人教版8下第四单元测试题
最新人教版初中数学八年级数学下册第四单元《一次函数》测试题(答案解析)

一、选择题1.一次函数y=-3x-2的图象和性质,表述正确的是( )A .y 随x 的增大而增大B .函数图象不经过第一象限C .在y 轴上的截距为2D .与x 轴交于点(-2,0)2.已知函数(0)y kx k =≠中y 随x 的增大而减小,则一次函数23y kx k =+的图象大致是( )A .B .C .D .3.下列图象中,不表示y 是x 的函数的是( )A .B .C .D .4.如图1,将正方形ABCD 置于平面直角坐标系中,其中AD 边在x 轴上,其余各边均与坐标轴平行,直线l :y =x -3沿x 轴的负方向以每秒1个单位的速度平移,在平移的过程中,该直线被正方形ABCD 的边所截得的线段长为m ,平移的时间为t (秒),m 与t 的函数图象如图2所示,则图2中b 的值为( )A .52B .42C .32D .55.如图,已知直线1:2l y x =,过点()0,1A 作y 轴的垂线交直线l 于点B ,过点B 作直线l 的垂线交y 轴于点C ,过点C 作y 轴的垂线交直线l 于点D ,则点D 的坐标为( )A .()10,5B .()0,10C .()0,5D .()5,10 6.如图1,四边形ABCD 是轴对称图形,对角线AC ,BD 所在直线都是其对称轴,且AC ,BD 相交于点E .动点P 从四边形ABCD 的某个顶点出发,沿图1中的线段匀速运动.设点P 运动的时间为x ,线段EP 的长为y ,图2是y 与x 的函数关系的大致图象,则点P 的运动路径可能是( )A .CB A E →→→B .CDE A →→→ C .A E C B →→→ D .A E D C →→→7.甲乙两地相距3600m ,小王从甲地匀速步行到乙地,同时,小张从乙地沿同一路线匀速步行前往甲地,两人之间的路程(m)y 与小王步行的时间(min)x 之间的函数关系如图中的折线段AB BC CD --所示,已知小张先走完全程.结合图象,得到以下四个结论:①小张的步行速度是100m/min ;②小王走完全程需要36分钟;③图中B 点的横坐标为22.5;④图中点C 的纵坐标为2880.其中错误..的个数是( ) A .1 B .2 C .3 D .48.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点()2,A m 在第一象限,若点A 关于x 轴的对称点B 在直线1y x =-+上,则m 的值为( )A .-1B .1C .2D .3 9.如图,直线443y x =+与x 轴,y 轴分别交于A ,B 两点,点C 在OB 上,若将ABC 沿AC 折叠,使点B 恰好落在x 轴上的点D 处,则点C 的坐标是( )A .(0,1)B .20,3⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ C .30,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ D .(0,2)10.直线y kx b =+经过一、三、四象限,则直线y bx k =-的图象只能是图中的( )A .B .C .D . 11.一个一次函数的图象与直线112y x =-平行,与x 轴、y 轴的交点分别为A ,B ,并且过点(1,5)--,则在线段AB 上(包括端点A ,B )横、纵坐标都是整数的点有( ) A .4个 B .5个C .6个D .7个 12.对于实数a 、b ,我们定义max {a ,b }表示a 、b 两数中较大的数,如max {2,5}=5, max {3,3}=3.则以x 为自变量的函数y =max {-x +3,2x -1}的最小值为( ). A .-1 B .3 C .43 D .53二、填空题13.已知点)(,A m n 在一次函数53y x =+的图像上,则53n m -+的值是______. 14.下列函数:①3x y =,②2y x =,③1y x =,④23y x =-,⑤()2221y x x x =--+其中是一次函数的有_____.(填序号)15.已知:一次函数()21y a x =-+的图象不经过第三象限,化简224496a a a a -+-+=_________.16.已知y 是关于x 的正比例函数,当1x =-时,2y =,则y 关于x 的函数表达式为____.17.如表,y 是x 的一次函数,则m 的值为_____________. x 1-0 1 y3 m0 18.已知直线22y x =-与x 轴交于A ,与y 轴交于B ,若点C 是坐标轴上的一点,且AC AB =,则点C 的坐标为________.19.如图,函数20y x =和40y ax =-的图象相交于点P ,点P 的纵坐标为40,则关于x ,y 的方程组20040x y ax y -=⎧⎨-=⎩的解是______.20.如图,在ABC 中90ACB ∠=︒,AC BC =,BC 与y 轴交于D 点,点C 的坐标为()2,0-,点A 的坐标为()6,3-,则D 点的坐标是__________.三、解答题21.如图,直线22y x =-+与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点A 、B .(1)求A 、B 两点的坐标;(2)在x 轴上有一点P ,使得PAB △的面积为5,求P 点的坐标.22.设一次函数y 1=kx ﹣2k (k 是常数,且k≠0).(1)若函数y 1的图象经过点(﹣1,5),求函数y 1的表达式.(2)已知点P(x 1,m )和Q(﹣3,n )在函数y 1的图象上,若m >n ,求x 1的取值范围. (3)若一次函数y 2=ax+b (a≠0)的图象与y 1的图象始终经过同一定点,探究实数a ,b 满足的关系式.23.上个周末,姚家中学的李老师开车带着家人从学校出发,沿着图①中的线路去绿博园、中牟黄河滩区游玩、然后去官渡中学探望朋友.李老师一家早上7:30开着电动汽车从学校出发行走一段时间到绿博园,在绿博园游玩了一段时间;又开车去雁鸣湖镇辖区的黄河滩,他们在滩区游玩了1.5h ;然后在中午12:30赶到官渡中学(电动汽车的行驶速度是40km/h ).图②中的图象表示李老师一家所行驶的路程()km y 与时间()h x 的函数关系.请结合图中信息解答下列问题:(1)点A 的坐标是______,他们在绿博园游玩了_____h ,线段OA 的函数表达式是______;(2)线段OA ,BC ,DE 平行吗?请简单说明理由.(3)请求出线段BC 的函数表达式;(4)如果李辉在11:30骑电动车从官渡中学出发,以20km/h 的速度沿图①中的线路前往黄河滩区游玩,那么李辉在几点钟会和李老师相遇?24.一辆客车从甲地开往乙地,一辆出租车从乙地开往甲地,两车同时出发,设客车离甲地的距离为1y 千米,出租车离甲地的距离为2y 千米,两车行驶的时间为x 小时,12,y y 关于x 的图象如图所示:(1)客车的速度是 千米/小时,出租车的速度是 千米小时:(2)根据图象,分别直接写出12,y y 关于x 的关系式;(3)求两车相遇的时间;(4)x 为何值时,两车相距100千米.25.如果3个数位相同的自然数m ,n ,k 满足:m n k +=,且k 各数位上的数字全部相同,则称数m 和数n 是一对“黄金搭档数”.例如:因为123,765,888都是三位数,123765888+=,所以123和765是一对“黄金搭档数”.再如:因为26,29,55都是两位数,262955+=,所以26和29是一对“黄金搭档数”.(1)若326与一个个位上的数字是3的数a 是一对“黄金搭档数”,389与一个个位上的数字是8的数b 是一对“黄金搭档数”,直接写出a 和b 的值;(2)若10(19,09)s x y x y =+≤≤≤≤,10(19,09)t x z x z =+≤≤≤≤,且y z <,s 和t 是一对“黄金搭档数”,求这样的“黄金搭档数”一共有多少对?26.一次函数23y x =-+的图像经过点P (1,n ).(1)求n 的值;(2)若一次函数1y mx =-的图像经过点P (2n -1,n ),求m 的值.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、选择题1.B解析:B【分析】根据一次函数y=kx+b (k≠0)的性质:k >0,y 随x 的增大而增大,函数从左到右上升;k <0,y 随x 的增大而减小,即可判断A 项,解析式特点找到函数通过的象限即可判断B 项;使y=0时,对应的横坐标即可判断C ;使x=0时,对应的纵坐标即可判断D .【详解】A. 因为k=-3,所以y 随x 的增大而减小,故此项不正确;B. 根据函数解析式y=-3x-2特点,函数图象经过第二、三、四象限,故此项正确;C. y=-3x-2与y 轴的交点坐标(0,-2),那么在y 轴上的截距为-2,故此项不正确;D. y=-3x-2与x 轴交于点(23-,0),故此项不正确; 故选B【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征,一次函数的图象,一次函数的性质,正确掌握一次函数图象的增减性和一次函数的性质是解题的关键. 2.A解析:A【分析】根据正比例函数的增减性,确定k 的正负,再依据一次函数图象与系数的关系判断即可.【详解】解:∵函数(0)y kx k =≠中y 随x 的增大而减小,∴k<0,∴3k<0,k 2>0,一次函数23y kx k =+的图象经过第二、一、四象限,故选:A .【点睛】本题考查了正比例函数图象和一次函数图象的性质,解题关键是判断一次函数的系数的符号,并根据系数的正负判断图象所经过的象限.3.A解析:A【分析】依据函数的定义,x 取一个值,y 有唯一值对应,可直接得出答案.【详解】解:A 、根据图象知给自变量一个值,可能有2个函数值与其对应,故A 选项不是函数, B 、根据图象知给自变量一个值,有且只有1个函数值与其对应,故B 选项是函数, C 、根据图象知给自变量一个值,有且只有1个函数值与其对应,故C 选项是函数, D 、根据图象知给自变量一个值,有且只有1个函数值与其对应,故D 选项是函数, 故选:A .【点睛】此题主要考查了函数概念,任意画一条与x 轴垂直的直线,始终与函数图象有一个交点,那么y 是x 的函数.4.A解析:A【分析】从图2中,判定从有截长到截长消失,用12-2=10秒,根据正方形的对称性,截长从0到最大用5秒,从而判断正方形的边长为5,对角线长即可确定.【详解】解:从图2中,判定从有截长到截长消失,用12-2=10秒,根据正方形的对称性, 截长从0到最大用5秒,所以正方形的边长为5,所以对角线长为故选A .【点睛】本题考查了坐标系中的平移问题,熟练掌握平移的规律,正方形的对称性,灵活运用数形结合的思想是解题的关键.5.A解析:A【分析】求出B 点的坐标,再求出直线BC 的解析式,从而可得CO 的长度,进一步得出CD 的长度,即可求解.【详解】解:∵A(1,0)∴OA=1当y=1时,112x=,即x=2,∴B(2,1)∵BC⊥l∴设直线BC的解析式为y=-2x+b,把B(2,1)代入得,b=5,∴CO=5,当y=5时,152x=,解得,x=10,∴点D的坐标为(10,5)故选:A【点睛】本题主要考查了如何根据一次函数的解析式和点的坐标求线段的长度,解题时要注意相关知识的综合应用.6.D解析:D【分析】根据图像,以及点的运动变化情况,前两段是y关于x的一次函数图像,判断y随x的增减变化趋势,第一段的最高值与第二段的最高值不相等,即可排除A,B,C选项.【详解】根据图像,前端段是y关于x的一次函数图像,∴应在AC,BD两段活动,故A,B错误,第一段y随x的增大而减小,第二段y随x增大而增大,第一段的最高值与第二段的最高值不相等,∵AE=EC∴C错误故选:D【点睛】本题考查函数的图像,比较抽象,解题的关键是根据图像判断函数值随自变量的值的增减变化情况,以及理解分段函数的最值是解题的关键.7.B解析:B【分析】根据小张先走完全程可知,各个节点的意义,A代表刚开始时两人的距离,B代表两人相遇,C代表小张到达终点,D代表小王到达终点,根据这些节点的意义进行分析即可判断结论的正确与否.【详解】解:由图可知,点C 表示小张到达终点,用时36min ,点D 表示小王到达终点,用时45min ,故②错误;∴小张的步行速度为:360036100(/min)m ÷=,故①正确;小王的步行速度为:36004580(/min)m ÷=,点B 表示两人相遇,∴3600(10080)20(min)÷+=,∴两人20min 相遇,(20,0)B ,故③错误;∵362016(min)-=,∴从两人相遇到小张到终点过了16min ,∴16(10080)2880()m ⨯+=,∴小张到达终点时,两人相距2880m ,∴点C 的纵坐标为2880,故④正确,∴错误的是②③,故选:B .【点睛】本题考查一次函数的应用.解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用数形结合的思想解答. 8.B解析:B【分析】根据关于x 轴的对称点的坐标特点可得B (2,−m ),然后再把B 点坐标代入y =−x +1可得m 的值.【详解】点A 关于x 轴的对称点B 的坐标为:(2,﹣m ),将点B 的坐标代入直线y =﹣x+1得:﹣m =﹣2+1,解得:m =1,故选:B .【点睛】此题主要考查了关于x 轴对称点的坐标,以及一次函数图象上点的坐标特点,关键是掌握凡是函数图象经过的点必能使解析式左右相等.9.C解析:C【分析】先求得点A 、B 的坐标分别为:(﹣3,0)、(0,4),由此可求得AB =5,再根据折叠可得AD =AB =5,故OD =AD ﹣AO =2,设点C (0,m ),则OC =m ,CD =BC =4﹣m ,根据222CO OD CD +=列出方程求解即可.