欧美文化概论课程论文
欧洲文化的论文2
欧洲文化的论文(2)关于欧洲文化的论文范文德国构建社会保障的思想主要来源于德国社会市场经济思想，其基本特点是在强调市场作用的同时，注意社会公正与社会平等的发展。
德国强调社会政策与经济政策的一致性，社会福利政策执行的效率取决于国民经济健康有序发展，社会政策不能间接损害国民经济生产率，也不能违背市场经济制度的基本原则。
这一原则也就决定了德国在面临危机时仍能从容面对，仅仅通过政策的调整来缓解并走出危机，并保障其经济发展的有序。
此外，德国主张个人享受福利权利必须与义务相对应，集体性社会福利必须有限度。
政府通过有效的社会福利政策，促使国民摆脱原始的利己主义、进行自我发展。
(三)南欧：父爱主义的天主教福利观以希腊为代表的南欧国家社会福利文化的核心是天主教福利观形成的国家非干预意识形态观，施行家庭―市民社会主供的福利资源供给制度，家庭和教会在福利供给方面占主导地位。
天主教的意识形态观强调社会网络、社会互动和社会意义，倡导家庭伦理，主张家庭福利和使用社会资源。
天主教坚持家庭时最基本的社会单位，反对国家干预，倡导国家“辅助性原则”的意识形态。
因此，希腊最初的福利文化来源于天主教意识形态观，强调家庭伦理观念的家庭福利主义。
四、欧洲社会福利文化对中国的启示社会福利制度安排是其自身所具备的福利文化的外在反应，深厚的福利文化根基对构建社会福利体系具有重要作用。
本文通过对欧洲社会福利制度文化渊源进行探究和分析，从而针对我国未来构建社会福利文化得出一些启示和经验。
(一)坚持发扬传统核心文化理念根据前文对瑞典、德国和希腊社会福利文化的分析，可以看到各国的社会福利思想理念都和本国的传统文化中密不可分，甚至可以说正是传统文化的精髓在历史的沉淀中逐渐形成了社会福利思想理念。
在国家发展过程中，文化作为软实力一直在潜移默化地影响着每一代国民，因此，传统文化的力量不可忽视。
尤其就我国目前的状况而言，国家经济处于高速发展的阶段，公民意识逐渐觉醒，市民社会的力量在加强，在这种社会转型的复杂背景下，外来思想理念的诱惑力极强，在吸收其他福利思想的同时，必须要保持传统文化的精髓，发扬中国本土文化对国民的强大影响力，将传统文化与现代理念结合起来，构建适合我国国情的社会福利文化。
英美文化概况论文
The Differences of Teenagers’ Life Between China and AmericaIt is universally known that teenagers are the expectation of their parents and the hope of a nation, and almost all the countries in the world, including C hina and America of course, pay much attention to the teenagers’ life. However, because of the differences of culture in different countries, teenagers are obviously not living a same life. And in this article, I want to talk about some differences of teenagers’ life between China and America, for life of teenagers in these two countries are both typical.First of all, let’s go into schools and find out how teenagers s pending a day at school.As a Chinese student, I really know the teenagers’ life at school in China. We have to get up early so as not to be late for classes in the weekdays, and there are nearly ten lessons, which contain Chinese, maths, physics, chemistry, English and so on, from moning to night so that many students, especially the highschool students, prefer to spend most of time staying in the classrooms rather than go to play games. As there are too many tasks of learning for us, sometimes we even think that doing things which have nothing to do with studing is just a waste of time. So now you should know that Chinese teenagers’ life at school seems to be alittle monotonous and there are few things to do except listening to the teachers in classes, reading books and doing exercises. And at the end of the day, we are always feeling very tired.Compairde with Chinese teenagers’ life at school, American teenagers’ is easier and more colourful. American teenagers attend classes for an everage of only five hours a day, while Chinese teenagers spend about 10 hours a day. What’s more, although American teenagers should also learn a lot of subjects like mathematics, science, social studies (a subject that includes history, geography, citizenship and economics) and so on, the contents of these courses are much easier than Chinese students’. In result, American teenagers have relatively few tasks of learning, and they have far more free time to do things which they like.After classes over, American teenagers will have more activities. For example, doing a part-time job is universal among the teenagers.There is an interesting fact that a ccording to a survey, it is found that “About 54 percent young students have no pocket money in America, and there are fewer chances to get money from their parents as their ages increase. It is also found that 68 percent American stude nts earn pocket money through doing part-time job in their spare time.”