Unit_3_Section_A_Marriage_Across_Nations 2跨国婚姻
新视野第二册Unit-03
Children of mixed blood
On the other hand, the Marriage across nations also bears many benefits, such as a beautiful and smart mixed blood, among other things
What is your opinion about divorce?
Tips
Traditionally, a couple should be faithful to each other. Many couples stayed married for the sake of their loyalty to each other and for the good of children, even though their marriages were far from happy. In their eyes, getting divorced means violating the traditional family values and would bring shame to both of them.
Phrases of love
• • • • • • • • Love bird love letter love child love story sweetheart love knot love seat Love sickness • • • • • • • • 恋爱中的人 情书 私生子 爱情故事 情人 情结 双人沙发 相思病
Exercises
Warm-up activity dictation All the exercises for Section A Do you know and speaking Writing practice
新视野 大学英语 unti3 SectionA
Back
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
independentstudents parents in face of Different of their may come to college, future life. different ambitions. Some may harboring Some may extend their talent for a specialty in ordertime on academic focus so much of their to have a big edge in competition with others for an ideal job. achievement that they could prepare And some may attachfuture weight to the themselves better for more challenges romance andSome may build campus than from career. pleasure on the up their on anything elseon theircolor and thrill to ability in living to add own, so as to be their college life.
2. What is the biggest challenge that a Hyde School faces in creating such a system?
Their biggest challenge they face is to get the parents to give enough commitment to make the system work.
Unit3 Marriage Across the Nations
U n i t3M a r r i a g e A c r o s s t h e N a t i o n sI.Guess the Real Meaning of Husband , Wife and Family For exampleWIFE W——washing I ——ironing F ——food E ——entertainingHUSBAND H —— housing 有房子U —— understanding 有心灵相通S —— sharing 有分享的喜悦B —— buying 有钱买想要的东西A —— and 还有N —— never 绝对不D —— demanding 要求太高的FAMILY F ——father A ——and M ——mother I ——I L ——love Y —— you WIFE W —— witch 美女I —— intelligent 聪明伶俐的F —— faithful 忠实的E —— everyday 每一天I. Discussion :Would you like to marry a man or a girl from another culture? Why or why not? Give your ideas in your group.What benefits and differences may a couple from different cultures have in your opinion? (e.g.: in terms of language, food, family pressure, social pressure , etc. ) •food dumplings pizza bread with butter•language misunderstandings•parental pressure•social pressure, etc.All societies have their own form of marriage. The ideas that we have about marriage are part of our cultural background; they are part of our basic beliefs about right and wrong. As we study marriage, we find that different cultures have solved the problem of finding a spouse in different ways. Finding a spouse with whom we can spend a lifetime has always been an important concern. Despite all these unusual traditional ways of finding a marriage partner, one idea is the same throughout the world: Marriage is a basic and important part of human life.There are many factors for the failure to marry each other. Apart from cultural differences, some other factors exert great influence on one’s marriage. To start with, the racial difference is one of the biggest obstacles to one’s marriage. Many lovers, driven by the true love for each other, go through diverse difficulties and hardships, only to part with each other in the end. Besides, the different family backgrounds sometimes prevent the lovers from getting married because they meet with resistance from their families. Some father may say like that: “I’d rather see you dead than know you were with that wh ite girl.”The American Way: MarriageIt all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her.Often he tries to surprise her by "popping the question" in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancee a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.Summary and speaking tasksGail and I decided to get married out of ________, ____________________, but our wedding plans met with some _________.Why did we decide to get married?Gail and I had experienced _____and ______ in two years, now we come to _______, ______________ and ________ each other.We c onfronted ___________ and ________ of each other’s character. We have learnt to be __________, ______________ and ________. The source of our strength was our mutual _____ and _______.1. What did her mother think?When Gail’s mother heard the news, inste ad of ______________she ______ Gail to reconsider our marriage. Though she regarded me as ________ and ______, she was afraid that Gail may be marrying