《外刊经贸知识选读》复习(自考).docx
《外刊经贸知识选读》7-15课复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第七章一、术语1．free trade 自由贸易2．trade sanctions 贸易制裁3．fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划managed trade 管理贸易4．trade balance 贸易差额5．multilateral rules 多边规则6．economic cycle 经济周期7．budget deficit 预算赤字8．trade reprisals 贸易报复9. market share市场份额10.White Paper白皮书11.vested interests既得利益12.civil service行政部门13.wholesaler批发商14. Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)日本通商产业省15. households save 家庭储蓄16. economic cycle 经济周期17. parts and components 零件、部件、零部件二、词语释义：1. draw the line: set limits; refuse to go as far as or beyond （划定界限；不肯做到或超越某种程度）2. die down: disappear gradually3. foreshadow: is a sign of; represents; indicates4 capitulate to: yield to5. thrust: principal concern or objective6. geared to: adjusted to7. take sb to task for: reprimand sb for; criticize sb for8. is at pains to: makes a great effort to; works hard to9. of its own accord: voluntarily; spontaneously10. export-driven: export-led; export-oriented11. in due course: at the right time12. cave in to: give in to三、句子翻译1. The strongest signal came last week，when Mickey Kanter，(the U.S. trade representative), moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for (“intolerable”discrimination against U.S. companies)seeking government contracts withinthe community. The administrationwill begin retaliating in six weeks ifEC policies remain unchanged.最强的信号来自于上周，美国贸易代表米奇·凯特引用欧共体的话指出，12国欧共体谋求共同体内部的政府间合同是对美国公司的“令人无法忍受的”歧视。
2021年4月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题
2021年4月高等教育自学考试《外刊经贸知识选读》试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题1. The existing age discrimination is indefensible and we hope the society will recognize this.A. unreliableB. untenableC. terribleD. dishonest2. The Federation of Small Business warned the government that any premature measures could lead to a backlash.A. misunderstandingB. acceptanceC. welcomeD. resistance3. The retailer plans to revamp the product design to elevate its brand image.A. repeatB. recallC. reformD. relocate4. The United States has been proved to be laggard in the world, refusing to sign the protocol.A. stupidB. wiseC. richD. slow5. Critics said that further publication of the documents could compromise our country's security.A. harmB. accelerateC. promiseD. protect6. Raising prices while the world economy is in such a fragile state is a very dangerous game.A. strongB. weakC. freeD. oversea7. An author may not waive any of the rights provided by copyright.A. give upB. levy onC. fight forD. take over8. Family tour is the fastest-growing segment of travel industry.A. zoneB. routineC. districtD. part9. With fast economic growth and higher market returns, their obligation is fulfilled.A. revenueB. investmentC. debtD. loss10. The charges include fraud, breach of contract and failure to report income.A. violationB. obedienceC. objectionD. acceptance11. Iranian officials this week warned against attempts of gasoline imports sanctions.A. thanksB. penaltiesC. taxesD. arrangements12. More than half think the Fed will hike interest rates in the latter half of the year.A. reduceB. increaseC. balanceD. adjust13. Russia is setting up uniform regulations for its market to make it attractive to foreign investors.A. differentB. separateC. sameD. favorable14. The cost of recession will push the budget deficit to 12% of GDP this year.A. prosperityB. improvementC. dissatisfactionD. depression15. People were upset about giving executives high fixed salaries not correlating directly to firm performance.A. departmentsB. consultantsC. supervisorsD. representatives二、判断题Passage 1Greater Wealth of NationsConclusion of the Uruguay Round is truly a triumph in adversity. Securing agreement among so many countries on such a complex raft of trade agreements frequently seemed an insuperable challenge in the past seven years. Whatever the shortcoming of the result, the original vision of a broad expansion of international trade law is now much closer to fulfillment. More remarkable still so is the dream that drove the founding fathers of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade: that of a liberal rule-based international trading system overseen by an authoritative world trade organization.The Final Act of the Uruguay Round promise to bring farm products within GA'IT discipline. Inclusion of farm trade, though incomplete, will reduce the danger of international conflict over dumping of subsidized surpluses, reinforce market-based agricultural reforms that are gradually being introduced in the developed world, and give developing countries a better chance of exploiting their comparative advantage as food producers. In textiles, gradual phasing out of the protectionist Multifibre Arrangement will eventually allow greater international competition andforce overdue restructuring of textile industries in the developed world. The agreement provides for a significant elaboration of rules designed to ensure that trade is fair as well as free. It promises greater clarity concerning when and for how long countries will be permitted to resort to "safeguard" measures against imports, to impose anti-dumping duties and to