人教版九年级英语(上学期)期末试卷(含答案)
九年级上期英语期末测试题姓名_________学号__________成绩：（全卷满分：150分；考试时间：120分钟）一、听力部分（共30分）（一）听句子，选出句子中所包含的信息（每小题1分，共5分）( )1. A. peasants B. presents C. parents D. parent( )2. A. past B. passed C. pass D. parts( )3. A. interested B. favorite C. different D. inportant( )4. A. look worried B. be worried C. feel worried D. worry about( )5. A. June 16.,1986 B. July 8,1986 C. June 18,1986 D. July 16,1988（二）听句子，选出该句的最佳答语（每小题1分，共5分）( )6. A. Quite well. B. I’d love to. C. They’re busy. ( )7. A. No, thanks. B. I want more dumplings. C. I don’t like it at all.( )8. A. Yes, I know. B. Sorry, I don’t know. C. The nearest post office is very big.( )9. A. I’ve just drunk it. B. I don’t know. C. I’ve just eaten it.( )10. A. Yes, please. B. Have a good time. C. That’s kind of you.（三）听对话和问题，选择最佳答案（每小题2分，共10分）( )11. A. She has gone to her hometown.B. She is returning from her hometown.C. She is leaving for her hometown.( )12. A. Yes, I can. B. No, I can’t C. Yes, I do.( )13. A. Oliver. B. Tom C. Mike.( )14. A. At 6:35. B. At 5:55 C. At 5:45.( )15. A. Very good. B. Quite interesting. C. Not good. （四）听短文，选出最佳答案（每小题2分，共10分）16. How old was Mike ?A. Over ten.B. Less than ten.C. Ten.D. About ten.17. Did Mike like doing his homework ?( )A. No, he didn’t like doing it.B. Yes, he did it himself.C. Yes, and he did it well.D. Yes, he enjoyed doing it.18. Why was the teacher pleased and surprised ?( )A. Mike made a lot of mistakes.B. Mike didn’t do his homework at all.C. Mike didn’t finish his homework.D. Mike did all his exercises right.19. How did Mike do his homework this time?A. His father did it for him.B. His brother helped him do it.C. He did it by himselt.D. Hes mother helped him with it.20. Do you think Mike’s father was good at maths ?A. Yes, he was.B. No, he wasn’tC. No, he was good at English.D. We have no idea.二、笔试部分（一）根据句意及首字母提示填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）1. Can you p_____________ me with some books on science?2. Could you tell me how to p_________ this word ?3. Everyone in my class w_________ about the coming exam.4. You can find p__________ telephones easily in our city now.5.That year’s Olympics were s_________ because the games were coming back to the country where they started.6. The policemen have caught the thief who matches Mrs Li’s d_____________ .7. Hong Kong has lots of great e_____________.8. I want to join the school v________ project.9. It’s d_________ to swim alone in the river.10. What’s wrong with the flowers ? Some of the l__________ are turning yellow.(二)用所给词的适当形式填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）1. I’d like Uncle Li _____________ (mend) my bicycle.2. Jim doesn’t know how ________(fix) up his TV.3. A cup is used for ___________(drink) water.4. By the time she got to the cinema, the movie _______________(begin).5. ____________ (luck) , I passed the examination.6. The TV play had a very happy _________(end).7. Lin Tao would like to go (to) somewhere __________ (relax).8. I’d like to stay at home, because I like _________(peace) vacations.9. Mr Chen was surprised to see the fast __________(develop) in China after his long absence from the country.10. Watch __________(care), and you will find the differences between the two pictures.（三）单项选择（每小题1分，共20分）1. It is reported that a small plane from South Africa crashed（坠毁）northwest of Changsha _______ May 28,2004.A. onB. inC. toD. at2.—Shall we call for a taxi? —OK. Let me _______ the phone number in Yellow Pages.A. look atB. look forC. look upD. look after.3. With the development of the society, parents _______ more and more money on their children’s education.A. takeB. costC. payD. spend4. —How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008?—It’s hard to say. _______ people, I think.A. Million ofB. Millions ofC. Two millions ofD. Two million of5. —Thanks for giving me ______ I wanted.—You’re welcome.A. the informationB. an informationC. the informationsD. information6. There is not many differences between the two. I really don’t know ___________.A. what should I chooseB. which I should chooseC. which should I chooseD. what I should choose7. The television ________. It doesn’t work now.A. must repairB. was repairingC. must be repairedD. has repaired8. Lily took away my English book _______ .A. for mistakeB. by a mistakeC. with mistakeD. by mistake9. If he _______ harder, he will catch up with us soon.A. studyB. studiesC. will studyD. studied10. Our sports meeting has been _______ till next Tuesday because of the bad weather.A. put onB. put upC. put offD. put down11. She was not _______ , but she is ________ to go to school.A. feel well; well enoughB. feeling well; well enoughC. feel gook; good enoughD. feeling good; good enough12. You _______ to the meeting today if you have something important to do.A. needn’t to comeB. don’t’need comeC. don’t need comingD. needn’t come13. Would you show me ______ an e-mail, please ?A. how to makeB. how to sendC. which to makeD. when to send14. You mustn’t forget ______ your book when you come here tomorrow.A. to bringB. bringC. to takeD. take15. Many visitors come to Beijing because it is ________ city.A. so a beautifulB. very a beautifulC. such beautifulD. quite a beautiful16. —________ you ever _______ to Hone Kong ?—Yes, twice.A. Have; goneB. Have beenC. Do ; goD. Were; going17.—Listen ! Helen is singing in the next room.—It _______ be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. mayD. should18. The classroom ______ every day.A. should cleanB. should be cleanedC. should cleanedD. should be cleaning19. It is bad for your eyes ________ computer games too much .A. playsB. to playC. playD. to playing20. I think the room is too small for us ________ .A. to liveB. living inC. to live inD. live in （四）句型转换（每小题1分，共5分）1. They will finish building the house in two weeks.(对画线部分提问) _________ __________ ___________ they finish building the house ?2. Hurry up , or you’ll miss the early train. （改为if引导的条件壮语从句）If you ___________ __________ __________, you’ll miss the early train.3. Jack is too young to dress himself.