality tomb Dingling. After the Dingling was completed, Zhu Yijun personally went to inspect it, and felt very satisfied with the result. He went so far as to hold a grand banquet in the Underground Palace, which was unheard of in history.Zhu Yijun was a typical muddle-headed emperor. Reflecting on his reign, he did not pay attention to state affairs for 28 out of his 48 year rule. The state organ was effectively semi-paralyzed during his reign. Later generations commented that the fall of the Ming dynasty was caused by this emperor.Zhu Yijun had two empresses. Empress Xiaojing was originally a maid of Wanli's mother Cisheng. Later she gave birth to a son of the emperor. That son was the one-month emperor Guangzong (Zhu Changluo). She died of illness 9 years earlier than Shenzong died. She was buried as a concubine at Pinggangdi, around the east pit, at the Heavenly Longevity Mount. After Xiaojing was conferred the title of “grandmother of the emperor”, her body was moved to the Underground Palace of Dingling, and buried together with Emperor Wanli and Empress Xiaoduan on the same day.Xiaoduan was conferred the title of empress, but she could not give birth to either a son or a daughter to the emperor. Xiaoduan died of illness. A hundred days later, Emperor Wanli (Zhu Yijun) died too.Empress Xiaoduan, Emperor Wanli, and Empress Xiaojing were buried together in the Underground Palace.The tablet in front of Dingling has no words on it. It is called the wordless tablet. There is a pair of coiling dragons along the top and a pattern of sea waves carved on the bottom. Its base is composed of a tortoise (Bixi). It is said that the dragon has nine sons. In twelve of the Ming Tombs, excluding Changling, all the tablets are wordless.Originally there were no tablet houses in front of the Tombs, but later the tablet houses and steeles of the first six tombs were completed. But the emperor Jiajing at the time indulged in drinking, lust and searching for longevity pills, so he had no time to pay attention on the inscriptions. Consequently the six tablets are wordless. And in keeping with this tradition, that’s why the tablets later on are also blank.Now we are arriving at The Gate of Eminent Favor and the Hall of Eminent Favor of Dingling, The Hall of Eminent Favor is also called Hall of Enjoyment. It was the place where the emperor and his entourage held grand sacrificial rites. They were mostly destroyed when the Qing soldiers came. And they were destroyed again later, so now only the ruins remain.Moving on, this is the exhibition rooms that were built after the excavation of the Underground Palace. The exhibition explains in detail the history of the tomb master and introduces the tomb excavation process. The exhibitionrooms are divided into two parts, the south and the north. In the south room, on display are the sacrificial objects of Emperor Wanli unearthed fromthe Underground Palace. In the north room, on display are the sacrificial items of the two empresses. All of then are fancy and invaluable.Now we arrive at The Soul Tower, this is the symbol of the tomb. It is a stone structure with colorful painted decorations. The Soul Tower and the Pre-cious citadel of Dingling have never been damaged seriously. The Soul Tower is the best preserved architecture above the ground of Dingling. On top of the yellow, glazed tiled roof of the Soul Tower sits a big stone tablet. Two Chinese characters----Dingling, are carved on the tablet. Inside the Soul Tower, on top of another stone tablet, there are two big characters----'the Great Ming' written in seal characters. On the body of the tablet, seven Chinese characters-----'Tomb of Emperor Shenzong Xian' are carved.The Soul Tower is connected with the Precious Citadel. The Precious Citadel is a large round wall built with bricks. The Precious Citadel wall is 7.5 m high, and lower part is thick while the upper part is thin. The round wall's perimeter is over 800 meters, and inside the wall is a large