考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编6 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
动物的权利问题——1997年英译汉及详解Do animals have rights? This is
how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.【F1】Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human
rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure,
it necessarily follows that animals have none.【F2】Some philosophers argue that
rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and
entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that
kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have
rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It
denies rights not only to animals but also to some people—for instance to infants, the
mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a
contract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to
somebody who says “I don’t like this contract”?The point is this: without agreement
on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.【F3】It leads the
discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be
treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no
consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more
fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.【F4】Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant
respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.
Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake—a sentimental
displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.This view
which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may
seem bravely “logical.” In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to
reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning—the ethical equivalent of
learning to crawl—is to weigh others’ interests against one’s own. This in turn
requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral
thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.【F5】When
that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning in action,
an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
1． 【F1】
正确答案：事实并非如此，因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的，而这种共同认识并不存在。
解析：本句考查的重点是：非限定性定语从句的译法和关系代词的指代。 该句的主干是it isn’t，because…，because引导原因状语从句。it assumes that中的that引导宾语从句。其中，it指代上文中的问句，an agreed account意为“约定的看法，共同的认识”；后面紧跟着的which非限制性定语从句修饰的是an
agreed account of human rights，而不仅仅是human rights，由于非限定性定语从句与原句联系不紧密，翻译时可以根据情况，用重复先行词或用“这、这种…”等代词代替先行词的方法另起一句。非限定从句中又含有一个限定性定语从句the
world does not have修饰something。
2． 【F2】
正确答案：有些哲学家论证说，权利只存在在于社会契约中，是责任与权益相交换的一部分。
解析：本句考查的重点是：宾语从句，固定搭配和词义的选择。 该句的主干是Some philosophers argue that…，that引导宾语从句。其中as引导的介宾结构修饰asocial contract，意为“作为…”。argue提出观点时应译为“论证说”，而不是“争论”；social contract在社会学意义上有固定翻译，为“社会契约”，不应该随意另作他译；entitlements意为“应得的权利／权益”，如果不熟悉的话可以通过它与duties(责任、义务)在文中的对照去猜测，因为与“义务”交换(exchange)的多半是“权利”。
3． 【F3】
正确答案：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向两个极端，它使人们认为应这样对待动物：要么像对人类自身一样关切体谅动物，要么完全冷漠无情。
解析：本句考查的重点是：it的指代，省略结构和泛指代词的翻译。 该句的主干是It leads the discussion to extremes…it invites you to think that…。It承接上文指一种观点、一种说法，所以实际可译为“这种说法”。英语中的冒号和汉语的冒号功能相似．都表示下文是上文的说明。在这里，冒号表示的是extremes的内容。冒号后的主干部分是：it invites you to think that…。that引导的宾语从句中含有一个省略了关系代词的定语从句humans extend to other humans修饰consideration，此外还有一个either…or…的并列结构，一般译成“要么…要么…”。注意并列结构的后一部分经常会承前省略，如：本句中的or with no consideration
at all就是or animals should be treatedwith no consideration at all的省略，在翻译时为了表意清楚应翻译出来。
4． 【F4】
正确答案：这类人持极端看法，认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同，对待动物无须考虑道德问题。
解析：本句考查的重点是：分词作状语和同位语从句。 该句的主干是extremists…think that…。that后接的是宾语从句：arguing from…是现在分词做原因状语，翻译的时候，“因为，由于”在不影响词义的情况下可以省略，这主要是因为汉语是意合的文字。view后面有一同位语从句说明其内容，可以顺译(即不加任何连词另起一句)，也可以用“即”，“这就是”。(extremists)of this kind是指“持上述观点(即humans are different from animals in every relevantrespect)的人。”
5． 【F5】
正确答案：这种反应并没错，这是人类用道德观念进行推理的本能在起作用，这种本能应得到鼓励，而不应遭到嘲弄。
解析：本句考查的重点是：状语从句和定语从句的译法。 本句的主干结构是两个复合句。When…是前一个复合句的时间状语。instinct后面的介词短语formoral reasoning in action是它的定语。that…是定语从句，修饰先行词an
instinct，从句中的被动语态结构，表示选择。mankind’s instinct for moral reasoning“人类道德观念推理的本能”，in action“起作用”，rather than“而不”。
能源危机及影响——1991年英译汉及详解The fact is that the energy crisis,
考研英语(翻译)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷6 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
1． Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only
recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
正确答案：虽然关于美国母亲的书不胜枚举，但直到最近才有以父亲这一角色为中心的作品问世。
解析：主句为only recently has literature focused on the role of a father；Although…引导让步状语从句：only放在句首后接状语引导倒装句，表示强调，主语为literature。 知识模块：翻译
2． Television, the most pervasive and persuasive modern technologies, marked
by rapid change and growth, is moving into a new era, an era of extraordinary
sophistication and versatility, which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
正确答案：电视，这项以更新变革快为标志的最普及和最有影响力的现代技术，正在步人一个新时代，一个极为先进尖端和多样化的时代，这将重塑我们的生活和我们的世界。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编92(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编92 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. 英汉互译
英汉互译
英译汉
1． What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or
woman who studies and applies physics, chemistry, or any other science? We all
know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many
people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science.