(Tin Jennifer, 2005) By this way, American teenagers not only earn pocket money, but also get many chances to train themselves to have the ability of adapting to environmental variety and the ability of living independently.However, it seems to be hard for Chinese teenagers to do the same things like doing a part-time job as American teenagers. One of the reasons is that Chineseteenagers have less spare time and just within the little spare time, they have to finish much homework. Besides, Chinese parents always protect their children excessively in social activities. Many parents fear that their children will face a lot of difficulties or become bad boys in society; they always reduc e their children’s chances to contact with society or do not let them go to the outside alone. As result, Chinese teenagers live a relatively safe life, with the protection of their parents and teachers, but they may lose a large quantity of chances for themselves to kown the reality of society and develop the aware of independence. And now we should somewhat understand the reason why American teenagers often seems to be more confident and mature.In a word, compared with American teenagers, Chinese teenages live a more tired and simple life. The most important things for them is to finish quite a large number of tasks of studying and they do not need to care about other things too much, because their parents always try to do almost everything for them.But why do these differences above appear? In my opinion, the key reason is that, as we all know, now the only way to select talented person in China is examination. That is to say, we test a person’s level by mark, whith sounds a little cruel. Due to this policy, Chinese teenagers have to undertake the heavy tasks of studyi ng, which is just like Zhengqiang’s(a professer of Zhejiang university) words“In the nowadays, the heavy tasks of studying brings too much pression to our Chinese teenagers but take too much happiness of the teenagers’ life away”. Their parents and teachers also put the children’s mark in an very important place,so they often urge the teenagers to sduty hard and hardly let them to other things. However, owing to the rich resources of education and the relatively variety of ways to select talented person, American teenagers have more choices and they needn’t pay so much attention like Chinese teenagers to study.And secondly, the parents’ conceptions of family education have an great effect on the teenagers’ life too.In China, parents will regard their son or daughter as a child and try to protect their child forever, and the majority of parents feel that their responsibility for their children is to create as good conditions as possible they can so that the children will not worry about anything in the future. What Chinese parents do makes Chinese teenagers live a comfortable life. The teenagers is just like the flowers which are planted in the greenhouses, with no hurt by the wind or snow, beautiful but fragile.However, on the contrary, in America, parents often encourage their children to contact with