政治学专用词汇
政治学词汇
中国政治词汇
中国特色政治词汇一览爱国民主人士patriotic democratic personages创新型国家innovation- oriented nation粗放型经济增长extensive/inefficient mode of growth爱国统一战线patriotic united front法治政府law-based government安家费settling-in allowance改革攻坚tackle hard issues in the reform最低生活保障subsistence allowance优抚安置provide special assistance to entitled groups自主创新能力capacity for independent innovation经济适用房affordable housing按劳分配为主体distribution according to work remains dominant长治久安long-term stability社会保障体系social security system社会主义核心价值体系core socialist values社会主义荣辱观socialist concept of honor and disgrace安理会Security Council按揭贷款mortgage loan安居工程Comfortable Housing Project按劳分配distribution according to one's performance肝胆相照、荣辱与共be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of thecountry港人治港the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong可持续发展战略the strategy of sustainable development科教兴国战略the strategy of invigorating China through thedevelopment of science and education全国人民代表大会National People’s Congress(NPC)全国政协委员会member of the national committee of the CPPCC“三个代表”重要思想the important thought of Three Represents和平共处五项原则the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence“和平统一，一国两制”的方针the principle of “peaceful reunification” and “ onecountry, two system”互不侵犯mutual non-aggression互不干涉内政non-interference in each other’s internal affairs平等互利equality and mutual benefit求同存异seek common ground while shelving differences全方位外交multi-faceted/ multi-dimensional diplomacy全面合作伙伴关系comprehensive and cooperative partnership外交庇护diplomatic asylum贯彻百花齐放、百家争鸣的方针carry out the principle of letting a hundred flowersblossom and a hundred schools of thought contend司法公正judicial justice以人为本people oriented依法治国run the country according to the law拜金主义money worship白领工人white-collar worker公共服务和社会管理public services and administration和平统一大业great cause of peaceful reunification宏观调控macro-control安全专项整治carry out more special programs to address safetyproblems白皮书white paper保护生态环境preserve the ecological environment保护消费者合法权益protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers 保护主义protectionism包机 a chartered plane保税区the low-tax, tariff-free zone;bonded area; tax-protected zone保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life群众路线mass line解放和发展生产力release and develop productive forces解放思想emancipate people’s minds固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets政府工作报告report on the work of the government综合国力overall national strength自主创新independent innovation转变职能transform government functions共同繁荣shared/common prosperity民生people’s livelihood, people’s well-being基础设施建设construction of infrastructural facilities反腐倡廉anti-corruption bid指导思想guiding ideology全面建设小康社会build a moderately prosperous society in an all-around way科学发展观Scientific Outlook on Development扩大内须expand domestic demand惩防体系建设construction of anti-corruption system保障措施supporting measures治本effect a permanent cure分清职责affirmation of responsibility健全机构amplify necessary rules and regulations农民工migrant workers干部cadre行政许可administrative licensing南水北调South-to-North Water Diversion Project西部大开发战略western development strategy实事求是follow a realistic and pragmatic approach行政处罚administrative penalty监管supervision裁决arbitration领导班子leaderships权力下放delegate power to the lower levels投诉举报complaint and public tip-off同比增长growth on an annual basis环比增长sequential growth节能减排reduce carbon emission and save energy街道办事处sub-district office党工委party working committee管委会Management committee工业提速增效speed and efficiency raising in industrial section五项攻坚program of assault upon the 5 economic targets埋头苦干work with painstaking开拓奋进exploring and spurting重点领域突破breakthrough in key area重点工作创新innovation in critical work主要经济指标major economic indicators跨越式增长leap-forward development地区生产总值regional gross product地方级财政收入local financial revenue产业升级industrial upgrading产业园区industrial park社会事业social undertaking责任制responsibility system优化产业结构modify the industrial structure增量increment存量stock市政建设和管理urban construction and administration承载能力carrying capacity整体形象overall image污水处理sewage treatment居民可支配收入Per capita disposable income城乡居民urban and rural residents城乡公共就业服务体系urban and rural systems for providing public employmentservices城镇职工基本养老保险制度basic old-age insurance system for urban workers居住条件dwelling condition四位一体Four in One区委书记secretary of district party committee区长Chief Executive of District Government区直部门Departments Directly under the District Government 房地产税收一体化integration of real estate tax牵头部门initiate department责任部门responsible department第三产业tertiary industry战略性新兴产业strategic emerging industry产业核心竞争力Industry Core Competence人力资源和社会保障局bureau of human resource and social security基本公共服务体系basic public service system富民工程project of enriching the people幸福指数happiness index水利设施Water conservancy facilities防汛抗旱flood control and drought relief保障粮食生产secure the grain production完善配套功能perfect auxiliary facilities流域治理watershed management经济社会又好又快发展fast and fine economic and social development优化产业布局optimize the industrial layout夯实tamp节能减排energy saving and emission reduction生态绿色城市ecology green city拆迁办Administration of Urban House Dismantling andRelocation城管执法局Comprehensive Urban Management