me for ______ reasons.What was her father’s response?When Gail’s father heard the news, he approached our decision with _______ _________attitude. He doubted that I was marrying in order to ________ in the USA , for I had problems with the Citizenship department. So, they all ________ that Gail be sure that _______ ____________________and she may ________________.2. What did Gail and Mark experience during their two years together?ups and downs understand and respect each other confront weaknesses and strengths3. What effect did racial and cultural differences have on them?racial issues racial hatred enhance the relationship be open with each other tolerance compromise4.What happened when Gail spread the news of their wedding plans to her family? instead of congratulations resistance supportive joke about counsel5.Why did Gail’s mother, Deborah, counsel her to be sure she was doing the right thing?with every indication that date reservations a mixed marriage prejudices last forever6.How did Gail’s father approach their decision to get married?with a father-knows-best attitude haste rush the citizenship status suspect be realistic change one’s mindWhat is the text mainly about?The text is mainly about the mixed marriage between Gail and Mark, and Gail’s parents’ reaction toward their wedding plans. Gail and Mar k decided to marry after living together for two years. However they met with some resistance from Gail’s parents. Gail’s mother asked Gail to be sure Mark was the right life-long partner. AndGail’s father quoted statistics to show the difficulties a mixe d couple might have in America and persuaded Gail to change her mind.How is the text organizedThe text falls into three parts: the mixed marriage of Gail and Mark, the reaction of Gail’s mother toward their wedding plans, and the response of Gail’s fa ther toward their wedding plans. (1-4)The text is a typical example of narration given in the first person. Through his narrative, the writer, a black man, tells the reader his mixed marriage and gives a vivid description of the attitudes of his girlfrien d’s parents toward a mixed marriage.(5-9)The narration goes hand in hand with argumentation. This can be seen clearly in the second part. (10-21)Language points:1. ups and downs (L. 2)Full of ups and downs as life is, my consistent reaction to it is to delete yesterday’s trouble, input today’s confidence, and set tomorrow’s goal.人生虽然充满着变数，而我不变的应对策略是删除昨天的烦恼、输入今天的信心、设置明天的目标。
英语Unit-3-Section-A-Marriage-Across-Nations课件
9
Deborah’s attitude:
1) At first, she harbored reservation about a mixed marriage.
2) When she met Mark, she changed her ideas and was
supportive of their relationship.
3) At last, when hearing their wedding plans, she counseled
Gail to be really sure she was doing the right thing.
Reasons:
1) Like her friends, she had prejudice against blacks.
2. How did mark look on the time that he and his girlfriend spent together?
无忧PPT整理发布
The answer can be found in paragraph 1
8
Reading Activities
3. Different attitude towards their marriage: Deborah’s friends, Deborah and David
④considerate
⑤he loves me more than I love him
⑥house
⑦handsome
⑧humorous ⑨share housework
无忧PPT整理发布
6
Standard from men
①love each other ②gentle and considerate ③healthy ④between 20-30 ⑤no bad habit ⑥she loves me more than I love her ⑦slim ⑧good cook and be able to do housework
Unit 3 Section A
Unit 3 Section AMarriage across the Nations1. Teaching Objectives1) To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns2) To to be familiar with the writing skills of the text and make use of it in writingWriting skills: A paragraph of denial of some opinions followed by some other opinions(para 7 for example).3) To stimulate Students to think about the difficulties in interracial marriage.2. Time AllotmentSection A (3 periods):1st---2nd periods: Pre-reading activities ( theme-related questions for warming up;)Intensive reading activities (cultural notes; useful words and expressions; difficult sentences) 3rd period: Post-reading activities (writing skills; summary; exercises)3. Teaching Contents and Purposes:Unit 3: Marriage across the NationsThrough skimming, scanning or intensive and extensive reading, students will be familiarized with the subjects on Marriage in various nations that is mirrored in the forms of family, marital relationships, and concepts or philosophy on husband and wife. The text is designated to instruct students with ideas and practices of marriage across the world, and as well, network of words and expressions in the situations concerned. Network memory of words is strengthened to assist learners in mastering lexical items in a social or textual context, instead of rotting words individually or independent