初中英语语法：替代词it, one, ones, that, those使用技巧 2
英语替代词it,one,ones,that,those使用
为使表达简洁明了，我们常用 it， one， ones， that， those 等替代词来替代前面已经出现的名词。
从近几年的高考英语情况来看，考查替代词的用法和区别一直是一个热点。
本文拟就以上几个最重要的替代词的用法作一小结，同时为同学们归纳一些使用技巧，希望对大家有所帮助。
奇速英语一、替代表泛指的单数名词替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用 one。
如：Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。
Did you get a ticket?—Yes， I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
注：若 one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。
比较：I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。
（不能说：... a one with a garden.）没有形容词修饰的 one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用 another。
如：This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。
另外，注意它与表特指的 it 的区别。
如：Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔。
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry，I’m using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。
二、替代表特指的单数名词替代表特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。
英语替代词用法
替代词的用法one/ ones ; that/those 的替代原则：one替代同类、泛指、单数、可数名词（表人/物）ones替代同类、泛指、复数、可数名词（表人/物）that替代同类、特指、单数、可数/不可数名词（只能指物）those替代同类、特指、复数、可数名词（表人/物）it 代替前面提到的同一事物，既可以是可数名词又可以是不可数名词1.A bridge built of stone is stronger than one built of wood.2.B ridges built of stone are stronger than ones built of wood.3.T he bridge built of stone is stronger than that built of wood.4.T he bridges built of stone are stronger than those built of wood.5.T he weather of this year is better than that of last year.6.H is younger brother seems to be cleverer than his elder one.7.T he girls in our class are more active than those in your class.8.W ise people are more easily respected than foolish ones.9.T he light of the sun is much greater than that of the moon.10.The culture and customs of America are like those of Canada.11.My mother bought me a present, butI don’t like it.练习：用one, ones. that. those 填空: 1.If you like that watch, I’ll buy you a new _____.2.I’m looking for a flat; I’d really like ________ with a garden.3.I n winter the price of watermelon is higher than ____ of apple.4.I prefer red roses to white _____.5.T he houses of the rich are generally larger than _____ of the poor.6.I’d like to take the green grapes than the red _____.7.T he peasant boy told us his story and also _____ of his sister.8.T he summer in Beijing is not so hot as ______ in Guangzhou.9.T he population of China is larger than ____ of India.10.The computers in this shop are cheaper than _____ in that shop. 11.The novel is as interesting as ____ I read yesterday.替代词的用法翻译练习：（one, ones, that, those, it）1.This book is dull, I don’t like it.2.T his book is not interesting, give me an interesting one.3.T hese books are less interesting than those.4.T he climate of Shenzhen is hotter than that of Shenyang.5.T he population of China is larger thanthat of Japan.6.I don’t like these bikes, I like those.7.I don’t like green apples, I like red ones.8.T hese novels are not good, give me some better ones.翻译练习：1．这辆自行车不好，我不喜欢。
代词it。one。ones。that。those的用法和区别
代词it。
one。
ones。
that。
those的用法和区别it代指前面提到的事物，没有特定的限定；that代指前面提到的特定的事物，通常与the连用；the one代指前面提到的特定的事物，强调的是单个事物。
如：I saw a bird in the tree。
It was singing.我在树上看到了一只鸟。
它在唱歌。
I saw a bird in the tree。
That bird was singing.我在树上看到了一只鸟。
那只鸟在唱歌。
I saw two birds in the tree。
The one on the left was singing.我在树上看到了两只鸟。
左边那只在唱歌。
⑷.that和those区别：that代指离说话人较近的事物，通常用于单数形式；those代指离说话人较远的事物，通常用于复数形式。
如：That book on the desk is XXX.那本书在桌子上是我的。
XXX.那些书在书架上是她的。
One can only replace countable nouns。
and the plural form is ones。
On the other hand。
that can replace uncountable nouns and countable nouns。
and the plural form is those。
For example。
"There are a lot of apples in the basket。
please pick out the bad ones." "The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai."The difference een it and that is that it is used to refer to the same thing。
代词one，ones,it,that与those的用法区别，高中生也经常出错
代词one，ones,it,that与those的用法区别，高中生也经常出错（今天的天气比昨天暖和，你会选哪一个答案？）One, ones, it, that和those都是代词，很多同学对它们的用法区别感到头痛。
实际上，它们的区别并不是很复杂的。
1. one 用来代替前文的单数名词，指同类中的一个。
如：（1）I haven't got a pen. I'll have to buy one. 我没有钢笔，我必须买一支。
本句中，one代替前文提到的钢笔，它相当于“a pen”这两个单词。
One并不指明具体是买哪一支钢笔，只是指钢笔中的一支而已。
（2）Which book is yours? The one on the desk. 哪一本书是你的？课桌上的那本。
本句的one则是代替前文提到的book一词，也就是说，它可以换成book。
