高考名词性从句解题技巧和经典题

名词性从句用法及真题解析考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。

1．连接词that，whether引导①That the college will take in more new students this year is true．今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。

②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance．他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

【注】(1)if不能引导主语从句。

(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。

常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。

如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。

B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。

如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。

C．It+be+v．ed形式+that从句。

如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out．据宣布计划已经顺利实施。

2．连接代词引导①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have．我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。

②who the letter was from is still unknown．这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。

③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。

3．连接副词引导①How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear．针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。

②why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery．恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。

考点2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether，if等，连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等，连接副词when，where，why，how等。

1．连接词that，whether，if引导①I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help．我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。

②I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years．我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。

【注】whether/if都意为“是否”。

一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。

(1)与or not紧接连用时。

如：Let me know whether or not you can come．请让我知道你是否能来。

(2)作介词的宾语从句时。

如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting．我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。

2．连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等如：①She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class．她问我班上谁的书法最好。

②I’ll just say whatever comes into my mind．我想到什么就说什么。

3.连接副词引导when，where，why，how等①Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗?②I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting．我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。

4．宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。

如：①He asked me when we could set out the next day．他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

②Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?5．宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。

①She says(that)she works fromMonday to Friday．她说她周一至周五上班。

(从句是一般现在时)②she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk．她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。

(从句是一般将来时)③She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei．她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。

(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。

如：①He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon．他说昨天下午没有课。

(从句是一般过去时)②He said that he was going to take care of the baby．他说他会去照看这个婴儿。

(从句是过去将来时)③He said that they were having a meeting at that time．他说他们那时正在开会。

(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。

如：①The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it．老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。

②He said that light travels much faster than sound．他说光比声音传播得快。

【注】在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。

如：①I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day．我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

②I have made it a rule that I keep diaries．我每天写日记成了惯例。

(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

如：①I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food．我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。

②When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral．启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。

(3)介词后的宾语从句。

如：①She is always thinking of how she can do more for others．她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。

②We are talking about whether we admit students into our club．我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

(4)宾语从句的否定转移。

将think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

如：①I don’t think I know you．我想我并不认识你。

②I don’t believe he will come．我相信他不回来。

考点3、表语从句常由连接词that，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever；连接副词when，where，how，why引导。

1．连接词引导①The reason for his absence is that he hasn’t been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。

②The question remains whether they will be able to help us．问题还是他们能否帮我们。

2．连接代词和连接副词引导①The problem is who will take charge of this shop．问题是谁将接管这家店铺。

②That is when I realized the importance of journalism．那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。

【注】(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。

如：①It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door．听上去好像有人在敲门。

②At that time，it seemed as though I couldn’t think of the right word．当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason why…is that…。

如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late．他来得晚是因为起床晚了。

考点4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。