of the text.4. Teaching Procedures1. Pre-reading ActivitiesStep 1) Backgrounda. The definition of racism: the belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.b. Racism in America: In the USA, racism is a well known issue. From racial profiling (种族定性)to other issues such as affirmative action, police brutality against minorities and the history of slavery and the rising resentment against immigrants. In the Western world certain jurisdictions have had regulations banning or restricting interracial marriage in the past. Loving v. Virginia (1967), was a landmark civil rights case in which the United States Supreme Court declared the "Racial Integrity Act of 1924" that ended all race-based legal restrictions on marriage in the United States.Step 2) Questions:1. What personal information (race, nationality, etc) do we know about Mark?Mark (the writer) is a black man who is not an American citizen.2. What was Gail’s mother worried about?Gail’s mother was w orried that they might be marrying for the wrong reasons.3. According to Gail’s father, why did Mark want to marry Gail?Mark wanted to marry Gail so that he could remain in the United States.Ask the Students read the passage as quickly as they can and answer the questions on the blackboard. Let them get the main idea of each paragraph and make clear about the text structure. Step 3) Text structure:Main idea: Gail and Mark decided to marry despite their racial and cultural differences after being together for two years and getting to know each other better, but the plan met with opposition from the girl’s parents.D i v i s i o n o f t h e t e x tP a r t I(P a r a s.1-)G a i l a n d M a r k d e c i d e d t o m a r r y a f t e r b e i n g t o g e t h e r f o r t w o y e a r s t o g e t t o k n o w e a c h o t h e r b e t t e r a n d l e a r n t o t a k e a r e a l i s t i c v i e w o n a m i x e d m a r r i a g e.P a r t I I(P a r a s.Their planned marriage met with Gail’s mother’s resistance, who reminded her to be very certain that Mark was the right life-long partner, though she did not oppose their plan because of his color.P a r t I I I(P a r a s.21)G a i l’s f a t h e r’s r e a c t i o n t o t h e i r p l a n n e d m a r r i a g e.H e q u o t e d s t a t i s t i c s a n d g a v e e x a m p l e s t op e r s u a d e h i s d a u g h t e r t o c h a n g e h e r m i n d.2. Intensive reading activities1) New words:Students are required to look at the words and phrases on the blackboard.1.subtle (Para2. Line4)1. not easy to tell or describe; fine; slight(因细微、精巧或微妙而) 难于觉察或描述的，精巧的，巧妙的His whole attitude had had a subtle change.他的整个态度发生了微妙的变化。
新视野第二册电子教案Unit 3
Unit 3 Section AMarriage Across the NationsI. Background Information1. Mixed marriage:It is well known that mixed marriage is that spouse are come from different races or religions. This wedding can be seen very dangerous and risk for the centuries ago, because it can be considered evil or immoral. In west countries, people would be buried by church if they dared to defy the law!But now, with the modern society becomes more and more open and advanced, it is easy to acceptable for most people about mixed marriage. Marriage is just marriage, it is nothing to do with races, religions and countries, every person can marriage as long as they love each other.Compared with traditional marriage, mixed marriage has two advantage. One is that it can promote the harmonious relationship between two different races or religions, weaken and reduce the possibility of the conflict. The other one is that it will improve human races gene, I believe mixed marriage can make races stronger, more beautiful and more smart generation by generation.So, let's face the mixed marriage correctly with the comprehensive heart, it is nothing but just only marriage.2. Racist:The terms racism and racist is sometimes used by those who feel it is a different concept where negativity or hatred is not prescribed. People who call themselves "racists" tend to be separatists (or white nationalists) and sometimes see a difference between themselves and white supremacists. Many people who study racism, such as Betty A. Dobratz and Stephanie Shanks-Meile, contend that terms such as white separatism and white nationalism are euphemisms that have been adopted by neo-Nazi and racist groups in order to make their views seem less extreme. White separatists reject such claims. For instance, Kevin Alfred Strom has defined white separatism this way: :"A separatist may believe that his race is superior to other races in some or all characteristics, but this is not his essential belief. The separatist is defined by his wish for freedom and independence for his people. He wishes them to have their own society, to