Enforcement信息调度 information scheduling区委组织部Organization Department of district party committee 区纪委district Commission for Discipline Inspection电子商务electronic commerce住建局bureau of housing and construction国土局Land and Resources Bureau国税局National Tax Bureau地税局Local Tax Bureau公安分局Branch Office of Public Security Bureau计生局Bureau of Family Planning林业局Bureau of Forestry药监局State Food and Drug Administration质监局Quality Control Bureau财政局Bureau of Finance农牧水利局Bureau of Agriculture Husbandry and Water Resource 住建局Bureau of Construction and Housing旅游办Administrative of Travel民政局Department of Civil Affairs教育局Bureau of Education文体局Bureau of Recreation and Sports卫生局Bureau of Health规划局Bureau of Planning影子银行shadow banking地方债务local debts产能过剩overcapacity体制机制障碍institutional obstacles财税体制fiscal and tax systems市场化改革market-oriented reform人民币资本项目可兑换the convertibility of the RMB under capital account简政放权streamline government and delegate powers多元平衡diversified, balanced攻坚期和深水区the deep water zone where tough challenges must bemet都是难啃的硬骨头They are hard nuts to crack.增长联动、利益融合interconnected growth and converging interests硬着陆hard landing博鳌亚洲论坛the Boao Forum for Asia生肖循环zodiac cycle乘势而上keep with the trend of times就要不断爬坡过坎there will inevitably come one challenge after another. 彩虹往往出现在风雨之后Rainbow often appears after wind and rain.“引进来”和“走出去”“bring in”foreign investment and encourage companies to“go global”以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系technological innovation which is led by enterprises and guided by the market and which integrates the efforts of enterprises, universities and research institutes.任何一项事业,都需要远近兼顾、深谋远虑, 杀鸡取卵、涸泽而渔的发展是不会长久的。
政治学专业单词
Public sphere公共领域Private sphere 私人领域Good governance 善治Goodness 善Comparative history比较历史研究Overview 概要Key issues核心问题Robert.A.Dahl罗伯特.达尔City-state城市国家Politics政治学Monarchy君主制Oligarchy寡头制Democracy民主制The exercise of power 实现权力The exercise of authority实施权威The making of collective decisions 集体政策The allocation of scarce resource 分配稀缺资源The practise of deception and manipulation 实施阴谋和操纵计划David easton戴维.伊斯顿The authoritative allocation of power 价值的权威性分配Cabinet 内阁Legislative chambers 立法机关Governmental department 政府部门Politicians 政治家Civilservants 公务员Lobbyists 说客Nonpolitical非政治的Nation-state民族国家Governance 治理Anti-politics 反政治Office politics办公室政治Politicking 拉选票Power tends to corrupt，and absolute power corrupts absolutely 权力倾向于腐化，绝对的权力意味着绝对的腐化Social-contract theorists 社会契约论Civil society市民社会Personal个人领域Political政治领域Aristotle亚里士多德Jean-jacques Rousseau 卢梭The generall will 公意Power强力Debate辩论Arbitration 仲裁A wild dispersal of power广泛的权力分布Intimidation 肋、迫Superstructure 上层社会The politics of everyday life 日常中的政治生活Class struggle 阶级斗争The personal is political 个人就是政治Plato柏拉图Policy-making process 政策制定过程Political structure 政治结构The power of church 教会权力The secular power of the monarchs 国王世俗权力Feudalism封建主义The Church of Rome 罗马教会Renaissance文艺复兴Protestant Reformation 宗教改革Social contract社会契约论Constitutional monarchy 君主立宪Popular sovereignty 人民主权Positivism实证主义Socialism社会主义Communism 共产主义Liberal-democracy自由民主理论Utilitarianism 功利主义Neo-liberalism 新自由主义Neo-conservatism 新保守主义Existentialism 存在主义Neo-Marxism新马克思主义Behaviorism行为主义Limited Government 有限政府Civil Society市民社会Individual freedom 个人自由Totalitarianism 极权主义Anarchism 无政府主义Public-choice theory 公共选择理论Rational-choice theory 理想选择理论Individualism 个人主义Meritocracy知识精英Collectivism集体主义Legal right法律权利Moral right道德权利Human right 人权Natural right自然权利God-given right 天赋权利Communities 社团Communitarianism 社群主义Foundational equality 根本平等Formal equality 形式平等Equality of opportunity 机会平等Equality of outcome 结果平等Conservatives 保守主义Fascists法西斯主义Autonomy 自治“Government of the people，by the people，and for the people” 林肯的民主解释Mob rule暴民政治Idealistic approach理想主义途径Empirical approach经验主义途径Classical democratic theory 古典民主理论Elitism democratic theory 精英民主理论Radical democracy 激进民主Participatory democracy 参与民主Direct participate democracy 直接参与民主Representative democracy 代议制民主Pluralism democracy多元主义民主Totalitarianism 极权主义Authoritarianism 权威主义Anarchism 无政府主义Socialism社会主义Ecologism生态主义Religious fundamentalism 宗教原教旨主义Feudalism封建主义Absolutism绝对主义Legitimacy 合法性Written constitution 成文宪法一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords马歹U主义Marxism—Leninism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶专政Dictatorship of the proletariat专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’ s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由裁量权Discretion自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism彳亍政Administration行政机关Executives多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯MadisonJames苏格拉底Socrates否决权Veto投票Voting投票率Turnout财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community 社团主义Corporatism社会民主主义Social democracy责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政变Coup D’ etat政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行为研究Political behaviou政治权力Political power政治局(及常务委员会)Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integratio政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies贵族/贵族制Aristocracy看守政府Caretaker government选民登记Registration of electors选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid保守党Conservative