society. For instance, They let their children do a part-time job by controling the amount of children’s pocket money, which is mentioned in the previous paragraph. What American parents do is to cultivate children’s awareness of frugality and train their children’s ability of independence. Thus, American teenagers may meet more touble in the daily life, but if they overcome the trouble by themselves successfully, they will get a lot of precious social experience that will help them grow up more smoothly.By comparing and contrasting Chinese teenagers’ life with American teenagers’life, we can see that the American mode is better for teenagers to grow up healthily and there are some disadvantages about the Chinese mode. Fortunately, the Chinese government has realized this situation. For example, considering the teenagers’ heavy tasks of studying, the government makes some new education policy such as the policy of quality education to increase ways of talented person selecting to encourage the teenagers to do some other things. Besides, with society developing, Chinese parents also realize that it’s of great importance for children to for a self-supporting will, because it’s the basic quality that help a person succeed in society. Then the parents no longer help their children make all the decisions but they sometimes let their children do same choices. So Chinese teenagers’ life is not so monotonous as before, and I think the teenagers’ life will be more and more colourful, and they can grow up more healthily.参考文本文献以及电子文献：[1] 朱永涛，王立礼。
欧洲文化的论文（3）
欧洲文化的论文（3）关于欧洲文化的论文范文”[7]基督教教义在一定程度上成为了高级文化的载体，它促进了欧洲人的思想开化。
这一过程使得基督教成为欧洲人精神世界的统治者，奠定了其在欧洲人统一意识形态与价值观念中的统治地位。
作为中世纪意识形态的主导，基督教的教条成为了欧洲文化中伦理道德的规范。
基督教在中世纪时期有着其整体化的机构与活动。
其教义的传播者教士是文化的象征，而其物质载体修道院则成为教化民众的场所，是当时社会主要的文化中心。
修道院因其重要的文化地位和影响成为现代大学的前身。
可以说，基督教对欧洲人统一性的精神统治在欧洲认同观念的形成中起到了中流砥柱的作用。
综上所述，欧洲认同观念有着深刻的文化根源。
古希腊罗马文化是欧洲文明的起源，基督教文化是欧洲人共同的精神家园，二者为欧洲认同的形成奠定了坚实的基础。
只有深入探究欧洲认同形成的文化根源才能深刻地认识欧洲及其不断加强的一体化进程。
参考文献：[1] 郑晓云. 文化认同与文化变迁[M]. 北京：中国社会科学出版社，1993.[2] 马克思，恩格斯. 马克思恩格斯选集(第四卷)[M]. 北京：人民出版社， 1972.[3] 伊迪丝·汉密尔顿. 希腊方式—通向西方文明的源泉 [M]. 杭州：浙江人民出版社，1988.[4] W. Fleming. Arts and Ideas [M]. New York， 1968.[5] 陈乐民，周弘. 欧洲文明扩张史[M]. 北京：东方出版中心，1999.[6] Anthony Pagden. The Idea of Europe [M]. Woodrow Wilson Center Press and Cambridge University Press. U.K. 2002.[7] 惠一鸣. 欧洲联盟发展史(上). 北京：中国社会科学出版社，2003年第1版.。
英美文化概论课程论文
英美文化概论课程论文－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－What I've Learnt in This CourseAuthor name: 杨坤student number : During this course，we have get the knowledge about America and Britain of their history , language , literature , education , politics and so on .United Kingdom covers only a small part area of the earth's surface , but its people share many different origins and cultures including the Scots , the Welsh , the Irish and the English .The English we use today has experienced too many changes . Old English of Anglo-saxon ,although it is the ancestor of modern English ,appears quite different from today's language .During AD 587-1066 , They used both Latin and Germanic scripts but always called their language Englisc .With the Norman invasion led by William the Conqueror in 1066 , norman French became the official language of English .The following phases are Middle English , Modern English ,Standard English .British government