初中英语口语测试的必要性和可行性

初中英语口语测试的必要性和可行性
初中英语口语测试的必要性和可行性

初中英语口语测试的必要性和可行性

山东省青州市阳河初级中学

刘安东张素芬

一、初中学生口语能力现状及其成因

1、现状

我们的学生从小学一年级或三年级开始学习英语,到初三时,已经学习了六到九年英语,可结果呢?只会做题,背课文。一说英语,就脸红,甚至手脚发抖、声音发颤、语无伦次,说不出一句完整的英语。更不用说用英语去与人交际了。我们学生学的是“哑巴英语”,只是来应付考试的,不是来交际的。这严重违背了学习英语的初衷。

虽然近几年由于新课程标准的推行,对英语口语能力逐步重视,“哑巴”英语的状况已有所改善,但大部分初中学生仍把英语的使用局限于阅读或书面交际,他们对提高口语能力的欲望不高。尽管存在着地区的差异,但初中学生英语口头交际能力普遍偏低,是不争的事实。

2、成因

造成大部分初中学生“金口难开”的原因是多方面的,除了我们学外语的传统习惯外,我认为最主要的原因是,评价体系的不完善。初中考试制度不完善,特别是口语测试,在初中英语教学中严重滞后,多数师生片面追求卷面成绩,轻视口头交际,致使提高学生后续教育的口语能力就成了无源之水、无本之木。我们知道,中考就是一根指挥棒,可以说,为考试而教,为考试而学这种急功近利的心态,在很多人的心目中已根深蒂固。

二、初中英语口语测试的必要性

1、有助于改善教师片面教学的局面

口语能力是任何语言学习者的一项重要技能,也是交际能力所包含的重要技能之一,言语交际是英语教学活动的出发点和依据。学生掌握创造性地运用语言进行交际活动的能力,是英语教学的目的。遗憾的是,不少人企图绕过“说”,违背语言规律而进行教与学语言,结果造成教师片面教学和学生畸形发展的局面。在课改向纵深发展的今天,只有充分发挥考试这根指挥棒的正面效应,把英语测试确实列入考查范围,才有望改变这种状况。因为只要考什么学校就教什么,

我们的学生就学什么,目前学校领导、老师、学生对分数成绩的执著是众所周知的,只要是考试要求的,他们便会刻苦钻研、认真准备,很快就会取得令人惊异的成绩。

2、有助于听、说、读、写多种英语技能全面发展

听、说、读、写既是中学英语教与学的途径及手段,也是教与学的目的之一。因此,在教学实践中,教师要努力培养和发展学生的听、说、读、写和由此形成并不断发展的英语交际的能力。而口语测试最突出的优点是可以直接考“说”,并通过“说”了解学生听的能力,“只要一开口,便知有没有”。同时,弥补笔试只能检测学生听、读、写基本技能的不足,全面考查学生实际语言运用能力,逐步完善评价体系。

3、有助于培养学生的认知策略、交际策略和文化意识

口语测试能以反馈的方式及时调整教师的教学方法和学生的认知策略,加深师生相互认知与交流,使学生更深层次参于教学过程。它有助于培养学生的交际策略,如学会应用回避策略,会“绕道而行”,多用自己熟悉的词语或语法结构进行交际,以防“卡壳”;学会善于求同,改变表达方式,使别人比较容易弄懂自己的话。它能真实反映学生的跨文化交际能力,使学生在创设的语境中增强言语的得体性意识,更好地了解该语言的社会运用规则,实现语言的文化意义,这样可以有效地避免语用失误。

4、有助于外语教学实施素质教育

口语测试也是外语教学实施素质教育的突破口。它一方面可以考查学生的口头交际能力,是学生语用能力的具体体现,另一方面还可以训练他们的心理素质,培养他们良好的情感态度。在口语测试中,学生的思维、应变、模仿、非言语交际等方面的能力及个性心理品质都得到锻炼和提高。同时对开发个人潜能、促进个性发展也具有积极作用。

三、初中英语口语测试的可行性

1、《英语课程标准》提供理论依据

口语测试至今未能纳入评价体系,原因之一就是人们对口语测试的认识或重视不够。新课标明确指出,考试应包括口试、听力考试和笔试等形式,全面考查

学生综合语言运用能力。口语测试应着重检测学生的表达与沟通能力和交际的有效性。新课标还对口语技能与试题设计提供了测试要求。

2、口语测试有了师资保证

目前,初中英语教师大多具有了英语专科学历,都经过了严格的语音学习训练,语音语调基本没有问题。并且都对口语交际专门学习过,练习也较多,一般日常口语交际都比较熟练。也就是说,教师具备了进行英语口语测试的能力。现在,学校中基本都配备了语音室,微机室,多媒体教室等现代化设备。这些设备为进行英语口语测试多样性提供了可能性。如利用语音室,学生面对录音机,借助磁带录音,通过麦克风把朗读或谈话(对录音机)的内容录制下来,为避免相互干扰,受测者必须戴上装有麦克风的耳机。再如利用电脑,学生面对电脑,与电脑进行“面面交流”。广东省已经率先采用这种“人机对话”英语口语测试形式。

3、口语测试有了一定的经验

英语口语测试从九十年代中期就开始试验、探索。有的地区已经连续进行了多年,在口语测试的组织方面,试题的可信度方面,测试员的选拔与培训方面,已经积累了丰富的经验。有了这些宝贵的经验,在初中进行英语口语测试就不再是可望而不可及的了。

总之,新课程改革呼唤新评价理念指导下的考试制度。测试方式的全面性和多样化是教学质量强有力的保障。我们应该积极创造条件,加大人力和财力的投入,给初中英语口语测试一席之地,完善初中英语测试体系,惟此才能提高学生运用英语进行交际的能力,从而进一步推进素质教育。

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