2019年英语专业八级真题听力 Interview(2)
2019年英语专业八级真题听力 Interview(1)
M: Hey, Cathy, did you read this article in the magazine? I can't believe how much man is changing the planet.男：嘿，凯西，你看过杂志上的这篇文章了吗？我简直不敢相信人类改变了这个星球这么多。
W: Yeah, I had a look at it. Quite interesting I suppose if you believe that sort of thing.女：是的，我看了一眼。
我觉得很有趣，如果你相信那档子事的话。
M: What? What do you mean,"if you believe that sort of thing"? Are you saying you don't believe that we are damaging the planet?男：什么？你说的“如果你相信那档子事的话”是什么意思？你是说你不相信我们正在破坏这个星球吗？W: To be honest, Mark, not really.女：说实话，马克，不太相信。
M: What are you saying? Are you saying global warming isn't a fact, deforestation isn't a fact, the greenhouse effect isn't actually happening?男：你在说什么？你是说全球变暖不是事实，砍伐森林不是事实，温室效应也没有真的发生？W: Hey, calm down Mark. I just think too many people takethese things as being definitely true without knowing all the facts.女：嘿，马克，冷静点。
2019年专业英语八级考试真题
2019年专业英语⼋级考试真题2019年专业英语⼋级考试真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra —and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smokinga cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, theycrowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast ⼀ out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary ⼀ he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the imageof itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (⽆檐⼩帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured upthe picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking(Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice”are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly,a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a tastefor flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor”in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he isa “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In someways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence”refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para.2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para.3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5? PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.What does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.⽩洋淀曾有 " 北国江南 " 的说法，但村舍的形制⾃具特⾊，与江南截然不同。
2019年专业英语八级考试真题
2019年专业英语八级考试真题PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now, listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.Now, listen to the first interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview.1. A. Environmental issues.B.Endangered species.C.Global warming.D.Conservation.2. A. It is thoroughly proved.B. it is definitely very serious.C. It is just a temporary variation.D. It is changing our ways of living.3. A. Protection of endangered animals* habitats.B. Negative human impact on the environment.C. Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth.D. The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth.4. A. Nature should take its course.B. People take things for granted.C. Humans are damaging the earth.D. Animals should stay away from zoos.5. A. Objective.B. Pessimistic.C. Skeptical.D. Subjective.Now, listen to the second interview. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview.6.A. Teachers’ resistance to change.B. Students’ inadequate ability to read.C. Teachers’ misunderstanding of such literacy.D. Students ’ indifference to the new method.7.A. Abilities to complete challenging tasks.B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge.C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork.D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work.8.A. Recalling specific information.B. Understanding particular details.C. Examining sources of information.D. Retelling a historical event.9. A. Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program.B. Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is.C. Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers.D. Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides.10. A. To argue for a case.B. To discuss a dispute.C. To explain a problem.D. To present details.PART II READING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow. So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up. He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be. Also, he was smokinga cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels. He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right. It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort. On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast. If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake. But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank. Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet. In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy. French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby. For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly.(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement. Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives. Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and along the subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms. Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace. He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened. After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the.papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day. But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning. And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock. He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father. After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business. The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business. But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid. He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due. Before evening, he'd know.(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby.(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes. They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers. He dressed well. It didn't seem necessary 一 he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well. He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands. He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie. As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away. The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White. It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons. Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits. Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight. This morning it looked like the imageof itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath. Together, the two men gazed at it.