be led by their own kind, to have a government which looks out for their interests alone. The separatist does not wish to live in a multiracial society at all, so he naturally has no desire to rule over other races—since such rule necessitates the multiracial society the separatist wants to avoid at all costs.II. Text AnalysisMain idea of the text:The text is mainly about the mixed marriage between Gail and Mark, a nd Gail’s parents’ reaction toward their wedding plans.Devices for developing it:1. Narration in the first personThe text is a typical example of narration given in the first person. Through his narrative, the writer, a black man, tells the reader his mixed marriage and givesa vivid description of the attitudes of his girlfriend’s parents toward a mixedmarriage. This can be seen especially in the first part of the text.2. Argumentation:The argumentation goes hand in hand with narration. This can be seen clearly in the second part, especially in mother’s opinions.3. Dialogues:Mother’s and father’s reactions toward Gail’ marriage are presented in Dialogues in last two parts of the text.Structure of the whole text:The text falls into three parts: the mixed marriage of Gail and Mark, the reaction of Gail’s mother toward their wedding plans, and the response of Gail’s father toward their wedding plan.Part I (Paras. 1-4)Main idea:The mixed marriage of Gail and Mark. (Two years of living together, plus racial and cultural differences, enhanced the relationship between Gail and Mark so much that they decided to marry even though they did not know what the future would hold for them as a mixed couple.)Devices for developing it:1. Narration (叙事法)Through narration in the first person, the author tells the reader: To avoid the mistake made by many unhappy mixed marriages, we lived together for two years, which enhanced our love for each other so much that we decided to get married. 2. In the first person.(第一人称)Through his narrative, the writer, a black man, tells the reader his mixed marriage.For example:Para. 1: Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other. …Para. 2: Our racial and cultural differences enhanced our relationship and taught us a great deal about tolerance, compromise, and being open with each other. Gail sometimes … and I was…Part II (Paras. 5-9)Main idea: The reaction of Gail’s mother to the mixed marriage. ( She reaffirmed that Mark’s color was not the problem. Her biggest worry was that Gail might be marrying Mark for the same wrong reasons as she had).Devices for developing it:1. ArgumentationOne of the common ways to present arguments is first to reject some ideas and then present some other ideas. Gail’s mother used this method to ask her daughter to make sure that Mark was her right lifelong partner.1) Present original idea : To start with (Para. 7)2) Reject the idea: But …(Para. 7)3) Present others’ opinion : Yes, my friends talk. .. (Para. 7)4) Reject the opinion:But they live in a different world. So, color is not the problem. (Para. 7)5) Present some other idea: My biggest worry is …(Para. 7)2. ExamplesThe mother presents her opinion and gives an example to support it. For example,1)Present some other idea (Para. 7)2）Give example of her own broken marriage (para 7)3. DialoguesThe writer narrated Gail’s mother response to their marriage through the dialogues between Gail and her mother in paragraph 5 to 9Part III (Paras. 10-21)Main idea :The response of Gail’s father to the marriage. He quoted statistics and gave examples to persuade his daughter to change her mind. but Gail thought they would rather marry now and worry later.Devices for developing it: Dialogues.III. Language PointsA. New words and expressions1. ups and downs2. to confront the weaknesses and strengths3. to enhance the relationship4. to be open with sb.5. to have no illusion about6. to hold sth. for sb.7. mutual8. to overook 9. to take the time to do sth. 10. in the expectation that 11. to go through12, to have a negative effect on 13. be supportive of 14. to harbor reservations about15. to see sb. at his worst 16. to feel sth. deeply about sb. 17. to suspect18. to approach sth. with a(n) ... attitude 19. to resolve all the doubt20. to be never too…to...Explanations and examples:1. ups and downs (L. 2) 盛衰；浮沉Full of ups and downs as life is, my consistent reaction to it is to delete yesterday’s trouble, input today’s confidence, and set tomorrow’s goal.He has seen the ups and downs in the history of the relation between the two countries.2. to confront the weaknesses and strengths (L. 3) 面对弱点和长处活学活用It’s important to for us to confront our own weaknesses and strengths bravely.3. to enhance our relationship (L. 5) 增强了我们的关系Far from preventing their everyday