2.28英语阅读理解
托福阅读tpo28R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
托福阅读tpo28R-2原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识原文 (1)译文 (4)题目 (7)答案 (15)背景知识 (16)原文Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes①A conspicuous sign indicating the presence of white-tailed deer in a woodlot is a buck rub. A male deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. When completed, the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area. A rub is usually located at the shoulder height of a deer (one meter or less above the ground) on a smooth-barked, small-diameter (16-25 millimeters) tree. The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern UnitedStates.②Adult male deer usually produce rubs in late summer or early autumn when the outer velvet layer is being shed from their antlers. Rubs are created about one to two months before the breeding season (the rut). Hence for a long time biologists believed that male deer used buck rubs not only to clean and polish antlers but also to provide practice for the ensuing male-to-male combat during the rut. However, biologists also noted deer sniff and lick an unfamiliar rub, which suggests that this visual mark on a small tree plays an important communication purpose in the social life of deer.③Buck rubs also have a scent produced by glands in the foreheads of deer that is transferred to the tree when the rub is made. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication between deer. The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached. A decade later another study reported that adult male white-tailed deer exhibited forehead rubbing just before and during the rut. It was found that when a white-tailed buck makes a rub, it moves both antlers and forehead glands along the small tree in a verticaldirection. This forehead rubbing behavior coincides with a high level of glandular activity in the modified scent glands found on the foreheads of male deer; the glandular activity causes the forehead pelage (hairy covering) of adult males to be distinctly darker than in females or younger males.④Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. First, the chemicals deposited on the rub provide information on the individual identity of an animal; no two mammals produce the same scent. For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. Second, because only male deer rub, the buck rub and its associated chemicals indicate the sex of the deer producing the rub. Third, older, more dominant bucks produce more buck rubs and probably deposit more glandular secretions on a given rub. Thus the presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.⑤Because both sexes of white-tailed respond to buck rubs by smelling and licking them, rubs may serve a very important additional function.Fresher buck rubs (less than two days old), in particular, are visited more frequently by adult females than older rubs. In view of this behavior it has been suggested that chemicals present in fresh buck rubs may help physiologically induce and synchronize fertility in females that visit these rubs. This would be an obvious advantage to wide-ranging deer, especially to a socially dominant buck when courting several adult females during the autumn rut. Another visual signal produced by while-tailed deer is termed a buck scrape. Scrapes consist of a clearing (about 0.5 meter in diameter) and shallow depression made by pushing aside the leaves covering the ground; after making the scrape, the deer typically urinates in the depression. Thus, like a buck rub, a scrape is both a visual and an olfactory signal. Buck scrapes are generally created after leaf-fall in autumn, which is just before or during the rut. Scrapes are usually placed in open or conspicuous places, such as along a deer trail. Most are made by older males, although females and younger males (2.5 years old or less) occasionally make scrapes.译文鹿和鹿的摩擦①一个表示白尾鹿在小树林中存在的显著标志是雄鹿擦痕。
时事外刊专项阅读训练(十)-2025届高三英语一轮复习
时事外刊专项阅读训练（十）（本套习题结合外刊时事热点，紧跟出题趋势，力求训练的同时拓宽视野）AMost of us know what it's like to get presents from friends. Whether it's for a birthday or other celebration, it's hard to beat the excitement of opening a carefully wrapped box to find something that's both unexpected and suits you perfectly. Now, imagine if you could get the same feeling when you go shopping for yourself. That's the feeling that mystery boxes hope to replicate.Mystery boxes are not a new idea –they were a feature of department stores in Japan in the early 20th Century. They contain a range of different products, which are sold at a lower price than their combined value. The key thing is that customers don't know what's in the box before they buy. All kinds of mystery boxes are available: fashion boxes, food boxes, beauty boxes, even loot boxes, which are virtual items for video games.The pleasant surprise is not the only attraction of mystery boxes. They also allow people to try things that they otherwise wouldn't. Seasonal vegetable subscription boxes might lead people to learn to cook new meals. They can also potentially offer great savings –as the recommended retail price of the contents is often far higher than the purchase price. For retailers and suppliers the benefits are clear –it allows them to sell unwanted stock for a profit. British fashion mystery box entrepreneur Mario Maher highlights how mystery boxes can help reduce the amount of waste in the fashion industry. People might discover product ranges that would otherwise be thrown away.There is an obvious downside to mystery boxes –when you buy them, you don't know what you'll get! It may be that the goods inside are not to your taste, but there is also the potential for fraudsters to exploit the unpredictability of mystery boxes to send items that have a much lower value than the price of the box.So, are mystery boxes a fun way of reducing waste and making shopping more exciting, or more an opportunity for disappointment, or worse –deception?1. Mystery boxes were first a feature of department stores in which country in the early 20th Century?A. The UKB. JapanC. The USD. China2. What does the word "replicate" in the first paragraph mean?A. CopyB. ImproveC. DiscoverD. Create3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. The pleasant surprise of mystery boxes.B. How mystery boxes can help reduce waste.C. The benefits of mystery boxes for customers and retailers.D. The potential problems of mystery boxes.