subsidize domestic industries.16. It's difficult for the members to conclude the Uruguay Round and reach agreements.17. A liberal and rules-based international trading system is completely fulfilled after the Uruguay Round.18. Market-based agriculture reforms means cutting down protectionist measures in production and exports.19. No member country has the right to use protectionist measures under any conditions.20. The Multifibre Arrangement is an agreement preventing free trade in textiles.Passage 2China's Economic Role in AsiaChina's economic role in Asia is burgeoning. With 1.2 billion people and an economy growing more rapid than any other in the region. China's rising importance as a trader, manufacturer and investor offers neighbors a fast-growth cushion against slowdowns in the West. In 1995, for Japanese businesses grappling with the strong Yen, China is especially attractive. Japan's domestic market is sagging, and yen-based costs are pricing its exports too high. China offers a thriving market and a cheap production base. Nearly one of every 10 yen that Japanese companies invest this year will end up in China, by one estimate. But it isn't manufacturing that links China to Asia. China's huge appetite for everything from grain to top-of-the-line technologies helps, too. South Korea's auto industry and Japan's steel industry, both dragging, get a big lift from China.And China's market could grow even more important, and not just to Asia. Although Sino- American trade surged to $40 billion last year from only $2 billion when Beijing begin its economic reforms in 1979, trade in some areas, notably services, is still generally closed. As it opens, other areas of market will expand. To be sure, China's trade expansion hasn't been smooth. This year, Beijing averted U. S. sanctions by settling a dispute over copy right and patentprotection. But by the year 2010. According to OCED, Asia will account for one-third of global demand and China will almost certainly be the largest component.21. China opened completely its commodity and service market.22. This year, about 10% of Japan's foreign investment went to China.23. The opening of Chinese market benefited South Korea's auto industry.24. China was sanctioned by the U.S. for its ineffectiveness of intellectual property protection.25. Strong yen will promote more exports in Japan.三、将下列中文词组译成英文26．拍卖27．房地产市场28．基础设施29．经常项目30．注册资本31．企业家精神32．管理贸易33．以美元标价的34．贸易顺差35．工业化四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文36. insolvency37. monetary policy38. tenders39. the physical market40. punitive import tariff41. debt restructuring42. macroeconomic factors43. coupon44. visible trade45. countervailing dutyPassage 1China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204——unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50% of China's industrial production. For China's newly-rising enterprises, profits are up throughout the region—thanks largely to low wages. Last year the BeiBei company cleared $14 million on exports of 10 million pairs of shoes to U. S. department stores. China's low wages give China a huge competitive advantage. Just two years ago South Korean manufactures were flourishing on contracts from Nike and Adidas. Since then much of the business has shifted to China, dealing a hard blow to the South Korean shoe industry.46. Why state-owned firms are described as laggard behemoths?47. Please explain"cleared $14 million on exports".48. Find a synonym to replace "shift" in the context.Passage 2Growth in output in East Asia, supported by the continued vibrant performance of the region's exports, particularly in China, accelerated to about 6.8 per cent in 1991. Despite the slowdown in industrial-country markets, export volumes for the group of East Asian countries advanced at double-digit rates, implying gains in market share. The major risk facing this highly trade-oriented region is the potential for sluggishness in world trade flows. Economic weakness in some of the region's traditional export markets has underlined the importance of market diversification, including a further strengthening of ties within the region. The GDP growth rate in 1991 in the South Asia region was 2.8% down. The decline was partly caused by India's reining in of its budget deficit and the short-term effects of the implementation of strong emergency stabilization measures, which coupled with the collapse of the Soviet market and recession in the U. S. The emergency measures included a severe compression of imports, tight credit policies and exchange rate devaluation.49. What is market diversification?50. What's the meaning of "reining in" in the context?51. What's the main content of the emergency stabilization measures?52. World economic growth remains generally sluggish and has been at its weakest in manufacturing, as opposed to the services sector. Uncertainties over the future of the US recovery and slow growth in Europe are keeping demands for key industrial raw materials relatively depressed.In many of the newer and heavily-indebted industrial countries, commodity consumption has been squeezed, as a result of official austerity programmes. Developing states have had to maximize commodity exports in order to keep up their foreign exchange earnings and offset the decline in unit commodity prices.This, in turn, has aggravated over-supply problems. It's true of Chile in the copper market, as it is of Brazil in soybeans or Malaysia in palm oil.。