contacts, the cultural differences enhanced their feeling of love for each other.4. to be open with each other (L. 6) 开诚布公Faced with the differences of opinions, we should be open with each other rather than feel doubtful about one another.5. to have no illusions about (L. 9) 对······不抱幻想Confronted with strong resistance from all sides, she still harbored sweet illusions about this marriage, which confirms the saying “Love makes one too blind to be wise”.6. to hold … for sb. (L. 9) 对于某人意味着······Everyone expects a bright future, but what the future life will hold for him depends much on what he does today.7. mutual: a. ( of feeling or an action) felt or done by each to the other/ shared bytwo or more people.相互的/ 共同的(para3 )Their working together was based on mutual respect, trust and understanding.Lynn and Phil met through a mutual friend.8．Overlook: vt. fail to notice or realize how important sth is, miss/ pretend not to notice; forgive / have or give a view of a place from above.(para 4)You have overlooked several of the mistakes in this work.We’ll overlook your bad behavior this time, but don’t do it again,Her bedroom has large windows overlooking a lake.9. to take the time to do sth. (L. 13) 花时间去做······To our great delight, an increasing number of parents are ready to take more time to improve their children’s mental health.10. in the expectation that … (L. 14) 指望······Many students graduate from college in the expectation that they can soon land jobs after their own hearts; but in most cases things go contrary to their wishes. 11. to go through (L. 17) ( experience ) 经历，经受In the long process of human history, the Chinese people have not only gone through setbacks and sufferings, but also created civilization and glory.12. to have an effect on (L. 18) ( to have an influence on) 对······有影响A growing body of evidence shows that what parents say and do has a subtleeffect on their children.13. to be supportive of (L. 22) ( to support) 支持，赞成People from all walks of life are very supportive of the government’s decisions aimed at combining economic development with environmental protection. 14. to harbor reservations about … (L. 28) 对······持保留意见According to the usual practice of voting, the minority is subject to the majority but entitled to harbor reservations about a certain bill.15. to see sb. at his worst (L. 39) 看到某人最糟糕的一面In social contact, everyone desires others to see him at his best rather than at his worst. But the point is in how to refine and control himself.16. to feel sth. deeply about sb. (L. 40) 在某人身上深深感受到······When you find what you feel deeply about your lover is just what you have been longing for, it is the ripe time to propose to her / him.17. to approach sth. with a(n) … at titude. (L. 43) ( to begin to consider or dealwith) 以······态度对待／处理某事We should approach criticism with such an honest attitude that we correct mistakes if we have made any and guard against them if we have not.18. suspect: vt. believe ( esp. sth. bad) to true or likelyDoubt: vt. believe that sth is probably not true or possibleI suspect they are very disappointed. 我猜想他们会很失望。
Unit 3Book2课件
New Horizon College English
BOOK 2
Unit 3
Presentation
Wei Wei (韦唯) ’s husband is a famous Swedish composer. Echo’s( 三毛 ) husband is a Spanish professional diver. Maggie’s (张曼玉)is a wealthy Frenchman. And Jiang Wen’s (姜文) wife is French, too. Their marriages can be called marriages across nations.
BOOK 2
Unit 3
Detailed study
subtle a. 1) Not easy to tell or describe;fine; slight
难于觉察或描述的；巧妙的 2) secret; tricky 诡秘的；狡诈的
F O R E X A M P L E:
微妙的
1. Her whole attitude had had a subtle change.
BOOK 2
Unit 3
Detailed study
subsequently adv. after that, afterwards FOR EXAMPLE: They subsequently heard he had left the country. 他们后来听说他已离开了那个国家。
Compare:
Unit Three
•
Marriage Across Nations
BOOK 2
Unit 3
Presentation
新视野大学英语2 UNIT3A1
BOOK2
II. Fill in the Blanks
Why did we decide to get married?
Gail and I had experienced _____and ______ ups downs in two years, now we come to ______, know ______________ understand and ________ respect each other. We confronted ___________ ________ of each weakness and strengths other’s character. We have learnt to be __________, tolerant compromising and ________ open ______________ . The source of our trust and _______. respect strength was our mutual _____
执行这一计划时我们遇到了许多困难。
Key We went through difficulties while working on this project.
BOOK2
5. prejudice (L29) n. unreasonable dislike and distrust of
people
Translation
在南方住了几年后，我耐热的能力增强了许多。
Key My tolerance of heat is greater after having lived in the south for a couple of years.
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Practice:
这对双胞胎长得很像，但性格很不同。
The twins look the same but have very different characters.