（改为复合句）Jack is __________ young __________ he can’t dress himself .4. She has already finished reading the novel. （改为否定句）She _______ finished reading the novel ____________.5. Why didn’t he pass the exam ? I want to know …（改为含宾语的复合句）I want to know _____________ he didn’t __________ the exam. （五）完形填空（每小题2分，共20分）Food is very important. Everyone needs to 1 well if he orshe wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is 2 . We begin to get knowledge even when we are very young. Small children are 3 in everything around them. They learn 4 while they are watching and listening. When they are getting older, they begin to 5 story books, science books …, anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and 6 to find out the answers.What is the best 7 to get knowledge ? If we learn 8 ourselves, we will get the most knowledge. If we are 9 getting answers from others and do not ask why, we will never learn well. When we study in the right way, we will learn more and understand10 .A B C D( )1. sleep read drink eat ( )2. sport exercise knowledge meat( )3. interesting interested weak better( )4. everything something nothing anything( )5. lend read learn write( )6. try have think wait( )7. place with way by ( )8. on with to by ( )9. often always usually sometimes( )10. harder much better well(六)阅读理解（每小题2分，共30分）AMany places in the world need more fresh water. Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh. Why aren’t there many factories like the Symi factory?In some places, the sun is not hot enough. Or it does not shine every day. In such places, other ways of heating sea water can be used. These ways cost more money, but they work faster than the sun. By boiling sea water with high heat, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.But heating is not the only way to get fresh water from salt water. Othe ways are tried. One way is freezing. The fresh part of salt water freezes(冷至结冰)first. To get fresh water, the bits of ice are taken out.Which way is the best ? The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different way for each place.Symi’s way seems very good for small, hot places. It doesn’t make very much water at a time. But the factory is easy to build and costs little. That is why people in many dry places talk about Symi !1. From the passage we know that fresh water ________ .A. is needed in every countryB. can be found in many factoriesC. can be used in many waysD. is very important for factories.2. What is the writer mainly talking about in the passage ?A. Hot places and dry places.B. The ways of making fresh water from sea water.C. How to make good use fo the sun.D. Water-making factories in different countries.3. The Symi factory _____________ .A. is a fresh water-making factoryB. can be built everywhereC. can make much fresh water at a timeD. does not need sunshine every day4. Which is the best way for small and hot places to get fresh water ?A. Boiling or heating the sea water.B. The way in hotter and drier places.C. The Symi’s wayD. Freezing the sea water in cold places.5. Why aren’t there many factories like the Symi factory ?A. Because mny new ways are tried to get fresh in small, hot places.B. Because a lot of water can be made quickly by heating in any places.C. Because people think that the best way is to get more fresh water with the least money.D. Because the Symi’s way does not work in dry places.BMany people go to school for education. School education is very important and useful ,but no one can learn everything from school. A teacher ,no matter how much he knows ,cannnot teach his student everything .His work is to show his students how to learn .He teaches them how to read and how to think . So much more is to be learned outside school by students themselves.It’s aways more important to know how to learn by oneself than to learn some facts or formulas （公式）by heart.It’s quite easy to learn some facts in history or a formula in maths ,but it’s very difficult to use them. Edison and Einstein didn’t get everything from school,but they were all successful. They invented so many things. The reason for their success is that they knew how to study .They read many books outside school .They worked hard all their lives,wasting not a single moment. The most important thing is that they know how to use their brains（大脑）。
人教版九年级英语上册期末考试卷(含答案)
九年级英语上册第一学期期末测试卷时间：120分钟满分：120分第一卷听力部分(25分)一、听对话，选出与其内容相符的图片。
(每小题1分，共5分)()1. A. B. C.()2. A. B. C.()3. A. B. C.()4. A. B. C.()5. A. B. C.二、听对话，选择最佳答案。
(每小题1分，共15分)听第1段对话，回答第6、7小题。
()6. What does Paul have trouble with?A. Grammar.B. Writing.C. Pronunciation.()7. What does Mrs. Brown advise Paul to do?A. Listen to English songs.B. Practice speaking.C. Read the textbook.听第2段对话，回答第8、9小题。
()8. What is the man looking for?A. A bank.B. A restaurant.C. A clothes store.()9. What would the man like?A. Hamburgers.B. Trousers.C. Vegetables.听第3段对话，回答第10、11小题。
()10. How long has it been since they last saw their primary school classmates?A. Two years.B. Three years.C. Four years.()11. What did Bill use to be like?A. He was active.B. He was naughty.C. He was quiet.听第4段材料，回答第12、13、14小题。
()12. What color is the wallet?A. Black.B. Red.C. White.()13. What's in the wallet?A. A name card.B. An ID card.C. A bank card.()14. Whose could the wallet be?A. Tom's.B. Mary's.C. Cindy's.听第5段材料，回答第15、16、17小题。
人教版九年级上册英语期末考试题(附答案)
人教版九年级上册英语期末考试题(附答案)第一部分：听力（共20分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请听下面5段对话，选出最佳选项。
1. A: What time does the concert start?B: It starts at 7:30 p.m.Q: When does the concert start?2. A: Can you help me with this math problem?B: Of course. Let me take a look.Q: What will the man do?3. A: Did you enjoy the movie last night?B: Yes, it was very exciting!Q: What does the woman think of the movie?4. A: Is there a post office near here?B: Yes, there is one around the corner.Q: Where is the post office?5. A: What do you usually do on weekends?B: I like going hiking with my friends.Q: What does the man like doing on weekends?第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请听下面几段对话或独白，选择正确答案。
6. W: Can you pass me the salt, please?M: Sure, here you go.Q: What does the man give the woman?7. W: Excuse me, how much does this T-shirt cost? M: It's on sale for $15.Q: How much is the T-shirt?8. M: Do you have any plans for the summer vacation? W: Yes, I'm going to visit my grandparents.Q: What is the woman going to do?9. W: Can you tell me where the library is?M: Sure, it's just across the street.Q: Where is the library?10. W: What do you think of the new science teacher? M: He is very knowledgeable and explains things well. Q: How does the man feel about the new science teacher?11. M: The weather report says it will rain tomorrow. W: Oh no. I wanted to go to the beach.Q: What does the woman want to do?12. M: How long will it take to get to the airport?W: It usually takes about an hour, depending on the traffic. Q: How long does it take to get to the airport?13. W: Can I help you with the dishes?M: No, I'll take care of them. Thanks anyway.Q: What will the man do?14. W: What time does the train to Beijing leave?M: The train leaves at 8:45 a.m.Q: When does the train leave?15. W: Did you watch the soccer game last night?M: No, I was studying for the math test.Q: Why didn't the man watch the soccer game?第三节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）请听下面一段对话，完成16至20小题。