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the history of mystery boxes.B. To explain the pros and cons of mystery boxes.C. To encourage people to buy mystery boxes.D. To warn people against buying mystery boxes.BIt's summer, so it's a great time to be outdoors. One way of letting your hair down and enjoying the fresh air is to attend a music festival, where you can enjoy seeing your favourite musicians perform. But it's not just about the music – there are other activities to enjoy. And of course, it's a chance to spend time with your friends.People have always enjoyed communal gatherings – even in prehistoric times, people would come together, have feasts and celebrate – and part of the occasion involved playing or listening to music. So, music festivals are nothing new. But they have evolved, and in recent times, one of the most famous music festivals was Woodstock in the USA in 1969. This al fresco event was one of the largest ever to be staged and promised 'three days of peace and music'. It attracted a large 'hippie' crowd. And in 1970, the Glastonbury festival began on a farm in the UK and now spreads across 900 acres of land. It has become a highlight in a festival goers' music calendar, attracting major headline acts and large crowds who camp out for the weekend. Although they often have to endure rain and mud!Other festivals that have become huge include the Danube Island Festival in Austria, the Mawazine Festival in Morocco, the Isle of Wight Festival in the UK, and Coachella in the USA – a music and arts festival that features every genre of music. But from the mainstream to the niche, there seems to be a festival for everyone taking place around the world. And festivals have become big business too. According to research by Festicket in 2018, the music festival industry was worth $3bn (£2.28bn) globally, and it has continued to grow. Many events have become commercialised. Ticket prices are high and corporations and social media influencers cash in on festival themes.Despite all of this, for many hedonistic young people, attending a festival has become a rite of passage and a shared experience that can't be missed. Writing for BBC Culture,Arwa Haider says "for any generation, they're unlike any other place on earth: a site liberated from everyday rules, where we might bond with strangers and stumble across new sounds and sensations."1. Where did the Glastonbury festival start?A. In the USA.B. In Austria.C. On a farm in the UK.D. In Morocco.2. What does the word "hedonistic" in the last paragraph mean?A. Selfish.B. Enjoying pleasure.C. Thoughtful.D. Sociable.3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A. The history and evolution of music festivals.B. The most famous music festivals.C. How music festivals have become commercial.D. Different types of music festivals.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce some famous music festivals.B. To discuss the development of music festivals.C. To explain why people like music festivals.D. To show the business side of music festivals.CAs well as impressive physical attributes, elephants have a rich cultural heritage, passed down through customs and social behaviour which is learned, remembered, and shared within their herds.This is possible partly because of their social structure. Elephants live in complex, tightly knit, multigenerational societies, led by older females known as matriarchs. Younger elephants observe and mimic the behaviour of their elders, learning through experience. It helps that the herd does almost everything together, from foraging and feeding to raising each others' young. These interactions lead to deep long-lasting relationships, which can last for decades.Possibly because of these bonds, elephants seem to have emotional capacity. Just like humans, the creatures have been seen displaying signs of grief. When an elephant dies,others in the herd have been observed to repeatedly return to where the individual passed, which is said to be part of a mourning ritual. They may sniff and touch the carcass and bones and cover the site with leaves and sand. Moreover, a 2020 study by researchers Goldenberg and Wittemyer found that "elephants show broad interest in their dead regardless of the strength of former relationships with the dead individual", which may indicate advanced sentience, the scientists say.There's a saying found in many languages – 'an elephant never forgets'. In fact, memory has been essential to the survival of some elephant herds. A study within Great Kruger National Park found that, during an extreme drought in 2016, elephant groups led by matriarchs who had previously lived through a severe drought, had higher survival rates. Researchers concluded that the matriarchs likely remembered where sources of water could be located.So, count yourself lucky that you live on the same planet as these immense majestic animals.1. What is one of the reasons for elephants' rich cultural heritage being passed down?A. Their impressive physical attributes.B. Their social structure.C. Their ability to forage and feed.D. Their mourning rituals.2. The word "matriarchs" in the passage probably means _.A. young female elephantsB. old female elephants leading the herdC. male elephantsD. baby elephants3. What is the main idea of the third paragraph?A. Elephants have emotional capacity and show signs of grief.B. Elephants have a mourning ritual when one of them dies.C. Elephants show broad interest in their dead.D. Elephants have advanced sentience.4. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To describe the physical attributes of elephants.B. To explain the social structure of elephants.C. To show the cultural heritage and emotional capacity of elephants.D. To compare elephants with humans.DAs a result of trade, travel and migration, different cuisines have spread across the world. Many recipes, chefs and restaurants try to claim that their example of a particular culinary tradition is the most authentic. But is this a good thing?People care about authenticity because food traditions are closely linked to identity, particularly for migrant communities. Sociologist and professor of food studies, Krishnendu Ray, explains that home cooking is often the last way that communities can show their identity. British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver was accused of trying to take advantage of positive feelings about Jamaica. His ready meal product had a Jamaican name, but was unlike genuine Jamaican cooking.However, food consultant Sara Kay asks whether there are problems with the idea of authenticity. She highlights that these ideas often come from the expectations that majority cultures have about minority cultures and their food. These can be restricting – restauranteurs have complained that people expect Asian food to be cheaper than that from European cultures.Expectations can also give people a false idea of what is authentic. While large cities are full of eateries representing different countries – China, India, Italy, Mexico and more – these labels can oversimplify the reality of food from these countries. Stephanie Elizondo Greist was surprised by the difference between regional specialities in different parts of Mexico and what she ate growing up as a Mexican-American in Texas, but feels that both are authentic examples of Mexican food.A more controversial view of authenticity was stated by American Chef Andrew Zimmern, who claimed that he could bring Chinese dishes to Minnesota in a more authentic way than existing restaurants – many of which are owned by Chinese-Americans. Writer and food podcaster Ruth Tam points out that while these restaurants altered their menus to suit local tastes, so does Zimmern. So, while food and identity are closely linked, and failure to respect authenticity can cause offence, could there be problems with the whole idea of authenticity?1.Why was British celebrity chef Jamie Oliver accused?A. Because his ready meal product was too expensive.B. Because his ready meal product had a Jamaican name but was not genuine Jamaican cooking.C. Because he didn't like Jamaican food.D. Because he didn't know how to cook Jamaican food.2.The underlined word "restricting" in Paragraph 3 probably means _.A. limitingB. encouragingC. interestingD. confusing3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 4?A. Different regional specialities of Mexican food.B. The difference between Mexican food in different places.C. Stephanie Elizondo Greist's experience with Mexican food.D. Both regional specialities and personal experiences are authentic examples of Mexican food.4.What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To discuss the importance of authenticity in food.B. To show the problems with the idea of authenticity in food.C. To introduce different cuisines around the world.D. To compare different views on authenticity in food.。
2019高考英语二轮强化训练—阅读理解28(可编辑修改word版)
2019 高考英语二轮强化训练—阅读理解 28AIf you go to Brisbane, Australia, you can easily get a small book called “Discover Brisbane” free. The book tells you almost everything in Brisbane: the restaurants, the shops, the cinemas, the streets, the buses, the trains, the banks, etc.. Here is something about banks on page 49: ANZ Banking GroupCnr. Greek & Queen Sts (2283228)Bank of New Zealand410 Queen Street (221)0411Bank of Queensland229 Elizabeth Street (2293122)Commonwealth Banking Group240 Queen Street (237)3111National Australia Bank Ltd225 Adelaide Street (2216422)Westpac Banking Corp260 Queen Street (227)2666Banking Hours are Mon-Thurs 9:30 am to 4 pm.Fri. 9:30 am to 5 pm. All banks close Sat. Sun. & Public Holidays. Australia has a decimal currency with 100 cents to the Dollar.Notes available are: $ 100, $ 50, $ 20, $ 10, $ 5Gold coins are: $ 2 & $1.Silver coins are: 50, 20, 10 & 5.Copper coins are: 2 & 1 cent.56.You can find ANZ bank on .A.Queen Street B．Elizabeth StreetC．the corner of Greek Street and Queen StreetD．the corner of Queen Street and Elizabeth Street57.seems to be the most important street in Brisbane.A.Greek Street B．Elizabeth Street C．Queen Street D．Adelaide Street58.On Saturday, you can go to to put your money in or take your money out.A．ANZ Banking Group B．Bank of QueenslandC．National Australia Bank Ltd D．no bank59.In Australia, the banks have their longest service hours on .A.public holidays B．Sundays C．Saturdays D．FridaysBMy aunt Edith was a widow(寡妇) of 50, working as a secretary, when doctors discovered she had got what was then thought to be a very serious heart illness.Aunt Edith doesn’t accept defeat easily. She began studying medical reports in the library and found an article in a magazine about a well- known heart doctor, Dr Michael Debakey, in Houston, Texas. He had saved the life of someone with the same illness. The article said Dr Debakey’sfees were very high; Aunt Edith couldn’t possibly pay them. But could he tell her of someone whose fees she could pay?So Aunt Edith wrote to him. She simply listed her reasons for wanting to live: her three children, who would be on their own in three or four more years, and among them, a little girl who always dreamed of traveling and seeing the world. There wasn’t a word of self-pity－only warmth and humor and the joy of living. She mailed the letter, not really expecting an answer.A few days later, my doorbell rang. Aunt Edith didn’t wait to come in; she stood in the hall and read aloud:Your beautiful letter moved me very deeply. If you can come to Houston, there will be no charge for either the hospital or the operation.That was seven years ago. Since then, Aunt Edith has been around the world. Her three children are happily married. For her age, she is one of the youngest, most lively people I know.60.In fact, Aunt Edith’s letter to Dr Debakey was full of .A.courage B．thanks C．pity D．sadness61.The reason why Aunt Edith remains young is that .A.she had an operation by a famous doctor B．she has been light- hearted all the timeC．her three children take good care of her D．