artificial mound, the emperor's tomb mound, known as Precious Top.Dingling is the only Ming Tomb to be excavated. Formal excavation work started in May 1956 and ended in 1958. First, the working personnel discovered an exposed gateway at the side wall to the southwest of the Precious Citadel of Dingling. So they dug the first tunnel facing the position of the gateway. At the bottom of the tunnel, they discovered a tunnel made of bricks. Three months later, along the direction of the tunnel, to the west of the Soul Tower, they dug the second tunnel. During the digging, they encountered with a stone tablet which inscribed the words ' from here 48. 8m forward and 10. 7m downward lies the precious wall'. Therefore it gave the correct direction of opening up the Underground Palace.According to the direction of the stone tablet, after digging the third tunnel, they found a stone tunnel. At last they got to the precious wall. Thus they opened the precious wall with a square stone room. To the west end of the room, lay two marble doors. The working personnel used a wire and wood plank to remove the ' self-acting' stone bar, which was against the back of the door. With this method, they opened the entrance of the Underground Palace.The palace has no beam which was built according to the principles of geomancy Altogether there are five chambers. The chambers are separated by seven marble doors. TheUnderground Palace is 27 meters deep, covering an area of 1,195 square meters. There is a same structure stone door in be-tween the front, middle and rear chambers. The door is made of marble. The biggest marble door is 3. 3 meters high, 1.7 meters wide, 4 tons in weight. It looks heavy, but it is reasonably designed. The pivot of the stone door is inclined to the door axle, so the door is easy to open and close. On top of the door is a lintel (made of bronze) tube weighing about 10 tons to prevent thedoor from falling. Carved on the front of the marble door are 9 rows of 81 knobs and strange animals with rings in their mouths. Located on the reverse side, opposite the animals, is a protruding section that holds the door's 'self-acting' stone bar.The front and middle chambers are 7. 2 meters high and 6 meters wide. The floor is covered with gold bricks. According to records, the gold bricks are smooth and durable. The more you polish them, the brighter they become. There are no decorations in the front and two annex chambers. In the middle chamber, there are three marble thrones for Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses, known as the precious thrones. In the front of the thrones, there are five yellow glazed offerings and one blue-and-white porcelain jar of Jiajing Year's style with a cloud-and-dragon design.It is about 0.7 meters in diameter. Originally there was sesame oil in the jar. On the surface of the oil was a copper tube with a wick inside. It is called the 'everlasting lamp'. Due to the lack of oxygen, the light went out so the oil had not been used all.The rear chamber is the biggest of the three. It is 9.5 meters high, 31 meters long, 9.lmeters wide, the floor is paved with polished stones. In the rear chamber, there is a coffin platform edged with white marble. Placed on the platform are the coffins of Emperor Wanli and his two Empresses as well as 26 vermilion boxes filled with funeral objects.In the middle of the coffin platform, there is a rectangular hole filled with soil called Gold Well. Putting jade stone around the coffin or inside the coffin or in the mouth of the deceased is called being ' buried with jade. ' Ancient people believed Gold Well was the pit of geomancy. It could prevent the body from decay for a long time. Being 'buried with jade' on a Gold Well was the highest standard of entombment one could receive in the feudal era.Originally the empress's coffin should have been placed in the rear chamber. Then why were the coffins of the two empresses also in the same chamber as the emperor's? In 