人教版九年级英语期末考试英语试卷
九年级上学期期末考试英语试卷（带解析）满分:班级：_________ 姓名：_________ 考号：_________一、单选题（共15小题）1．---Why did you laugh just now?---Ted wanted to tell us _____ very funny story, but he forgot ______ ending himself.A．a, an B．the, theC．the, a D．a, the2．---Look, here comes Cindy! She is always full of ______.---_______. Because she takes a lot of exercises every day.A．knowledge, So is she B．courage, So does she C．change, So she is D．energy, So she is 3．---Are your teacher hard _____ all of you?----______ Jerry, because he is much younger than others.A．with, Except B．in, BesidesC．on , Except D．on Beside4．A smile costs ______, but gives so much. So we should learn to smile.A．something B．anythingC．nothing D．everything5．---_____ is your daughter?---The girl ______ wears a green a skirt.A．What, who B．Which, that C．How, who D．Where, which6．______ it is raining hard , they are still working in the field.A．Because B．As soon asC．Though D．Unless7．---He is an honest person , So what he said is _______.A．knowledgeable B．valuableC．comfortable D．believable8．Smoking ______ in public places in many countries. So you ______ smoke here.A．doesn’t allow , can’t B．isn’t allowed, mustn’t C．wasn’t allowed, may not D．didn’t allow, can’t9．The old man was too______ the good news to say a word.A．excited about B．worried aboutC．proud of D．strict with10．The girl in the classroom ______ be Mary. She called me from the library just now.A．mustn’t B．may notC．can’t D．needn’t11．The book is well worth ______. Everyone ______ buy one and read it.A．read, be supposed to B．reading, is supposed C．reading, is supposed to D．read, are supposed to 12．---The news he will come back made us _______.---Come on. We must finish the work and don’t _______.A．exciting , let him down B．excited, let down him C．excited, let him down D．exciting, let him out 13．----_______ wonderful girl she is ! She can skate so well.---- ______ more and you will make it.A．What, Practices B．How, Practicing C．What a , Practice D．What an , To practice 14．---I think ______ people drive, ______ air pollution there will be. ---That’s true. I hope the air will be fresher soon.A．the less, the less B．the less, the fewer C．the fewer, the fewer D．the fewer, the less 15．---What did your father say?----He asked me ______.A．if I could fix up the bicyclesB．why we fix up the bicyclesC．that we fixed up the bicyclesD．where did we fix up the bicycles二、完形填空（共1小题）16.Tambun Gediu , now badly hurt and staying in hospital , says it was his wife saved hislife from the mouth of a tiger.“ I was ___36__ a rabbit in the forest not far from my home and ready to catch it when I saw the __37____.That’s when I realized that I was being followed’’, said Mr. Gediu. The tiger jumped at Mr. Gediu at once. He stood there with great ___38___ so the he didn’t know what to for a moment, and then he tried _39____ a tree to keep from the animal, _40_____ was pulled down by the tiger.His wife , 55- year old Han Besau , who was in the kitchen, heard the noise , realizingit was coming from the __41___ where her husband was looking for rabbits and she _42___ the nearest “weapon（武器）”—a wooden ladle（长柄勺）---rushed out of the ___43__ and into the nearby forest . Seeing her husband ___44__ hard to stop the tiger tearing （撕裂）him to pieces , she ran __45___ at the animal, shouting at the top of her voice and hitting its head with the ladle until it ran off. It was the first time that a tiger had come at someone in the village.36 A . cooking B, following C. feeding D. drawing37 A. rabbit B. tree C. weapon D. tiger38 A. fear B. fun C. attention D. surprise39 A. cutting B. finding C. catching D. climbing40 A. or B. so C. but D. and41 A. area B. market C. town D. village42 A .picked up B. dressed up C. made up D. set up43 A. hospital B. bedroom C. kitchen D. bathroom44 A. thinking B. fighting C. waiting D. running45 A seriously B. luckily C. carefully D. quickly三、阅读理解（共3小题）17. Sometimes the easiest way to get somewhere is on the back of a bike.More and more people are using cars in many places in Africa today. However, things are different in Malawi(马拉维). Bikes are the most popular in this African country. Bike riding is a way of life in Malawi. People use them to carry heavy things. They also use bikes to carry people, especially tourists. These years, taking a “bicycle taxi" to travel aroundMalawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world. If you go to Malawi,you will find a lot of bike taxis waiting on the sides of the roads. The riders make the bikes comfortable for passengers to sit on. You can jump on a bike taxi and get around at a very low cost.Alice is a 21-year-old student from Canada. She enjoys the special bike riding a lot. "I reallylike the bike taxi," she says. "It's easy and cheap." Alice usually pays just $1 for going shopping in town.Twenty-eight-year-old Panjira Khombe began to ride a bike taxi two years ago. The young man enjoys this job.“1 used to make boats for a living，but that’s a hard job. Being a bike taxi rider is easy for me and I don't mind carrying heavy people," he says.1. In Mlalawi are the most popular way for people to getsomewhere.A. carsB. bikesC. trains [). buses2. The passage tells us that Alice enjoys the bike taxi because it's .A. on the side of the roadB. popular and heavyC. all over the countryD. cheap and easy3. From the passage we can learn Panjira Khombe thinks that .A. going shopping is easyB. making boats is difficultC. riding a bike taxi is cheapD. carrying heavy people is interesting4 .According to the passage, which one is not true?A. In Malawi, cars are the most popular.B. Malawi has become quite popular among tourists from all over the world.C. Alice is from Canada D Panjira Khombe is a bike taxi rider.5 The best title of the passage may be“”.A. Bike RidersB. A Special CountryC. Bike TaxisD. A Cheap Journey18. Almost every day, we discuss the topic of health, especially for kids.But what ishealth ? Health means eating well, getting enough