②qualities that make a thing different from others
特点
The whole character of the school has changed.
She is too involved with others’ privacy to be on good terms with people.
区分: be (get) involved in
If I were you, I wouldn’t get involved in their problems.
Deborah’s friends, Deborah and David Deborah’s friends’ attitude
They were shocked at Gail’s action and they talked a lot. 1) they had prejudice against blacks. 2) They lived in a different world.
other well.
Para 2
1. racial a. 种族的
racial discrimination
种族歧视
2. enhance v. strengthen, improve enhance our health enhance our relationship
Para 2
3) …and being open with each other. be open with Let’s be open with each other.
还原原文翻译： 盖尔有时不明白为何我和其他黑人 如此关注种族问题，而我感到吃惊的是，她好像忘 记了美国社会中种族仇恨种种微妙的表现形式。 Gail sometimes wondered why I and other blacks were so involved with the racial issue, and I was surprised that she seemed to forget the subtler forms of racial hatred in American society.
The reasons:
Deborah’s attitude:
1) At first, ---- reservation 2) When she met Mark, --- supportive 3) when hearing their wedding plans, she counseled Gail to be really sure
Para 2
4) be involved with sth : 热衷于，关注，专心于… He was involved with working out a plan.
他专心致志地制订计划。
Practice:
Tips: too…to be on good terms with
她过分热衷于打探他人的隐私，因而与人处不好关系。
2. How did mark look on the time that he and his girlfriend spent together?
in paragraph 1
Reading Activities
3. Different attitude towards their marriage:
学校的面貌完全变了。
Meaning: But in experiencing all the ups and downs we had honestly faced and tried to deal with the weak sides and good sides of each other’s characters.
在两年的相处中，我们的关系经历了起伏，这是一对情侣在学着互相了解、理 解和尊重时常常出现的。
Main Idea of Para 1
Gail and Mark were prepared to have a quiet
wedding as they believed that they knew each
Hale Waihona Puke Reasons:1) Like her friends, she had prejudice against blacks. 2) When she met Mark she found him a charming and Intelligent young guy, she was proud to have him for a sonin-law. 3) At that time, she was going through a bitter and painful Divorce and she didn’t want her daughter to make the same mistake.
bad experiences
人生充满了欢乐与痛苦。 Life is full of ups and downs.
3）But through it all we had honestly confronted the weaknesses and strengths of each other’s characters. (Para.1)
• feminine(有 女人味的） • obedient(服 从的）
Black man • energetic • sexy
•
English man? • tough and • cool
• The man from south Korea? Handsome and gentle?
And, the man/woman from which country is your last choice and why?
imagine: vt. (here) plan to have, think about having…
• It is hard to imagine living in a place where there are no cars.
2) ups and downs
Meaning: a mix of good experiences and
让我们彼此开诚布公吧。
Translation:
feel 作为朋友，我们要开诚布公，而不是相互猜疑。
doubtful about
As friends, we should be open with each other rather than feel doubtful about one another.
Warming-up Questions
1) What kind of person is your Mr. Right or Miss Right? 2)In your eyes, what’s the most important element for a happy marriage? 3) In your opinion, what will be the main barrier to marriages across nations?
Unit 3 Marriage Across Nations
Pre-reading activities
Look and talk
1. Look at some photos .Can you recognize them? 2. Do you know something about their families? 3. What do you call such marriages?
①love each other ②gentle and considerate ③healthy ④between 20-30 ⑤no bad habit ⑥she loves me more than I love her ⑦slim ⑧good cook and be able to do housework
Translation
原文翻译：
During our two years together we had experienced the usual ups and downs of a couple learning to know, understand, and respect each other.
weaknesses and strengths:weak points and strong points
了解你自己的缺点和优点很重要。
It’s important to know your own weaknesses and strengths.
Character ①mental or moral qualities 品格，性格 He has a strong but gentle character.
Standard from women
①responsible ②love each other ③healthy ④considerate ⑤he loves me more than I love him ⑥house ⑦handsome ⑧humorous ⑨share housework
Standard from men
Marriage Across Nations Para 1
1) Gail and I imagined a quiet wedding. (Para. 1)
Meaning: Gail and I planned to have a wedding without many people or without much activity.