这里的one也是指的同类中的一个，虽然特指了，但那是因为后面用on the desk来限定了范围。
2. ones是one的复数形式，因此，它是用来代替前文提到的复数名词，指同类中的一些。
如：Which books are yours? The ones on the desk. 哪一些书是你的？课桌上的那些。
因为前文在用复数books, 所以后文就用ones这个复数形式来代替。
当然，我们也可以直接把ones 换成books, 意思都是一样的，只不过，读起来略显重复而已。
3. it代指上文提到的单数名词，指同一个物。
如：（1）That bike is very beautiful. I want to buy it.那辆自行车非常漂亮，我想买下它。
本句中的it与前文提到的That bike是同一个东西。
如果我们把it 换成one, 意思就变了：（2）That bike is very beautiful. I want to buy one.那辆自行车非常漂亮，我想买一辆。
初中it, one,that,those的用法
I. it／one ／that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。
一般说来, it指代同名同物; one 与that则指代同名异物。
I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. （该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella）I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. （one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella 已经丢了）The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. （替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”）II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特指, 相当于the ＋名词。
所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／this ／that。
A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成a chair）The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。
I like this pen more than that one. （one代替可数名词单数pen）There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. （ones代替可数名词复数people）Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. （that代替不可数名词 handwriting）These pictures are more beautiful than those. （those代替可数名词复数 pictures）IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。
it、one、that的用法与区别
factory. (that代替不可数名词quality)
4. those代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事 物，只能指代复数名词，相当于the ones。 如： In China students learn English at school as a foreign language，except for those in Hong Kong，where many people speak English as a first or a second language. (those代替复数名词students) The computers in your office are more expensive than those in our school. (those代替复数名词computers)
• II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但 one为泛指, 相当于a／an＋名词; that为特 指, 相当于the ＋名词。所以one所指代的 名词的修饰语一般为 a／an ／some ／any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the ／ this ／that。 • A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. （该句中one可以换成 a chair） • The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. （该句中that可以换成 the water）
3. that代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物， 所代替的名词可以是可数名词, 也可以是不可 数名词，但其前通常不能有修饰语。如： those都可用来代替上文出现的名词， The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school. (that代替可数名 词doctor) The weather of this week is worse than that of last week. (that代替不可数名词 weather) The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their
英语素材：英语中如何用it，one，ones，that，those来指代
英语中如何用it，one，ones，that，those来指代it，one，ones，that，those可以用来代替上文中提到的名词，以避免重复。
现将其用法归纳如下：1. it 代替上文提到的名词，指代同一事物，而不指这一类中的另一个相同的个体。
例如：---Do you want the magazine?---Yes，I want it.I don't want to drink the tea．It is too hot．2. one 通常用来代替上文中出现过的单数可数名词或以可数名词为中心词的词组，one的前面可以有冠词或形容词，也可以有thi s或that，但其前不能有物主代词。
例如：I have 1ost my pen．I’m going to buy one.I don't like this green shirt. I like the blue one.I prefer this one to that one.3．ones是one的复数形式，常用来代替复数可数名词，前面不用物主代词修饰，也不用these 或those来直接修饰，除非ones前面有形容词。
例如：I have a new coat and several old ones.These yellow waistcoats are so small. I want those green ones.4．that用来代替上下文中的名词，它表示与前面同类的东西。
that既可代替可数名词，又可代替不可数名词，常有后置定语，一般不指人。
例如：The price of wheat is higher than that of rice.The population of China is larger than that of Japan.5．those是that的复数形式，可用来替代可数名词的复数形式，表示特指。
替代词it,one,that,those
•I6.It / This / That + the first(second , third
…) time + that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的 一种经历，关键是注意time前有序数词， 主句是 is 时 ，从句要用现在完成时；如 果主句用一般过去时was ，则从句须相应 地用过去完成时。例如： This is the first time (that) these Europeans ____________the Great Wall havetime visited It was the fifth (that) I ___________a friendly visit to Africa . had paid
•I5.it + be + time + that-clause
这个句型属虚拟语气结构，不管主句中用的 是 is 或 was ，that从句都须用动词的过去式 或should + 动词原型(但不及用过去式普通) ，在time之前有时可加上high或about 以加强 语气。例如： It is time(that)we handed in our exercises . (= It is time that we should hand in our exercises .) It is high time (that ) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend .
替代词it, one, ones, that, the one, those, the ones 的用法
that替换the +单数可数名词或不可数名词； the one替换the +单数可数名词.
