教学法考试题型和复习范围

英语学科教学论考试题型和复习范围I. Abbreviations:TTT: Teacher Talking TimeSTT: Student Talking TimeESA: Engage Study ActivatePPP: Presentation Practice ProductionTBLT: Task-Based Language TeachingCLT: Communicative Language TeachingTPR: Total Physical ResponseSLT: Situational Language TeachingNLP: Neuro Linguistic ProgrammingCLL: Cooperative Language LearningLexical ApproachNatural ApproachII. Definitions:nguage acquisition and language learning：language acquisition: gaining use of a language without any conscious learning.Natural order of language learning: listening - speaking - reading - writingSecond language learning: more complexUnconscious learning in natural circumstancesContact with the language for the purpose of communicationprehensible input3.development error:4.stereotype5.attention span6.schemarmation gap8.skimming and scanning9.corpus10.gist listening11.plateau effect12.rough-tune13.interactional speech and transactional speech14.parallel writing15.strategy and skill16.accuracy and fluency17.overgeneralization18.scanning and skimmingIII. Short questions:1.List at least four principles of teaching listening.Principle 1: The tape recorder is just as important as the tape.Principle 2: Preparation is vital.Principle 3: Once will not be enough.Principle 4: Students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a listening, not just to the language.Principle 5: Different listening stages demand different listening tasks.Principle 6: Good teachers exploit listening texts to the full.2.List at least four principles of teaching speaking.1. Be aware of the differences between second language and foreignlanguage learning contexts.2. Give students practice with both fluencyand accuracy.3. Provide opportunities for students to talk by using group work or pairwork, and limiting teacher talk – diverse roles.4. Plan speaking tasks that involve negotiation for meaning.5. Design classroom activities that involve guidance and practice in bothtransactional and interactional speaking.3.List at least four principles of teaching reading.Principle 1: reading is not a passive skill.Principle 2: students need to be engaged with what they are reading.Principle 3: students should be encouraged to respond to the content of a reading text, not just to the language.Principle 4: prediction is a major factor in reading.Principle 5: match the task to the topic.Principle 6: good teachers exploit reading texts to the full.4.List at least four principles of teaching writing.1. Understand your students’ reasons for writing.2. Provide opportunities for students to write – practice writing.3. Make feedback and correction helpful and meaningful.4. Clarify for yourself, and for your students, how their writing will beevaluated.5.List at least three special features about teaching listening.1. Tapes go at the same speed for everybody.2. Students have to be encouraged to listen for general understanding first ratherthan trying to pick out details immediately.3. Spoken language has a number of unique features.6.List at least four aspects that should be included in a teaching plan.1. Who – detailed information about the students.2. What – what do the teacher and students want to do?3. How – how should the teacher and students do it?4. To predict what might go wrong and how it can be dealt with.7.List at least four teaching methods and approaches that have influenced currentteaching practice.1.Grammar-translation method2.Audio-lingualism3.Task-Based Learningmunicative Language Teaching5.PPP8.List at least four differences between teaching adults and teaching children.9.List at least three reading skills that students need to acquire and explain each ofthem.1. To scan the text for particular bits of information they are searching for.2. To skim a text to get a general idea.3. To read for detailed comprehension.10.List at least four areas that teachers should consider when choosing textbooks.1.price2.availabilityyout and design4.methodology5.skills6.syllabus7.topic8.stereotyping9.teacher’s guide11.List at least four seating arrangements in the class.Orderly rowsCircles and horseshoesSeparate tablesCircleSolowork12.List at least four pieces of equipment that you can make use of in an English class.1.the board2.the computer3.the dictionary4.the overhead projector 投影仪13.List two popular information-gap activities.1.―Describe and Draw‖2.Jigsaw activity3.Family tree activity4.Story-telling activity14.List three types of writing rubrics.1.Non-weighted rubric2.Weighted rubric3.Holistic rubric15.List the four alternatives that Neville Grant suggests when the teacher finds thetext not appropriate.1.he or she might simply decide to omit the lesson.2.replace the textbook lesson with one of the teacher’s own.3.add to what is in the book.4.for the teacher to adapt what is in the book.16.List at least four characteristics of good learners.1. a willingness to listen2. a willingness to experiment3. a willingness to ask questions4. a willingness to think about how to learn5. a willingness to accept correction17.List at least two magazines you know concerning the teaching of English.Success in English TeachingHow to Teach EnglishThe Practice of English Language TeachingPractical English Language TeachingCelce-Murcia, M. (ed.) 2001. Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. Third Edition. Boston, Ma: Heinle & HeinleNunan, D. 1999. Second Language Teaching and Learning. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.Richards J. and W. Renandya (eds.) 2002. Methodology in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.18.What are the four stages of choosing a textbook?1.analysis2.piloting3.consultation4.gathering opinions19.List at least three advantages of encouraging students to speak English in class.20.What is the natural order of language acquisition?1.They are usually exposed to language which they more or less understandeven if they can’t produce the same language spontaneously themselves.2.They are motivated to learn the language in order to be able to communicate.3.They have the opportunities to use the language they are learning, thus givingthemselves chances to flex their linguistic muscles—and check their own progress and abilities.21.What is the purpose of ―activate‖ activities?The purpose is to get students using languag e as freely and ―communicatively‖ as they can.22.What is the purpose of ―engage‖ activities?The purpose is to arouse the students’ interest, thus involving their emotions. 