1620, first empress Xiaoduan died in April, then in July Emperor Wanli also died. After that, the son of Zhu Changluo died 29 days after his succession. In only a few months, two emperors and one empress had died in succession. In addition they had removed Empress Xiaojing's coffin to Dingling. All the burdens of the funeral burials fell on the just enthroned Emperor Zhu Youjian. The preparation work was done in a hurried fashion (this was clearly recorded in historical documents). The rainy season had already arrived before the funeral could occur and the passage leading to the empress' annex chamber may not have been convenient to open. So the coffins of the emperor, empresses all entered the Underground Palace through the front entrance. After the coffins entered the Underground Palace, since the passage to the annex chambers were narrow, the coffins of the empresses would not fit through it. So they had to put all the three coffins together into the rear chamber.Now please follow me out of the underground palace. And our tour for today is completed. I hope you have found our time together informative andenjoyable. We now have half an hour for a rest, and then we will get together here at 4:00pm. Thank you.。
介绍明孝陵英语作文
介绍明孝陵英语作文English: Ming Xiaoling is the tomb of the Hongwu Emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his empress, Ma. Located at the southern foot of Purple Mountain in Nanjing, China, Ming Xiaoling is considered one of the best-preserved and largest imperial tombs in the country. The tomb was built between 1381 and 1405 during the Ming Dynasty, characterized by its grand architecture and beautiful surroundings. The Sacred Way leading up to the tomb is lined with stone statues of mythical animals and civil officials, creating a majestic and solemn atmosphere. Inside the tomb complex, visitors can explore the main buildings, such as the Gate of Eminent Favor, the Tablet Pavilion, and the Hall of Eminent Favor, all of which showcase exquisite craftsmanship and historical significance. Ming Xiaoling not only serves as a prominent historical site but also reflects the traditional Chinese belief in honoring and commemorating the deceased ancestors.Translated content: 明孝陵是明朝开国皇帝朱元璋和皇后马氏的陵墓，位于中国南京紫金山南麓，被认为是全国保存最完好、规模最大的皇家陵墓之一。
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明祖陵Ming Zu Tomb各位游客:我们面前的明祖陵，又称“明代第一险”，是全国唯一的水下皇陵，陵区现有总面积约73万平方米。
明祖陵是明太祖朱元璋在推翻元朝统治、登上皇帝宝座后，为高祖朱百六(玄皇帝)、曾祖朱四九(恒皇帝)和祖父朱初一(裕皇帝)兴建的衣冠家，也是裕皇帝朱初-的实际殁葬地，原名“杨家墩”。
Dear visitors:The Ming Zu Mausoleum in front of us, also known as the "Ming Dynasty No. 1 Danger", is the only underwater imperial tomb in the country. The total area of the tomb is about 730,000 square meters. Ming Zu Mausoleum was built by the great ancestor Zhu Bailiu (Xuan Emperor), great ancestor Zhu Sijiu (Heng Emperor), and grandfather Zhu Chuyi (Emperor Yu) after Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the rule of the Yuan Dynasty and ascended the throne of the emperor. It was also the actual burial place of Emperor Yu Zhu Chu-, formerly known as "Yangjiadun".明祖陵始建于明洪武十八年(1385年)，建成于明永乐十一年(1413年)，共历时28年之久。
陵区原有城墙3道，金水桥3座，殿、亭、楼、阁、署房、官私宅第数千间，占地面积上万亩，可谓规模宏大，气势雄伟。
清康熙十九年(1680年)夏秋，黄淮并涨，明祖陵与位于南侧约13里的泗州城同时被淹没在洪泽湖底。
1962 年冬至1963年春，由于气候干旱，加上当时正值枯水季节，江苏省文物普查工作队在洪泽湖西岸寻访古徐国遗迹时，发现长长的一列石刻群，这群具有唐宋风格、精致生动的石刻群，经过专家多方查考，确认为是消失已久的明代“祖陵”。
1980年，国家拨专款对明祖陵倒伏的石刻进行复位、扶正。
1982 年，被省人民政府确定为江苏省第三批文物保护单位。
1996年，被国务院公布为第四批全国重点文物保护单位。