2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
34. Gross Domestic Product 35. barter 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分。 36. 独家经销合同 37. 双重税 38. 证券及房地产市场 39. 反通货膨胀政策 40. 招标 41. 财政一揽子计划( 方案) 42. 最惠国待遇 43. 人均收入 44. 期货 45. 贸易逆差
27. market share
28. technology transfer
29. discount rate
30. convertible currency 31. countervailing duty 32. joint venture
33. foreign鄄exchange reserves
绝密绎启用前
2020 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题
全国自考外刊经贸知识选读考前密卷00096(含答案)一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
第1题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第2题 .【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第3题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第5题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第6题 .【正确答案】 A 此题分数2分【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第8题 .【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第9题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 B此题分数2分第11题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第12题 .【正确答案】 D 此题分数2分【正确答案】 A此题分数2分第14题 .【正确答案】 C此题分数2分第15题 .【正确答案】 D二、将以下英语单词或词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题 trade sanctions第2题 intellectual property right【正确答案】知识产权第3题 conglomerate【正确答案】跨行业公司第4题 exclusive contract【正确答案】独家经销合约第5题 trade reprisal【正确答案】贸易报复第6题 sovereignty dispute【正确答案】主权争端第7题 allocation of resources【正确答案】资源配置第8题 auction【正确答案】拍卖第9题 tough policy【正确答案】强硬的政策第10题 surplus labour【正确答案】剩余劳动力三、将以下汉语词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕第1题现货市场【正确答案】 spot market第2题反垄断【正确答案】 anti—trust第3题合资企业【正确答案】 joint venture第4题试销【正确答案】 test marketing第5题反补贴税【正确答案】 countervailing duty第6题国民生产总值【正确答案】 Gross National Product(GNP)第7题高增长率【正确答案】 high rates of growth第8题通货紧缩【正确答案】 deflation第9题中央银行【正确答案】 central bank第10题试销市场【正确答案】 test market四、简答题〔本大题共2小题，每题9分，共18分〕The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer b rown eggs over white. In fact, 90 per cent or more of the fresh eggs c onsumed are brown. The major outlets for white eggs are hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food shops.Chinese consumers prefer the deeper color of brown egg yolks—often consideredessential to the color of many Chinese dishes. Chinesestyle restaurants also f ind that brown eggs are more popular with customers.Chinese eggs have a unique odor that can be an advantage or a disadvantage , depending on the consumer.To the Chinese consumer, the odor is indicative of a “good egg〞 and isan important reason, in addition to a price advantage, for the popularity of Chinese eggs. The odor, however, is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels, Westernstyle restaurants and fast food outlets.第1题How many per cent do the Chinese constitute of Hong Kong’s popula tion【正确答案】 Chinese constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population.第2题 What kinds of eggs are more popular with customers【正确答案】 Fresh eggs with brown color.第3题What is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hote ls【正确答案】The odor is a major reason why Chinese eggs are not accepted by hotels.Some of the Clinton administration’s tough talk appears tactical, intended topressure trading partners into offering concessions and to unblock stalled negot iations on several fronts. But it appears that officials are prepared to tur n up the temperature on trade—and live with the consequences. In some ways, Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the same welltrod path as the Bush administration, which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement thatwould provide only small gains for US companies. The same political pressur es from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are now beari ng down on the Clinton team.第1题Why does the Clinton administration put pressure on its trading part ners【正确答案】The Clinton administration has made up its mind to force its trading part ners to offer concessions so that it can resume negotiations with them on several fronts.第2题What are the consequences that the American officials are prepared t o see【正确答案】They are prepared to see US trade relations with its trading partners goi ng from bad to worse.第3题Please paraphrase “Mr. Clinton and his advisers are following the s ame welltrod path as the Bush administration.〞【正确答案】Mr. Clinton and his advisers are adopting the same tough trade policies as the Bush administration.五、正误推断题〔本大题共10个题，每题2分，共20分〕如果正确，请写“T〞；如果错误，请写“F〞。
2023年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案含评分标准
㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀㊀绝密 考试结束前2023年10月高等教育自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码:00096㊀㊀1.请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂㊁写在答题纸上㊂㊀㊀2.答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称㊁姓名㊁准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上㊂选择题部分注意事项:㊀㊀每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑㊂如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号㊂不能答在试题卷上㊂一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组,请将其选出并将答题卡(纸)的相应代码涂黑㊂错涂㊁多涂或未涂均无分㊂1.The withdrawal of Soviet economic and technical aid in the early1960s caused trade to shift away from the USSR and its Comecon partners towards Japan and Western Europe.A.move awayB.keep awayC.stay awayD.hold away2.The following years,a tax law for joint ventures was promulgated.A.bannedB.canceledC.proclaimedD.ceased3.Its boom radiates from Guangdong,its richest province,but it has spread as far west as Xinjiang.A.crisisB.fast growthC.depressionD.fast decrease4.An increase in China s growth rate helped to sustain high rates of growth in the East Asia region.A.forfeitB.loseC.missD.maintain5.The strongest signal came last week,when Mickey Kantor moved quickly to cite the12-nation European Community for intolerable discrimination against panies seeking government contracts with the Community.A.fair treatmentB.different treatmentC.friendly treatmentD.certain treatment6.The European Community s languishing Maastricht Treaty for deeper political and economic integration is the obvious example cited.A.consolidationB.separationC.destructionD.break7.Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import targets.A.refusingB.buildingC.rejectingD.canceling浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第1页(共5页)8.Sooner or later they will begin to lose their edge,much as the U.S.did against Japan.A.inferiorityB.shortcomingC.advantageD.weakness9.In the two years since Iraq was ousted from Kuwait,peace and prosperity have returned to the Gulf region.A.economic policyB.economic stagnationC.economic conflictD.economic growth10.The cause of free trade will have many more battles to fight.paniesB.trainingsC.matchesD.banquets11.To secure sales of its F-5jet fighter to the Swiss government,the Northrop Cor.agreed to help the Swiss expand export markets for＄200million worth of goods.A.unsureB.ensureC.waverD.hesitate12.The big guys will press bottlers to drop competing brands to make way for their new products.A.give wayB.make blockC.give strikeD.make at13.Fresh hen eggs,however,are the most popular item.A.unmarketableB.saleableC.inactiveD.disgusting14.Prices are in many cases at historical lows in real terms as markets struggle to cope with floods of surplus produce.A.lessB.fewerC.excessiveD.short15.Unstable crude prices in turn prompted falls in platinum and gold.A.steadyB.firmC.fixedD.variable二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂判断下列各题,在答题卡(纸)相应位置正确的涂 A ,错误的涂 B ㊂Passage1U.S.Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen㊀㊀Some of the Clinton administration s tough talk appears tactical,intended to pressure trading partners into offering concession and to unblock stalled negotiations on several fronts.But it appears that officials are prepared to turn up the temperature on trade and live with the consequences. In some ways,Mr.Clinton and his advisers are following the same well-trod path as the Bush administration,which threatened sanctions against the Community last year and walked away from GATT negotiations rather than sign an agreement that would provide only small gains for U.S. companies.The same political pressures from trade hawks in Congress that the Bush officials felt are 浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第2页(共5页)now bearing down on the Clinton team.A broad review of trade policy issues is just beginning within the administration,but officials said the underpinnings of Mr.Kantor s decision were plainly found in Mr.Clinton s trade speeches during the campaign,particularly the demand for open markets abroad.The reactions to these first signals from the Clinton team has been sharply divergent.16.The purpose of Clinton administration s tough talk is to make concession to the trade partners.17.The officials will accept the consequences of tough trade negotiation.18.The trade policy by Clinton team is completely different with to that of Bush s.19.The Community threatened to make trade sanctions to the United States.20.Clinton team faced political pressures from trade hawks in Congress.Passage2Economic Troubles Cloud New Market s FutureBut perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe.One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity,but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.We are going to wind up1992with just about the same level of unemployed nearly10per cent community wide that we had before this project, says an aide to Mr.Delors.In addition, economic growth is skidding to an anticipated1per cent next year,all of which adds up to consumer and business confidence sinking to the same lows recorded during the pre-single market days of Europessimism.Both EC and independent analysts say that business anticipated the economic benefits of the single market,so that much of the burst of economic activity in preparation for the new market has already occurred.Business investment,which had been flat for the five years preceding the decision in1985to create the single market,soared to a7per cent annual growth rate from1985-1990.21.The economic trouble in Europe is the major reason.22.The single market has brought prosperity to the European economy.23.The unemployment rate was10%in1992.24.The economic growth rate next year is expected to be about1%in European Community.25.Business investment increased at5%growth rate in1990s.浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第3页(共5页)非选择题部分注意事项:㊀㊀用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上,不能答在试题卷上㊂三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.合资企业27.外汇储备28.优先权29.国内生产总值30.北美自由贸易协定31.贸易报复32.企业经理人员33.筹措资金34.破坏经济35.经销商四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.national income37.pipe dream38.container plant39.rental housing40.trade sanctions41.managed trade42.brain trust43.current account44.economic growth45.money market五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage1China s cautious approach to foreign borrowing is to be maintained,at least for the time being. The debt problems confronting a number of developing countries have reinforced China s determination to introduce foreign technology by means of direct investment and concessionary finance rather than by raising substantial sums of money on the international capital markets.Foreign 浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第4页(共5页)investment is advantageous insofar as it facilitates the transfer of technology and skills and avoids creating an overhang of debt.The authorities do not consider it appropriate to incur large amounts of external debt until a number of practical bottlenecks in the economy,such as an inadequate transport network and energy constraints,have been tackled.China s access to substantial sums of money from the World Bank also reduces the need to borrow on commercial terms.46.What is the meaning of cautious ?47.What are the practical bottlenecks in the context?48.What does borrow on commercial terms imply?Passage2China is reaping the rewards of reforms first launched by Deng Xiaoping in1979.Foreign investment is now welcome.Special Economic Zones are booming.The opening of securities and real-estate markets have created new opportunities.Clearly,China s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population.Its gross domestic product last year was,according to the official measure,＄420billion no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers,and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway204 unpredictable.Few state-owned firms have been sold,and most are laggard behemoths.Growth is driven by new joint ventures,collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than50%of China s industrial production.49.What is the meaning of opportunities ?50.What is China s GDP last year?.51.Who created half of China's industrial output?六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.Output for the developing countries advanced by1.9%during1991–comparable to the weak performance they registered in1990.In terms of per capita income,real output in developing countries apparently eased somewhat,by–0.1%.A number of factors some broad-based, others more specific–contributed to the weakness of performance.Despite the slowdown in the industrial countries particularly in the U.S. improvements in economic performance in Latin America were widespread.The region s GDP rose by3.0%in1991,thus reversing the slide in annual per capita income that had taken place over the past decade.Growth rates were in excess of4%in Argentina,Chile,and Mexico and reached a high of9.1%in Venezuela. Policy reforms covering fiscal adjustment,trade and investment liberalization,the financial sector,and public-enterprise restructuring and privatization,supported by debt restructuring, have helped to moderate inflation in the region and strengthen domestic demand.浙00096#外刊经贸知识选读试题第5页(共5页)绝密 启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考(课程代码㊀00096)一㊁单项选择题:本大题共15小题,每小题2分,共30分㊂1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.A7.B8.C9.D10.C 11.B12.A13.B14.C15.D二㊁判断题:本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分㊂Passage116.B17.A18.B19.B20.A Passage221.A22.B23.A24.A25.B三㊁将下列中文词组译成英文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂26.joint venture27.foreign exchange reserves28.preferred status29.GDP(或Gross Domestic Product)30.NAFTA(或North America Free Trade Agreements)31.trade reprisal32.executive33.financing34.wreck the economy35.distributor四㊁将下列英语单词或词组译中文:本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分㊂36.国民收入37.白日梦38.集装箱工厂39.出租房屋40.贸易制裁41.管理贸易42.智囊团㊀㊀顾问班子43.经常项目44.经济增长㊀㊀经济发展45.货币市场外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第1页(共2页)五㊁简答题:本大题共6小题,每小题3分,共18分㊂Passage146.being careful47.an inadequate transport network and energy constraints48. commercial carries the meaning of having profit-making as the aimPassage249.chance to do something possible50.It was＄420billion.51.new joint ventures,collectives and private businesses六㊁翻译题:本大题12分㊂52.1991年,发展中国家的产出增长了1.9%,与1990年的疲软表现相当㊂就人均收入而言,发展中国家的实际产出明显有所下降,下降了0.1%㊂许多因素 有一些广泛,另一些更具体 导致了业绩的疲软㊂尽管工业国家特别是美国的经济增长放缓,但拉丁美洲的经济表现普遍改善㊂1991年,该地区的GDP增长了3.0%,从而扭转了过去十年来人均年收入的下滑趋势㊂阿根廷㊁智利和墨西哥的增长率超过4%,委内瑞拉的增长率高达9.1%㊂在债务重组的支持下,涵盖财政调整㊁贸易和投资自由化㊁金融部门以及公营企业重组和私有化的政策改革,有助于缓和该地区的通货膨胀,增强内需㊂外刊经贸知识选读试题答案及评分参考第2页(共2页)。
自考外刊经贸知识选读复习资料