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英语替代词it，one，ones，that，those使用技巧一、替代表泛指的单数名词替代表泛指的单数名词，通常用one。
如：Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人。
I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。
Did you get a ticket?—Yes，I managed to get one. 你搞到票了吗?——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
注：若one 前没有形容词的修饰，则其前不能有不定冠词。
比较：I’m looking for a flat. I’d like a small one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套小的带花园的。
I’m looking for a flat. I’d like one with a garden. 我正在找一套公寓，想找一套带花园的。
（不能说：... a one with a garden.）没有形容词修饰的one 前不能用不定冠词，但可用another。
如：This pen doesn’t work. I must buy another one. 这支钢笔坏了，我要另买一支了。
另外，注意它与表特指的it 的区别。
如：Can you lend me a pen?—Sorry. I haven’t got one. 你能借给我一支钢笔吗?——对不起，我没有钢笔。
Can I borrow your pen?—Sorry，I’m using it. 我能借用你的钢笔吗?——对不起，我自己正在用。
二、替代表特指的单数名词替代表特指的单数名词，可用it，that，the one。
三者的区别是：1. 替代单数可数名词时，三者均可用；替代不可数名词时，不能用the one，而要用it 或that。
此时it 与that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用that 或the one。
如：The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it. 这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
（it 在此指前面提到的the weather）The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou. 北京的天气比广州冷。
（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类）My uncle bought me a dictionary and I like it very much. 我叔叔给我买了一本词典，我非常喜欢它。
（it 在此就是指前面提到的叔叔给我买的词典）Your dictionary is more useful than the one my uncle gave me. 你这本词典比我叔叔给我的那本词典更有用。
（the one 在此表示与前面提到的词典为同类）2. 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用the one。
如：Who is her husband?—The one by the window. 哪位是她的丈夫？——窗户边的那一位。
注：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用it。
3. 当有前置定语修饰时，只能用the one。
如：Which do you want?—The red one. 你想要哪个?——那个红的。
She would rather have the small one than the large one. 她宁愿要小的，不要大的。
4. 当有后置定语修饰时，通常用the one。
如：My room is better than the one next door. 我的房间比隔壁房间好。
He said he would have the one near him. 他说要靠近他的那一个。
Is that the one that was published recently? 是最近出版的那一种吗?Here are six rings. Pick out the one you like best. 这里有六枚戒指，选出你最喜欢的一枚。
但是，若后置定语为of 引起的介词短语，则通常用that。
如：The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任务比父母的任务要轻松一些。
三、替代表泛指的复数名词替代表泛指的复数名词，通常用ones。
如：Hard beds are healthier than soft ones. 硬板床比软床有利于健康。
Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
These chairs have the great advantage of being much cheaper than conventional ones. 这些椅子具有比普通椅子便宜得多的优势。
四、替代表特指的复数名词替代表特指的复数名词，通常用the ones。
如：I’d like to try on those shoes. The ones at the front of the window. 我想试试那双鞋子。
橱窗里前边的那一双。
Are they the ones who moved here recently? 是最近搬到这儿来的那些人吗?Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones. 别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
注：在口语中，也可用those 来替代表特指的复数名词，尤其是当其后有of 引导的介词短语或who 引导的定语从句修饰时。
如：Waves of red light are about twice as long as those of blue light. 红色光线的波长约为蓝色光线波长的两倍。
Those of you who wish to go on the trip may sign up here. 你们中间想参加这次游览的人可以在这里签名。
His ideas are little different from those of his friends. 他的想法和他朋友的想法没什么两样。
Students who do well in examinations are those ［the ones］who ask questions in class. 考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。
五、几点重要的补充说明1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this，that，these，those，which，either，neither，another 等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。
如：I think my dog’s the fastest （one）. 我想我的狗是跑得最快的（一只）。
Either （one）will suit me. （这两个当中）哪一个对我都合适。
Let’s have another （one）. 咱们再来一个吧。
She looked at each（one）carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
Which （one）would you like?—That （one）looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
2. 复数形式的ones 之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及some，any，both，several，dozen，own 等词修饰。
如：Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? （不能说：... some ones ...）Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一本也没有了。
（不能说：... any ones ...）Do question 1 or question 2，but not both. 第1题和第2题选做一道，但不要两道都做。
（不能说：... both ones.）He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。
（不能说：... two ones.）注：如果ones 前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。
如：误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones 在美国英语中，ones 不能紧跟在these 和those 之后。
但是在英国英语中可以这样用（也不常见）。
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one（s）来替代。
如：Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? （不能说：... or tea ones? ）但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one（s）替代。
如：We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。