(5)Then Rubin .said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman.”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin. “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago.”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way. Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive. He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt. His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness. He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way. Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years. In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out of a tree. Wilhelm had great charm still.(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way. “It isn’t washable. Youhave to send it to the cleaner. It never smells as good as washed. But it，s a nice shirt. It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks.*'11.Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ .A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12.Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all .A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to swap gossipsC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13.How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para. 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming.B.He was worried that his father was late.C.He was feeling at ease among the old.D.He was excited about a possible job offer.14.Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para. 4)?A.The necktie.B.The cuffs.C.The suit.D.The shirt.15.What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better.B.He cared much about his clothes.C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt.D.The clothes he wore never quite matched.PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States. It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept up with the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class. New York was the place where the “new” America was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there.(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York. By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life. On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all. Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights. If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing.(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life. These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley. Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun. Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841. Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War. Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons. The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before. Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party. Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual. He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising. Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party. Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values. He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley. He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman. Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country. Bennett was only interested in his newspaper. He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read. And when he found out he gave it to them.(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike. Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy. Both were incurable eccentrics. Neither was a gentleman. Neither conjured upthe picture of a successful editor. Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed. Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper — marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat. He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles. He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the illustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr. Pickwick. Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper. The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once.”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring. A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion. His eyes did not focus right. They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time. He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner. He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities. He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr. Pickwick. Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms. All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age.(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business. They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it. When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor. Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street. Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough.16.Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para. 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper.B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper.C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination.D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage.17.Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para. 3)7A.Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party.B.Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals.C.Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values.D.Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values.18.Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greeley’s manner of walking(Para. 4)?A.Exaggeration.B.Paradox.C.Analogy.D.Personification.19.In Para. 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20.How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para. 6?A.He had achieved business success first.B.He started his career earlier than Bennett.C.He got initial support from a political party.D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship.PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day. What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata.(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice”are afflicted with doubts about their role.(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them. These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills. Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly,a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from. They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s.