exercise, and having a healthy weight.Let’s read the following rules. They can help you stay healthy.1, Eat a variety of food, especially fruit and vegetables. We all know that eating fruit and vegetables can help you stay healthy., but many of us only eat our favorite food. Remember that we can only get the nutrition（营养） we need by eating different kinds of food,especially fruit and vegetables.2. Drink water and milk most often Everyone knows that water is important. Besidesthat，kids need plenty of calcium(钙) to grow strong bones, and milk is rich in it. Every day, you should drink at least three cups of milk. When you are 9 years old or older, you should also try to have less sugary drinks, like soda and coca. They include a lot of sugar. Sugar only includes calories(能量),not important nutriti on.3. Listen to your body. When you are eating, notice how your body feels. When your stomach feels comfortably full, stop eating. Eating too much makes you feel uncomfortable. lf you do ittoo often, it can make you unhealthy and fat.4. Limit screen time. What's screen time? It's the amount of time you spend watching TV,movies and playing computer games. Try to spend no more than 2 hours a day on screentime.1. In this passage, health" includes all of the following EXCEPTA. eating wellB. doing more exerciseC,. having. healthy weight D. wearing comfortable clothes2. The underlined phrases "a variety of" means _ .A. plenty ofB. all kinds ofC. the rest ofD. a lot of3. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Eating more fruit and vegetables is good for people.B. We should eat and drink things with little sugar.C. We should spend the same time on both sitting-down activities and sports.D. When we are full, we should stop eating, no matter how delicious the foodis.4. Screen time is the time that you spendA. playing computer gamesB. watching moviesC. watching TVD. All of above5. What's the main idea of the passage?A. How to eat healthy food.B. Eating and playing are both important.C. Suggestions for staying healthy.D. Health is very important..19.1．Where can you buy these things according to the ad?A. In a shop.B. In a mall.C. On the Internet.D. In a supermarket.2. From the ad,，you can buy the children bicycle for a child ofA．2 B．5C. 8D. 103 The best birthday gift for your grandpa is . .A. some buttonsB. a handbagC. a tea potD. a children bicycle4 My mother ordered some fashion buttons, and she can get them _ _ days later.A. threeB. fiveC. sevenD. ten5. If you have￥ 400,you can buy____A. two handbagsB. 500 buttonsC. a handbag and a bicycleD. a tea pot and a handbag四、信息匹配（共1小题）20. Amsterdam is an excellent place to visit. In the center of this place there is a hotel named Andaz Amsterdam Prinsengracht.____1____.The l22一room hotel offers not only a place to rest and relax, but also a place that will make you excited. 2 The artists who created the 40 pieces of video art included Ryan Gander, Erwin Olaf and Mark 'I'itchner. There are screens in guests' rooms, so you can watch the video art on a screen in the hotel.When you enter the hotel you will be offered a free glass of wine toenjoy. 3 .Blue Spoon. the hotel's restaurant, offers Western European food made bychef. .Julien Piguct. ___4_____. vegetables in season are generally fresher, tastier and better than those grown out of season.T'here are 15 room types. The smallest room is 258 square feet and the largest is l.500 square feet. There is a fitness(健身 ) center in the hotel. 5 . There is even a bike repair shop in the hotel. so you don't need to worry when there is something wrong with your bike.A. And there are also locally produced snacks in the guest room.B. It was opened in 2012.C. And guests can also rent bicycles to travel around Amsterdam.D. Most of the vegetables they use are grown on the farm and are in season.E. The hotel has a lot of video art for people to enjoy.根据材料内容，将A-E五个句子填入文中空缺处，使短文内容完整、正确，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。
九年级英语上册期末试卷人教版(含答案)
九年级上册期末试卷英语一、知识运用（共两节，共20小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
（共10小题，计10分）1. —I heard you and your classmates held a New Year party last Friday.—You should have come. _______ great time we had!A. HowB. What aC. What2. —I wonder whether I could watch Frozen 2, after all I’m too old to watch cartoons.—Well, I’ve already seen it. _______ the film is for children, I promise you’ll not be disappointed.A. AlthoughB. BecauseC. Unless3. —Look out! A car is coming!—Oh, sorry. I _______ the final exams next week.A. was thinkingB. thoughtC. am going to think4. —Changsha is really a beautiful city and there are so many places of interest.—I can’t agree more. So why not stay here for _______ two days?A. otherB. othersC. another5. Many big cities including Beijing and Shanghai have already _______ their citizens to staywhere they work during the Spring Festival holiday to prevent the virus from spreading.A. called atB. called onC. called in6. Although many kinds of elephants are endangered, some people still like the art pieces_______ ivory.A. made ofB. are made ofC. making of7. Because of the epidemic（传染病）, she lost her job when the factory closed down, along with_______ others.A. 5 hundred ofB. hundreds ofC. 5 hundreds8. —Could you help me take care of my dog when I’m away, Jane?—I’m afraid I’m _______ Jessica. She might be a better choice for you.A. as careful asB. not so careful asC. more careful than9. —Don’t always be too hard _______ yourself. This can be harmful _______ your health.—Thanks for your advice.A. on, toB. to, onC. with, to10. —Do you know _______?—I’m not sure. Maybe in a few days.A. how long it takes to get thereB. how often does your cousin take a vacationC. how soon your father will be back第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
人教版九年级英语上册期末综合测试卷附答案
人教版九年级英语上册期末综合测试卷第一部分听力(四大题，20分)一、短对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)1. Where can the pens write?A. B. C.2. What will Mr. Chen do during the holidays?A. B. C.3. Whose dictionary is it?A. Lucy's.B. John's.C. Kate's.4. How long can the man keep under the water now?A. For 10 minutes.B. For 20 minutes.C. For 30 minutes.5. Why do they want to open the window?A. It's too dark.B. It's too hot.C. The air isn't fresh.二、长对话理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面一段对话，回答第6、7小题。
6. What will they do tonight?A. They will have a birthday party.B. They will see a movie.C. They will go to a concert.7. When will the party begin?A. At half past eight.B. At a quarter to eight.C. At half past seven.听下面一段对话，回答第8至10小题。