自考《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料Lesson One China in the Market Place一、术语：manufactured goods 制成品capital equipment 资本货物balance of payments 国际收支current account 经常项目!visible trade account 有形贸易项目invisible trade account 无形贸易项目trade surplus 贸易顺差trade deficit 贸易逆差barter 易货贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易counter-trade 反向贸易《assembly manufacturing 组装生产industrial and commercial consolidated tax 工商统一税joint venture 合资企业deferred payment 延期付款buyer credit 买方信贷supplier credit 卖方信贷soft loan 软贷款（低息贷款）)MFN treatment: Most Favored Nation treatment 最惠国待遇PNTR: Permanent Normal Trading Relations 永久性正常贸易关系NI: National Income 国民收入GNP: Gross National Product 国民生产总值GDP: Gross Domestic Product 国内生产总值IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴和开发银行IDA: International Development Association 国际开发协会:IFC: International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司OECD: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development 经济合作和发展组织BIS: Bank for International Settlement 国际清算银行EEC: European Economic Community 欧洲经济共同体EU: European Union 欧洲联盟FDI: Foreign Direct Investment 外商直接投资二、词语释义：￥exacerbate: deteriorate 恶化disrupt: interrupt 中断in the wake of: following 继┉之后breakdown: analysis by classification 分类分析buoyant: brisk 上扬的，增产的run-down: reductionmount exhibitions: hold exhibitions、insofar as: to the extent 在┉范围之内bottlenecks: obstacles; problems that retard or halt free movement or progress三、句子翻译：Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing undue strain on the national economy.官方认为，外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. The pattern of China’s foreign trade has changed greatly since the founding of the People’s Republic. ( )A. substantiallyB. initiallyC. secondlyD. commercially2. I declared at the meeting that I did not support him. ( )A. attractedB. prolongedC. transformedD. announced3. China’s special economic zones will still be “special”after the country’s entry to the WTO.( )A. companiesB. areasC. producesD. funds4. Now the world has witnessed China’s emergence and its impact on both the US and the Asia-Pacific region. ( )A. emergencyB. existenceC. appearanceD. distance5. In 1991, the economies of low-income and middle-income countries virtually stagnated.( ) A. reversed B. stoppedC. registeredD. consolidated6. An economic confrontation will be destroying in its own way depending on how long it is carried on. ( )A. conflictB. combinationC. consequenceD. connection7. Europe has just traversed one of its roughest economic storms in years.( )A. transmittedB. passedC. transportedD. soured8. Regional and bilateral trade agreements form an integral part of the US approach to international trade policy. ( )A. standB. issueC. wayD. thrust9. There is a trend in an attempt to compete against Microsoft’s dominance in desktop applications. ( )A. rivalB. reachC. outstripD. forge10. The UAE remains wary about Iraq’s threat to Kuwait and, therefore, to the Gulf.( ) A. massive B. parallelC. reasonableD. watchful11. A business tax cut is needed to spur industrial investment. ( )A. stimulateB. squanderC. surpriseD. sustain12. Dealers continue to secure parts sales from aftermarket (配件市场) channels.( ) A. exert B. flourishC. acquireD. subsidize13. This measure aims to support commercial promotion in order to increase enterprise competitiveness in thefield. ( )A. placeB. pushC. pressureD. pull14. It could make sense to subsidize the preschool activities of children of poor families since these children maywell receive inadequate care without such subsidies. ( )A. supportB. provideC. supplyD. furnish15. The UN Terrorism Prevention Branch describes various types of conventional terrorist weapons. ( )A. transitionalB. tropicalC. translationalD. traditional二、将下列词组译成中文（本大题共10小题，每小题1 分，共10分）16. compensation agreement17. test market18. currency movement19. security20. good resistance21. tough policy22. impose import23. Special Drawing Right24. GNP (gross national product)25. per capita income三、将下列词组译成英文（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26. 最惠国待遇27. 贸易顺差28. 硬通货29. 银行兼并30. 易于变卖的资产31. 闭关自守的国家32. 贸易谈判33. 据粗略估计34. 中国出口商品交易会35. 外汇储备四、简答题（本大题共6小题，共18分）Passage 1If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it. Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors. Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment. Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories. Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road. Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.36. What does “it” in the first sentence refer to? What does the sentence “the local trucks and buses jockey withCadillacs” imply?37. What do “eventually” and “give way to” mean respectively in the passage?38. Where is the biggest container plant in Asia situated? Where are the tractor-trailors going?Passage 2Gold: lower. after coming in for early support on news of strike action affecting mines belonging to gold fields of South Africa, values declined in line with platinum and New York advices as miners were encouraged to return to work by management promises of negotiation. The fall in oil prices also brought pressure to bear but good resistance at around the 400 dollars per ounce level permitted a brief rally. However, values suffered a late decline to below 400 dollars per ounce in line with New York as the dollar strengthened on news of a decline in the U.S. budget trade and a cut in the bank of Japan’s discount rate.39. W hat were “New York advices”?40. What happened to the gold price when the dollar strengthened?41. What brought about the strength of the dollar according to the passage?