(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru. They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence. Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant.(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport. And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free. Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a tastefor flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions.(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when he then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s. The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor”in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors.(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion.(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern. Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized. Many of their charitable acts later became legends.(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying. The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down. Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it. And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope.(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is. He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all. Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power. That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them. They cannot abolish oppression. But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek.(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he. But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit. In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo. But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films. When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten. This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang.21.Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para. 1).B.Claimed (Para. 4).C.Legend (Para. 2).D.Loyalty (Para. 4).22. Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior.B.They wanted to help the poor country folk.C.They were unwilling to accept injustice.D.They had very few careers open to them.23. ....began their careers harshly victimized” (Para. 9) means that they .A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24. What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they .A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A. Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO. PASSAGE ONE25.In and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para. 1)”, what does “evidence”refer to?26.What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years according to Para. 6?PASSAGE TWO27.Summarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para.2.28.What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para.3)?29.What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras. 4 and 5? PASSAGE THREE30.Write down TWO features of the idealist pattern. (Para 9)31.What does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)32.What does “He is an individual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.白洋淀曾有 " 北国江南 " 的说法，但村舍的形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年专八真题完整版(包含MINI-LECTURE)word资料31页
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the secondquarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green BlueBook" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doingthat for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing hislifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly allour minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attractblood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton,alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond – for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment oncampus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications. TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the firstpage to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the littlepark. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selectedscholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in whichwriters have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.。
2019专八真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN] SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture、 You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY、 While listening tothe mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap、 Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable、You may use the blank sheet for note-taking、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task、Now, listen to the mini-lecture、 When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work、SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews、 At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said、 Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY、 After each question there will be a ten-second pause During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWERSHEET TWO、You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices、Now, listen to the first interview、 Questions 1 to 5 are based on the first interview、1、A、Environmental issues、B、Endangered species、C、Global warming、D、Conservation、2、A、 It is thoroughly proved、B、it is definitely very serious、C、It is just a temporary variation、D、It is changing our ways of living、3、A、 Protection of endangered animals* habitats、B、Negative human impact on the environment、C、Frequent abnormal phenomena on the earth、D、The woman’s indifferent attitude to the earth、4、A、 Nature should take its course、B、People take things for granted、C、Humans are damaging the earth、D、Animals should stay away from zoos、5、A、 Objective、B、Pessimistic、C、Skeptical、D、Subjective、Now, listen to the second interview、 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the second interview、6、A、 Teachers’ resistance to change、B、Students’ inadequate ability to read、C、Teachers’ misunderstanding o f such literacy、D、Students ’ indifference to the new method、7、A、Abilities to complete challenging tasks、B.Abilities to learn subject matter knowledge、C.Abilities to perform better in schoolwork、D.Abilities to perform disciplinary work、8、A、 Recalling specific information、B、Understanding particular details、C、Examining sources of information、D、Retelling a historical event、9、A、 Engaging literacy and disciplinary experts in the program、B、Helping teachers understand what disciplinary literacy is、C、Teaching disciplinary discourse practices by literacy teachers、D、Designing learning strategies with experts from both sides、10、A、 To argue for a case、B、To discuss a dispute、C、To