parties4修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress总统，总统制President/Presidential system宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism格劳修斯Grotius恩格斯Engels爱国主义Patriotism竞争性政党制度Competitive party system阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism宽容Toleration基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization常设委员会Standing committee唯心主义Idealism第二院，上议院Second chambers殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers 斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories 霍布斯Hobbes激进政党Radical parties主义Holism辩证法Dialectic中国外交政策和国际关系 概述 General Terms多极化 multipolarity国家主权 national sovereignty维持外交关系 maintain diplomatic relations 维护世界和平 safeguard world peace武装冲突 armed conflict把自己的意志强加于人 imposeone's own will on others霸权主义和强权政治hegemonism and power politics 保卫国家主权和民族资源 safeguard national sovereignty and national resources status quo of the boundary never to attach any conditions ， with no strings attached non-aligned countries / policy take concerted steps permanent representative Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS)发展和平友好，平等互利，长期稳定的关系develop relations of peace and friendship , equality and mutual benefit , and prolonged stability 高层次，全方位的对话 high-level and all-directional dialogue公认的国际关系原贝 U generally-accepted principles of international relations公正合理的国际政治经济新秩序a fair and rational new international political and economic order 国际关系的准则 norms governing international relations 国际关系中最起码的准则 rudimentary code of international relations 国际惯例 international common practice国家不分大小，应该一律平等All countries , big or small , should be equal捍卫国家主权，领土完整和民族尊严safeguard national sovereignty , territorial integrity , and national dignity 和平共处五项原则 the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence互谅互让 mutual understanding and mutual accommodation互通有无 exchange of needed goods抗美援朝战争 War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea联络处 liaison office领土管辖权 territorial jurisdiction领土毗连 territorial contiguity流血冲突 bloody conflict民间夕卜交 people-to-people diplomacy南北对话 South-North dialogue南南合作 South-South cooperation贫穷国家 impoverished nation全方位外交 multi-faceted diplomacy伸张正义，主持公道 adhere to principles and uphold justice神圣不可侵犯 sacred and inviolable边界现状不附带任何条件不结盟国家/政策 采取协调行动 常驻代表 独联体国家审视度势size up the situation 诉诸武力或以武力相威胁 resort to the use or threat of force 夕卜交使团diplomatic mission 夕卜交政策的基石 cornerstone of a country's foreign policy 维持外交关系 maintain diplomatic relations维护人权和不断改善人权状况safeguard human rights and steadily improve the human rights situation维护世界和平 safeguard world peace无中生有make/create something out of nothing 武装冲突 armed conflict削减战略核武器会谈 strategic arms reduction talks (START )用和平手段解决争端solve disputes by peaceful means 正式照会formal note 中立国neutral state 中美联合公报 Sino-US joint communique互相尊重，求同存异adhere to the principle of mutual respect and seek common ground while shelving differences 度假外交 holiday-making diplomacy弹性外交 elastic diplomacy民间夕卜交 people-to-people diplomacy国际组织CommunityCaribbean Common MarketCaribbean community, CARICOMCentral American Market, CACM CommunauteEconomique de l'Afrique l'Ouest, CEAO 共同体 加勒比共同市场 加勒比共同体 中美洲共同市场 de 西非经济共同体，East African Community, EAC,东非共同体and Central African Countries （东非和中非国家首脑会议） Islamic Conference Economic Community of West States, ECOWASEuropean Common MarketEuropean Economic Community, EEC French Community Conference Arab Summit ConferenceAfrican 西非国豕经济共同体 欧洲共同市场 欧洲经济共同体 法兰西共同体 会议 阿拉伯首脑会议Conference of Heads of State and Government of 不结盟国家和政府首脑会议（不结盟国 Non-Aligned Countries 家会议） Assembly of the Heads of State and Government of the Organization of African Unity非洲国家和政府会议 Conference of Developing Countries (the 77-nation group) 开发中国家会议（七十七国集团） Conference of Heads of State and Government of East 东非和中非国家元首和政府首脑会议 伊斯兰会议CouncilAsian and Pacific Council, ASPAC Australia, New Zealand, United States Organization Council, ANZUSNordic CouncilWorld Peace CouncilConfederationInternational Confederation of Free Union, ICFTUWorld Confederation of Labor, WCL World Federation of Trade Unions, WFTU World Federation of United理事会亚洲太平洋地区理事会“既"澳新美理事会北欧理事会世界和平理事会联合会Trade国际自由工会联合会世界劳工联合会世界工会联合会NationsAssociations, WFUNAAssociationAssociation of South East Asian Nations, ASEANEuropean Broadcasting Union, EBUEuropean Free Trade Association, EFTA International Cooperative Alliance, ICA Inter-Parliamentary Union, IPU League of Arab States (Arab League) Western European Union, WEU AssociationAfro-Asian Journalists' AssociationAfro-Asian Writers' AssociationEuropean Community of WritersInternational Committee of the Red Cross, ICRC International Organization of Journalists, IOJ International PenInternational Red Cross Conference, IRCCLeague of Red Cross Societies, LRCS Universal Esperanto Association, UEA BankAfrican Development Bank, AFDBAsian Development Bank, ADBCaribbean Development Bank, CDBEuropean Investment Bank, CDBInter-American Development Bank, IADBInternational Bank for Economic Co-operation, IBEC Islamic Development Bank, IDB World Bank Organization Andean Pact Organization (Andean group), ANCOM European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN 联合国协会世界联合会联盟东南亚国家联盟（东盟）欧洲广播联盟欧洲自由贸易联盟国际合作社联盟各国议会联盟阿拉伯国家联盟西欧联盟协会亚非新闻工作者协会亚非作家协会欧洲作家协会红十字国际委员会国际新闻工作者协会国际笔会国际红十字大会红十字会协会国际世界语协会银行非州开发银行亚洲开发银行加勒比开发银行欧洲投资银行美洲开发银行国际经济合作银行伊斯兰开发银行世界银行组织安第斯条约组织（安第斯集团）欧洲核研究组织International Radio and Television Organization, OIRT 国际广播电视组织International Telecommunication Consortium, INTELSATNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO Organization of African Unity, OAUOrganization of American States, OASSatellite 国际通讯卫星组织 北大西洋公约组织（北约）非洲统一组织美洲国家组织Petroleum Exporting^,,，上一、，工人,阿拉伯石油输出国组织Organization of central American States Organization of the Islamic Conference,OCASPetroleum Exporting石油输出国组织（欧佩克）国际关系protectorate asylumforntier region, border region boundary negotiationstatus quo of the boundary never to attach any conditions non-aligned countries patrimonial sea consultations the third world imperialism200-nauticalmile maritime rights developing countries dependency plebiscitegenerally-accepted principles of international relations joint actionnormalization of relations an established principle of international lawrudimentary code of international relations international watersinternational situationmerger of states national boundary maritime resources mutual understanding and mutual accommodation exchange of needed goods fundamental rightsreduction or cancellation of debts Near Eastright of residenceOrganization of Arab Countries, OAPEC中美洲国家组织伊斯兰会议组织Organization of the Countries, OPEC （被）保护国庇护;避难边界地区 边界谈判 边界现状 不附带任何条件 不结盟国家 承袭海 磋商 第三世界 帝国主义 二百海里海洋权 发展中国家 附庸国公民投票 公认的国际关系原则 共同行动 关系正常化 国际法准则国际关系中最起码的准则 国际水域 国际形势 国家合并 国界 海洋资源 互谅互让 互通有无 基本权利 减轻债务负担arms dealer, merchant of deathterritorial sealimits of territorial seabreadth of territorial seaterritorial airterritorial watersinalienability of territoryterritorial jurisdictionterritorial contiguityterritorial integrityrefugee campcountry of one's residencecomplete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons people-to-people contacts and exchangessacred and inviolableecocidepractical, efficient, economical and convenient for usebilateral and multilateral economic cooperationbilateral tradedual nationalitytrusteeshipouter spacesole legal governmentloans with no or low interestcolonialism and neo-colonialismdelayed repayment of capital and interestextraditionZionismfriendly exchangesdisputed areasfishery resourcespolitical offenderpolitical fugitiveMiddle East, Mideastneutral state, neutral countryneutralized stateapartheid, racial segregationgenocidesovereign stateexclusive economic zonesuzerain state, metropolitan statesuzeraintyto maintain neutralityto safeguard national sovereignty and national resources 军火商领海领海范围领海宽度领空领水领土的不可割让性领土管辖权领土毗连领土完整难民营侨居国全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器人民之间的联系和交流神圣不可侵犯生态灭绝实用，有效，廉价，方便双边和多边经济合作双边贸易双重国籍托管制度外层空间唯一合法政府无息和低息贷款新老殖民主义延期还本付息引渡犹太复国主义友好往来有争议的地区渔业资源政治犯政治逃犯中东中立国永久中立国种族隔离种族灭绝主权国家专属经济区宗主国宗主权保持中立保卫国家主权和民族资源to take concerted stepsto undertake obligations in respect of the nuclear-free zone to develop relations of peace and friendship, equality and mutual发展和平友好、平等互利、benefit, and prolonged stability to develop the national economy to peddle munitionsAll countries, big or small, should be equal. to establish normal state relationsto seek a fair and reasonable solutionto make up for each other's deficienciesto negotiate through diplomatic channels 长期稳定的关系发展民族经济贩卖军火国家不分大小，应该一律平等建立正常的国家关系求得公平合理的解决取长补短通过外交途径进行谈判to safeguard national independence and the integrity of sovereignty 维护国家独立和主权完整to safeguard world peaceto solve disputes by peaceful meansin consideration of the actual conditions 维护世界和平用和平手段解决争端照顾现实情况采取协调行动对无核区承担义务。
政治易混词汇
政治易混词汇1.我国的最基本国情：我国正处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段。
2.建设中国特色社会主义的总依据：社会主义初级阶段。
3.我国社会主要矛盾：人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产力之间的矛盾。
4.中国特色社会主义理论体系：包括邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想、科学发展观在内的科学理论体系。
5.党的基本路线核心内容：以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放。
6.兴国之要/根本要求：以经济建设为中心。
7.立国之本/政治基石：四项基本原则。
8.强国之路/活力源泉：改革开放。
9.兴国之魂/社会主义意识形态本质体现：社会主义核心价值体系。
10.根本一条：毫不动摇地坚持党在社会主义初级阶段的基本路线。
11.党和国家的生命线：党的基本路线。
12.基本政治制度：民族区域自治制度。
13.根本政治制度：人民代表大会制度。
14.基本经济制度：公有制为主体，多种所有制经济共同发展。
15.分配制度：按劳分配为主体，多种分配方式并存的分配制度，健全劳动、资本、技术、管理等生产要数按贡献参与分配的制度。
例：国有企业上班（按劳分配），外资（按劳动要素分配），炒股（按资本要素分配）16.“一国两制”基本方针：一个国家，两种制度。
17.两岸关系和平发展政治基础：坚持一个中国原则。
18.基本国策：对外开放；计划生育；节约资源，保护环境。
19.我国发展的根本基点（对外开放）:独立自主，自力更生。
20.人口国情：我国是世界上人口最多的国家。
21.资源国情：总量大、种类多，但人均资源占有量少、开发难度大、总体上资源紧缺。
22.教育国情：书P63。
23.发展战略：可持续发展战略；科教兴国战略。
24.社会主义现代化的根本大计/建设创新型国家的必然要求：发展科技教育。
25.中华文化的特点：博大精深、源远流长。
26.中华文化的品质：生生不息、历久弥新、与时俱进。
27.民族精神的核心：爱国主义。
28.民族精神的内容：团结统一、爱好和平、勤劳勇敢、自强不息。
重要政治词汇汇总
重要政治词汇汇总
以下是重要的政治词汇汇总：
1. 政权：指掌握国家政权的权力机构。
2. 政治体制：指国家或地区的政治组织和运行方式，如民主制度、共和制度、独裁制度等。
3. 政党：指致力于获取政治权力或影响力的组织集团，代表一定的政治意识形态。
4. 政府：指国家的执政机构，负责管理国家事务、维护社会秩序和提供公共服务。
5. 国家：指独立的政治实体，具有主权和领土完整性。
6. 国际关系：指各个国家之间的政治、经济、文化、军事等方面的相互关系。
7. 民主：指人民通过选举、表决等形式参与国家政治决策的制度和价值观。
8. 独裁：指由一人或少数人统治的政治制度，缺乏民主和普遍人权。
9. 社会主义：指追求公有制和社会平等的政治意识形态。
10. 自由主义：指追求个人自由权利和市场经济的政治意识形
态。
11. 共产主义：指追求无产阶级革命和建立无阶级社会的政治理念。
12. 法治：指国家和社会的行为受法律限制和规范的原则和体制。
13. 司法独立：指司法机构在法律约束下独立行使审判权的原则和制度。