her three children have been on their ownCGovernors, lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists, and every educated person finds his views affected by science. Yet our science teaching of non-scientists, in school and college, has built up mistaken ideas, dislikes, and the common boast, “I never did understand sci ence.”Even those students who arrive at college with plans to becomescientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science: some have a collection of unorganized facts about science, and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information; the second, from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student’s understanding but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formulas(公式). Neither type of courses (in school or college) seems to give students an understanding of science as we find it among scientists. Neither shows students how real scientists work and think, how the facts are gathered, how discoveries are made, and what they mean. Young people need good teaching of science, not so much a great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science. They need an understanding of knowledge leading to sympathy with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work. Given these, it is easy to encourage later reading and learning.62.One of the reasons that cause mistaken ideas of science is due to.A．a mistaken pic ture in students’ mindB．the unscientific way of teaching of scienceC．the fact that students fail to see the influence(影响) of science D．the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science63.According to the passage, we can safely say that the subject of the passage is .A.need for good science teachingB.every person, including governors, lawyers and business leaders should study scienceC.young people should form a correct attitude to scienceD.students must know what science is and how scientists work and think64.A good course of science is .A.to teach students to do things according to formulasB.to provide students with all kinds of informationC.to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to scienceD.to encourage students to have a good command of knowledge 65．People such as governors, lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because . A．they can be affected by scientists when they are togetherB．scientists make discoveries and apply them to help people livea more comfortable, stable and safe lifeC．they owe much to scientists’ contributions D．scientists are great personsDFrank Lloyd Wright probably is the greatest architect that the United States has ever produced. He was very gifted and had a natural ability to design buildings. His buildings were not only beautiful, but they were also practical and useful. They fit their purposes very well. Wright’s churches, for example, make people feel like thinking and praying. His office buildings make people enjoy working, and his houses make people feel comfortable, at home. However, Fank Lloyd Wright’s beautiful, practical and useful buildings are not the only reason that he is famous. There is another reason.Frank Lloyd Wright is called the greatest American architect because he started an American style in architecture. Most of the architecture in the United States before Wright was really European, not American. Wright’s buildings do not look like old European buildings. They havetheir own style. Wright’s idea about style are still used in the United States and in other parts of the world.The most important idea in Frank Lloyd Wright’s Style of Architecture is that a building must fit its purpose and the land around it. His houses are often called “grass-land houses” because their lines are similar to the lines on the grassland. Both the lines of the grassland and the lines of Wright’s house are parallel to the horizon(与地平线平行), the place where earth and sky seem to meet. They are horizontal lines. Most European style houses, in contrast, have many vertical lines that form 90°angles with the horizon.66.Frank Lloyd Wright’s style in architecture was .A． learned from some European countries B． not only limited to the U.SC．no longer popular D．somewhat similar to the European style 67．Which of the following best describes the character of the houses that Wright designed?A．They were very large and beautiful. B．They were very comfortable.C．They could be used as churches. D．They were beautiful in design but not practical in use.68.What is the most important idea in Wright’s style?A.Architectural design should match natural surroundings.B．A building must have grassland around it.C． American style in architecture should be different from European’s.D．Design should be more important than use.69.Which of the following is NOT true about Wright’s “grass-land houses”?A.The lines of “grass-land houses” are similar to lines on the grassland.B.The lines of “ grass-land houses” are horizontal.C.The color of the lines of “grass-land houses” is green.D.They are different from European style houses.70.The best title for this passage would be .A.The Differences between the American and European Styles in ArchitectureB.“Grass-land” Houses Designed by WrightC．How to Make Your Houses More BeautifulD．The Influence of Wright on American ArchitectureEIs it possible to persuade manking to live without war? War is an ancient practice which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past, the human race managed to live with it. Modern cleverness has changed this. Either Man will end the existence of war, or war will end the existence of Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons(核武器) that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeeded in ending the existence of nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in ending war. To do this, we need to persuade manking to look upon international problems in a new way not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people, but by settling in accordance with agreed rules of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the acceptance of this or that ideology(意识形态) would prevent war. I believe this to be a big mistake. Allideologies are based upon dogmatic statements(强词夺理) which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their supporters believe in them so deeply that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are coming nearer to is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important struggle nowadays is not between different countries but between Man and the atom bomb.71.This passage implies that war is now .A.worse than in the past B．as bad as in the pastC．not so dangerous as in the past D．as necessary in the past 72.In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind…” (Paragraph 1), “this” refers to . A．to end the existence of war B．to improve weaponsC．to solve international problems D．to live a peaceful life 73．From Paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage .A.is a supporter of some modern ideologiesB.does not think that the acceptance of any ideologies could prevent warC.believes that the acception of some ideologies could prevent warD.does not doubt the truth of any ideologies74.According to the writer, .A.war is the only way to solve international argumentsB.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC.it is impossible for people to live without warD.war must be ended if Man wants to survive(生存)75．The last paragraph suggests that .A．international agreements can be reached more easily nowB．Man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC．nuclear war will surely not take place D．world opinion welcomes nuclear war56—60 CCDDA 61—65 BBACB 66—70 BBACD 71—75 AABDB。