8. Why is Amy nervous?A. Because she is going to see the doctor.B. Because she has kept on working for long.C. Because she is worried about her competition.9. When is Amy going to Mr. White's office?A. This afternoon.B. Tomorrow afternoon.C. Next week.10. What does Mr. White mean at the end of the conversation?A. He can offer any help to Amy if necessary.B. He asks Amy to go to the office with him.C. He wants to take part in the competition by himself.三、短文理解(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)11. What does the speaker like best?A. Dance music.B. Pop music.C. Rock music.12. Who is Li Yang?A. The speaker's sister.B. The speaker's classmate.C. The speaker's friend.13. What kind of music does Kate like?A. Music that has great lyrics.B. Music that is exciting.C. Music that she can dance to.14. What does the speaker's mother think of rock music?A. Boring.B. Exciting.C. Relaxing.15. Who likes country music?A. The speaker's father.B. The speaker's mother.C. The speaker's brother.四、信息转换(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)第二部分语言知识运用(三大题，35分)五、单项填空(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)21. —How nice the weather is today! Why not have a ____ in the park?—Sounds good. What food should we bring?A. surveyB. lessonC. picnicD. chance22. —Who would you like to study with, Lin Tao?—____. I don't mind.A. SomebodyB. EverybodyC. NobodyD. Anybody23. —Why does our math teacher often ____ her?—Because she gets full marks in math every time.A. praiseB. forgetC. expectD. notice24. Tina ____ drives to work. But today she drives because of the rain.A. alwaysB. oftenC. sometimesD. seldom25. —Mary, how was the party?—It was ____ organized. We didn't enjoy ourselves at all.A. widelyB. trulyC. badlyD. mostly26. —Can you tell me ____ I should do for the summer vacation?—Why not volunteer in the club?A. whatB. whyC. whenD. where27. —You'd better say sorry to Lucy ____.—Thanks. I'll go to visit her tomorrow.A. in commonB. in dangerC. in silenceD. in person28. It's said that tea ____ by accident about five thousand years ago.A. was inventedB. is inventedC. will be inventedD. were invented29. If you ____ what the speaker is saying, you are sure to learn something useful.A. look forward toB. pay attention toC. take care ofD. get on with30. —I have been in China for two weeks, but I can't communicate with others well.—Don't worry. ____A. It takes time.B. It sounds great.C. Are you joking?D. What a pity!六、完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)ALast year, I worked near my mother's house and stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped her do some housework and __31__ some food.A week later, I noticed that the food ran out very __32__. Then I began keeping an eye on my mum. To my surprise, I found that she would put some food into a bag and go out with it every morning. And finally, I decided to __33__ her. I saw hertaking the food to the street children and __34__ a lot of time talking and playing with them.One day, I talked with a neighbor and __35__ that my mum was well-known in the area. The children were very __36__ to her and even thought of her as their own mother. Why didn't she tell me about it? Was she worried that I would __37__ buying food if I knew the truth?When my mum got home, I gave her a big hug. I told her she didn't need to keep it a(n) __38__ from me. And she told me something about the children. Some of them lived with an old lady in a small house. Others slept on the street. After she told me everything, I was so moved by her __39__.I __40__ to buy food for my mum after that. But I always added one more bag for her other “children”.31. A. eat B. putC. buyD. pay32. A. late B. wellC. slowD. soon33. A. change B. followC. refuseD. spread34. A. breaking B. reachingC. spendingD. trusting35. A. found out B. gave outC. blew outD. brought out36. A. serious B. friendlyC. unluckyD. possible37. A. keep B. makeC. stopD. tell38. A. voice B. courseC. eventD. secret39. A. kindness B. illnessC. happinessD. fairness40. A. protected B. continuedC. developedD. increasedBAfter nine years since its last edition(版本), the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary finally __41__.There are not too many __42__ characters in the 12th edition, but it has added more than 100 new words and __43__. Many of them are from the Internet. Here are some __44__: “fen-si” (fans), “er wei ma” (QR code), and “dian zan”(clicking the “like” button). The new edition has also __45__ more than 50 new usages, __46__“mai meng” (acting cute), “pin che” (carpooling) and “pin gou” (group buying).There is also a QR code on each page of the new edition. __47__ can scan(扫描) the QR code to learn how to write a character __48__ and hear the correct pronunciation.Since its first edition, Xinhua Dictionary has __49__ more than 600 million copies around the world. The dictionary has been a __50__ for several generations(代) of Chinese people, which shows the culture of a great country.41. A. went out B. took outC. pointed outD. came out42. A. new B. oldC. usedD. free43. A. letters B. picturesC. expressionsD. emails44. A. words B. examplesC. modelsD. ways45. A. reduced B. addedC. improvedD. made46. A. such as B. thanks toC. according toD. instead of47. A. Traders B. BuyersC. ReadersD. Travellers48. A. secretly B. loudlyC. clearlyD. correctly49. A. ordered B. soldC. servedD. bought50. A. guide B. wayC. toolD. card七、补全对话(有两项多余)(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)A: You look worried, Jim.B: Yes, Miss Miller. 51. ________A: You said you liked English. What's the problem?B: I can't get the pronunciation right.A: 52. ________ Why don't you listen to English songs on the radio?B: That's a good idea. But how about all the new words? 53. ________A: You can always write the new words in your notebook and review them from time to time.B: 54. ________A: Can you understand when people talk to you?B: Well, not always. Sometimes I just don't understand what people are saying.Another problem is that I don't get much writing practice.A: 55. ________B: That sounds like a fun way to practice writing. Thanks, Miss Miller.第三部分阅读(共两节，40分)八、阅读理解(共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分)第一节: APencils and PensNo one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. ASwiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a pieceof wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark graymetal. ) Pencils weren't popular, and people continued to write withpens. They used bird feathers as pens.Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write 50，000English words or make a line 55 kilometers long.People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metalpoints. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every fewletters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold inkinside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again.Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and George Biro,invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. Theycouldn't write with fountain pens in airplanes because the inkleaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros' company.Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics. ” Australians call them “Biros. ” Whatever we call them, we use them every day.56. What were the first pens made of?A. Feathers.B. Stone.C. Graphite.D. Wood.57. Which of the following is NOT true?A. A fountain pen can hold ink inside it.B. Ballpoint pens are good for writing in airplanes.C. Fountain pens may leak ink.D. The Biros' company bought Bic.58. What's the main idea of this passage?A. We use pens and pencils every day.B. There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens.C. Pens and pencils are very useful inventions.D. Pens were invented earlier than pencils.BNote-taking is a skill that can help you do well in all your schoolwork. It can make you confident (自信的) when you are studying. But unluckily most students don't know how to take notes.★Write down key facts. If your teacher writes notes on the blackboard, that's great. You can copy them or write down the most important facts of all in class. Different teachers do things differently. For example，some teachers may focus on(关注) lots of dates and facts in class, but they only write the important ones on the blackboard. Other teachers may not write anything down, but they may say something important again and again.★Ask. Don't be afraid to ask your teacher to repeat what you miss. If your teacher speaks too fast that you can't follow what he is saying, you can ask him after class.★Compare. Comparing your notes with your classmates' can be good for your learning. It can also help you and your classmates correct some mistakes.★Organize. Note-taking also needs organization. Keep notes for each subject(主题) in one notebook, and you can find everything easily when a test comes.★Good note-taking takes time. If you decide to recopy(重抄写) your notes every evening, you'll have less time to watch TV. But you'll save time in the coming test.59. How many main points about note-taking are there in this passage?A. 4.B. 5.C. 6.D. 7.60. If you can't follow your teachers in class, what should you do?A. Ask them after class.B. Ask them before class.C. Stop listening in class.D. Complain to them about the class.61. Which way can help you correct mistakes in your notes?A. Organizing the notes.B. Recopying your notes after class.C. Asking your teachers for help.D. Comparing your notes with others'.62. Which can be the BEST title for this passage?A. How to take notesB. What to do in classC. How to study for a testD. What to do with problemsCDear students，Time and tide wait for no man. Another term has come to an end.First of all, I would like to say thank you very much for your hard work. Without you, our school wouldn't have got such good results in the final exams. And the summer holiday is around the corner. I hope the following tips will help you enjoy a safe, civilized, healthy and happy holiday.Tip 1: You should learn to protect yourselves because the flu is still out there. When you take a trip remember to wear a mask. Wash your hands often. If you are not feeling well, you should go to the doctor.Tip 2: You should be careful when you cross the road, and try to avoid traffic accidents. Don't swim in wild rivers, either. Eat healthy food and learn to keep away from dangers.Tip 3: As students, you should obey the laws. You are not allowed to gamble. Say no to drugs and keep away from violence.Tip 4: Plan your time properly and develop a good way of learning. If you make full use of your time, you will improve a lot during the summer holiday.And that's all that I want you to do well. Wish you a pleasant holiday.Your headmaster David63. What is the purpose of writing the letter?A. To help the students stay away from dangers.B. To help the students keep healthy.C. To help the students have a safe, civilized, healthy and happy holiday.D. To help the students get good grades in the final exams.64. What does the underlined word “gamble” mean?A. Play games for money.B. Play sports.C. Play for fun.D. Play jokes.65. Your study will improve a lot during the summer holiday if you ____.A. go traveling oftenB. cross the road carefullyC. obey the lawsD. make full use of the timeDOnce there lived a crow(乌鸦)in a big tree. At the foot of thesame tree, a snake built its home there.Whenever the crow laid eggs, the snake would find them and eatthem up. What's worse，the snake brought danger to her life. The crow felt angry and thought, “I must teach that bad snake a lesson. ”One day, the crow flew over the king's palace. She saw the princess wearing an expensive necklace(项链). The necklace was a gift from the queen. Suddenly she got an idea. She flew down, picked up the necklace with her mouth and flew off to her home.Seeing this, the palace guards(卫兵)ran after the crow and followed her to the tree. She was sitting in the tree with the necklace.The crow thought, “Now it is time to act. ” She dropped the necklace, and thenecklace fell right beside the snake's home.When the snake heard the noise, it came out of its home. The guards saw the snake, and shouted, “A snake! A snake! Kill it！” With big sticks, they beat the snake and killed it. Then the guards picked up the necklace and returned to the palace.The crow was very happy. “Now my eggs are safe，” she said.66. Why did the crow hate the snake so much?A. Because the snake built its home under the tree.B. Because the snake ate up all of her eggs.C. Because the snake liked to make fun of her.D. Because the snake tried to kill her many times.67. Who owned the necklace?A. The princess.B. The king.C. The queen.D. A guard.68. Which Chinese phrase can best describe the act of the crow dropping thenecklace?A. 杯弓蛇影B. 飞鸟惊蛇C. 引蛇出洞D. 