14. 国会：指国家立法机关，代表公民利益，制定法律和监督政府。
15. 总统：指国家的最高行政首脑，通常由选举产生。
16. 选举：指人民通过投票选出代表候选人或政党的过程。
17. 国际组织：指由多个国家组成的组织，用于合作解决共同问题。
18. 军队：指国家的武装力量，用于维护国家安全和执行国家政策。
19. 政治经济学：研究政治和经济之间相互影响的学科。
20. 公民权利：指公民享有的个人权利和自由，如言论自由、宗教自由等。
政治学专用词汇
政治学专用词汇政治学专用词汇一画一画一院制一院制Unicameral 一党制国家一党制国家One —party States 二画二画人权人权Human rights 人权宣言人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 三画三画工会工会Trade unions 下议院下议院House of Commons 上议院上议院House of Lords 个人主义个人主义Individualism 女权主义女权主义Feminism 马列主义马列主义Marxism —Leninism 马克思主义马克思主义Marxism 马基雅维里主义马基雅维里主义Machiavelli 四画四画王权王权Crown 无产阶级无产阶级Proletariat 无产阶级专政无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义无政府主义Anarchism 专制专制Despotism 专制政府/绝对专制主义绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权分权Separation of powers 公共行政公共行政Public administration 公民权利公民权利Civil rights 公民自由公民自由Civil liberties 五画五画正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government 立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democraticcentralism 民意测验Opinion polls六画六画共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women ’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives行政委员会Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class七画七画麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权V eto投票V oting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy八画八画责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law 法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism九画九画封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D ’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process 政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee 政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium) 政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence 独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism 独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system 总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability十画十画恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change 候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system 竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury十一画十一画理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy十二画十二画殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d ’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer ’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting十三画十三画鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party十四画十四画僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter十五画十五画影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine十六画十六画霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties十七画十七画整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 十九画十九画警察Police警察国家Police state政治学专用词汇政治学专用词汇 一画一画一院制一院制Unicameral 一党制国家一党制国家One —party States 二画二画人权人权Human rights 人权宣言人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 三画三画工会工会Trade unions 下议院下议院House of Commons 上议院上议院House of Lords 个人主义个人主义Individualism 女权主义女权主义Feminism 马列主义马列主义Marxism —Leninism 马克思主义马克思主义Marxism 马基雅维里主义马基雅维里主义Machiavelli 四画四画 王权王权Crown 无产阶级无产阶级Proletariat 无产阶级专政无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat 无政府主义无政府主义Anarchism 专制专制Despotism 专制政府/绝对专制主义绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权分权Separation of powers 公共行政公共行政Public administration 公民权利公民权利Civil rights 公民自由公民自由Civil liberties 五画五画正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party 代表Delegate代议员Representative 代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation 主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society 市（镇）长Major 立宪主义Constitutionalism 立宪政体Constitutional govenment 立法机关Legislatures 立法否决Legislative veto 立法委员会Legislative committees 立法起草Legislative drafting 半总统制Semi-presidential systems 议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system 司法机构Judiciary 司法行政官Magistrate 司法审查Judicial review 民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democraticcentralism 民意测验Opinion polls 六画六画共产党Communist Parties 共和国Republic机构/制度Institution 权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights 权威Authority妇女选举权Women ’s suffrage 地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government 地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics 同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Groups theory 邦联Confederation 邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Bahaviouralism行政Administation行政机关Executives行政委员会Administrative board 行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court 州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government 多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class七画七画麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James 苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权V eto投票V oting投票率Turnout护宪Entrechment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation 利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy 社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy八画八画责任Reseponsibility责任政府Responsible government 直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament 欧洲共同体European Community 歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience 非暴力行为Non-violent action 制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law 