五、正误判断题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Passage 1Every market activity is an investment in time, energy and money. Few companies would spend a large sum of money on, say, a purchase of capital equipment without a full investigation into why it is needed, the choices available, and the expected return. Yet every year the vast majority of companies invest a large amount of money in marketing actions without knowing what their financial worth to the company or likely return will be. By introducing the disciplines arising from market planning, a company should be able to ensure that the costs of marketing planning show a reasonable return and are calculated in the same way as all other business investments.Many managers believe that the costs of marketing form an additional expense. Whilst it is true that many companies use certain tools of marketing for this purpose, it is also true that the most successful companies accept marketing as an essential part of the company’s total commercial operation, for it is an essential cost in the same way as production or finance.Companies often avoid planning marketing procedures in detail because of the effort needed to express their forward policy in a written form. In fact, the manager who spends his time on dealing with current administrative detail is almost certain to have ignored proper planning in the past. For, if properly prepared, the marketing plan will contain sufficient details of the company’s policy and operational strategy for the work to be done by an assistant.For a marketing-oriented activity to produce lasting results, the entire operation has to be systematically planned. By producing basic information in written form and establishing aims for the future, the company is creating standards against which actual performance can be measured. Documentation of detailed policy actions then provides the basis for controlling the company’s operation. Future trends may be predicted through the investigation of all factors likely to influence company results.42. The purpose of this article is to discuss every market activity. ( )43. It is reasonable for companies to expect return for their expense in marketing.( ) 44. The most successful companies believe that marketing forms an additional expense.( )45. In order to make a good marketing plan, it is necessary to focus on current administrative detail. ( )46. As marketing creates standards to measure actual performance, it will produce lasting results.( )Passage 2Apart from the various subsidies governments offer to their exporters, governments also refund to their exporters the product tax, the import tariff of the components of the exported finished products. This is justifiable as they are finally to be borne by the customers in the importing nations and so the funding is not taken as a kind of subsidy. Now the average product tax refunding rate of the exported products in China is about lower than 10%.Developing nations can also adjust down the exchange rate of their currencies with foreign currencies to encourage export. This is sometimes very effective because it means to reduce prices of their goods in foreign markets. But this will also mean great loss in paying off the foreign loans and shatter the standing of their currencies in international financial markets.Nations also negotiate among themselves to ease the trade among them. They might reach various trade agreements. The present trend is regional economic integration, of which the first stage is free trade area, within which the international flow of goods is free of tariff imposition. North American Free Trade Area is such an instance. The second stage is tariff union, within which the countries not only adopt free trade policy but also united tariff system. Caribbean Community is such an example. The third stage is common market, which is more integrated in that it also allows free flow of labor and capital within this area. Finally, there is economic union, which requires its member countries to adopt uniform economic systems, such as those in finance and social welfare. They will also use the same currency.47. Product tax is a kind of government subsidy.( )48. The customers who buy the imported goods from China pay 10% less of the tariff.( ) 49. By lowering the exchange rate of its currency, the country can market its goods at a lower price in the importing country. ( )50. Adjusting down the exchange rate will sometimes make the currency less strong.( ) 51. All the forms of economic integration across the border aim at keeping trade balances.( ) 六、翻译题（本大题12分）Clearly, China’s economy is a work in progress, nowhere near realizing the potential of its billion-plus population. Its gross domestic product last year was, according to the official measure, $420 billion —no more than that of southern California. China remains primarily a nation of farmers, and the transition to an industrial free market is much like the traffic on Highway 204—unpredictable. Few state-owned firms have been sold, and most are laggard behemoths. Growth is driven by new joint ventures, collectives and private businesses, which now account for more than 50 per cent of China’s industrial production.。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。