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 28 试题及答案
2021年托福阅读PASSAGE 28试题及答案PASSAGE 28The end of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century were marked by the development of an international Art Nouveau style, characterized by sinuous lines, floral and vegetable motifs, and soft evanescent coloration. The Art Nouveau style was an eclectic one,bringing together elements of Japanese art, motifs of ancient cultures, and natural forms. The glass objects of this style were elegant in outline, although often deliberately distorted, with pale or iridescent surfaces. A favored device of the style was to imitate the iridescent surface seen on ancient glass that had been buried. Much of the Art Nouveau glass produced during the years of its greatest popularity had been generically termed "art glass." Art glass was intended for decorative purposes and relied for its effect upon carefully chosen color combinations and innovative techniques.France produced a number of outstanding exponents of the Art Nouveau style; among the most celebrated was Emile Galle (1846-1904). In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today. Tiffany was a brilliant designer, successfully combining ancient Egyptian, Japanese, and Persian motifs.The Art Nouveau style was a major force in the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century. At first restricted to a small avant-garde group of architects and designers, Functionalism emerged as the dominant influence upon designers after the First World War. The basic tenet of the movement—that function should determine form —was not a new concept. Soon a distinct aesthetic code evolved: form should be simple, surfaces plain, and any ornament should be based on geometric relationships. This new design concept, coupled with the sharp postwar reactions to the styles and conventions of the preceding decades, created an entirely new public taste which caused Art Nouveau types of glass to fall out of favor. The new taste demanded dramatic effects of contrast, stark outline and complex textural surfaces.1. What does paragraph 1 mainly discuss?(A) Design elements in the Art Nouveau style(B) The popularity of the Art Nouveau style(C) Production techniques for art glass(D) Color combinations typical of the Art Nouveau style2. The word "one" in line 4 refers to(A) century(B) development(C) style(D) coloration3. Paragraph 1 mentions that Art Nouveau glass was sometimes similar to which aspect of ancient buried glass？(A) The distortion of the glass(B) The appearance of the glass surface(C) The shapes of the glass objects(D) The size of the glass objects4. What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?(A) to compare different Art Nouveau styles(B) to give examples of famous Art Nouveau artists(C) to explain why Art Nouveau glass was so popular in the United States(D) to show the impact Art Nouveau had on other cultures around the world5. The word "prized" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved6. The word "overtaken" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied7. What does the author mean by stating that "function should determine form" (lines 23-24)?(A) A useful object should not be attractive.(B) The purpose of an object should influence its form.(C) The design of an object is considered more significant than its function.(D) The form of an object should not include decorative elements.8. It can be inferred from the passage that one reason Functionalism became popular was that it(A) clearly distinguished between art and design(B) appealed to people who liked complex painted designs(C) reflected a common desire to break from the past(D) was easily interpreted by the general public9. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements aboutFunctionalism?(A) Its design concept avoided geometric shapes.(B) It started on a small scale and then spread gradually.(C) It was a major force in the decorative arts before the First World War.(D) It was not attractive to architects and designers.10. According to the passage , an object made in the Art Nouveau style would most likely include(A) a flowered design(B) bright colors(C) modern symbols(D) a textured surfaceANSWER KEYSPASSAGE 28 ACBBA ABCBA。
高2英语2.28日(周四)完型练习及答案
完形填空2010高考AIt was a cool October evening. Excitement and family members __36___ the hall. I was only a 7-year-old girl, but I was the center of __37___. Finally, after weeks of preparation, I would __38_ all my hard work in a dance of performance. Everything would be __39___ —so I thought.I waited backstage all __40__ in my black tights with a golden belt. In a loud and clear voice, the master of ceremonies __41__ that my class was next.My dance class was doing a routine on wooden boxes two feet by two feet, facing the __42___. All I had to do in the next move was put one foot on the box next to mine and keep my other foot on my box.. It really was an __43__ move. I was concentrating so much __44___ the huge smile on my face and holding my head up that I did not look __45__ I was going. I missed my partner’s box altogether and __46__. There I was standing on the stage floor when my classmates were on top of their boxes. I could hear giggles(咯咯笑) coming from the audience, and I felt the ___47___ rush to my face. I remembered my dance teacher had told us, “If you make a mistake, keep smiling so the audience will not ___48___.” I did my best to follow her ___49___ as I continued with the routine.When the curtain dropped, so did my __50___ for the evening. I ___51___ bitterly, tasting the salt from the tears that streamed down my face. I ran backstage, but no one could __52__ me down.Recently I realized I had been