【详解】解:∵直线y =43x +4与x 轴、y 轴分别交于A 、B 两点, ∴当x =0时,y =4;当y =0时,x =﹣3,则点A 、B 的坐标分别为:A (﹣3,0)、B (0,4),∴AO =3,BO =4, ∴在Rt ABC 中,AB =5, ∵折叠,∴AD =AB =5,CD =BC ,∴OD =AD ﹣AO =2,设点C (0,m ),则OC =m ,BC =4﹣m ,∴CD =BC =4﹣m ,在Rt COD 中,222CO OD CD +=,即2222(4)m m +=-,解得:m =32, 故点C (0,32), 故选:C .【点睛】本题考查的是一次函数图象上点的坐标特征,题目将图象的折叠和勾股定理综合考查,难度适中.10.D解析:D【分析】先根据直线y kx b =+经过一、三、四象限判断出k 和b 的正负,从而得到直线y bx k =-的图象经过的象限.【详解】解:∵直线y kx b =+经过第一、三、四象限,∴0k >,0b <,∴0k -<,∴直线y bx k =-经过第二、三、四象限.故选:D .【点睛】本题考查一次函数的图象和性质,解题的关键是掌握根据系数的正负判断函数图象经过的象限的方法.11.B解析:B【分析】首先根据一次函数的图象与直线112y x =-平行,图象经过点(-1,-5),用待定系数法求出函数关系式,然后求出A 、B 两点的坐标,最后根据所求点满足在线段AB 上(包括端点A 、B ),且横、纵坐标都是整数,得出结果;【详解】 一次函数的图象与直线112y x =-平行,设此直线为12y x b =+, 过点(-1,-5), ∴把此点代入,得152b -=-+, 解得92b , ∴此直线为1922y x =-. 当0x =时,92y =-; 0y =时,19022x =-,解得x=9, 故A(9,0),B(0,92-). 由直线的解析式可知,只要x 是奇数时,y 即为整数,而从9到0共有5个奇数,即1,3,5,7,9,故在线段AB 上(包括端点A ,B )横、纵坐标都是整数的点有5个.故选:B .【点睛】本题考查了一次函数平行的特点,列出方程,求出未知数,再根据题意求解;12.D解析:D【分析】分x≤43和x>43两种情况进行讨论计算. 【详解】解:当-x+3≥2x -1, ∴x≤43, 即-x≥-43时,y=-x+3, ∴当-x=-43时,y 的最小值=53, 当-x+3<2x-1,∴x>43, 即:x>43时,y=2x-1, ∵x>43, ∴2x >83, ∴2x-1>53, ∴y >53, ∴y 的最小值=53, 故选:D .【点睛】此题是分段函数题,以及一次函数的性质,主要考查了新定义,解本题的关键是分段.二、填空题13.6【分析】将点代入一次函数中得n-5m=3即可代入求值【详解】∵点在一次函数的图像上∴5m+3=n ∴n-5m=3∴=3+3=6故答案为:6【点睛】此题考查一次函数图象上点坐标特点已知式子的值求代数式解析:6【分析】将点)(,A m n 代入一次函数53y x =+中得n-5m=3,即可代入求值.【详解】∵点)(,A m n 在一次函数53y x =+的图像上,∴5m+3=n ,∴n-5m=3,∴53n m -+=3+3=6,故答案为:6.【点睛】此题考查一次函数图象上点坐标特点,已知式子的值求代数式的值,掌握函数图象上点坐标特点是解题的关键. 14.①②④⑤【分析】根据一次函数的定义进行一一判断【详解】①是一次函数;②是一次函数③不是一次函数④是一次函数⑤是一次函数故答案为:①②④⑤【点睛】考查了一次函数的定义解题关键是熟记:一般地形如y=kx解析:①②④⑤【分析】根据一次函数的定义进行一一判断.【详解】①3x y =是一次函数;②y =是一次函数,③1y x =不是一次函数,④23y x =-是一次函数,⑤()222121y x x x x =--+=+是一次函数.故答案为:①②④⑤.【点睛】考查了一次函数的定义,解题关键是熟记:一般地,形如y=kx+b (k≠0,k 、b 是常数)的函数,叫做一次函数. 15.【分析】首先根据一次函数y=(a-2)x+1的图象不经过第三象限可得a-2<0进而得到a <2再根据二次根式的性质进行计算即可【详解】解:∵一次函数的图象不经过第三象限∴解得:故答案为:【点睛】本题考解析:52a -【分析】首先根据一次函数y=(a-2)x+1的图象不经过第三象限,可得a-2<0,进而得到a <2,再根据二次根式的性质进行计算即可.【详解】解:∵一次函数()21y a x =-+的图象不经过第三象限,∴20a -<,解得:2a <,=23a a =-+-23a a =-+-52a =-,故答案为:52a -.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图象与系数的关系,以及二次根式的化简,关键是掌握:①k >0,b>0⇔y=kx+b 的图象在一、二、三象限;②k >0,b <0⇔y=kx+b 的图象在一、三、四象限;③k <0,b >0⇔y=kx+b 的图象在一、二、四象限;④k <0,b <0⇔y=kx+b 的图象在二、三、四象限.16.y=-2x 【分析】由题意可设y=kx (k≠0)把xy 的值代入该函数解析式通过方程来求k 的值【详解】解:由题意可设y=kx (k≠0)则2=-k 解得k=-2所以y 关于x的函数解析式是y=-2x故答案为:解析:y=-2x【分析】由题意可设y=kx(k≠0).把x、y的值代入该函数解析式,通过方程来求k的值.【详解】解:由题意可设y=kx(k≠0).则2=-k,解得,k=-2,所以y关于x的函数解析式是y=-2x,故答案为:y=-2x.【点睛】本题考查了待定系数法求正比例函数解析式,利用待定系数法求得解析式是关键.17.【分析】首先利用待定系数法求得一次函数的解析式然后把x=0代入解析式即可解决问题【详解】解:设一次函数的解析式为y=kx+b则有解得∴一次函数的解析式为当x=0时m=故答案为:【点睛】本题考查了一次解析:3 2【分析】首先利用待定系数法求得一次函数的解析式,然后把x=0代入解析式即可解决问题.【详解】解:设一次函数的解析式为y=kx+b,则有3k bk b-++⎧⎨⎩==,解得3232kb⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,∴一次函数的解析式为3322y x=-+,当x=0时,m=32.故答案为:32.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图象上点的坐标特征和用待定系数法求一次函数的解析式,能求出一次函数的解析式是解此题的关键.18.【分析】利用待定系数法求出两点坐标利用勾股定理求出根据确定点坐标即可【详解】解:令得到令得到以为圆心长为半径作圆交坐标轴即为点或故答案为:【点睛】本题考查一次函数的应用等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识熟 解析:()15,0+()15,0-()0,2 【分析】利用待定系数法求出A 、B 两点坐标,利用勾股定理求出AB ,根据AC AB =,确定点C 坐标即可.【详解】解:令0x =,得到2y =-,(0,2)B ,令0y =,得到1x =,(1,0)A ∴,1OA ∴=,2OB =,22125AB ,以A 为圆心,AB 长为半径作圆,交坐标轴即为C 点,5ACAB , (15C ,0),(15,0)或(0,2), 故答案为:()15,0+、()15,0-、()0,2. .【点睛】本题考查一次函数的应用,等腰三角形的判定和性质等知识,熟练掌握待定系数法确定交点坐标是解题的关键.19.【分析】由点P 的纵坐标为40代入求得点P 的坐标再利用两图象的交点坐标满足方程组方程组的解就是交点坐标据此求解即可【详解】∵点P 的纵坐标为40∴解得:∴点P 的坐标为()∴方程组即的解为故答案为:【点睛解析:240x y =⎧⎨=⎩【分析】由点P 的纵坐标为40,代入20y x =求得点P 的坐标,再利用两图象的交点坐标满足方程组,方程组的解就是交点坐标,据此求解即可.【详解】∵点P 的纵坐标为40,∴4020x =,解得:2x =,∴点P 的坐标为(2,40),∴方程组2040y x y ax =⎧⎨=-⎩即20040x y ax y -=⎧⎨-=⎩的解为, 故答案为:240x y =⎧⎨=⎩. 【点睛】本题主要考查了一次函数与二元一次方程(组)的关系,函数图象交点坐标为两函数解析式组成的方程组的解,利用了数形结合思想.20.(0)【分析】过A 和B 分别作AF ⊥OC 于FBE ⊥OC 于E 利用已知条件可证明△AFC ≌△CEB 再有全等三角形的性质和已知数据即可求出B 点的坐标然后求出直线BC 的解析式即可得到结论【详解】解:过A 和B 分解析:(0,83) 【分析】过A 和B 分别作AF ⊥OC 于F ,BE ⊥OC 于E ,利用已知条件可证明△AFC ≌△CEB ,再有全等三角形的性质和已知数据即可求出B 点的坐标,然后求出直线BC 的解析式,即可得到结论.【详解】解:过A 和B 分别作AF ⊥OC 于F ,BE ⊥OC 于E ,∵∠ACB =90°,∴∠ACF +∠CAF =90°∠ACF +∠BCE =90°,∴∠CAF =∠BCE , 在△AFC 和△CEB 中,90AFC CBE CAF BCE AC AC ︒⎧∠=∠=⎪∠∠⎨⎪=⎩= , ∴△AFC ≌△CEB (AAS ),∴FC =BE ,AF =CE ,∵点C 的坐标为(﹣2,0),点A 的坐标为(﹣6,3),∴OC =2,AF =CE =3,OF =6,∴CF =OF ﹣OC =4,OE =CE ﹣OC =2﹣1=1,∴BE =4,∴则B 点的坐标是(1,4),设直线BC的解析式为:y=kx+b,则420k bk b+=⎧⎨-+=⎩,∴4383 kb⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,∴直线BC的解析式为:y=43x+83,当x=0时,y=83,∴D(0,83).故答案为:(0,83).【点睛】本题考查了全等三角形的判定和性质,坐标与图形的性质,等腰直角三角形的性质,熟练掌握全等三角形的判定和性质是解题的关键.三、解答题21.(1)(1,0)A,(0,2)B;(2)(6,0)P或(4,0)-.【分析】(1)分别令0y=和0x=即可;(2)设P的坐标(,0)a,根据题目条件列出等量关系即可求出a;【详解】解:(1)把0y=代入,220x-+=,1x=,(1,0)A∴,把0x=代入,2y=,(0,2)B∴;(2)设P的坐标(,0)a,152PA OB⨯=,5PA =,|1|5a -=,6a =或者4-,(6,0)P ∴或者(4,0)-;【点睛】本题主要考查了一次函数的图像性质,准确分析计算是解题的关键.22.(1)151033y x =-+;(2)当k <0时,x 1<﹣3;当k >0时,x 1>﹣3;(3)2a +b =0.【分析】(1)将点(﹣1,5)代入y 1=kx ﹣2k ,求得k 值,即可得出函数解析式;(2)根据一次函数的性质,由k 值判断函数自变量的大小,即可得出结论; (3)根据一次函数y 1=kx ﹣2k 得y 1=k (x ﹣2),可得函数图象经过的定点为(2,0),再将定点坐标代入y 2=ax+b 即可求出实数a ,b 满足的关系式.【详解】解:(1)∵函数y 1的图象经过点(﹣1,5),∴5=﹣k ﹣2k ,解得k =53-, 函数y 1的表达式151033y x =-+; (2)当k <0时,若m >n ,则x 1<﹣3;当k >0时,若m >n ,则x 1>﹣3;(3)∵y 1=kx ﹣2k =k (x ﹣2),∴函数y 1的图象经过定点(2,0),当y 2=ax +b 经过(2,0)时,0=2a +b ,即2a +b =0.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图象与性质,掌握一次函数的图象与性质并能准确理解题意进行解答是解题的关键.23.(1)点1,202A ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,1.5h ,40y x =;(2)线段,,OA BC DE 平行;理由见解析;(3)线段BC 的函数表达式4060y x =-,(4)李辉在12点10分会和李老师相遇.【分析】(1)用路程除以速度求出A 点的时间,用B 点的时间减去A 点的时间在绿博园游玩时间,OA 的表达式y 用时间x 乘以电动汽车的速度40即可,(2)利用电动汽车速度确定三段函数的k 值,k 相同则线段,,OA BC DE 位置关系即可判断,(3)先求出B 点坐标,设出BC 的解析式,由k 为电动汽车的速度,代入求b 即可,(4)先求李老师从黄河区出发的时间,再列出两者相遇的方程,求出相遇时间,加上李辉出发时的时间即可【详解】(1)20÷40=12,点1,202A ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,2-12=1.5h ,线段OA 表达式:40y x =; (2)线段,,OA BC DE 平行,因为电动汽车的行驶速度都是40/km h ,三条线段的函数表达式系数k 都是电动汽车的行驶速度,由一次函数的性质,k 相同,直线是平行的;(3)设BC 的函数表达式y kx b =+,由(1)(2)得40k =,又由图象可知,点B 的坐标是()2,20,所以,20402b =⨯+,解得60b =-,所以,线段BC 的函数表达式4060y x =-;(4)设李辉出发a 小时后,两车相遇,李老师所用时间7时30分出发到在黄河区游玩结束11时45分,比李辉晚出发14小时, 根据题意,得12040304a a ⎛⎫+-= ⎪⎝⎭, 解得23a =, 11时30分出发到相遇用260=403⨯分,即11时70分=12时10分, 所以,他们在12点10分相遇.【点睛】本题考查点的坐标,线段的表达式,线段的位置关系,相遇行程问题,掌握点的坐标求法,线段表达式的求法,会列行程问题应用题,会用数形结合的思想解一次函数中行程问题是解题关键.24.(1)60,100;(2)y 1=60x (0≤x≤10),y 2=-100x+600(0≤x≤6);(3)两车相遇的时间为154小时;(4)258小时或358小时. 