法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion 审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism九画九画封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution 政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D ’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process 政府首脑Head of government 政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation 政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology 政治发展Political development 政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium) 政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output sdudies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker goverrnment选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election programme选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties 保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency 独立宣言Declaration of Independence 独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism 独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution 美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system 总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent 宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional Law宪法规约Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings 费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义绝对专制主义统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability十画十画恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯engels缺席投票Absence voting 特权Prerogative 特许状Charter 秘密警察Secrect police 倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change 候选人选择candidate selection 爱国主义Patriotism 被保护国Protectorate 竞争性政党制度Competitive party system 竞选运动Election campaign 部门Department 部长，部Minister/Ministry 部长会议Council of Ministers 准司法Quasi-judicial 准-=非政府组织Quango 资历制Seniority 资产阶级Bourgeoisie 资本主义Capitalism 浮动投票人Floating vote 浪漫主义Romanticism 宽容Toleration 家长型控制Paternalism 调查委员会Select committee 预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting 陪审团Jury十一画十一画理性Rationality 理性选择方法Rational choice 教权主义Clericalism 教会与国家Church and State 基本权利Fundamental right 基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation 授权立法Delegated legislation 授权学说Mandate theory 常设委员会Standing committee 累计投票Comulative vote 唯心主义Iealism 领导Leadership 第二院，上议院Second chambers 康德Kant混合政府Mixed government 弹劾Impeachment 隐私Privacy十二画十二画 殖民统治Colonial government 联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy 联合国United Nations 联邦制Federalism 联邦党人文集Federalist Papers 联盟，联合League 超载Overload 超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity 斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza 斯密，亚当Smith,Adam 最低下限Droop quota 最高行政法院Conseil d ’AEtat 最高法院Supreme court 黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories 等级Estates集体主义Collectivism 集体行动Collective action 集体领导Collective leadership 集合理论Coalition theory 街区选举，集团投票Block vote 普通法Common law 游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer ’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting 十三画十三画鼓励性行动Affirmative action 路德，马丁Luther,Martin 解散议会Dissolution of parliament 意识形态Ideology 新左派New Left 新右派New Right 新政New deal 新教政党Protestant parties 福利国家Welfare state 群众性政党Mass membership party 十四画十四画僭主制/暴政Tyranny 寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism 精英理论Doctrine of elites 腐败选区Rotten borough 弊政Maladministration 熊彼特Schumpeter 十五画十五画 影子内阁Shadow cabinet 暴力Violence 潘恩Paine 十六画十六画 霍布斯Hobbes 穆勒Mill 激进主义Radicalism 激进政党Radical parties 十七画十七画 整体主义Holism 辩证法Dialectic 辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 十九画十九画 警察Police 警察国家Police state。
政治学专业英语词汇
政治学专业英语词汇一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations 分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties正义Justice平等Equality可审判性Justiciability奴隶制Slavery执政党Dominant party在野党out-party 代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power 权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting 团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation 自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives政委员Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal 行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制，多头政治Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government 多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison, James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票Voting 投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech, expression, and the press社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy责任Responsibility 责任政府Responsible government 直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas 欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state 国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state 非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity 政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics 政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium)政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration 政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能functions of Parties政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college 选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence 独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism 独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution 宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism 神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman 党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization 职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government 弹劾Impeachment 隐私Privacy殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government 博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin 斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith, Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament 意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration 熊彼特Schumpeter影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill 黑格尔Hegal激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 警察Police警察国家Police state。
政治敏感词汇库
政治敏感词汇库政治敏感词汇是指在特定的政治语境下，容易引发争议、敏感或者有潜在负面影响的词汇。
这些词汇在社交媒体、新闻报道、公众演讲等场合都需要谨慎使用，因为它们往往涉及到政治、国家、种族、宗教、历史等敏感话题，容易引发争议和争端。
下面是一些常见的政治敏感词汇以及相关的参考内容。
1. 民族主义（Nationalism）民族主义是一种将民族利益置于一切之上的政治思潮。
尽管在一定程度上认同与支持自己民族的意识有其正当性，但过度的民族主义可能导致国际关系紧张、种族歧视等问题。
在使用民族主义一词时，应该对其背后可能引发的意识形态和意义进行客观分析。
2. 民主（Democracy）民主是一种政治体制和价值观，强调政权归属于人民，并通过选举、舆论自由等方式实现政治决策的公众参与。
然而，在实际操作中，民主体制也面临着选举腐败、权力滥用等问题。
因此，在讨论民主时，应该注意两面性和多样性。
3. 集权（Centralization）集权是指国家或政府将权力集中于中央政府的一种制度安排。
集权制度有利于实施全国统一政策和稳定秩序，但也可能导致权力过度集中、地方自治受限等问题。
在讨论集权时，应该充分权衡集权和权力分散之间的利弊。
4. 人权（Human Rights）人权是指个人在社会、政治和法律层面享有的基本权利和自由。
然而，在不同的文化和政治体系中，对人权的理解和实践存在差异。
在讨论人权时，应该尊重不同文化和政治背景下的权益平衡和多样性。
5. 恐怖主义（Terrorism）恐怖主义是指通过暴力手段向平民传递政治、宗教或意识形态的信息，以达到社会或政治变革的目地。
然而，恐怖主义的定义和评判标准因时代和地域而异。
在讨论恐怖主义时，应该注意避免简单化、情绪化的表述，理性分析恐怖主义的动因和解决办法。
6. 政治正确（Political Correctness）政治正确是指在公共场合中使用言辞和行为避免冒犯或歧视特定群体的做法。
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政治学专用词汇一画一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States二画人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 三画工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli四画王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties五画正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional government立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls六画共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Group theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Behaviouralism行政Administration行政机关Executives行政委员会Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class七画麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票V oting投票率Turnout护宪Entrenchment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy八画责任Responsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism九画封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee 政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium) 政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output studies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker government选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election program选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义Absolutism统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability十画恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯Engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secret police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准--非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury十一画理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Cumulative vote唯心主义Idealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy十二画殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories 等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization 强制性投票Compulsory voting十三画鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament 意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party 十四画僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter十五画影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine十六画霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties十七画整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism十九画警察Police警察国家Police state政治学专用词汇一画一院制Unicameral一党制国家One—party States二画人权Human rights人权宣言Declarations of the Rights of Man and the Citizen 三画工会Trade unions下议院House of Commons上议院House of Lords个人主义Individualism女权主义Feminism马列主义Marxism—Leninism马克思主义Marxism马基雅维里主义Machiavelli四画王权Crown无产阶级Proletariat无产阶级专政Dictatorship of the proletariat无政府主义Anarchism专制Despotism专制政府/绝对专制主义Absolute government/absolutism 中央与地方的关系Central/Local relations分权Separation of powers公共行政Public administration公民权利Civil rights公民自由Civil liberties五画正义Justice可审判性Justiciability平等Equality奴隶制Slavery占统治地位的党Dominant party代表Delegate代议员Representative代议制政府Representative government 代表制Representation主权Sovereignty市民社会Civil society市（镇）长Major立宪主义Constitutionalism立宪政体Constitutional govenment立法机关Legislatures立法否决Legislative veto立法委员会Legislative committees立法起草Legislative drafting半总统制Semi-presidential systems议长Speaker议会制度Parliamentary system司法机构Judiciary司法行政官Magistrate司法审查Judicial review民主Democracy民主党Democratic Party民主集中制Democratic centralism民意测验Opinion polls六画共产党Communist Parties共和国Republic机构/制度Institution权力Power权利Rights权利法案Bill of rights权威Authority妇女选举权Women’s suffrage地方长官Prefect地方政府Local government地方政府财政Local government finance 地方政治Local politics同意Consent同意投票Approval