a __53__ that night. I was ___54___, but I fought the urge to run off the stage. __55___, I finished the routine with a smile on my face. Now when friends and family laugh about the time I slipped during a dance performance, I can laugh too.36. A. filled B. visited C. attended D. decorated37. A. pressure B. impression C. debate D. attention38. A. take over B. show off C. look after D. give up39. A. reasonable B. suitable C. obvious D. perfect40. A. dressed up B. folded up C. covered up D. mixed up41. A. suggested B. explained C. announced D. predicted42. A. music B. audience C. curtain D. stage43. A. easy B. active C. adventurous D. extra44. A. containing B. hiding C. sharing D. keeping45. A. why B. whether C. where D. what46. A. wandered B. slipped C. waved D. skipped47. A. blood B. pleasure C. pride D. tear48. A. leave B. cheer C. believe D. notice49. A. gesture B. example C. advice D. plan50. A. doubts B. hopes C. voice D. patience51. A. argued B. shouted C. begged D. sobbed52. A. turn B. calm C. let D. put53. A. star B. pioneer C. loser D. fool54. A. satisfied B. moved C. embarrassed D. confused七选五Question: I have recently got a serious position within my company. One of my new tasks is to make monthly progress reports on my department in front of other senior officials. During my first meeting, I presented and then opened the floor to questions. 71 My first reaction was to answer defensively. Later, I realized that I shouldn’t have felt that way. But how can I keep cool and effectively answer questions in this type of settings?Answer: Congratulations on your new position! Presenting in front of your peers（同事）is a hard task in itself, and it becomes much more difficult when a question-and-answer period is required. Question-and-answer periods as a great way to clarify the message and strengthen key points, 72●73When a person is asking a question, show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and asking for clarification.●Buy time.When facing a h ard question, most people can’t give an answer immediately. Buy time by repeating the question in your own words. 74 These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sure you will be correctly answering the question.●Suggest a private meeting.A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speaking in front of your peers. 75A. Show your true interest.B. Restate the question with respect.C. Some ideas can be quite concrete.D. There were many difficult questions.E. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F. Y ou may also ask for clarification on the question.G. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.BWhen I first entered university, my aunt, who is an English professor, gave me a new English dictionary. I was __36___to see that it was an English English dictionary, also known as a monolingual dictionary. _37___it was a dictionary intended for non-native learners, none of my classmates had one __38__, to be honest, I found it extremely __39_ to use at first. I would look up words in the dictionary and _40__ not fully understand the meaning. I was used to the __41__ bilingual dictionaries, in which the words are _42__ both in English and Chinese. I really wondered why my aunt __43_ to make things so difficult for me. Now, after studying English at university for three years, I _44__ that monolingual dictionaries are __45_ in learning a foreign language.As I found out, there is __46_ often no perfect equivalence(对应)between two _47___ in two languages. My aunt even goes so far as to 48___ that a Chinese “equivalent” can never give you the __49___ meaning of a word in English! ___50_ , she insisted that I read the definition(定义) of a word in a monolingual dictionary __51___ I wanted to get a better understanding of its meaning. ____52__, I have come to see what she meant.Using a monolingual dictionary for learners has helped me in another important way. This dictionary uses a(n) 53 number of words, around 2, 000, in its definitions. When I read these definitions, I am 54 exposed to（接触）the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas. 55 this, I can express myself more easily in English.36.A．worried B．sad C．surprised D．nervous37.A．Because B．Although C．Unless D．If38.A．but B．so C．or D．and39.A．difficult B．interesting C．ambiguous D．practical40.A．thus B．even C．still D．again41.A．new B．familiar C．earlier D．ordinary42.A．explained B．expressed C．described D．created43.A．offered B．agreed C．decided D．happened44.A．imagine B．recommend C．predict D．understand45.A．natural B．better C．easier D．convenient46. A．at best B．in fact C．at times D．in case47.A．words B．names C．ideas D．characters48.A．hope B．declare C．doubt D．tell49.A．exact B．basic C．translated D．expected50.A．Rather B．However C．Therefore D．Instead51.A．when B．before C．until D．while52.A．Largely B．Generally C．Gradually D．Probably53.A．extra B．average C．total D．limited54.A．repeatedly B．nearly C．immediately D．anxiously55.A．According to B．In relation to C．In addition to D．Because of短文改错My friend Nick told me story about his experience back in the US which was very interested. One day he was having a yard sale and the old man living next door come by to help. As the old man looked over the things on the yard that were to be sold he stopped at a box of golden ball for Christmas trees. On the box was a card say: “25 cents each.” “Y ou will never s ell these for that much.” he told Nick. Convinced , Nick has brought the price up to 10 cents a piece. Without a moment’s delay, my neighbor pricked up the box but announced: “I ’ll take the m.。
初中英语8年级星级阅读训练 Test 28
Test 28AComplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。