The first of these is the application of the machines and products that scientists and
technologists develop. New drugs, faster and safer means of transport, new systems of
applied knowledge are some examples of this aspect of science. The second aspect is
the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their
work. What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that
考研药学综合(分析化学)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)
考研药学综合（分析化学）历年真题试卷汇编6 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. 论述题 2. 名词解释题 3. 多项选择题 4. 计算题 5. 单项选择题 6. 判断题请判断下列各题正误。 7. 简答题
1． 简述反相离子抑制色谱法、离子对色谱法、离子色谱法的使用原理及其使用目的。
正确答案：反相离子抑制色谱法把离子对试剂加入到含水流动相中，被分析的组分离子在流动相中与离子对试剂的反离子生成不带电荷的中性离子，从而增加溶质与非极性固定相的作用，使分配系数增加，改善分离效果。 离子对色谱法是将一种(或多种)与溶质分子电荷相反的离子(称为对离子或反离子)加到流动相或固定相中，使其与溶质离子结合形成疏水型离子对化合物，从而控制溶质离子的保留行为。离子对色谱法(特别是反相)解决了以往难以分离的混合物的分离问题，诸如酸、碱和离子、非离子混合物，特别是一些生化试样如核酸、核苷、生物碱以及药物等分离。 离子色谱法是指将改进后的电导检测器安装在离子交换树脂柱的后面，以连续检测色谱分离的离子的方法。离子色谱主要用于测定各种离子的含量，特别适于测定水溶液中低浓度的阴离子，例如饮用水水质分析，高纯水的离子分析，矿泉水、雨水、各种废水和电厂水的分析，纸浆和漂白液的分析，食品分析，生物体液(尿和血等)中的离子测定，以及钢铁工业、环境保护等方面的应用。 涉及知识点：分析化学
2． 色谱检测限
正确答案：检测限系指试样在确定的实验条件下，被测物能被检测出的最低浓度或含量。它是限度检验效能指标，无需定量测定，只要指出高于或低于该规定浓度即可。 涉及知识点：分析化学
3． 定量限
正确答案：指样品被测物能测定的最低量，结果应具有一定准确度和精密度要求。 涉及知识点：分析化学
多项选择题下列各题的备选答案中，至少有一个是符合题意的，请选出所有符合题意的备选答案。
4． 表示色谱柱柱效的物理量是( )。
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编6 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
动物的权利问题——1997年英译汉及详解Do animals have rights? This is
how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.【F1】Actually, it isn’t, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human
rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to be sure,
it necessarily follows that animals have none.【F2】Some philosophers argue that
rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and
entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that
kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have
专业英语四级(语法与词汇)历年真题试卷汇编6(题后含答案及解析)
专业英语四级（语法与词汇）历年真题试卷汇编6 (题后含答案及解析)
题型有： 4. GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY
PART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)Directions: There are
thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases
marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
1． A(n)____shape has four straight sides at 90° to each other, two of which
are much longer than the other two.(2012-79)
A．square
B．oval
C．circular
D．oblong
正确答案：D
解析：此题考查学生各种形状的表达方式。由于考生对“oblong”比较生疏，可以根据题干意思用排除法解题。oblong表示“长方形的”。句意为“一个长方形有四条直边，90度的直角，其中两条比另两条长”。此外，rectangular也表示“长方形的，矩形的”。square指“正方形的，方形的”；oval则指“椭圆形的”，circular意为“圆形的”。另外，triangular表示“三角形的”。
2． I’d like to have a____word with his parents.(2012-80)
A．peaceful
B．quiet
C．silent
D．personal
正确答案：B
解析：quiet作定语用，表示“(行为等)暗中的，秘密的，未表露的”。句意为“我想和他的父母私下谈几句”，如：He may have some domestic problems；I’ll
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编32(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编32 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
探究科研领域的发展趋势——1996年英译汉及详解The differences in
relative growth of various areas of scientific research have several causes.【F1】Some
of these causes are completely reasonable results of social needs. Others are
reasonable consequences of particular advances in science being to some extent
self-accelerating. Some, however, are less reasonable processes of different growth in