Ming Zu Mausoleum was built in the eighteenth year of Ming Hongwu (1385) and completed in the eleventh year of Ming Yongle (1413), which lasted 28 years. The mausoleum area has 3 original city walls, 3 Jinshui bridges, thousands of halls, pavilions, buildings, pavilions, office houses, and official private residences, covering an area of tens of thousands of acres. It can be described as grand in scale and majestic. In the 19th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1680) in summer and autumn, the Huanghuai River rose simultaneously, and the Ming Zu Mausoleum and Sizhou City located about 13 miles to the south were submerged at the bottom of Hongze Lake. From the winter of 1962 to the spring of 1963, due to the dry climate and the dry season at that time, the Jiangsu Provincial Cultural Relics Census Team found a long line of stone carvings on the west bank of Hongze Lake when they were looking for the remains of the ancient Xu Kingdom. The style, exquisite and vivid stone carvings have been verified by experts as the long-lost "ancestral tombs" of the Ming Dynasty. In 1980, the state allocated special funds to restore and straighten the fallen stone carvings of Mingzu Mausoleum. In 1982, it was designated as the third batch of cultural relics protection units in Jiangsu Province by the Provincial People's Government. In 1996, it was announced as the fourth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.[沙盘]明祖陵原有建筑规模宏大，气势雄伟。
原有城墙3道，最外边的叫“外罗城”，中间的是“中砖城”，最里面的是“内皇城”。
从正南的下马碑起进人红门，过基运山两座碑亭，进人“中砖城”，过神道、金水桥和金门才能进入正殿，再往后就是充满神秘色彩的地下玄官。
[Sandpan] The original building of Mingzu Mausoleum was grand and majestic. There were 3 original city walls, the outermost one is called "Outer Luocheng", the middle one is "Middle Brick City", and the innermost one is "Inner Imperial City". Enter the Red Gate from the Xia Ma stele in the south, pass the two stele pavilions of Jiyun Mountain, and enter the "China Brick City". You can enter the main hall after passing the Shinto, Jinshui Bridge and Jinmen, and then the mysterious underground mysterious official.[陈列馆]明祖陵陈列馆于203年大年初正式对外开放，我们现在看到的这个沙盘模型就是根据明祖陵的原貌图复制而来的，由于明祖陵在水底下沉睡300年，大部分的建筑物已经毁于洪水。
我们在明祖陵可以看到的只有三部分:第一部分是道石划。
第二部分是内泉城遗址，第三部分是地官，陈川丽同时也将明朝五大帝中的19座陵墓作简单介绍。
[Exhibition Hall] Ming Zu Mausoleum Exhibition Hall was officially opened to the public at the beginning of the Lunar New Year 203. The sand table model we see now is copied from the original map of Ming Zu Mausoleum, because Ming Zu Mausoleum has been sleeping under the water for 300 years , Most of the buildings have been destroyed by floods. There are only three parts that we can see in the Mingzu Mausoleum: The first part is the Dao-Stone Plan.The second part is the ruins of Neiquan City, and the third part is the local officials. Chen Chuanli also briefly introduced 19 tombs of the five emperors of the Ming Dynasty.首先我们可以看到的是这块《朱氏世德碑记》，是朱元师亲自强写文确的，如果要问中国历代封建帝王有多少位皇帝为自己撰写碑记，那么答案只有个，只有明代的开国皇帝朱元璋。
通过这块碑记，我们可以了解到朱元章的相籍在“江苏句容”(第行，本宗朱氏，出自金陵之句容，地名朱家巷，在通德乡)，那么盱眙为何又成为朱元璋埋葬祖先的地方呢?《碑记》的第13行告诉我们:“元初籍淘金户，金非土产，市于他市，先祖考初一公困于役，遂弃田庐，携二子，迁泗州盱眙县。
”"意思是说，元代时朱元璋的祖父被定为“淘金户”，定期要向朝廷供奉金子，但是句容不产金子，那就要拿其他东西到市集上去交换金子，可换的人多了，价格就高了，买不起了。
所以朱元璋的祖父就放弃了田地和房屋，携带两个儿子，搬迁到当时的古泗州盱眙县，后来朱元璋的祖先们就先后病死于盱眙境内。
First of all, we can see that this piece of "Zhu Shide Steles" was written by Master Zhu Yuan himself. If you want to ask how many Chinese emperors of the feudal dynasties wrote steles for themselves, then there is only one answer, only the Ming Dynasty. The founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang. Through this inscription, we can understand that Zhu Yuanzhang’s hometown is in "Jiangsu Jurong" (the first line, the Zhu family of this sect, from Jurong of Jinling, the place name is Zhujiaxiang, in Tongde Township), then why Xuyi became Where is Zhu Yuanzhang's ancestor buried? The 13th line of the "Stele Records" tells us: "In the early Yuan Dynasty, I was a gold digger and was a native of Jinfei. The city was in another city. Moved to Xuyi County, Sizhou." "It means that in the Yuan Dynasty, ZhuYuanzhang's grandfather was designated as a "gold digger" and regularly offered gold to the court, but Jurong did not produce gold, so he had to take other things to the market. When there were more people in exchange for gold, the price became too high and it was too much to buy. So Zhu Yuanzhang’s grandfather gave up his fields and houses, took his two sons, and moved to Xuyi County, ancient Sizhou at that time. Later, Zhu Yuanzhang’s ancestors They died of illnes s in Xuyi.在这块碑记上，我们也可以解开朱元璋出生地之“谜" 。