explain a problem、D、To present details、PART II READING COMPREHENSION [45 MIN] SECTION A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions、 For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D、 Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONE(1)When it came to concealing his troubles, Tommy Wilhelm was not less capable than die next fellow、 So at least he thought, and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up、 He had once been an actor^ no, not quite, an extra — and he knew what acting should be、 Also, he was smoking a cigar, and when a man is smoking a cigar, wearing a hat, he has an advantage; it is harder to find out how he feels、 He came from the twenty-third floor down to the lobby on the mezzanine to collect his mail before breakfast, and he believed^ he hoped — that he looked passably well: doing all right、 It was a matter of sheer hope, because there was not much that he could add to his present effort、On the fourteenth floor he looked for his father to enter the elevator; they often met at this hour, on the way to breakfast、 If he worried about his appearance it was mainly for his old father’s sake、 But there was no stop on the fourteenth, and the elevator sank and sank、 Then the smooth door opened and the great dark-red uneven carpet that covered the lobby billowed toward Wilhelm’s feet、 In the foreground the lobby was dark, sleepy、 French drapes like sails kept out the sun, but three high, narrow windows were open, and in the blue air Wilhelm saw a pigeon about to light on the great chain that supported the marquee of the movie house directly underneath the lobby、 For one moment he heard the wings beating strongly、(2)Most of the guests at the Hotel Gloriana were past the age of retirement、 Along Broadway in the Seventies, Eighties, and Nineties, a great part of New York’s vast population of old men and women lives、 Unless the weather is too cold or wet they fill the benches about the tiny railed parks and alongthe subway gratings from Verdi Square to Columbia University, they crowd the shops and cafeterias, the dime stores, the tearooms, the bakeries, the beauty parlors, the reading rooms and club rooms、 Among these old people at the Gloriana, Wilhelm felt out ofplace、He was comparatively young, in his middle forties, large and blond, with big shoulders; his back was heavy and strong, if already a little stooped or thickened、After breakfast the old guests sat down on the green leather armchairs and sofas in the lobby and began to gossip and look into the、papers; they had nothing to do but wait out the day、But Wilhelm was used to an active life and liked to go out energetically in the morning、And for several months, because he had no position, he had kept up his morale by rising early; he was shaved and in the lobby by eight o'clock、He bought the paper and some cigars and drank a Coca-Cola or two before he went in tobreakfast with his father、 After breakfast 一 out, out, out to attend to business、 The getting out had in itselfbecome the chief business、 But he had realized that he could not keep this up much longer, and today he was afraid、 He was aware that his routine was about to break up and he sensed that a huge trouble long presaged (预感)but till now formless was due、 Before evening, he'd know、(3)Nevertheless he followed his daily course and crossed the lobby、(4)Rubin, the man at the newsstand, had poor eyes、 They may not have been actually weak but they were poor in expression, with lacy lids that furled down at the comers、 He dressed well、 It didn't seem necessary 一he was behind the counter most of the time — but he dressed very well、 He had on a rich brown suit; the cuffs embarrassed the hairs on his small hands、He wore a Countess Mara painted necktie、 As Wilhelm approached, Rubin did not see him; he was looking out dreamily at the Hotel Ansonia, which was visible from his comer, several blocks away、 The Ansonia, the neighborhood^ great landmark, was built by Stanford White、 It looks like a baroque palace from Prague or Munich enlarged a hundred times, with towers, domes, huge swells and bubbles of metal gone green from exposure, iron fretwork and festoons、 Black television antennae are densely planted on its round summits、 Under the changes of weather it may look like marble or like sea water, black as slate in the fog, white as tufa in sunlight、 This morning it looked like the image of itself reflected in deep water, white and cumulous above, with cavernous distortions underneath、 Together, the two men gazed at it、(5)Then Rubin 、said，“Your dad is in to breakfast already, the old gentleman、”“Oh，yes? Ahead of me today?”‘nat’s a real knocked-out shirt you got on，’’ said Rubin、 “Where’s it from，Saks?”“No, it’s a Jack Fagman — Chicago、”(6)Even when his spirits were low, Wilhelm could still wrinkle his forehead in a pleasing way、 Some of the slow，silent movements of his face were very attractive、 He went back a step, as if to stand away from himself and get a better look at his shirt、 His glance was comic, a comment upon his untidiness、 He liked to wear good clothes, but once he had put it on each article appeared to go its own way、 Wilhelm, laughing，panted a little; his teeth were small; his cheeks when he laughed and puffed grew round, and he looked much younger than his years、 In the old days when he was a college freshman and wore a beanie (无檐小帽）on his large blonde head his father used to say that，big as he was，he could charm a bird out ofa tree、 Wilhelm had great charm still、(7)“I like this dove-gray color,” he said in his sociable，good-natured way、“It isn’t washable、 Youhave to send it to the cleaner、 It never smells as good as washed、 But it，s a nice shirt、 It cost sixteen, eighteen bucks、*'11、Wilhelm hoped he looked all right on his way to the lobby because he wanted to _ 、A.leave a good impressionB.give his father a surpriseC.show his acting potentialD.disguise his low spirit12、Wilhelm had something in common with the old guests in that they all 、A.lived a luxurious lifeB.liked to sC.idled their time awayD.liked to get up early13、How did Wilhelm feel when he was crossing the lobby (Para、 2)?A.He felt something ominous was coming、B.He was worried that his father was late、C.He was feeling at ease among the old、D.He was excited about a possible job offer、14、Which part of Rubin’s clothes made him look particularly awkward (Para、 4)?A.The necktie、B.The cuffs、C.The suit、D.The shirt、15、What can we learn from the author’s description of Wilhelm’s clothes?A.His shirt made him look better、B.He cared much about his clothes、C.He