voting团体理论Groups theory邦联Confederation邦联条例Articles of Confederation自由Freedom自由党Liberal parties自由裁量权Discretion自决Self-determination自治Self-government自治领Dominion行为主义Bahaviouralism行政Administation行政机关Executives行政委员会Administrative board行政法庭Administrative tribunal行政法院Administrative court州长Governor多元主义Pluralism多元社会Plural society多头制Polyarchy多数派政府Majority government多数统治Majority rule决策Decision making决策理论Decision theory农奴制Serfdom阶层/阶级Class七画麦迪逊，詹姆斯Madison,James苏格拉底Socrates极权主义Totalitarianism否决权Veto投票V oting投票率Turnout护宪Entrechment财产权Property利益Interests利益表达与聚合Interest articulation and aggregation利益集团Interest group言论，表达和出版自由Freedom of speech,expression,and the press 社区/共同体Community社团主义Corporatism社会主义Socialism社会民主主义Social democracy社会契约论Social contract君主制Monarchy八画责任Reseponsibility责任政府Responsible government直接民主Direct democracy直接行动Direct action杰斐逊，托马斯Jefferson,Thomas欧洲议会European Parliament欧洲共同体European Community歧视Discrimination国际法International Law国家State国家元首Head of state国家消亡Withering away of the state国家财政危机Fiscal crisis of the state非暴力反抗Civil disobedience非暴力行为Non-violent action制定法Statute Law制衡Checks and balance委任Patronage委员会Commission质询Interpellation法Law法令Act法官Judge法治Rule of law法律的正当程序Due process of law法案，议案Bill宗教自由Freedom of religion审判Adjudication审查制度Censorship官僚制/官僚Bureaucracy实证主义Positivism九画封建主义Feudalism革命和反革命Revolution and counter-revolution政体Polity政纲platform政变Coup D’etat政府Government政府组成过程Government formation process政府首脑Head of government政府调查Public inquiry政治Politics政治义务Political obligation政治文化Political culture政治中的种族问题Race in politics政治心理学Political psychology政治发展Political development政治行动委员会（美国）Political action committee政治行为研究Political behaviour政治地理学Political geography政治权力Political power政治局（及常务委员会）Politburo(and Pesidium) 政治沟通Political communication政治体系/政治系统Political system政治参与Political participation政治财政Political finance政治科学Political science政治社会化Political socialization政治社会学Political sociology政治学的定量方法Quantitative methods in politics 政治态度Political attitudes政治腐败Political corruption政治继承Political succession政治理论Political theory政治暴力Political violence政治影响Political influence政治整合/政治一体化Political integration政党分赃制Spoils system政党认同Party identification政党代表大会Party convention政党功能Parties,political:functions of政党组织Party organization政党核心集团Machine政党秘密会议Caucus政策分析Policy analysis政策实施Implementation政策输出研究Policy output sdudies城市政府City government城邦国家City state贵族/贵族制Aristocracy思想库Think tank看守政府Caretaker goverrnment选区Constituency选民登记Registration of electors选择投票Ticket-splitting选择领导Leadership selection选举Elections选举团Electoral college选举纲领Election programme选举制度Electoral system选票Ballot重农主义Physiocracy重划选区Redistribution重商主义Mercantilism种族灭绝Genocide种族主义Racism种族隔离Apartheid顺从Deference保守主义Conservatism保守党Conservative parties保护主义Clientelism修正主义Revisionism独立机构Independent agency独立宣言Declaration of Independence独裁主义，权威主义Authoritarianism独裁制Autocracy帝国Empire帝国主义Imperialism美国革命American Revolution美国国会Congress美国辉格党Whig:U.S.首相（总理）/首相（总理）制政府Prime minister/Prime ministerial government 总统，总统制President/Presidential system总罢工General strike总督Governor-General派别Faction咨询和同意Advice and consent宣传Propaganda宪法Constitutional Law宪法规约Convention of the constitution宪法/宪政Constitution/constitutionalism神权政治Theocracy神授王权Divine right of kings费边主义Fabianism绝对专制主义统治阶级Ruling class统治能力Governability十画恐怖Terror恐怖主义Terrorism格劳修斯Grotius监护Tutelage监察专员Ombudsman党派首领Boss罢免Recall恩格斯engels缺席投票Absence voting特权Prerogative特许状Charter秘密警察Secrect police倒台与政权更迭Breakdown and regime change 候选人选择candidate selection爱国主义Patriotism被保护国Protectorate竞争性政党制度Competitive party system竞选运动Election campaign部门Department部长，部Minister/Ministry部长会议Council of Ministers准司法Quasi-judicial准-=非政府组织Quango资历制Seniority资产阶级Bourgeoisie资本主义Capitalism浮动投票人Floating vote浪漫主义Romanticism宽容Toleration家长型控制Paternalism调查委员会Select committee预算，预算编制Budget/Budgeting陪审团Jury十一画理性Rationality理性选择方法Rational choice教权主义Clericalism教会与国家Church and State基本权利Fundamental right基层党组织Primary party organization职能代表Functional representation授权立法Delegated legislation授权学说Mandate theory常设委员会Standing committee累计投票Comulative vote唯心主义Iealism领导Leadership第二院，上议院Second chambers康德Kant混合政府Mixed government弹劾Impeachment隐私Privacy十二画殖民统治Colonial government联合，联合政府Coalition/Coalition government 联合民主Consociational democracy联合国United Nations联邦制Federalism联邦党人文集Federalist Papers联盟，联合League超载Overload超国家政府Supranational government博爱Fraternity斯大林Stalin斯宾诺莎Spinoza斯密，亚当Smith,Adam最低下限Droop quota最高行政法院Conseil d’AEtat最高法院Supreme court黑格尔Hegal辉格党与托利党Whigs and Tories等级Estates集体主义Collectivism集体行动Collective action集体领导Collective leadership集合理论Coalition theory街区选举，集团投票Block vote普通法Common law游说Lobbying雇主组织Employer’s organization强制性投票Compulsory voting十三画鼓励性行动Affirmative action路德，马丁Luther,Martin解散议会Dissolution of parliament意识形态Ideology新左派New Left新右派New Right新政New deal新教政党Protestant parties福利国家Welfare state群众性政党Mass membership party十四画僭主制/暴政Tyranny寡头制Oligarchy寡头政治铁律Iron law of oligarchy 精英，精英主义Elites,Elitism精英理论Doctrine of elites腐败选区Rotten borough弊政Maladministration熊彼特Schumpeter十五画影子内阁Shadow cabinet暴力Violence潘恩Paine十六画霍布斯Hobbes穆勒Mill激进主义Radicalism激进政党Radical parties十七画整体主义Holism辩证法Dialectic辩证唯物主义Dialectical materialism 十九画警察Police警察国家Police state。