system The monarchy is the oldest secular institution in the United Kingdom .The British constitution is consisted of Acts of Parliament , the Prerogative of the Grown , Conventions of the Constitution , Common Law and Parliamentary Privilege . There are three elements in Parliament——the Crown , the House of Lord , the House of Commons . English literature begins around the 8th century in a language called Old English or Anglo-saxon . During this time the master work is Beowulf , a story of a great king who fought against monsters. The middle English period , generally defined as 1100 to 1500 , sees the true beginning of the magnificent heritage of English literature .During t his period many outstanding writers appeared as like Chauccer and the Shakespeare . Chaucer was the first to use English creation of court writer. He lived in London, use natural central England each county English, not dialect in northern or south England . His works made great contribution to the formation of modern English . when he was young , Chaucer translated part of the love poem "rose legend "into English. His first work is "the duchess's book. "Especially Roy Russ and klein west Germany based on boccaccio , show the great poem talent of Chaucer . His last longest and most famous work is the Canterbury tales. His work in Britain has always been treated as the best until Shakespeare's time. Shakespeare wrote tragic (Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, as king Lear) , comedy(The merchant of Venice, a midsummer night's dream, happy, twelfth night) , tragicomedy(Romeo and Juliet) ,historical play(Henry iv, Henry v, Henry vi, Henry viii, king John, Richard ii, Richard iii) and sonnet (Lover's complaint, LuKeLi silk non-virgins remember, Venus and adonis, enthusiasm of pilgrims, phoenix and doves) .Everybody knows that the Britain is Christians . The church of England is one of the many "Protestant" sects which broke away from the more ancient and more orthodox Roman Catholic Church several centuries ago , during the great religious upheaval called the Reformation.Being different from the Britain , the America has a very big land . In its vast area the United States comprehends most of the physical condition known to men : heatand cold , forest and desert , tropical-awamp and Arctic waste , mountains and endlessplain , empty apace and megalopolis , and the world's largest river system .Around the year 1000 , a party of Icelandic Vikings under Leif Ericson sailed to the eastern coast of North America . 500 years later , the need for increased trade and anerror in navigation led to another European encounter with America .Since 1607 , England began build the permanent colonies, in 150 years, after a lot of settlers poured in, settled in coastal regions, including many from Britain, it is partly from France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland and other countries. Middle of the 18th century, 13 British colonies had formed. Because of the climate and geographical environment, the 13 colonial area formed the different economic , political system and ideas . On April 19 ,1775 , revolution erupted .In 1782 30 November, Britain and America sign the Paris peace treaty, 1783 September 3rd, Britain formally recognized American independence .Each American is subjected to two