【分析】 (1)根据速度=路程÷时间,列式进行计算即可得解;(2)根据两函数图象经过的点的坐标,利用待定系数法求一次函数解析式解答即可; (3)由12y y =列出方程,求出即可;(4)由两车相距100千米,可得|y 1-y 2|=100,即可求解.【详解】解:(1)由图可知,甲乙两地间的距离为600km ,所以,客车速度=600÷10=60(km/h ),出租车速度=600÷6=100(km/h ),故答案为:60,100;(2)设客车的函数关系式为y 1=k 1x ,则10k 1=600,解得k 1=60,所以,y 1=60x (0≤x≤10),设出租车的函数关系式为y 2=k 2x+b ,则206600k b b +⎧⎨=⎩=, 解得2100600k b =-⎧⎨=⎩, 所以,y 2=-100x+600(0≤x≤6),故答案为:y 1=60x (0≤x≤10),y 2=-100x+600(0≤x≤6);(3)当出租车与客车相遇时,60x=-100x+600,解得x=154. 所以两车相遇的时间为154小时;(4)由题意可得:|-100x+600-60x|=100,∴x=258或358, 答:x 为258小时或358小时,两车相距100千米. 【点睛】 本题考查一次函数的应用,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用一次函数的性质和数形结合的思想解答.25.(1)673,388a b ==;(2)10对.【分析】(1)由黄金搭档数的定义可得:326+999,a =389+=777b ,解方程从而可得答案; (2)由10,10,s x y t x z =+=+可得,s t 的十位上的数字是相同的,再结合19,09,09,x y z ≤≤≤≤≤≤ y <,z 可得:,s t 都是两位数,s <t ,由20,s t x y z +=++可得0<4,x ≤ 结合x 为正整数,再分类讨论可得答案.【详解】解:(1) 326与一个个位上的数字是3的数a 是一对“黄金搭档数”,326∴与a 的和的个位数是9,且它们的和也是三位数,一对黄金搭档数的和各位数上的数字全部相同,326+999,a ∴=673,a ∴=同理可得:389+=777b ,388,b ∴=综上:673,388.a b ==(2)10,10,s x y t x z =+=+,s t ∴的十位上的数字是相同的,19,09,09,x y z ≤≤≤≤≤≤ y <,z1099,1099,s t ∴≤≤≤≤ 且,s t 都是两位数,s <t ,s 和t 是一对“黄金搭档数”,s ∴与t 的和也是一个两位数,且各位数上的数字全部相同,101020,s t x y x z x y z +=+++=++0∴<4,x ≤ x 为正整数, x 的可能的值为1,2,3,4.综上可得:满足条件的数有10对,分别是:当1x =时,10,12,s t ==当2x =时,20,24,s t == 或21,23,s t ==当3x =时,30,36,s t == 或31,35,s t == 或32,34,s t ==当4x =时,40,48,s t == 或41,47,s t == 或42,46,s t == 或43,45.s t == 综上:这样的“黄金搭档数”一共有10对.【点睛】本题考查的是新定义:黄金搭档数的定义的理解,利用定义借助方程,不等式,对变量的范围的理解进行分类讨论,解题的关键是弄懂题意,作出合适的分类.26.(1)1;(2)m =2【分析】(1)把点P (1, n )代入一次函数 y=−2x+3 即可求出n 的值;(2)由(1)可得P (1,1),由一次函数 y=mx−1 的图像经过点P (1,1),可得m 的值.【详解】(1)一次函数23y x =-+的图像经过点P (1,n ),n =-2+3=1;(2)由n =1,P (2n -1,n ),可得P (1,1),一次函数1y mx =-的图像经过点P (1,1),11m =-,解得m=2.【点睛】本题考查一次函数图象上点的坐标特征,解答本题的关键是明确题意,利用一次函数的性质解答.。
人教版八年级英语下册第四单元测试及答案

人教版八年级英语下册第四单元测试限时:60分钟满分:100分一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分)1. —Why don't you watch TV at home?—I'd love to, but my mother doesn't allow me________ that.A. doB. didC. to doD. doing2. Mr. Wang found Li Dong________ a storybook in class when he came in.A. is readingB. readingC. readD. to read3. —Mom, I'm not feeling well.—Oh, dear!________A. What's wrong?B. Not at all.C. All right.D. Don't worry.4. I wanted to________ why I was late, but he didn't give me any chances.A. talkB. believeC. explainD. understand5. —How will she deal with the work?—She doesn't want to do it by herself. She wants to ask someone else to do it, ________.A. yetB. insteadC. tooD. either6. We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so ________.A. quickB. quicklyC. usefulD. usefully7. Good manners can make people________ each other.A. get on well withB. get offC. get overD. get away8. Xiongan New Area will help________ big problems in Beijing, such as traffic jams.A. set outB. check outC. work outD. give out9. —We shouldn't always ________ ourselves with others.—I agree with you.A. compareB. complainC. connectD. consider10. When your parents are very busy, you should________ to help around the house.A. offerB. provideC. continueD. ask11. Let me take down your telephone number________ I can call you later.A. in order toB. so as toC. so thatD. such that12. ________they are brothers, they don't look like each other.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. WhenD. If13. You look too tired. Why not________ a rest?A. stop to haveB. to stop havingC. stop havingD. stopping to have14. —Let's go for a swim on Saturday, Jack.—Oh, ________I have to work on a science report.A. what a pity!B. with pleasure.C. go ahead.D. how come?15. Some people won't realize the importance of their friendship ________ they lose it.A. afterB. whenC. untilD. as二、完形填空(每小题1.5分,共15分)Students may have problems with their minds. Some students become worried because they have to study very ________16. Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates.A student of Grade 8 could not understand his teacher and was doing ________17in his lessons. He became so worried about it that he ________18 to cut his finger with a knife.Another student was afraid of ________19. She got very worried ________20 she looked at the exam paper, and she could write nothing. A report says that 18% of Shanghai students have mental(心理的) problems. Their troubles include being worried and ________21, having problems in learning and getting on with people. Many students who have problems won't ask for ________22.Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor. Others don't want to talk ________23 their secrets.A famous expert on students has the following ________24:◇Talk to your parents and teachers often.◇Take part in group activities and play sports.◇Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy ________25 unwell.16. A. hard B. hardly C. easy D. easily17. A. worse B. badly C. well D. better18. A. refused B. stopped C. forgot D. started19. A. friends B. exams C. doctors D. books20. A. when B. what C. where D. why21. A. happy B. unhappy C. lucky D. unlucky22. A. success B. chance C. help D. dream23. A. to B. with C. about D. in24. A. suggestion B. facts C. fact D. suggestions25. A. as B. or C. but D. so三、阅读理解(每小题2分,共10分)Dear Mom,I don't think you understand me. You think I should study all the time. I know you want me to find a good job when I grow up, but I would like to have a wonderful time, too. You never let me do anything fun like listening to music and playing sports.Two days ago, when I was watching a football game on TV, you asked me to stop to do my homework. After finishing my homework, I still wasn't allowed to read my football magazines.You said I had to go to bed early. That was bad enough, but yesterday was the worst day. I bought some CDs for computer games, and put them in my bag so that you wouldn't see them. I told you I had to do my homework first. I know it is wrong to lie to you, but you told me that Dad would talk to me later. Mom, I don't like what you did to me! I really love you, Mom, but I wish you could try not to be so hard on me.Love,Chen Kun26. Chen Kun's mother asks him to study all the time because ________.A. she doesn't understand himB. she wants him to be one