每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次)：“Sometimes I can't believe how 5 my job is，says Denise Gould. Building things is a real thrill.”Gould's occupation is building houses. What makes it so exciting? No two houses that she builds are alike. Before Gould starts building, she spends hours talking with her 6 . When she understands exactly what they want, she begins building their perfect “dream house.”Some of her houses look as if they come from the 7 . Others look as if they have been around for hundreds of years. Her favorite，though, was built for a family that loved boats. It is 8 just like a sailboat. “It makes us feel we're always on our boat，”says the owner.CDEABChoose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案):One day, Tony walked home from the park where he had baseball practice. His sister Lara was home from college, and he was excited to show off his baseball uniform.As he approached his house, Tony saw Lara’s car parked in the driveway and hurried. He decided to go around to the back door to surprise his sister.When he got to the door, he noticed a yellow sticky note on the door. On the sticky note was a word he didn’t know. Tony shrugged and opened the door.Inside the kitchen, Tony observed that everything had a tiny sticky note on it- the sink, table, chairs, refrigerator, oven, and microwave. Even the flowers had a sticky note on them!Each note had a different word on it. He raised his eyebrows and went into the family room to find his sister.Again, he found tiny sticky notes everywhere. The couch, recliner, TV, stereo, and bookshelves were all labeled with strange words. And where was Lara?He went up the sticky-note-labeled staircase to his room. Just as Tony had suspected(怀疑），his room was plastered(枯贴）with notes. His bed, lamp, closet, and desk all wore sticky notes. Even his baseball bat had a note on it! What was going on?“Hey, kiddo,” he heard his sister say. Tony turned around as Lara was putting a sticky note on his light switch.“What are you doing?” Tony asked. Lara explained to Tony that the words were Spanish for the things they were stuck on. The notes were helping Lara learn Spanish!1. Tony wanted to show his sister ?A. his new uniformB. his baseball gloveC. his baseball batD. an autographed baseball2. Why didn’t Tony use the front door?A. It was locked.B. It had a note on it.C. Lara was using it.D. He wanted to surprise Lara.3. What did Tony observe when he go home?A. His sister was not at home.B. He noticed an envelope on the door.C. Everything has a tiny stick note on it.D. His parents were waiting for him at home.4. What did NOT have a sticky note on it when Tony first got home?A. Flowers in the kitchen.B. His bedroom light switch.C. The stereo.D. The couch.5. What was Lara doing?A. She was playing.B. She was learning Spanish.C. She was giving a lesson.D. She was practicing baseball.6. What can we learn from the story?A Tony is a good student.B.The parents are teachers of Spanish.C.Tony and his sister are learning Spanish.D.Tony's sister is a good college student.ADCBBDCChoose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):When I was fifteen 1 went to a summer camp. There were lots of great 1 but there was one thing I was really scared(害怕的）about: climbing the wall.The wall is a kind of rock that people use to learn how to climb. It is very tall. We were all supposed to climb the wall, but I knew I couldn’t get to the top because I am 2 height.I was ashamed and I didn’t want anyone to know that I was scared. I thought they would all laugh at me. I practiced my excuse：''I'm not scared, you know. I suffer from vertigo (眩晕).The day came. It was time to climb the wall. The sun was shining but everyone was very quiet that morning. I took photographs at the bottom of the wall and tried to 3 .Everyone in the group went up. Then the moment came. It was my turn. I was so scared that all I could think about was my excuse. Someone said, “Shall I take your camera?” and I answered “I’m not scared, you know. I suffered from vertigo.” The 4 was that I was more than scared. I was terrified. The camp leader said, “Don’t worry, you don’t have to do anything you don’t want to do.” I was surprised. Everyone was understanding. No one 5 .The next day, the leader asked me if 1 wanted to try the wall on my own, the others watching. Although I was still very nervous I agreed and climbed slowly to the top with his help. I was still shaking when I came down, but I was really happy and relieved too. For me, climbing the wall was a real achievement.1. A. activities B. operations C. accidents D. exams2. A. poor at B. good at C. afraid of D. fond of3. A. go B. hide C. appear D. run4. A. truth B. situation C. story D. reason5. A. jumped B. cheered C. smiled D. laughed6. A. with B. without C. among D. behindACBDBDReading the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。
2022高考英语(二月)阅读理解精选(2)及解析
2022高考英语（二月）阅读理解精选（2）及解析维B2 阅读明白得(每题2分，满分8分)选材相似度：★★★★设题相似度：★★★难度系数：★★★★Almost 300 students at the four top high schools in Beijing have given up plans to sit college entrance exams in favor of studying overseas for the international experience.The capital's other three top high schools—No.Four，No.Eight and No.11 high schools—also have overseas study classes.Fan Xiaozhou,18，is a student in the overseas study class at the Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University.She is waiting for an offer from the 12 universities she applied to in the US.Her first choice is Pennsylvania State University.“For students who take university entrance exams，they only need to study hard for the final year of high school.The next four years of university life would be stress-free，”she said，“But if I get the chance to study in the US，I will have to study hard right now and I'll also cherish every moment there.”A key feature of overseas study classes is that English and Chinese cultures are essential parts of the curriculum.There are additional courses created by the Advanced Placement Program in the US，but mostly the syllabus deals with reviewing knowledge learned during the previous two years of high school education.The emphasis is always on preparing for the university entrance examination.Most of the students in the class have beyond average academic performance and some also have overseas study experiences.It was reported that in the past three years，more than 30,000 high school graduates chose to study overseas instead of taking university entrance exam.More than 100,000 students sat in the national college entrance exams in Beijing last year,16,000 less than the previous year.Notes：①curriculum n．课程②syllabus n．课程提纲长短句分析：There are additional courses created by the Advanced Placement Program in the US，but mostly the syllabus (课程提纲) deals with reviewing knowledge learned during the previous two years of high school education.句法点睛：本句中，created by the Advanced Placement Program in the US与learned during the previous two years of high school education为过去分词短语作定语。
高二英语大阅读28 (配北师大版Unit 22 Environmental Protection)