governments , that of his state and that of the Union , and each has its own distinct function . In America each state made a constitution of its own and in its own way .That is very different from us . Every state constitution divided political power among three element .Each state entrusted the executive power to a governor . Finally , Each state had a system of courts ,and the judges in the courts were not to be subject to the executive or the legislative authorities .From the beginning of American history to the present today , American literature has recorded the story of quest . At different times the quest taken the different forms . In the 16th century Europeans came to this new world in search of the lost constinent of Atlantis.They came looking for golden " cities of Cibola " that haunted Coronado's imagination . They searched for the fabled northwest Passage to the Orient . Cooper , Poe , Emerson , Melvile , Mark Twain and Henry James were very outstanding in the history of American literature .Most of American belief in Christian and Catholic. America is a multi-ethnic, many religious country. Christian and Catholic, orthodox Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, Taoism and other religious also have many followers. Religious belief in the citizens of the population accounted for about 91%.America has many idiomatical festival as like the thanksgiving and Christmas . The thanksgiving day is on the 4th Thursday in November . On this day , Americans give thanks for the blessings they have enjoyed during the year and celebrate with dinners and happy reunions. Christmas season is the most festive time of the year in the United States. Students from grammar school through college have to two weeks' vocation .Many families go away for the holidays ,perhaps to ski in Colorado or to swim and sunbathe in Florida . People also decorate their house with christmas tree and red stars and color lights .They sing Christmas Carols,and sending Christmas cards .When I have learned this course ,I know that there is some reason for the rapid development of the Britain and the United States . The answers maybe are the democratic politics and good education . So ,if our we want our nation to be strong ,we have to built our politics and education .感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
英美文化概况结课论文
The Differences between the United States and China in Education “Better be unborn than untaught, for ignorance is the root of misfortune.” Plato, an ancient Greek philosopher, said. As we all know, education is necessary to ourselves and even our society. But people in different countries receive various educations because of diverse culture. Let us see the differences in education between America and China and the influence of different education on people.First, there is much distinction between those two countries in ideals of education. American asserts equality. She claims that as many people as possible should have access to as much education as they want so that American can produce a society of literacy and local control. She places emphasis on the basic nature of knowledge and learning. Students in America should learn to discover and create new approaches to understand what is already known. American students prefer to practice by themselves instead of