of the top students of his schoolC. she wants him to find a good job when he grows upD. she doesn't want him to have a wonderful time27. What did Chen Kun probably do after finishing his homework two days ago?A. He watched a football game on TV.B. He went to bed early.C. He read his football magazines.D. He listened to some music.28. Why did Chen Kun put the CDs in his bag?A. Because he didn't want his mother to see them.B. Because he wanted to do his homework first.C. Because he wanted to lie to his mother.D. Because he didn't want his father to see them.29. Chen Kun knows it is________ to lie to his mother.A. easyB. excitingC. wrongD. hard30. The writer of the letter tries to tell us ________.A. children should not have a wonderful timeB. children should study all the timeC. parents should talk to their children firstD. parents shouldn't be so hard on their children四、任务型阅读(每小题2分,共10分)A man came home from work late, tired and unhappy. 34.He found his 5-year-old son waiting for him at the door.The boy asked, “Daddy, how much do you make every hour?” The father was angry at his son's question. When he said $20 an hour, the little boy asked him for $10. The father was even angrier because he thought the boy just wanted some money to buy a toy. So he didn't answer his son.The little boy quietly went to his room. After about an hour, the man calmed himself down(使……平静)and started to think: Maybe there was something he really needed to buy with that $10.“Maybe I was too hard on you just now, ” the man went into his son's room and said.“Here's the $10 you asked for.”“Oh, thank you, Daddy!” the little boy said. Then he reached under his pillow(枕头), pulled out some crumpled (压皱的)money and said, “Daddy, I have $20 now. Can I buy an hour of your time? Please come home early tomorrow, 35.我很想和你共进晚餐。
人教版道德与法治八年级下册第四单元《崇尚法治精神》测试题

第四单元《崇尚法治精神》测试题一、单选题1.观察下边这幅漫画,我们应该具有的正确认识有()①要处处忍让他人②干粗活脏活的人应有自知之明③要文明礼貌,友善对待他人④要平等待人,尊重他人人格A.①②B.②④C.③④D.①④2.小陈与某装饰公司之间因工作待遇问题发生了劳动争议。
依据《劳动法》规定,双方当事人可以通过下列方式解决问题()①申请调解②双方协商③申请仲裁④提起诉讼A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④D.①②③④3.我国在司法体制改革的进程中,主要是突出了“全面推进以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度的改革”本项制度改革主要明确几点:(1)重证据,以证据说法;(2)以审判为中心,不审判不能定罪。
(3)不受任何行政干扰。
这一切都说明了()A.这项制度能消除冤假错案的产生B.这项制度能减少冤假错案的产生C.这项制度能保障每个人都得到平等的司法救助D.这项制度能保障所有人的利益4.作为公民,我们应这样维护公平( )①面对利益冲突,我们要站在公平的立场学会担当,以公平之心为人处世②遇到不公平的行为时,我们要敢于对不公平说“不”③受到不公平的对待时,我们要采用合理合法的方式和手段,谋求最大限度的公平④不惜采用一切方式和手段同不公平行为作斗争,捍卫公平A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④5.2018年8月31日,十三届全国人大常委会第五次会议表决通过关于修改个人所得税法的决定,起征点确定为每月5000元。
另外新个税法规定:专项附加扣除,包括子女教育、继续教育、大病医疗、住房贷款利息或者住房租金、赡养老人等支出,具体范围、标准和实施步骤由国务院确定,并报全国人大常委会备案。
这C.对老年人存在不公平D.有利于实现绝对公平6.2019年3月20日,教育部办公厅印发《关于做好2019年普通中小学招生入学工作的通知》规定:严禁提前组织招生,变相“掐尖”选生源;严禁以高额物质奖励、虚假宣传等不正当手段招揽生源。
对此,下列认识正确的有①有利于保障学生的受教育权②是推进教育公平的重要举措③限时制了学生的择校自由④不利于因材施教,培养创新人才A.①②B.②③C.①④D.③④7.近年来,我国政府高度重视解决发展不平衡、社会保障体系不完善等问题,致力子维持社会公平。
人教版部编版道德与法治八年级下册第四单元崇尚法治精神测试题(含答案)

八年级道德与法治下册第四单元测试卷一、单项选择题(每小题3分,共45分)1.自由、平等、公正、法治是社会主义核心价值观的重要内容,是社会层面的价值取向。
对于几者关系说法正确的是()①法治是实现自由平等、公平正义的保证②追求自由平等、维护公平正义是法治的价值追求③因为自由,社会弱者也应分享公共资源,获得平等发展的机会④必要的限制是对自由的保护A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④2.2018年1月至2019年4月,广东依法立案查处涉黑涉恶腐败和“保护伞”问题2000多人,其中厅级干部5人、处级干部94人。
这表明()A.扫黑除恶是我省现阶段的中心工作B.法律是由国家制定或认可的行为规范C.每个公民都平等享有法律规定的权利D.任何人都没有超越宪法和法律的特权3.2019年我国政府继续提高退休人员基本养老金;适当提高城乡低保、专项救助等标准;加强困境儿童保障。
从平等角度看,对这些特殊群体所采取的政策措施理解正确的是()A.体现同等情况同等对待B.在我国允许特殊群体享有特权C.体现不同情况差别对待D.人们在人格与法律地位上不同4.“向往平等,天经地义;追求平等,人性所至。
”下列关于践行平等的说法正确的是()A.践行平等就要反对特权B.践行平等就要追求自由C.践行平等就要享受权利D.践行平等就要履行义务5.在今年“两会”上,最高人民法院和最高人民检察院对“昆山反杀案”“赵宇见义勇为案”等热点案件作出回应,提出“依法支持公民通过正当防卫同犯罪行为作斗争,保护见义勇为”,强调“法不能向不法让步”。
这有利于()①捍卫社会的公平正义②鼓励公民同不法行为作斗争③树立良好的社会价值导向④消除全社会的违法犯罪行为A.①②③B.①②④C.①③④D.②③④6.以下能够体现维护公平正义的事件有()①生产问题疫苗的长春长生公司被严惩并强制退市,相关公职人员被严厉问责②从2019年至2021年,自主就业退役士兵在创业就业时可享受税收优惠政策③中国法律服务网实现请律师、办公证、求法援、找调解“指尖办”“马上办”④某市政府为整治冬季空气污染,严令郊区村民一律不得烧煤取暖,违者重罚A.①②③B.②③④C.①③④D.①②④7.平等是人类的崇高理想,是社会发展的永恒主题。
人教版八年级历史下第四单元测试题及答案

八年级历史下学期第四单元测试附参考答案一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分)1.我国各民族能相互团结、共同繁荣,经受各种风浪的考验,最重要的原因是我国()A.各少数民族进入了社会主义B.实行了民族区域自治制度C.在少数民族地区进行了民主革命D.实行了改革开放的伟大决策2我国各民族的关系是()A.大杂居B.小聚居C.以汉族为主体D.相互依存,不可分离3.我国现有省级民族自治区()A.5个B.6个C.7个D.8个4.少数民族人口较多的西部地区出现大开发,大发展的新气象是由于()A.中共中央人民政府实行各民族共同发展的政策B.中共中央人民政府实行民族区域自治的政策C.西部开发战略的实施D.中共提出各民族一律平等的政策5.我国处理民族关系的一项重要政治制度,是在少数民族地区实行()A.民族平等B.民族团结C.民族区域自治D.共同繁荣6.支援少数民族地区的杰出代表是()A.王进喜B.雷锋C.焦裕禄D.孔繁森7.“五十六个民族,五十六枝花,五十六个兄弟姐妹是一家。
”这首歌反映了中国是个统一的多民族的国家,党和政府在少数民族地区实行的政策包括:()①实行民族平等的原则②实行民族团结的原则③实行共同繁荣的原则④反对民族歧视和压迫⑤实行民族区域自治的原则A.①②③④⑤B.①②③⑤C.①②④⑤D.②③④⑤8.我国能够对香港、澳门恢复行使主权的重要因素是()A.新中国已经成为独立的主权国家B.国家统一是中华民族的共同愿望C.改革开放使我国的综合国力增强D. “一国两制”的构想为有关各方接受9.江泽民曾指出:“香港回归祖国,是彪炳中华民族史册的千秋功业,香港同胞从此成为香港的真正主人,香港历史从此揭开了崭新的篇章。
”文中的“从此”所指的具体时间是()A.1997年6月1日B.1997年7月1日C.1997年8月1日D.1997年9月1日10.中国政府于20世纪80年代提出“一国两制”构想,其总体目标是为了()A.解决香港回归问题B.解决澳门回归问题C.用和平方式解决台湾问题D.实现祖国统一大业11.海峡两岸关系协会和海峡交流基金会于1992年达成的重要共识是()A.台湾当局调整“三不”政策B.海峡两岸均坚持一个中国原则C.将“加强两岸经济交流,互补互利”写进两会会谈协议D.两岸实现直接“三通”12.“一国两制”的确切含义是()A.一个国家,两个政党执政B.一个政权,两个国家联盟C.一个国家,两个中央政府D.一个国家,两种社会制度13.邓小平说:“要实现统一,就要有个适当方式,所以我们建议举行两党平等会谈,实行第三次合作,而不提中央与地方谈判。
人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 4 单元测试卷(含答案)

Unit 4单元测试卷一、单项选择( ) 1. We didn’t cut the cake________Amy made a wish.A. becauseB. untilC. ifD. but( ) 2. Every evening my father________newspapers while my mother watches TV.A. puts upB. looks forC. gives awayD. looks through ( ) 3. Bob’s mother doesn’t allow him________computer games on school nights.A. playsB. to playC. playingD. play( ) 4. -You look unhappy. What’s your________?-I had an argument with my parents.A. accidentB. adviceC. questionD. problem( ) 5. ________give her a chance to correct her mistakes?A. Why don’t giveB. Let’sC. Why don’tD. How about ( ) 6. Cindy hopes to save some money________she can buy a gift for her mother.A. even ifB. untilC. whileD. so that( ) 7. We can’t________this math problem. Can you help us?A. work outB. compare withC. prepare forD. put down( ) 8. He is angry with his mother, because she always________him with the best student in his class.A. complainsB. comparesC. agreesD. makes( ) 9. ________you say, I won’t change my mind.A. HoweverB. WhateverC. WhetherD. If( ) 10. -Shall we go to the supermarket after school? I need to buy something.