which preconception of the form scientific theory ought to take, by persons in
authority, act to alter the growth pattern of different areas. This is a new problem
probably not yet unavoidable; but it is a frightening trend.【F2】This trend began
考研英语翻译历年真题试卷汇编33_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编33
(总分100, 做题时间180分钟)
翻译题
人类性格与行为形成的原因及影响
——1990年英译汉及详解
People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and
behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is
intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another
is competitive.
Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types
of questions.【F1】They want to explain why we possess certain
characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear
answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have
developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different
from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as
"nature vs. nurture".
【F2】Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe
that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编11(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编11 (题后含答案及解析)
全部题型 2. Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
萨皮尔一沃尔夫假说的形成——2004年英译汉及详解The relation of
language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries.【F1】The Greeks
assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of
thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages
could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were
very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward
Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America
during the first half of the twentieth century.【F2】We are obliged to them because
考研英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编6
考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编6
(总分：42.00，做题时间：90分钟)
一、 Reading Comprehension(总题数：5，分数：42.00)
1.Section II Reading Comprehension
__________________________________________________________________________________________
解析：
2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments
into Chinese.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
解析：
人类性格与行为形成的原因及影响 ——1990年英译汉及详解 People have wondered for a long time how
their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is
intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social
scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.【F1】 They want to
explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear
英译汉考研英语一历年真题
英译汉考研英语一历年真题
近年来，考研英语一试卷中的英汉互译部分一直是考生备考的难点之一。为了帮助考生更好地应对这个部分，本文将针对历年真题进行详细分析和解答。
一、2000年真题
1. Though inflation has been relatively low, we must be prepared for an
______ increase in price.
参考译文：尽管通货膨胀相对较低，但我们必须为价格的激增做好准备。
分析：根据题目中的"relatively low"，我们可以确定是要使用一个与之相对的形容词。此外，考虑到价格的激增，"dramatic" 是一个比较适合的选项。
2. The speech was characterized by ______ of usual political phrases.
参考译文：这篇演讲以非常的政治词藻为特点。
分析：根据句意，我们需要一个表示"very"或者"extremely"的副词，可以选用"abundance"。注意，这里的"usual"是指典型的、常见的、惯常的，在翻译时可根据具体语境进行取舍。
二、2003年真题
1. Instead of recognizing the things that led to the crisis, he _______
them. 参考译文：与其承认导致危机的事物，他选择了忽视它们。
分析：在翻译中，我们可以使用"ignore"或者"overlook"来表示"忽视"。注意，"them"指代的是导致危机的事物，我们需要在翻译时保持上下文的一致性。
2. The economic recession has ________ the unemployment rate in this
country.
参考译文：经济衰退使得这个国家的失业率增加了。
分析：根据句意，我们需要一个表示"增加"或"提高"的动词。可以选用"elevated"或"raised"。同时，注意句子结构的变化，在翻译时要保持句子的连贯性。