listening to the teachers sitting in the classroom. However, students in China are taught to learn not creative thinking but basic skills. Chinese require that students should acquire knowledge as what teachers teach and what teaching materials tell. Chinese always instill into kids’minds a thought that what teachers and teaching materials say are definitely right so that Chinese students lack the critical thought since they are children. Thus, it becomes that American students possess great abilities though get low grades and Chinese students have low abilities while get high scores, as is known to all.Second, the atmospheres in the classroom show the divergence of the two countries’education. Chinese teachers are good at drawing conclusions from a question for students to make them have no question. But American teachers are efficient at enlightening students on a question and enable every student to put forward more new questions. A student in Chinese class has to put up his hand to be allowed to stand up by teachers to answer questions while in American class students are encouraged to speak freely. If a Chinese student disagree what his teacher say, he will suffer some criticisms; nevertheless, an American students will be awarded praise if he does that. We can find out that the Chinese class pays more attention to discipline and the United States focuses on human rights.Three, the ways to further education are entirely different in China and America. There is no annual college entrance examination. Applicants are chosen on the basis of four aspects: high school records, high school teachers’recommendations, the impression they make during interviews at the university, scores on Scholastic Aptitude Test. In an American soap opera called Gossip Girl, an actor called Dan, who wants to study in Yale and passed the SAT, struggles to get three recommendations from his high school teachers or famous writers. But every Chinese student knows that if they want to go to university they must pass the college entrance examination and if they hope to go to key colleges, they have to get higher scores. So the purpose of American education system is to make students find out their shortcomings and straighten them up and Chinese educational system is elimination.Four, students’ extra-curricular life in United States is more colorful than Chinese students’. There are many students’organizations----clubs and activities in the American school helping students become successful when pursuing hobbies. Inaddition, they often do some part-time jobs to make money, which may be for activities or other things. However, Chinese students don’t have so many activities and in their extra-curricular life they will spend most of time attending cram school or doing their homework. So, they are losing their hobbies gradually.In general, I think our government should make reformation on our educational system immediately. Not only should our grades be focused on, but also students’practical ability and creative thinking should be paid more attention. Thus, our country will be more thriving and prospering and we Chinese will be more happiness!。
《西方文化概论》课程论文及参考书目
《你的第一本哲学书》，托马斯.内格尔（美），宝树 译，当代中国出版社。 《哲学的邀请》，费尔南多.萨瓦特尔（西班牙），林 经纬译，北京大学出版社。 《苏菲的世界》，乔斯坦·贾德 （挪威），萧宝森译， 作家出版社。 《西方哲学简史》，赵敦华，北京大学出版社。 《西方哲学史》，邓晓芒，赵林，高等教育出版社。