-________Let’s meet at the school gate at 5 p.m.A. It doesn’t matter.B. Are you OK?C. Why not?D. That’s all right.二、完形填空Dear Peter,Without knowing more about you, it is hard for me to give you some good advice.But first, I am sure that you are____1____. You said that nobody would care if you left home. What about your____2____and other family members? It seems that you are very____3____. You’d better go to a doctor or talk____4____your parents. They will be able to help you.Second, I’m sure there’s something else in your class who feels lonely, ____5____. You never know____6____other people feel. Try to make friends with your classmates. And you could____7____a club to meet new people and make friends, too.You____8____find happiness in yourself. So my____9____advice is to write a list of all the good things about yourself and learn to like yourself, and then____10____will see your confidence and like you, too.Editor ( ) 1. A. right B. wrong C. OK D. well( ) 2. A. teachers B. classmates C. friends D. parents( ) 3. A. popular B. tired C. sad D. kind( ) 4. A. to B. about C. of D. on( ) 5. A. too B. either C. also D. as well( ) 6. A. why B. how C. when D. where( ) 7. A. take part in B. join C. join in D. take( ) 8. A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. couldn’t D. need to( ) 9. A. finally B. last C. end D. one( ) 10. A. other B. the other C. another D. others三、阅读理解Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you.Set a certain bedtime and rising time.A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t change your bedtime or rising time on weekends.Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping.Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep.Keep the bedroom for sleeping only.It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep.Don’t go to bed too early.Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness.Take a warm shower before your bedtime.A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45℃-50℃not only is a great relax at a day’s end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in the temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. ( ) 1. If you want to build up your body clocks, you should________.A. set a certain bedtime and rising timeB. go to bed neither too early nor too lateC. keep the bedroom for sleeping onlyD. take a warm shower before sleeping( ) 2. Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping?A. Because they will get your thoughts running.B. Because you have to make tomorrow’s plan.C. Because you should read an exciting story.D. Because you will have to turn off the light.( ) 3. Your bedroom should be kept for________only.A. talkingB. eatingC. readingD. sleeping( ) 4. According to the passage, ________will make you feel sleepy.A. taking a cold showerB. the coming drop in the temperature of your body after a warm showerC. your daily experienceD. raising your body temperature四、补全对话根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项。
人教版八年级下册英语四单元unit4测试卷(附答案)

八年级第二学期四单元测试英语试卷(时间:60分钟满分:100分)一、单选题(每题1分,共40分)( ) 1. --___________ go shopping with me?---I’d love to. But I have to finish my homework first.A.You’d betterB. What aboutC. Why not( ) 2. You can’t use my computer because I’m ___________ it.A.working on B. depending on C. talking about( ) 3. He couldn’t look after himself, _________, he fell sick and his grades dropped.A.as a result B. anyway C. however( ) 4. After _______ this shirt with that one, he knows which one is better.A.communicating B. controlling C. comparing( ) 5. With my mother’s help, my problems __________. And I am happy.A.worked on B. worked out C. worked with( )6. Their mother decided to ________a few of after-school classes in order to give kids more time to relax.A.cut off B. cut down C. cut out( ) 7. We all like Mr. Li because he can always explain things ______ us clearly.A.for B. with C. to( ) 8. Everyone likes Mike because he is nice ______ people around.A.to B. for C. with( ) 9. You shouldn’t take photos here ________the museum doesn’t allow us to do so.A.although B. while C. since( ) 10. The Spring Festival is one of the ________ Chinese festivals, you can know a lot about Chinese culture from it.A.different B. typical C. usual( ) 11. _______ stress is bad for kids.A.Too manyB. Too muchC. A few( ) 12. I’m not sure where he is now, _______ he is on the way home. Please wait for him here.A.perhaps B. sometimes C. until( ) 13. He didn’t go home ______ he finished all his work.A.although B. so that C. until( ) 14. After reading these books, please __________to the library.A.return it B. give them C. give them back ( ) 15. We push ourselves so hard ________ we can get into a good university.A.although B. so that C. until( ) 16. I didn’t sweep the floor, _______. So our house is in a mess.A.so can my sister B. neither did my sister C. neither does my sister. ( ) 17. If you have no idea about how to cook, you could ______ the Internet for cooking ways.A.look up B. look after C. look through ( ) 18. Listening to music is a great way to forget ________ our problems A.to B. about C. out( ) 19. He always argues _____ his mother _____ small things.A.with, about B. into, about C. about, with ( ) 20. He is busy every day. He doesn’t play games, he just spends his free time helping homeless people ________A.anyway B. anymore C. instead ( ) 21. You are not the only one to be tired, ________ you should help with housework.A.anyway B. anymore C. any minute now ( ) 22. They became good friends again and decided not to fight with each other _______A.anyway B. anymore C. any minute now ( ) 23. My problem is that I can’t _________ my family. The relations between us are terrible.A.get along with B. come over to C. be away from ( ) 24. After doing homework, you can do _______ you like.A.whatever B. how C. whoever ( ) 25. We should have a ______ attitude to the problems in our daily life.A.fair B. proper C. typical ( ) 26. You’d better not _______ here.A.to smoke B. smoking C. smoke ( ) 27. --What is your ________ about doing chores?