高二英语大阅读28 (配北师大版Unit 22 Environmental Protection)right from the start, eight years ago, there was an uncommon connection between him and the small black cat. He 36 her Inky.“I grew up on a hundred-acre farm and had only cats 37 playmates,”Kruger, the seventy-year-old man, says. “My hearing was damaged by the 38 of farm equipment, so I learned to connect with 39 . They react to what they see and what you do.”Inky was a gentle cat, 40 the house with five other cats. But on a January night in 2009, Inky did 41 that would set her apart from 42 cats forever.Kruger had gone down to the basement to 43 the wood stove for the night. When he was finished, he 44 to the top of the stairs and reached to turn off the lights. In doing so, he slipped and 45 his back against an old shelf. The heavy shelf came crashing down and sent Kruger down the stairs.46 in a pool of blood on the basement floor, Kruger felt 47 going into shock (休克). He shouted for help, 48 his wife, Brenda, was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house. 49 Kruger noticed Inky watching from the top of the stairs.“Go get Brenda,” Kruger said to Inky.Inky 50 to the bedroom door and scratched 51 until Brenda opened it. Then Inky led her to the 52 . Brenda found her husband 53 the stairs and called 911. Kruger was rushed to the hospital. “I spent six months 54 there,” says Kruger. “Although I became lame,I was blessed.” Since the accident, Inky has 55 left Kruger’s side.36. A. gave B. chose C. named D. remembered37. A. like B. as C. except D. among38. A. sound B. alarm C. noise D. voice39. A. animals B. friends C. farmers D. neighbors40. A. sharing B. visiting C. dividing D. discovering41. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything42. A. familiar B. lovely C. ordinary D. outstanding43. A. shut out B. shut off C. shut down D. shut up44. A. marched B. flew C. struggled D. climbed45. A. bent B. hit C. shook D. pulled46. A. Falling B. Lying C. Appearing D. Thinking47. A. it B. itself C. him D. himself48. A. and B. but C. or D. so49. A. Thus B. Otherwise C. Then D. Rather50. A. walked B. ran C. returned D. withdrew51. A. rapidly B. suddenly C. madly D. urgently52. A. bedroom B. basement C. yard D. house53. A. at the bottom of B. in the middle of C. at the top of D. in the front of54. A. regretting B. resting C. relaxing D. recovering55. A. never B. ever C. still D. already Reading Comprehension: 8*2 = 16 scoresA (2017NMET1B)I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful.I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.I examined the chick (雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down.Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.21. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?A. Efforts made in vain.B. Getting injured in his work.C. Feeling uncertain about his future.D. Creatures forced out of their homes.22. Why was the author called to Muttontown?A. To rescue a woman.B. To take care of a woman.C. To look at a baby owl.D. To cure a young owl.23. What made the chick calm down?A. A new nest.B. Some food.C. A recording.D. Its parents.24. How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?A. It’s unexpected.B. It’s beautiful.C. It’s humorous.D. It’s discouraging.B (2018北京C)Plastic-Eating Worms1Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 milliontons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but anew study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.2 Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almo st 3% of it. To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.3 Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. “Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well,” she explains, “The wax worm evolv ed a method or system to break this bond.”4 Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?5Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s find ings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”25. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.26. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed27. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean the oceansD. be produced in factories in future28. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance. 阅读七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）2017NMET3根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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Some students think it difficult to learn English well. That’ s because they don’ t find the right way. I think reading is very important for students. The more you read, the better you'll understand（理解）. Reading is helpful to listening, speaking and writing.
If you often read English aloud, you’ll improve（提高）your listening. On the other hand, listening a lot can help you to read better. Read English everywhere when you are free, if you wish. You can get a lot of knowledge（知识）when you read. Sometimes you need to express （表达）your ideas, you can either speak or write. That means you are using what you have learned from reading. The same as Chinese, the more you read., the better you can write. If you want to remember something, you should read again and again. So from now on, you'd better do more reading. It's
a good way to learn English well.
1.Some students think it difficult to learn English well because( )
A. they don1 t work hard
B. they are afraid of English
C. they don' t find the right way
D. they aren ’ t clever
2. Reading is helpful to ( )
A. Speaking.
B. Listening
C. Writing
D. A.B.&C
3. The writer thinks( ) is a good to learn English well.
A. doing more writing
B. doing more reading
C. remembering more
D. writing better
(T)
Tom, Bill and Dave lost their backpacks（背包）.They are at the Lost and Found desk. The backpacks are the same, but the things in them are different. Can you help them find the right backpack?
Tom: I have a math book and a pencil case in my backpack. There are three pencils, a pen and an eraser in the pencil case.
Bill: I have a Chinese dictionary, a math book and two notebooks in my backpack. Dave: There are two CDs,three picture books in my backpack. My English book is also in it.
1.The three boys lost their( )
A.Backpacks
B.keys
C.dictionaries
D.Pens
2. Which of the following(下面)is in Tom’ s backpack.A(an)( )
A. Dictionary
B. Notebook
C. English book
D. Pencil case
3. Bill have( )in is backpack.
A. A pencil case
B. Picture books
C. A Chinese dictionary
D. Two CDs
参考答案
1-3CDB 4-6ADC。