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《外刊经贸知识选读》第一章—、术语1. 制成品manufactured goods2. 资本货物capital goods3. 国际收支balance of payments4. 经常项目current account5. 有形贸易项目visible trade account6. 无形贸易项目invisible trade account7. 贸易顺差trade surplus8. 贸易逆差trade deficit9. 易货贸易barter10. 补偿贸易compensation trade11. 反向贸易counter-trade12. 组装生产assembly manufacturing13. 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax14. 合资企业joint venture15. 延期付款deferred payment16. 买方信贷buyer credit17. 卖方信贷supplier credit18. 软贷款(低息贷款)soft loan19. 最惠国待遇MFN treatment (Most Favored nation treatment)20. 永久性正常贸易关系PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations)21. 国民收入NI(National Income)22. 国民生产总值GNP(Gross National Product)23. 国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)24. 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD(lnternational Bank for Reconstruction and Development)25. 国际开发协会IDA(lnternational Development Association)26. 国际金融公司IFC(lnternational Finance Corporation)27. 经济合作和发展组织OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)28. 国际清算银行BIS(Bank for International Settlement)29. 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community)30. 欧洲联盟EU(European Union)31. 外商直接投资FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)32. The special Economic Zone 经济特区33. a well-placed source —位高层消息灵通人士34. infrastructure 基础设施35. capital stock 实际资本36. consumer goods 消费品37. preferential tax rate 优惠税率38. cooperative enterprise 合作(经营)企业39. ETDZ ( Economic &Technical Development Zone )经济技术开发区40. entrepreneurship 企业家精神41. means of production 生产资料42. stock-taking 评估43. Allocation of resources 资源配置44. macro regulation and control 宏观调控45. fiscal policies 财政政策46・15.tight monetary policy紧缩的货币政策47. 16.working capital 运营资本48. 17.basic policy 基本国策49. 18.technical transformation 技术革新50.二、词语释义：substantially: dramatically, significantly, considerably 显著地，相当大地subsequently : afterwards 随后，后来exacerbate : deteriorate, worsen; aggravate ; make worse 恶化withdraw: cancellation 撤回，撤销theme : principle 主题，原则in return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interrupt 中断，打断destined : designed］注定的，H的是，有计划的pronounced: marked 宣布，宣称in the wake of: following; after with 在 ........ 之后undue : too much; unbearable 过度的，过分的reverse : change to the opposite 反转,颠倒,反向,相反buoyant: brisk 活跃的outcome: result 结果boost : stimulate; promote; develop 促进，提高，朿ij激recover: rebound 恢复facilitate : make easy促进；使容易；帮助；使便利run-down: reduction 减少，降低mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions 举办展览insofar as: to the extent 在...... 范围内bottlenecks: obstacles 障碍三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country…s industrialization programme which plac ed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
2. The growth of foreign trade was distrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industri al production fell sharply and transportationeonstraints became more serious.在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。
当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，运输管制变的更严重。
3・Exports grew much faster than imports during this period not only because of the strong emphasis placed on exporting by China…s economic planners, but also because a number of industrial projects were postponed in 1 979. Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy has caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978, placing unduestrain on the national economy.在这个时期，出口增长要快于进口增长不仅是由于中国经济计划者着重强调出口，也是因为大多工业项目在1979 年被推迟了。
官方承认外国技术能够在中国经济的现代化化中起重大作用，这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50% 以上，从而给国民经济带来了重压。
4. Chinese official stress the importance of introducing advaneed technology to domestic industry, but the need is for technology of varying degrees of sophistication,not necessarily for advaneed technology as that term is understood in the West.中国官员强调为国内工业弓I进先进技术的重要性，但是需要的是各种程度不同的精尖技术，而不是像西方国家理解的先进技术。
5. There are no official statistics covering the in visible acco unt of the balance of paymens,but the size of the visible trade surplus during 1981983 and a pronounced increase in earnings from tourism s uggest that the current account has been in surplus over the past few years・没有官方的统计资料涉及无形贸易收支，但在1981-1983年期间的有形贸易顺差的大小和旅游赢利的显著增长表明了经常项目在过去几年里有盈余。
6・ Goods are produced according to a sample provided by the customer,while strong encouragement is given to compensation trade whereby a foreign seller supplies raw materials and equipment and receives manufactured goods, produced by the equipment provided,in return .Compensation trade differs from barter or counter-trade insofar as there is a direct link between the eq uipment supplied from abroad and the manufactured product. Assembly manufacturing began in 1978 and partic ular forms of foreign trade are eligible for exemption from customs duties and taxation.根据顾客提供的样品来生产产品，同时强烈鼓励补偿贸易。