looked like a comedian in his shirt、D.The clothes he wore never quite matched、PASSAGE TWO(1)By the 1840s New York was the leading commercial city of the United States、 It had long since outpaced Philadelphia as the largest city in the country, and even though Boston continued to be venerated as the cultural capital of the nation, its image had become somewhat languid; it had not kept upwith the implications of the newly industrialized economy, of a diversified ethnic population, or of the rapidly rising middle class、 New York was the place where the “new” Ame rica was coming into being, so it is hardly surprising that the modem newspaper had its birth there、(2)The penny paper had found its first success in New York、 By the mid-1830s Ben Day s Sun was drawing readers from all walks of life、 On the other hand, the Sun was a scanty sheet providing little more than minor diversions; few today would call it a newspaper at all、 Day himself was an editor of limited vision, and he did not possess the ability or the imagination to climb the slopes to loftier heights、 If real newspapers were to emerge from the public's demand for more and better coverage, it would have to come from a youthful generation of editors for whom journalism was a totally absorbing profession, an exacting vocational ideal rather than a mere offshoot of job printing、(3)By the 1840s two giants burst into the field, editors who would revolutionize journalism, would bring the newspaper into the modem age, and show how it could be influential in the national life、 These two giants, neither of whom has been treated kindly by history, were James Gordon Bennett and Horace Greeley、 Bennett founded his New York Herald in 1835, less than two years after the appearance of the Sun、Horace Greeley founded his Tribune in 1841、 Bennett and Greeley were the most innovative editors in New York until after the Civil War、 Their newspapers were the leading American papers of the day, although for completely different reasons、 The two men despised each other, although not in the ways that newspaper editors had despised one another a few years before、 Neither was a political hack bonded to a political party、Greeley fancied himself a public intellectual、He had strong political views, and he wanted to run for office himself, but party factotum he could never be; he bristled with ideals and causes of his own devising、 Officially he was a Whig (and later a Republican), but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party、Bennett, on the other hand, had long since cut his political ties, and although his paper covered local and national politics fully and he went after politicians with hammer and tongs, Bennett was a cynic, a distruster of all settled values、 He did not regard himself as an intellectual, although in fact he was better educated than Greeley、He thought himself only a hard-boiled newspaperman、Greeley was interested in ideas and in what was happening to the country、Bennett was only interested in his newspaper、 He wanted to find out what the news was, what people wanted to read、 And when he found out he gave it to them、(4)As different as Bennett and Greeley were from each other they were also curiously alike、 Both stood outside the circle of polite society, even when they became prosperous, and in Bennett’s case, wealthy、 Both were incurable eccentrics、 Neither was a gentleman、 Neither conjured up the picture of a successful editor、Greeley was unkempt, always looking like an unmade bed、 Even when he was nationally famous in the 1850s he resembled a clerk in a third-rate brokerage house, with slips of paper —marked-up proofs perhaps — hanging out of his pockets or stuck in his hat、 He became fat, was always nearsighted, always peering over spectacles、He spoke in a high-pitched whine Not a few people suggested that he looked exactly like the ill ustrations of Charles Dickens’s Mr、Pickwick、Greeley provided a humorous description of himself, written under the pretense that it had been the work of his long-time adversary James Fenimore Cooper、 The editor was, according to the description, a half-bald, long-legged, slouching individual “so rocking in gait that he walks down both sides of the street at once、”(5)The appearance of Bennett was somewhat different but hardly more reassuring、 A shrewd, wiry Scotsman, who seemed to repel intimacy, Bennett looked around at the world with a squinty glare of suspicion、 His eyes did not focus right、 They seemed to fix themselves on nothing and everything at the same time、 He was as solitary as an oyster, the classic loner、 He seldom made close friendships and few people trusted him, although nobody who had dealings with him, however brief, doubted his abilities、He, too, could have come out of a book of Dickensian eccentrics, although perhaps Ebenezer Scrooge or Thomas Gradgrind comes to mind rather than the kindly old Mr、 Pickwick、 Greeley was laughed at but admired; Bennett was seldom laughed at but never admired; on the other hand, he had a hard professional competence and an encyclopedic knowledge of his adopted country, an in-depth learning uncorrupted by vague idealisms、All of this perfectly suited him for the journalism of this confusing age、(6)Both Greeley and Bennett had served long, humiliating and disappointing apprenticeships in the newspaper business、 They took a long time getting to the top, the only reward for the long years of waiting being that when they had their own newspapers, both knew what they wanted and firmly set about getting it、 When Greeley founded the Tribune in 1841 he had the strong support of the Whig party and had already had a short period of modest success as an editor、 Bennett, older by sixteen years, found solid commercial success first, but he had no one behind him except himself when he started up the Herald in 1835 in a dingy cellar room at 20 Wall Street、 Fortunately this turned out to be quite enough、16、Which of the following is NOT the author’s opinion on Ben Day and his Sun (Para、 2)7A.Sun had once been a popular newspaper、B.Sun failed to be a high-quality newspaper、C.Ben Day lacked innovation and imagination、D.Ben Day had striven for better coverage、17、Which of the following statements is CORRECT about Greeley’s or Bennett’s political stance (Para、 3)7Greeley and Bennett were both strong supporters of their party、Greeley, as a Whig member, believed in his party’s ideals、Bennett, as an independent, loathed established values、Greeley and Bennett possessed different political values、18、Which of the following figures of speech was used