--I think doing chores is good for kids.A.competition B. spirit C. opinion ( ) 28. –Which would you like to drink, coffee or cola?--I like ______of them. Give me a cup of water.A.either B. both C. neither ( ) 29. I find _____ important to talk with others when having different ideas.A.this B. it C. that ( ) 30. _____ he is poor, he still feels happy every day.A.AlthoughB. UnlessC. Because ( ) 31. Don’t bring things to school, our school will ______ you ______ everything you need.A.provide, with B. provide, for C. provide, /( ) 32. My parents are always nervous ________ our safety especially when we are alone.A.with B. on C. about ( ) 33. Tom lives next to me. We are good _______A.neighbors B. friends C. trainers ( ) 34. Watching TV all the time without moving can _______health problems.A.depend onB. decide onC. cause( ) 35. After he got better, he ________ working in hospital to help people in need.A.controls B. continues C. competes ( ) 36. --My pen is broken. Could I please _______ one of your pens. --Sorry, I ______ it to Tom just now.A.borrow, lent B. lend, borrowed C. lend, lent ( ) 37. The book is on your desk. Please ___________.A.pass it to me B. pass me C. pass them to me ( ) 38. --It’s time ___________. Let’s go to the kitchen.A.for lunchB. to lunchC. for class ( ) 39. --I think some activities are good for kids.--I ________you. So children should have more time to take part in some.A.agree with B. disagree with C. guess not ( ) 40. I like sports, _______ my sister likes reading.A.since B. until C. while二、完型填空(每题1分,共10分)Children love their parents, but I didn’t get on well with my parents before. I hardly talked to my parents, because they liked to 41______me with my sister. And that made me 42_____. I sometimes argued 43______ them for that.However, I wanted to show them that I could do things as well as my sister. Then I began to 44_____ most of my free time painting in my bedroom. Luckily, my art teacher, Miss Green, 45_____ to help me a lot. She taught me some drawing 46_____ to improve my painting. She was the only person I would like to talk with.One day, I told Miss Green about my problem. She encouraged me to enter a painting competition. In her mind, the best way to communicate with my parents was to prove(证明)47_____ . I took her advice. Several days later, Miss Green told me the result. I was very happy and excited 48_____ I won the first prize! My parents were very 49______ and I could see that they were very happy. And they began to care more about me. Now 50_____ between my parents and me have become very good. And I think it’s very important to have someone to talk with.( )41. A. share B. compare C. about( )42.A.happy B. unhappy C. excited( )43. A. with B. for C. about( )44.A.spend B. cost C. take( )45. A. had B. needed C. offered( )46. A. skills B. members C. decisions( )47. A. myself B. yourself C. herself( )48. A.so B. though C. because( )49. A. crazy B. surprised C. clear( )50. A. relations B. situations C. opinions三、阅读(每题2分,共30分)(A)Sometimes you might feel it impossible to get on with your parents. But in fact, it isn't as difficult as you think. Follow these ways, and then you'll improve your relationship with them.Spend more time with your parents. Your parents won't always be around, so try to spend more time with them. This doesn't mean just sitting in front of the TV together. Instead, you should do more activities with your parents together. By doing them, all of you will feel happy and relaxed.Talk with your parents more often. In order to understand them better, you should talk with them more often. Try to learn more about them. For example, you could ask them about their own childhood. In this way, you will understand them better.Always listen to your parents. This may seem simple, but it's often harder than you think. Look at your parents when they are talking. Don't interrupt them, and then speak clearly when replying to them.Share your feelings with your parents. Sometimes your parents also want to learn more about you. Just do your best to open your heart to them. When possible, talk to them about something at school or what you really want to be in the future.Make your parents feel proud (自豪的). There are always some ways to make your parents feel good about you. By working hard, you can do well at school or win prizes in games. They will think how lucky they are to have you and be more willing to talk about you in front of others.51.Who is the passage written for?A.Parents.B.Children.C.Old people.52.How can you get on with your parents according to the second paragraph?A.By watching TV with them all the time.B.By helping them to do the chores.C.By spending more time with them.53.What might the underlined word “interrupt” mean in Chinese?A.打断B.注视C.理睬54.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A.Here are five different ways to help you get on with your parents.B.It's important to learn to share your feelings with your parents.C.To improve the relationship with your parents,you should do everything for them.55.What's the best title for the passage?A.How to get on with your parentsB.When to talk to your parentsC.Why should we study hard at school?(B)请阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,在下面表格中填入与文章意思最符合的单词。
2020年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 4单元测试卷(含答案)

第四单元检测卷时间:120分钟满分:120分听力部分(25分)Ⅰ.听句子,选择恰当的应答语。
听两遍。
(5分)( )1.A.I don't think so. B.Thank you.C.I have too much pressure about study.( )2.A.You should say sorry. B.That's right. C.You are wrong.( )3.A.It doesn't matter. B.Here we are. C.You are welcome.( )4.A.I'm a teacher. B.That's a good idea. C.Let's go.( )5.A.Sure. B.Let's go. C.Yes,you can.Ⅱ.听五段短对话,根据对话内容选择正确的答案。
听两遍。