23.List at least two principles of giving instructions.1.They must be kept as simple as possible.2.They must be logical.24.What are the three basic level distinctions of language learners?1.beginner, those who don’t know any English2.intermediate suggests a basic competent in speaking and writing and anability to comprehend fairly straightforward listening and reading.3.advanced those whose level of English is competent, allowing them to readunsimplified fact and fiction and communicate fluently with native speakers. IV. Discussions:1.What is accuracy? What is fluency? How to give students practice in bothaccuracy and fluency? State your point of view.Accuracy: the extent to which students’ speech matches what people actually say when they use the target language.Fluency: the extent to which speakers use the language quickly and confidently, with few hesitations or unnatural pauses, false starts, word searches, etc.❑Avoid interruptions and offer fluency-building practice.❑Making mistakes is a natural part of learning a new language.2.What are the key elements in a lesson plan? How to design an effective lessonplan and make it feasible in the process of teaching? State your point of view.3.What should the teacher do if the students are uncooperative in the languageclassroom?1.Talk to individuals2.Write to individualse activities4.Enlist help5.Make a language-learning contract4.Explain the differences between teaching adults and teaching children.5.Explain the theoretical basis of audiolingualism and its influence on languageteaching.It is based heavily on behaviorist theories of learning. These theories suggested that much learning is the result of habit formation through conditioning. (long repetition-drill stages).Influence:☺Priority is given to spoken rather than written language.☺Language learning is basically a matter of developing a set of habits through drilling.☺It focuses on teaching the language, not about the language. It aims to develop students’ language skills through drills and practice.☹Language learning was not purely the formation of habits. For example, students are soon able to say things they have never heard or practiced before.☹In audiolingualism students are not exposed to real or realistic language.6.Explain the boomerang sequence of classroom teaching.In this sequence the teacher is answering the needs of the students. They are not taught language until and unless they have shown that they have a need for it. In some ways, this makes much better sense because the connection between what students need to learn and what they are taught is more transparent. However it places a greater burden on the teacher since he or she will have to be able to find good teaching material based on the problems thrown up at the Activate stage. It may also be moreappropriate for students at intermediate and advanced levels since they have quite a lot of language available for them at the Activate stage.From PPT: ―Boomerang‖ procedure❑Engage: students and teacher discuss issues concerning job interviews. What makes a good interviewee? What sort of thing does the interviewer want to find out? The students get interested in the discussion.❑Activate: the teacher describes an interview situation which the students are going to act out in a role-play. The students plan the kind of questions they are going to ask and the kind of answers they might want to give. Then they role-play the interviews. While they are doing this, the teacher makes a note of English mistakes they make and difficulties they have.❑Study: when the role-play is over, the teacher works with the students on the grammar and vocabulary which caused them trouble during the role-play. They might compare their language with more correct usage and try to work out or discover where they went wrong. They might do some controlled practice of the language.❑Activate: some time later, students role-play another job interview, bringing in the knowledge they gained in the study phase.7.How to overcome student boredom in classroom teaching?1.Both for the teacher’s sanity (明智，清醒)and the students’continuinginvolvement, teachers need to violate their own behavior patterns. Each time teachers break one of their own rules, in other words, they send a ripple through the class.2.The need for surprise and variety within a fifty-minute lesson is alsooverwhelming.3.Good teachers find a balance between predictable safety and unexpectedvariety.8.Explain instrumental motivation and integrative motivation. Which is of greatersignificance in foreign language teaching and learning?1.Integrative motivation: students felt most warmly about a language and whowanted to integrate into the culture of its speakers where more highly motivated (and learnt more successfully).2.Instrumental motivation: students who were only learning language as a meansto an end.9.In teaching speaking, how to transfer from control to communication in teachingspeaking?10.What’s special about teaching adults?Adults come to lessons with a long history of learning experience. Those experiences—both bad and good—will have helped them to form strong opinions about how teaching and learning should be carried out. They also come with theirown record of success or failure.Adults are frequently more nervous of learning than younger pupils are.Adults can be disruptive and exhausting.Adults as a group have much to recommend them.Adults have much less ongoing daily discipline problems.11.How do you understand authenticity in language teaching and learning?12.What can the teacher do if the students are not willing to talk in class?Use pair work.Use acting out and reading aloud.Use role-play.Use the tape recorder.Allow them to speak in a controlled way at first.13.What can the teacher do if the students keep using their own language in class?Talk to them about the issues.Encourage them to use English appropriately.Only respond to English use.Create an English environment.Keep reminding them.14.Why do students make mistakes?In the first place, the students’ own language may get in the way. This is most obviously the case with ―false friends‖—those words which sound or look the same but mean something different.Grammatical considerations matter too.Interference from the students’ own language makes mistakes.There is a category which a number of people call ―developmental‖ errors.Some mistakes are deep-seated and need constant attention.Some seem to be more like ―slips‖ made while students are simultaneously processing information and they are therefore easier to correct quickly.15.What should the teacher do if students in the class are all at different levels?Use different materials for different groups or levels.Do different tasks with the same material.Ignore the problem.Make use of the students: better students can help weaker ones.Many teachers, faced with students at different levels, adopt a mixture of solutions like the ones we have suggested here.16.Study the following pictures carefully. How can such materials be used inclassroom teaching according to the ESA sequence? (7 points)。