打草惊蛇69. What can we learn from the story?A. Try to stay away from bad people.B. Fight with others when you are angry.C. Don't play jokes on those who are weak.D. Actively find ways to work out problems.EAre you a fan of Chinese culture? If the answer is yes, Dunhuang is a must-visit place for you. If you are a fan of Dunhuang, Glory Is Back is a must-see show for you. This show has 10 episodes(集). In each of the episodes, a famous host leads a group of young people to learn and feel the rich culture in Dunhuang. They learn about the frescoes(湿壁画), music, traditions, food, sports and even fashions in this city. In this show, they know what happened more than one thousand years ago. They also meet some people who work hard to protect the cultural treasures in Dunhuang. Because ofthe workers' efforts, it is possible for us to see them today.The director of the show came up with the idea of creating a show about Dunhuang during a two-week trip there.“Dunhuang is an amazing place. Once you visit it, you will never forget about it and always want to go back there. But the frescoes will fade away(逐渐消失) one day, so we made this show to call on people to protect them，” said the director.In order to protect the frescoes from the light of cameras, the director and his team didn't use any cameras in front of the paintings.Want to know more about Dunhuang？Just watch the show now.70. People can learn about the following things about this city in the show except____.A. sportsB. musicC. scienceD. traditions71. What does the underlin ed word “them” refer to?A. The cultural treasures.B. The young people.C. The episodes.D. The workers' efforts.72. What is the purpose of the director making the show?A. To record his trip to Dunhuang.B. To ask people to enjoy the show.C. To learn the culture of Dunhuang.D. To call on people to protect the frescoes in Dunhuang.第二节:阅读下面的短文，并用英语回答问题(请注意每小题后面的词数要求)。
人教版九年级英语上册期末试卷(含答案)
人教版九年级上册期末试卷英语I. 听力(共两节, 满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
1. What did the man lose yesterday?A. A set of keys.B. A bag.C. A wallet.2. When did Jenny do a part-time job?A. During the summer vacation.B. On the weekend.C. On school days.3. How many goals did Brian score in a row?A .Five. B. Three. C. Two.4. How does the girl learn English?A. By reading English stories.B. By watching English movies.C. By listening to English songs.5. What is the man going to write about in his report?A. Noise pollution.B. Air pollution.C. Water pollution第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分) .听下面6段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有2至3个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项回答问题。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
听第六段对话，回答第6、7小题。
6. What will the woman do in Hawaii？A. Take care of her dad.B. Take part in a competition.C. Take a course.7. How does the woman feel now probably？A. Impatient.B. Relaxed.C. Scared.听第七段对话，回答第8、9题。
人教版 九年级英语上册 期末试卷(含答案)
西安爱知中学初三年级期末考试英语试题（满分120分，考试时间100分钟）第一卷（共65分）听力部分Ⅰ.听对话，选答案（共15小题，计15分）第一节：听下面10段对话，每段对话后有一个问题，读两遍，请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题，从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。
1.A.Cloudy. B.Rainy. C.Windy.2.A.Inahospital. B.Atschool. C.Onthestreet.3.A.Driveacar. B.Takeacar. C.Takeabus.4.A.Heoverslept. B.Hecouldn’tridethebike. C.Hemissedthebus.5.A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Scary.6.Dohishomework. B.Gooutofhisroom. C.Havearest.7.A.Bytrain. B.Bycar. C.Byplane.8.At4:30. B.At5:00. C.At5:30.9.A.America. B.Australia. C.China.styear. B.Twoyearsago. C.Wedon’tknow.第二节：听下面两段对话，每段对话后有几个小题，请根据每段对话的内容和后面的问题，从所给的三个选项中选出最恰当的一项。
每段对话读两遍。
听第11段对话，回答第11至12小题。
11.Wherewillthegirlgo?A.ToEngland.B.ToAmerica.C.ToItaly.12.Whatistheboy’ssuggestion?A.Keepingsilence.B.Followingothers.ingbodylanguage.听第12段对话，回答第13至15小题。
13.WhydidNickcallKate?A.Hewantedtoinvitehertotheshow.B.Hewantedtoknowwhethershecouldgetaticketforhim.C.Hedidn’tknowthewaytothemuseum.14.HowdidKateknowwherewouldbemanypeopleatthemuseum?A.Shelistenedtotheradio.B.Sheheardofitfromafriendofhers.C.Shejustguessedso.15.WhatadvicedidKategiveNick?A.Tosetoffearly.B.Tobuyhisticketatonce.C.TowatchTVathome.Ⅱ.听短文，选答案（共5小题，计10分）本题你将听到一篇短文，读两遍，请从每个小题的三个选项中，选出最恰当的一项。
人教版九年级英语上册期末试卷(含答案)
九年级上册期末试卷英语一、知识运用（共两节，共20小题，计20分）第一节语法填空从A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳答案填空。
（共10小题，计10分）1. A Little Red Flower is such _______ amazing movie that I want to see it for _______ secondtime.A. an; aB. a; aC. an; the2. I’m wondering if you _______ to Frank’s party next Friday. If you go, _______.A. go; so I doB. will go; so will IC. will go; so do I3. I had my bike _______ last week but it is broken again. I’d like to have someone else _______it again.A. repair; to repairB. to be repaired; repairC. repaired; repair4. The notice _______ announced(宣告) by the government yesterday is of great importance.A. which wasB. that isC. that were5. The Gift of Magi, a classical novel which _______ well, is worth _______.A. sells; being readB. is sold; readingC. sells; reading6. During the winter vacation, a number of students found _______ hard to finish the homeworkdaily attendance(打卡).A. itB. thatC. what7. Lucy is really talented in language learning. By the time she was eight, she _______ speakboth English and German.A. needB. couldC. must8. Labor education is necessary for students’development. _______ schools put it into practice,students will be more independent and helpful.A. WhileB. AlthoughC. Unless9.How kind you are! You always do what you can _______ me.A. to helpB. helpC. helping10. It’s difficult for me to imagine _______ for slaves in the ancient times.A. which life wasB. what life was likeC. how will the life be第二节词语填空通读下面的短文，掌握其大意, 然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
人教版英语九年级上册期末测试卷(含答案)
人教版英语九年级上册期末测试卷（含答案）一、单项选择。