to describe Greele y’s manner of walking (Para、 4)?A.Exaggeration、B.Paradox、C.Analogy、D.Personification、19、In Para、 5 Bennett was depicted as a man whoA.had stronger capabilities than GreeleyB.possessed a great aptitude for journalismC.was in pursuit of idealism in journalismD.was knowledgeable about his home country20、How was Greeley different from Bennett according to Para、 6?A.He had achieved business success first、B.He started his career earlier than Bennett、C.He got initial support from a political party、D.He had a more humiliating apprenticeship、PASSAGE THREE(1)Why make a film about Ned Kelly? More ingenious crimes than those committed by the reckless Australian bandit are reported every day、 What is there in Ned Kelly to justify dragging the mesmeric Mick Jagger so far into the Australian bush and away from his natural haunts? The answer is that the film makers know we always fall for a bandit, and Jagger is set to do for bold Ned Kelly what Brando once did for the arrogant Emiliano Zapata、(2) A bandit inhabits a special realm of legend where his deeds are embroidered by others; where his death rather than his life is considered beyond belief; where the men who bring him to “justice” are afflicted with doubts about their role、(3)The bandits had a role to play as definite as that of the authorities who condemned them、 These were men in conflict with authority, and, in the absence of strong law or the idea of loyal opposition, they took to the hills、 Even there, however, many of them obeyed certain unwritten rules(4)These robbers, who claimed to be something more than mere thieves, had in common, firstly, a sense of loyalty and identity with the peasants they came from、They didn't steal the peasant’s harvest; they did steal the lord’s、(5)And certain characteristics seem to apply to “social bandits’’ whether they were in Sicily or Peru、They were generally young men under the age of marriage, predictably the best age for dissidence、Some were simply the surplus male population who had to look for another source of income; others were runaway serfs or ex-soldiers; a minority, though the most interesting, were outstanding men who were unwilling to accept the meek and passive role of peasant、(6)They usually operated in bands between ten and twenty strong and relied for survival on difficult terrain and bad transport、And bandits prospered best where authority was merely local — over the next hill and they were free、Unlike the general run of peasantry they had a taste for flamboyant dress and gesture; but they usually shared the peasants’ religious beliefs and superstitions、(7)The first sign of a man caught up in the Robin Hood syndrome was when he started out, forced into outlawry as a victim of injustice; and when h e then set out to “right wrongs”, first his own and then other people’s、The classic bandit then “takes from the rich and gives to the poor” in conformity with his own sense of social injustice; he never kills except in self-defense or justifiable revenge; he stays within his community and even returns to it if he can to take up an honorable place; his people admire and help to protect him; he dies through the treason of one of them; he behaves as if invisible and invulnerable; he is a “loyalist”, never the enemy of the king but only of the local oppressors、(8)None of die bandits lived up fully to this image of the “noble robber” and for many the claim of larger motives was often a delusion、(9)Yet amazingly, many of these violent men did behave at least half the time in accordance with this idealist pattern、Pancho Villa in Mexico and Salvatore Giuliano in Italy began their careers harshly victimized、Many of their charitable acts later became legends、(10)Far from being defeated in death, bandits’ reputation for invincibility was often strengthened by the manner of their dying、The “dirty little coward” who shot Jesse James in the back is in every ballad about him, and the implication is that nothing else could have brought Jesse down、Even when the police claimed the credit, as they tried to do at first with Giuliano’s death, the local people refused to believe it、And not just the bandit’s vitality prompts the people to refuse to believe that their hero has died; his death would be in some way the death of hope、(11)For the traditional ‘‘noble robber” represents an extremely primitive form of social protest, perhaps the most primitive there is、He is an Individual who refuses to bend his back, that is all、 Most protesters will eventually be bought over and persuaded to come to terms with the official power、 That is why the few who do not, or who are believed to have remained uncontaminated, have so great and passionate a burden of admiration and longing laid upon them、 They cannot abolish oppression、 But they do prove that justice is possible, that poor men need not be humble, helpless and meek、(12)The bandit in the real world is rooted in peasant society and when its simple agricultural system is left behind so is he、 But the tales and legends, the books and films continue to appear for an audience that is neither peasant nor bandit、 In some ways the characters and deeds of the great bandits could so readily be the stuff of grand opera - Don Jose in “Carmen” is based on the Andalusian bandit El Empranillo、 But they are perhaps more at home in folk songs, in popular tales and the ritual dramas of films、 When we sit in the darkness of the cinema to watch the bold deeds of Ned Kelly we are caught up in admiration for their strong individuality, their simple gesture of protest, their passion for justice and their confidence that they cannot be beaten、 This sustains us nearly as much as it did the almost hopeless people from whom they sprang、21、Which of the following words is NOT intended to suggest approval of bandits?A.Bold (Para、 1)、B.Claimed (Para、 4)、C.Legend (Para、 2)、D.Loyalty (Para、 4)、22、Of the following reasons which is the LEAST likely one for becoming bandits?A.They liked theatrical clothes and behavior、B.They wanted to help the poor country folk、C.They were unwilling to accept injustice、D.They had very few careers open to them、23、、、、、began their careers harshly victimized” (Para、 9) means that they 、A.had received excessive ill-treatmentB.were severely punished for their crimesC.took to violence through a sense of injusticeD.were misunderstood by their parents and friends24、What has made bandits suitable as film heroes is that they 、A.are sure they are invincibleB.possess a theatrical qualityC.retain the virtues of a peasant societyD.protest against injustice