(5分) ( )6.What does the woman think the man should do? A.Write to his best friend.B.Talk to his best friend.C.Call his best friend.( )7.When should the woman return the ruler?A.On Monday. B.On Tuesday. C.On Thursday. ( )8.What did Linda do last night?A.She did her homework.B.She studied with her friends.C.She watched TV.( )9.Why was Nancy excited?A.She didn't pass her math test.B.She passed the history test.C.She won the speech contest.( )10.What does the man think of computer games? A.They are boring.B.They are interesting but bad for studies. C.They are fun and good for studies.Ⅲ.听两段长对话,选择正确的答案。
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Unit 4一、根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成句子。
1.My mother doesn't _________(允许)me to stay out late on school nights.2.I like the bike very much, but I don't have______(足够的)money to buy it.3. Can you_______(猜测)how old the woman is?4. What's w________ with your watch? -It's broken.5.The girl is not right, but it’s not a big d______.二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.They're both good at ________ (run)2.Thanks for ______(help) me so much.3. I found them _______ (read) books when I arrived here.4. They have too many_______ (class) in a week.、5. My parents don’t allow me _________ (go) out at night.6. Please tell them ________(do) some chores at home.7. My mother's birthday is coming. I want to buy a gift ________ (surprise) her.8. He will ________(buy) some flowers for his mother on her birthday.9. Tim wants me_________ (help) him with his math.10. Could you give us some______ (advice)?11. The _________ (develop) of China is very fast.12. There are some __________ ( different) between them.13. Jim is a lot ________ (busy) than Bob.14. The boy practices________(play) the violin every day.15.Chi Li is a ________ (success) writer.三、根据汉语意思完成句子.1.我想学习一些考试技巧;以便明年能进入一所好高中。
I want_______ _______ some exam________ ________ _________ I can get into a good high school next year. ’2.家长们总是把孩子送去上各种各样的课程。
Parents always send their kids _______ all _______ ________ classes.3.昨天晚上直到看完这本书我才去睡觉。
I ______ _______ to bed _______ I _________reading the book last night.4.他不能删掉这些活动,因为它们对他的未来很重要。
He can't ______ _______ these activities because_______ very important for his ________.5. 为什么不和我们闲逛呢?Why not ________ _______ ________ us?6.昨天我和我最好的朋友吵架了!I ______ _______ _______ _______ ________ my best friend yesterday.7. 妈妈正在和李阿姨通电话。
Mom is talking with Aunt Li ______ _______ _______.8. 他妈妈还在生他的气。
His mother _______ still ______ _______ him.9. 依我看,你应该跟他谈谈。
________ _______ ________, you should talk to him.10. 你为什么不出去散步呢?______ ______ you ______ out for a walk?11.你可以攒点钱,以便能够买到你喜欢的那本书。
You can ______ some money ______ ______ you can buy the book that you like.四、选择填空。
(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)( ) 26. --Would you please________ the timetable for me and see when the train is leaving? --Of course l will.A.look aroundB. look throughC. look upD. look into( ) 27. --Which one of these do you want? 一_______ . Either will be OK.A.No problemB. I'm sureC. Come onD. I don't mind( ) 28. --I have一____一homework to do. l feel_____ tired.A. too , much, too muchB. much too, much too.C. too much, much tooD. much too, too much ( ) 29. --A British high school is going to allow students______ lessons in the afternoon.A.startB. startingC. to startD. started( ) 30. --How are you getting along with your new classmates? --Very well. They are all_______ me.A.afraid ofB. nice toC. angry withD. worry for( ) 31. –Many primary school students go to study center on weekends. —Parents______ their kids so hard.A.pushB. pressC. teachD. pull( ) 32.—Are your opinions______ ours? —No,mine are ________ to yours.A.same as,different B.different from,some C. different from, similar D. the same as, different ( ) 33.--Why are the old woman’s eyes full of tears . --The sad story ________ memories of her childhood.A.called upB. called atC. cared aboutD. cared for( ) 34. As the story_______, the truth about strange person is slowly found out.. A. begins B. happens C. ends D. continues( ) 35.What’s the result of their discussion? –They both wanted to use the car, so they did a ________.A.matterB. risk c. deal D. decision( ) 36. Please wait until the road is________ before crossing. –OK, I will.A. cleanB. heavy -C. clearD. broken( ) 37. The company _______ the job to someone else. –What a pityA.gaveB. offeredC. providedD. returned .( ) 38. I really don’t know _________.A.where does he come fromB. what is his nameC. what is the matter with himD. when will he leave ( ) 39. His life seemed no passion(激情). –It’s a pity that he can never find any _________ for celebration.A.ideaB. storyC. excuseD. cause( ) 40. –From the conversation, can you guess the_______ between them? --Maybe they are father and son.A.relationB. reasonC. opinionD. communication五、完形填空。
(共15小题,每小题l分, 满分15 )Since her husband died, Mrs. Jackson has lived alone in their big old house. The house was bought by her husband almost fifty years ___41___.For the sake of safety (为安全起见), her son has tried___42___ to ask her to sell the house and buy a new and small one in the ____43___, But Mrs. Jackson doesn't like the___44___. She says that she has to look after her husband's old house. But recently she often ____45___ stories about unknown people stealing things around here.That was a cold____46___ before Christmas Eve. Around four o'clock in the afternoon, Mrs. Jackson was___47____ the Christmas music when someone knocked at the door. She heard the sound but didn't __48____. Another knock. ___49___ could it be? Mrs. Jackson was a bit ____50___.One minute another minute and yet another minute. Nothing____51___ and no more knocks, She walked ____52___ to the door, and listened. She heard nothing but the wind ___53____. She slowly unfastened the door and watched ____54___ the hole of the door. She then gave a surprised cry and ___55___ the door. At the door she saw a tall, beautiful Christmas tree! In the tree stood a Christmas card with these words:Merry Christmas!Your new neighbor( ) 41. A. before B. ago C. next D. later .( ) 42. A. much B. hard C. carefully D. early( ) 43. A. village B. mountain C. building D. town .