1. —How can I read the English passage faster?—Y ou can read faster ____ reading word groups.A. withB. atC. onD. by2. —My sister likes red very much.—Then this red skirt must belong to ____.A. hersB. herC. yoursD. you3. —Do you know ____ there will be a concert in the theater next Saturday?—Really? I'm looking forward to it.A. thatB. whyC. whetherD. how4. —I can't find my phone anywhere.—Y ou____ have lost it while shopping.A. mayB. canC. shouldD. would5. The movie____I have seen twice is The W andering Earth.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. when6. —Mike, you're crazy about music. A concert ____ in the gym tomorrow. Would you like togo?—That's great! But have you got the tickets?A. is holdingB. is heldC. will be heldD. has held7. —Why did she avoid ____ me?—I think she's sorry for her mistake, so she had to go off.A. meetingB. to meetC. not meetingD. not to meet8. —What do you usually have for breakfast?—I used to ____ dumplings. But these days I get used to ____ bread and milk.A. eat; haveB. eating; havingC. eating; haveD. eat; having9. —Why do many people buy things online on the 11th of November every year?—Because there are many sales. The prices are ____.A. much cheaperB. much lowerC. more expensiveD. much higher10. —Dear friends, do you still remember ____ three years ago?—To realize our dreams!A. why you came hereB. why did you come hereC. how you came hereD. how did you come here二、完形填空。
2024年最新人教版初三英语(上册)期末考卷及答案(各版本)
专业课原理概述部分一、选择题（每题1分，共5分）1. English is a language that belongs to which language family?A. GermanicB. RomanceC. SlavicD. UralAltaic2. Which of the following sentences is in the passive voice?A. The cat chased the mouse.B. The mouse was chased the cat.C. The cat is chasing the mouse.D. The mouse chased the cat.3. What is the past participle of the verb "go"?A. wentB. goneC. goedD. goedA. nessB. lyC. fulD. ing5. In English, which word is often used to introduce a contrasting idea?A. howeverB. becauseC. althoughD. if二、判断题（每题1分，共5分）6. The past tense of "do" is "did". ( )7. All adverbs end in "ly". ( )9. An adjective describes a verb. ( )10. "They're" and "there" can be used interchangeably. ( )三、填空题（每题1分，共5分）11. The opposite of "expensive" is ________.12. If "I am eating" is in the present continuous tense, "I ________ eat" would be in the simple present tense.13. A sentence with two or more independent clauses is called a(n) ________ sentence.14. The plural form of "child" is ________.15. The third person singular pronoun for "he" is________.四、简答题（每题2分，共10分）16. What is the difference between "affect" and "effect"?19. What are the two main types of prepositions?20. Explain the difference between "its" and "it's".五、应用题（每题2分，共10分）21. Correct the following sentence: "She was laying on the couch when her friend calls her."22. Rewrite the following sentence in the active voice: "The cake was eaten the children."23. Use the correct form of the verb in parentheses: "IfI ________ (be) you, I would take the offer."24. Combine the following two sentences using an appropriate conjunction: "The weather is nice today. We should go for a walk."25. Identify the subject and the predicate in the following sentence: "The dog barked loudly."六、分析题（每题5分，共10分）26. Analyze the following poem Robert Frost and explain the use of personification:"The woods are lovely, dark and deep,But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep,And miles to go before I sleep."27. Compare and contrast the themes of friendship in the short stories "The Gift of the Magi" O. Henry and "The Kite Runner" Khaled Hosseini.七、实践操作题（每题5分，共10分）28. Write a short dialogue between two friends planning a vacation together.八、专业设计题（每题2分，共10分）30. Design a lesson plan for teaching the past perfect tense, including warmup, presentation, practice, and production stages.31. Create a vocabulary worksheet on adjectives related to weather, including definitions, example sentences, and a matching exercise.33. Outline a roleplay activity to practice making apologies and giving excuses in English.34. Construct a writing prompt that encourages students to write a descriptive paragraph about their favorite holiday memory.九、概念解释题（每题2分，共10分）35. Explain the difference between connotation and denotation in the context of vocabulary.36. Define the term "phrasal verb" and provide three examples with their meanings.37. What is a gerund and how does it function in a sentence?38. Describe the role of intonation in spoken English and give an example of how it can change the meaning of a sentence.39. Explain the concept of "subjectverb agreement" and illustrate it with two examples.十、思考题（每题2分，共10分）40. How can teachers encourage students to use English outside of the classroom?41. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in English language teaching.42. What strategies can be used to help students improve their listening skills?43. How does cultural awareness impact language learning?44. Why is it important for students to learn both formal and informal English?十一、社会扩展题（每题3分，共15分）45. Analyze the impact of social media on the English language, considering both positive and negative aspects.46. Discuss the role of English as a global lingua franca and its implications for language diversity.48. What are the challenges faced nonnative English speakers in academic settings and how can these be addressed?49. Explore the relationship between music and language learning, and propose a way to incorporate music into an English lesson.一、选择题答案1. A. Germanic2. B. The mouse was chased the cat.3. B. gone4. C. ful5. A. however二、判断题答案6. √7. ×8. √9. ×10. ×三、填空题答案11. cheap12. do14. children15. he四、简答题答案17. Comparative: add er or more, Superlative: add est or most. For irregular adjectives, memorize the forms.19. Spatial prepositions (e.g., in, on, under) and temporal prepositions (e.g., before, after, during).20. "Its" is the possessive form of "it," while "it's" isa contraction of "it is."五、应用题答案21. She was lying on the couch when her friend called her.22. The children ate the cake.23. If I were you, I would take the offer.24. The weather is nice today, so we should go for a walk.25. Subject: The dog, Predicate: barked loudly.六、分析题答案26. Personification is used in the line "The woods are lovely, dark and deep," attributing human qualities to the woods. This creates a sense of serenity and contemplation.27. Both stories explore themes of sacrifice and the depth of friendship. In "The Gift of the Magi," thesacrifices are material, while in "The Kite Runner," the sacrifices are moral and emotional.七、实践操作题答案28. [Answer omitted for brevity]29. [Answer omitted for brevity]1. Grammar:Verb tenses (present continuous, past tense, past participle)Voice (active and passive)Subjectverb agreementPronouns (singular and plural forms)2. Vocabulary:Common prefixes and suffixesAdjectives and their oppositesHomophones and their correct usage3. Punctuation and Style:Capitalization rules4. Reading Comprehension:Understanding and interpreting poetryAnalyzing themes in literature5. Writing:Dialogue writingPoster creation with varied sentence structures各题型所考察学生的知识点详解及示例：选择题：测试学生对基础语法规则和词汇知识的掌握。