参考书目
年至今》 《从黎明到衰落:西方文化生活五百年 1500年至今》，雅 从黎明到衰落 西方文化生活五百年 年至今 巴尔赞（ ），林华译 世界知识出版社， 林华译， 克·巴尔赞（美），林华译，世界知识出版社，2002。 巴尔赞 。 古典主义时期的大师》 余丁著，安徽美术出版社， 《古典主义时期的大师》，余丁著，安徽美术出版社， 2004。 。 帕斯卡尔思想录》 帕斯卡尔（ 何兆武译， 《帕斯卡尔思想录》，帕斯卡尔（法）著，何兆武译，陕 西师大出版社， 西师大出版社，2003。 。 第一周波——西方自由主义的文化革命 从文艺复兴宗 西方自由主义的文化革命(从文艺复兴宗 《第一周波 西方自由主义的文化革命 教改革到对旧神学批判的经验主义和理性主义)》 教改革到对旧神学批判的经验主义和理性主义 》 ，马林 韬著，社会科学文献出版社， 韬著，社会科学文献出版社，2005。 。
参考书目
沃尔夫林（ 《文艺复兴与巴洛克》，海因里希·沃尔夫林（瑞士）著， 文艺复兴与巴洛克》 海因里希 沃尔夫林 瑞士） 沈莹译，上海人民出版社， 沈莹译，上海人民出版社，2007。 。 意大利文艺复兴的起源与模式》 朱龙华著， 《意大利文艺复兴的起源与模式》，朱龙华著，人民出 版社，2004。 版社， 。 欧洲风化史：文艺复兴时代》 爱德华·傅克斯 傅克斯（ 《欧洲风化史：文艺复兴时代》，爱德华 傅克斯（德） 侯焕闳译，辽宁教育出版社， 著，侯焕闳译，辽宁教育出版社，2006。 。 欧洲文艺复兴史》丛书（已出版宗教卷、哲学卷、 《欧洲文艺复兴史》丛书（已出版宗教卷、哲学卷、艺 术卷、教育卷、科学技术卷、城市和社会生活卷）， ），人 术卷、教育卷、科学技术卷、城市和社会生活卷），人 民出版社， 民出版社，2008。 。
选修课欧洲文化概况论文
欧洲文化概况之发展史欧洲文化的发展，带有其自身的色彩。
从其发展演变过程来看，我们可大致将其分为五个时期：一、古典时期（the Classic Age，1200 B.C～476 A.D）欧洲“古典时期”的文化是由地处南欧的希腊人创立的，那是整个欧洲文化的发源地，他们创造了古希腊文明及古罗马文明。
主要是古希腊文明（the Ancient Greek Civilization）及古罗马文明（the Ancient Roman Civilization）。
奉行的是异教徒的信仰和实践（Paganism）。
异教徒指非基督教徒，非犹太教徒，非伊斯兰教徒。
理念上鲜有束缚，实践中享受人生，个性突出，热情奔放，创造力旺盛，风格多姿多彩。
那个年代理念上鲜有束缚，丰裕的物质条件、欢愉的精神生活和足够的闲暇时间，雅典人民或去露天广场出席公民大会，聆听别人演讲，高兴了慷慨激昂地发表自己的高见；或通宵达旦地看戏剧；或去柏拉图学院去听大师讲学；或去运动，扔铁饼；或约三五好友，在澡堂子里穿着浴袍高谈阔论直至天将破晓……在享乐主义的旗帜下求得个人才智的增长与道德品质的完美——直到今天，南欧诸国的子民，仍旧保持着那个时代的鲜明烙印。
他们说，现在南欧人习惯在早上和下午或晚上各喝一杯咖啡，而且最好是那种一小杯暗黑、浓郁、半苦半甜且带着焦味的咖啡，上层浮着热牛奶油沫、带着一点点的沉淀在杯底，喝咖啡的人以只手捧着碗或杯子，以咖啡的热度来温热他们的手掌或用鼻孔来感觉咖啡香，如果可能的话，他们甚至希望能跳入碗或杯中洗澡。
二、中世纪时期（the Middle Ages，476～1453）公元500年至1500年，被看成是人类进步征途中一个漫长而毫无目标的迂回时代——穷困、迷信、黯淡的一千年，将罗马帝国黄金时代和意大利文艺复兴新黄金时代分隔开来。
”于是，中世纪无异于“黑暗时代”的代名词。
可是，如果以相因而持续的眼光来观看这三个世代相承的历史阶段的时期更替，“史学家现在认识到中世纪欧洲具有巨大的创造力”，因为“经年累月的研究已经表明，中世纪社会仍在持续发生变化”，这就是“约在公元1500年左右，中世纪时代结束时，欧洲的技术与政治的和经济的结构，已在世界上所有其他文明当中占有决定性的优势”。
《西方文化概论》课程论文
古希腊-罗马文化体现了原始初民无穷的生命活力，而希伯来-基督教文化既抑制了人的原始生命力，又表现出对人的理性本质的寻求，既有人的主体性的萎缩，又有人对自我理解的进步和升华。这种尊重理性、群体本位、崇尚自我牺牲和忍让博爱的宗教人本意识，是以后欧洲文化内核的又一层面。“两希”文学中对人性追寻的这种对立和互补，构成了西方文学人性探索的基本价值核心，也是西方文学贯穿始终的人文主题。
三、古希腊罗马文化对西方文化的影响
古希腊是西方文明的摇篮，人类智慧的象征。古希腊文化是西方文化的渊源，她以其独特的风采与卓越的成就享誉世界，以至有“言必称希腊”之说。古代希腊文化在文学、艺术、哲学、宗教神话、政治学以及自然科学等方面大放异彩，被西方学者称之为古典文化。古希腊文化之所以在世界文化史中占有突出地位，就是因为古希腊文化在其历史发展进程中，创造了无数璀璨夺目的文化成果，达到人类文明史上的一个高峰。由此，古希腊文化及以后作为希腊文化继承者的罗马文化，启迪了14—17世纪的欧洲文艺复兴运动,对世界文化的发展起着巨大而深远的推动作用。正如恩格斯曾指出的：“没有古希腊文化及罗马帝国所奠定的基础,也就没有现代的欧洲。”希腊文明始于公元前二十世纪,在经历了几千年的积累与沉淀之后,古希腊人民创造出了无数夺目的精神财富和文化艺术瑰宝。古代希腊文化在宗教神话、哲学、文学艺术及科学等诸多方面取得辉煌成就，对其后的西方文明乃至当今的世界文化发展都起到了巨大而深远的影响。那时候所创造的艺术作品，直到现在还能给我们以艺术的享受,而且就某方面说还是一种规范和高不可及的范本；而哲学、科学思想则奠定了人类对自然、社会和思维认识的基础。
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欧美文化概论课程心得
——关于婚姻一学期的欧美文化概论课程学习已经结束了。
我在这门课上收获很多，包括对于节日、婚姻、宗教等等方面都有了与以前不同的认识。
上一次的心得，我写了一些关于对于宗教的认识，这次我想说一说有关婚姻，或者准确来说是结婚这个仪式的一些感想。
显然，中西方的婚姻仪式有很大的不同，这种不同不仅存在于形式上，也更多的存在于意识上。
举个例子，欧美的婚姻前一天，男女方的朋友们会各自举行单身派对，做一些很疯狂的事情，这些在老友记等美剧中我们都看到过，常常作为非常有趣的笑料出现。
而在中国这是令人难以想象的。
中国的新娘子，在传统的婚礼中，婚礼前一天理应安分的呆在家里，甚至早早盖上红盖头，不让别人看到。
我认为这种巨大差异的原因可能是东西方对于婚姻的认识的不同。
在西方，人们认为婚姻是两个人从放纵不羁的单身生活走向平静和睦的家庭生活的过程，所以在婚礼前一天，人们尽情狂欢，意寓着过了今晚，再无这样的crazy life。
而我国对于婚姻的认识，可能主要是一个女人嫁到一个男人家里，开始了她的贤妻良母的角色，忠贞不渝，所以女方需要内敛、含蓄的等待夫家的迎娶。
我认为这在一定程度上也体现了我国男尊女卑的思想。
当然，在今天，这种思想已经非常的淡化，但是传统的婚姻仪式并没有过大的改变。
还有一个课上让我印象深刻的是，老师讲到朋友送礼物的方式的区别。
在欧美，新人会将自己需要的礼物列一个单子，让朋友们自己选择送什么。
这在中国更是难以想象。
因为即便是平常过生日，我们也很难告诉朋友：“我需要xx，你给我买那个就好了。
”而在婚礼上，普遍的方式就是礼金。
事实上，礼金的形式作为一种传统，延续了这么久，真是让人又爱又恨。
我认为这种列清单送礼物的方式的确是一种更合理的方式，但是这对含蓄的中国人来说的确也是一种巨大的挑战。
所以说，礼金或许是更方便的一种解决形式。
感谢李老师在课上给我们讲解的欧美文化知识，也非常高兴能够选到这样一门有趣的课。
20125986
工商管理2012级2班
盛天雨。