and inequalitySECTION B SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short answer questions based on the passages in Section A、 Answer each question in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO、PASSAGE ONEIn and there was a certain amount of evidence to back him up (Para、1)”, what does “evidence” refer to?What is Wilhelm’s characteristic that has never changed all those years a ccording to Para、 6? PASSAGE TWOSummarize in your own words the meaning of the italicized part in the last sentence of Para、 2、What does but he seldom gave comfort to his chosen party” mean according to the context (Para、 3)?What is the similarity between Bennett and Greeley according to Paras、 4 and 5?PASSAGE THREEWrite down TWO features of the idealist pattern、(Para 9)Wha t does “hope” mean according to the context? (Para 10)What does “He is an indivi dual who refuses to bend his back” mean? (Para 11)PART III LANGUAGE USAGE [15 MIN]The passage contains TEN errors、 Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error、 In each case, only ONE word is involved、 You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:PART IV TRANSLATION [20 MIN]Translate the following text from Chinese into English、Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE、白洋淀曾有" 北国江南" 得说法，但村舍得形制自具特色，与江南截然不同。
2019年英语专业八级真题听力 Interview(1)
M: Hey, Cathy, did you read this article in the magazine? I can't believe how much man is changing the planet.男：嘿，凯西，你看过杂志上的这篇文章了吗？我简直不敢相信人类改变了这个星球这么多。
W: Yeah, I had a look at it. Quite interesting I suppose if you believe that sort of thing.女：是的，我看了一眼。
我觉得很有趣，如果你相信那档子事的话。
M: What? What do you mean,"if you believe that sort of thing"? Are you saying you don't believe that we are damaging the planet?男：什么？你说的“如果你相信那档子事的话”是什么意思？你是说你不相信我们正在破坏这个星球吗？W: To be honest, Mark, not really.女：说实话，马克，不太相信。
M: What are you saying? Are you saying global warming isn't a fact, deforestation isn't a fact, the greenhouse effect isn't actually happening?男：你在说什么？你是说全球变暖不是事实，砍伐森林不是事实，温室效应也没有真的发生？W: Hey, calm down Mark. I just think too many people takethese things as being definitely true without knowing all the facts.女：嘿，马克，冷静点。
2019年专八真题完整版（包含MINI-LECTURE）word资料31页
2019年专八真题完整版（包含MINI-LECTURE）word资料31页TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’or animals’behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Nowlisten to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At theend of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the secondquarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water FootprintNetwork. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green BlueBook" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized Icould make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doingthat for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofitpurposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing hislifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly allour minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather fora dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the firstpage to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'mreading a lot to pick up my education."。
2019专八真题讲座听力文本
2019专八真题听力练习Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I ‘d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language, and particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe very awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in 1___________________—that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about 2________. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basically o pening up. And… and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cr oss the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. 3_________________________. We make ou rselves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mea n is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to 4__________________________________. We don’t 5________________. We do the opposite.I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to 6________________. When they sit down, they’re sort of 7________________. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves 8________, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women feel chronically 习惯性地_9_______________ than men, so this is not surprising.The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our bodies. But is it also true that 10___________________________________________? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, 11____________________________________________. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot ofdifferences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about 12________________.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either 13______________________ or 14__________________________________. We, for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “Ho w powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we 15________________________________________. Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test. That’s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found—16___________________________, which is 17________. What we find is t hat when you’re 18_________________________________________, 86 percent of you will gamble. When you’re 19_________________________________________, it’s down to only 60 percent, and that’s a pretty significant difference. Here’s what we find on 20___________________________. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning 21___________________________, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that that our bodies change our minds, and our minds can change our behavior, and 22_____________________________________, they say to me, “I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?” so I said, “fake it till you make it.” I ‘m going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, o r at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself “that’s what I want to do.” Configure your brain to_23_______________ in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbal expressions of power and dominance” and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok, next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.2019专八真题听力练习Body language and mindGood morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I ‘d like to focus on how our body language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language, and particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe very awkward wink, or handshake.So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in power dynamics—that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basically opening up. And… and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up. We make ours elves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We don’t mirror them. We do the opposite.I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space. When they sit down, they’re sort of spread out. They raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women fell chronically 习惯性地less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our bodies. But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的things that make up our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two keyhormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is dominance hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you react to stress.Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or low-power poses. We, for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “Ho w powerful do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble. Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test. That’s the whole experiment.And this is what we have found—risk tolerance, which is gambling. What we find is that when you’re in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will gamble. When you’re in the low-power pose condition, it’s down to only 60 percent, and that’s a pretty significant difference. Here’s what we find on dominance hormone. From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning stress hormone, high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me, “I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?” so I said, “fake it till you make it.” I ‘m going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself “that’s what I want to do.” Configure your brain to do the best in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbal expressions of power and dominance” and the strong ef fects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok, next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.。
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M:Cyndie,you've been doing research on disciplinary lit eracy for about20years now.男：辛蒂，到现在为止，你已经研究学科素养大概20年了。
In that time,you've probably been asked just about every thing possible.在这段时间里，你可能被问到各种可能问到的问题。
What question comes up most often these days?这些天里，哪个问题是最常问的？W:That's easy.We're doing better convincing teachers t hat disciplinary literacy is worthteaching,女：这很容易。
我们在说服老师“学科素养是很值得教的”这一点上做得更好了，but they still are hesitant about their students'reactions. 但他们依然对学生的反应持犹豫的态度。
A teacher said to me recently,"I have enough trouble getting my kids to read a textboo kchapter.How would I ever motivate them to read in a di sciplinary way?"最近，有一个老师和我说：“我很难让我的学生们阅读教材的一个章节。
我怎么用学科的方式来激励他们呢？”M:Is that a real question or is it just a mask for teacher r esistance?男：这是一个真实的问题还是教师抗拒的掩饰？W:I think it's a real question,and in fact,it's also our big gest problem,because many teachersstill don't understa nd the distinctions between content area reading and dis ciplinary literacy.女：我认为这是一个真实的问题，事实上，这也是我们最大的问题所在，因为许多老师仍然不明白内容区域阅读和学科素养的区别。
M:What is disciplinary literacy anyway?You said that's d ifferent.男：那什么是学科素养？你说那是不同的。
W:Disciplinary literacy doesn't promise to make someon e a better student.女：学科素养不会保证让一个人成为更好的学生。
It invites students to join the disciplinary field itself.它邀请学生加入学科领域。
It's a kind of invitation to join a club.它是一种加入俱乐部的邀请函。
M:Does it mean it invites students to join the"history clu b"by reading like a historian or the"science club"by read ing like a scientist.男：这是否意味着通过像历史学家一样阅读来邀请学生加入“历史俱乐部”，或是通过像科学家一样阅读来邀请学生加入“科学俱乐部”。
W:Right,but it goes beyond that.It says,"We want you to join us.We want to share withyou our c ognitive secrets,our way of thinking about the world,and how we solve problems.女：是的，但它不止这些。
它表示：“我们想让你加入我们。
我们想与你分享我们的认知秘密、我们是如何看待这个世界以及如何解决问题的。
We want to count you as one of us."In doing that,it bot h holds out the promise of affiliation,connecting with oth ers is a big motivator,我们想把你算作我们的一员。
”这样做的话，它会遵守入会的承诺，与别人联系正是一个很大的动力，and the promise of greater competency with challenging t asks--not competency in being akid or a student,而且会遵守承诺，让你拥有更强的能力来应对具有挑战性的任务——不是作为一个孩子或学生的能力，but competency in being successful with the kinds of thin gs that adults do.而是能够成功应对成年人所做事情的能力。
M:What about assessment?How do we test disciplinary literacy?男：那评估呢？我们如何测试学科素养呢？W:There aren't any standardized disciplinary reading or writing tests yet,女：目前还没有任何学科阅读或写作的标准化测试，but one can easily imagine how classroom assessments could change in the future as instruction becomes more di sciplinary in focus.但你很容易就能想象得到，随着教学更加关注学科，课堂评估在未来会发生怎样的改变。
M:Past assessments in history,literature,or science hav e aimed to find out if students hadmastered particular inf ormation.男：过去对历史、文学或科学的评估都致力于了解学生是否掌握了某个具体的信息。
Questions about content would certainly still have a plac e in disciplinary literacy sinceknowledge matters in discipl inary literacy too.关于内容的问题一定依然在学科素养里留有一席之地，因为知识在学科素养里也很重要。
But what would a more disciplinary assessment look like ?但一个更侧重于学科的评估是什么样子的？W:I think a more disciplinary assessment would seek to find out whether students areinterpreting such informatio n in a sophisticated way according to the traditions of tha t discipline.女：我认为一个更侧重于学科的评估会考查学生是否能根据该学科的传统，用更深刻的方法解释这些信息。
For example,a disciplinary test in history might ask not o nly what we know about a historicalevent,比如，一个历史学科测试可能不单单会问“我们知道一个历史事件的哪些知识”，but how we know about it--students would be questione d about the source of theinformation,the reliability of thesource,and how the information matches with informatio nfrom other sources.还会问我们是怎么知道的——学生会被问到信息的来源和可靠性，以及这个信息是如何与其他来源的信息相匹配的。
In cases where the information is contradictory,the asse ssment might ask students to determine whose account w as more credible,requiring students to weigh evidence u sing thesame kinds of criteria that historians use.如果信息是矛盾的，评估会让学生判断哪个描述是更为可信的，这要求学生用历史学家使用的判断标准来权衡证据。
M:Uhmm.That sounds interesting.男：嗯。
听起来很有趣。
W:Or a literature assessment might ask students to eng age in deeper interpretation than inthe past.女：一个文学评估可能会让学生做出比过去更为深刻的解读。
Instead of asking about the theme of a story,for exampl e,an assessment might ask studentsto determine alterna tive themes and to decide--例如，评估不会问故事的主题，而会让学生从中选择一个主题——based on text evidence--which one the author seemed most sympathetic to.基于文章中的证据——哪一个是作者最为赞同的。
In other words,it would ask the student to participate in t he reading more as a literary critic than a student.换句话说，它会让学生从文学评论家的角度来参与阅读，而不是从学生的角度。