( ) 44. A. place B. house C. idea . D. people( ) 45. A. writes B. hears C. tells D. makes( ) 46. A. morning B. week C. time D. day( ) 47. A. enjoying B. finding C. singing D. listening( ) 48. A. look B. listen C. move D. cry( ) 49. A. Who B. How C. Whose D. Which( ) 50. A. asleep B. alone C. afraid D. angry( ) 51. A. happened B. changed C. visited D. passed( ) 52. A. quickly B. quietly C. freely D. happily( ) 53. A. outside B. upstairs C. inside D. downstairs( ) 54. A. off B. across C. through D. between( ) 55. A. brought B. broke C. closed D. opened六、阅读理解:Take a look at our library! Our library is open to everyone and the library card is free56. This table is ________.A. a tour guide.B. a supermarket guideC. an advertisement for businessD. a library instruction 57. according to this table, ________ are helpful for our language learning.A. booksB. videosC. tapes and booksD. all of the above58. If a person borrows a rock tape, 3 pop videos and 2 books for a week, he should pay______.A. $ 2B. $4C. $ 6D. $859. You can borrow _____ books at most one time for free and keep them for ______.A. five, three weeksB. three, five weeksC. ten, one weekD. two, three weeks60. Tapes can be borrowed _______.A. for $2 one weekB. for $ 1 one dayC. for $ 8 one weekD. for freeBOne day when Jack was walking in the park, he saw a woman, who lived a few miles away, sitting on a bench with a dog beside her. The dog was looking up at the woman.Jack walked up to the woman and said, "Hello, Sue, how are you? May I sit and talk with you for a while?""Of course, Please sit down", Sue said. Jack sat down next to Sue on the bench, and they talked quietly together. The dog continued to look up at Sue, as if waiting to be fed."That's a nice dog, isn't it he?" Jack said, pointing at the animal."Yes, he is. He's handsome. He's a bit of a mixture, but that's not a bad thing. He's strong and healthy." "And hungry," Jack said, "He hasn't taken his eyes off you. He thinks you've got some food for him." "That's true," Sue said, "But I haven't."They both laughed and then Jack said, "Does your dog bite?""No," Sue said, "He's never bitten anyone. He's always gentle and friendly."Hearing this, Jack decided to hold out his hand and touched the animal's head. Suddenly it jumped up and bit him. "Hey!" Jack shouted. "You said your dog didn't bite." Sue replied in surprise. "Yeah, I did. But this is not my dog. My dog's at home."]61. The dog looked at the woman because _______.A. the woman wanted to feed himB. the woman was friendlyC. he was strong and healthyD. he was hungryA. friendsB. nest-door neighborsC. strangersD. in the same family[ ]63. Jack touched the dog because he believed _________.A. the dog was handsomeB. Sue's dog was unfriendlyC. the dog belonged to SueD. Sue's dog was at home[ ]64. We can infer from the passage that _______.A. Sue gave a wrong answerB. Jack made a mistakeC. the dog wasn't dangerousD. both Jack and Sue like the dog[ ]65. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?A. A Wrong QuestionB. Sue's DogC. A Pleasant MeetingD. Sue's FriendBOOKSpicture books forchildreninformation about theworldnovels, books in 36languages stories of all kinds You can enjoynewspaper andmagazines in the reading room.You can borrow fivebooks atmost one time and keep them forthree weeks.VIDEOall kinds of video films TV plays, music video special interests You can enjoy yourself andtake time to watch your favorite videos athome. You can keep a video a week for 2 dollarYou can borrow as many videos one time asyou like. AUDIO music for everyone: classical, rock, pop; jazz, blues, folk language cassette (磁带): 42 main languages in the world Special rooms for you to enjoying listening CDs, and cassettes can be borrowed FREE You can borrow one CD or one cassette one time and keep it for one week.CPerhaps the only test score that I remembered is the 55 when I was in high school. The test was the final for a course. I remembered waiting anxiously as my teacher Mr. Right passed out our papers one by one. It was a rather difficult test. I heard my classmates groaning, and I could tell by the groans that the scores weren’t looking good.Mr. Right put my paper on my desk. There in big red numbers, circled to draw attention, was my score, 55! I lowered my head, and covered the score up quickly. A 55 is not something that you wanted your classmates to see.“The scores were not very good, none of you passed,” Mr. Right said. “The highest score in the class was a 55.”A 55. That’s me!Suddenly my sad look didn’t look so bad. I had the highest score. I felt a lot better. I walked home alone that day with the low but high score. My father knew that I had a big test that day and asked me as soon as I got home, “How did you do in your test?” “I made a 55,” I said.A frown(皱眉) now stood on my father’s face. I knew I had to explain immediately. “But Dad, I had the highest score in the class, ” I proudly stated. I thought that explanation would make a difference.“You failed!” my father replied.“But it’s the highest!” I insisted.“I don’t care what scores others had, but you failed. What matters is what you do!” my father firmly said.For years, my father was always that way. It didn’t matter what others did, it only mattered what I did and that I did it excellently. We often don’t understand the wisdom(智慧)of good parents until we ourselves stand in the parents’ shoes. My father’s words have carried me throughout life.66. The word “groaning” is the closest in meaning to ________.A. singingB. laughingC. complainingD. quarreling67. In class, to hide my score from my classmates, I _________ .A. lowered my headB. covered my score upC. walked home aloneD. explained immediately68. A frown stood on my father’s face because he thought .A. I did a bad job in the testB. I gave a good excuseC. I became the worst studentD. I stood in his shoes69. We can infer from the passage that .A. the father was strict with his childB. the writer was always poor in testsC. Mr. Right was worried about the writerD. the writer was always happy with his scores70. Which is the best title of the passage?A. The Final TestB. That’s Me!C. My Strict TeacherD. Scores, Important?七、词与短语选择填空,选项中有一项是多余的。