2005年英语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2005考研英语真题答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English (10 points)1-5. CBACB 6-10. ADADB 11-15. CADCD 16-20. BCDABSection II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points) 21-25. CBACB 26-30. CDADB 31-35. ACDDA 36-40. BDABCPart B (10 points) 41-45. ECGFBPart C (10 points)46. 电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。
也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大的作用。
47. 多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。
这些集团把相互关系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。
48. 仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。
这个事实通过统计数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于50%。
49. 创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。
正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。
50. 在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。
”Section ⅢWriting (30 points)Part A (10 points) A Letter, to QuitJun 22, 2005 Dear Mr. Wang,First of all, please allow me to express my deep sorry to you for my resignation. I do know that this will bring about much trouble to you so that I write to you for my explanation.I decided to quit for some reasons as follows. To begin with, the job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions is not suitable to me. What’s more, I’m preparing for another degree and I prefer to further my study. Again, I apologize for my resignation to you!I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours Sincerely,Li Ming Part B (20 points)A Helpless FatherThe picture ironically shows that a pitiable old man in rags is being helplessly kicked off by his three sons and a daughter, who all wear decent clothes. The father’s negligent children are all guarding their home gates lest their old father “roll into” their households. In other words, they four ignore their moral sense of assuming the responsibility for th eir old father even though they may be all living a satisfying life. That is a painful scene we often encounter in our daily life.Sad to say, the moral decline of the younger generations may be a rather explosive situation in our modern society. People definitely have their living conditions improved by wider and wider margins, as evidenced by the four children’s decent dressing, but their moral sense still remains sadly unchanged or in some cases becomes dramatically downgrading. Most people might have become too much self-centered, and even worse, they discard the tradition of giving respect to the elderly. They no longer care for their elders, let alone their neighbors or the disadvantaged; instead they try every means to avoid responsibility for other citizens. When one cares for others, one might even appear stupid or may even be distrusted.Therefore, we have to take some useful measures to avoid the scene that is mentioned above. We must launch a variety of campaigns about the return to the good tradition of giving help and love the elderly. Moreover, we must appeal to our government to establish some relevant laws to punish those who avoid their duties. The last but not the least, our respect for age is an indication of the progress of human society, as imperatives of traditions require. We sincerely wish that the old man could be welcome to any of the four households, elegantly dressed, and a smile on the face.2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)试题答案详解Section I Use of English1. C 空格前讲的是，和动物相比，人的嗅觉常被认为不灵敏，空格后讲的是，…这主要是因为，…动物，我们是直立的。
考研英语2005年真题
考研英语2005年真题考研英语2005年真题解析IntroductionThe purpose of this article is to analyze and provide a comprehensive review of the 2005 English exam for the postgraduate entrance examination (PGEE) in China. The 2005 exam is chosen as it provides an insightful look into the exam format, question types, and difficulty level of the English section.Exam Format and StructureThe English section of the 2005 PGEE consisted of two parts: Part A - Translation and Part B - Reading Comprehension. Both parts required a high level of English language proficiency, reading comprehension skills, and the ability to convey meaning accurately.Part A - TranslationIn this section, candidates were required to translate a Chinese passage into English. The passage tested the candidates' skills in both the Chinese and English languages. It aimed to assess their understanding of grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure in both languages.Part B - Reading ComprehensionThis section comprised multiple reading passages with accompanying questions. The passages varied in terms of content and complexity, with topics ranging from literature, science, current affairs, and social issues. Thequestions tested candidates' ability to comprehend the main ideas, infer meaning from context, and identify specific information from the readings.Question Types and Difficulty LevelThe 2005 English exam included various question types to evaluate candidates' language skills and comprehension abilities, such as multiple-choice, true/false, and short answer questions. The difficulty level of the questions ranged from intermediate to advanced, challenging the candidates' knowledge of vocabulary, grammar, and reading strategies.Analysis and TipsPerformance in the Translation section heavily relied on a candidate's understanding of both the Chinese and English languages. It emphasized the importance of mastering grammar rules, idiomatic expressions, and sentence structures in both languages. To excel in this section, candidates should strive to enhance their translation abilities through consistent practice and exposure to authentic Chinese and English texts.The Reading Comprehension section required candidates to possess strong reading skills, including skimming, scanning, and in-depth reading. A key tip to improve performance in this section is to practice reading extensively and diversely. Candidates should read a variety of English articles, newspapers, and literature to familiarize themselves with different writing styles and develop a broad vocabulary.ConclusionThe 2005 PGEE English exam presented challenges in translation and reading comprehension. It emphasized the importance of languageproficiency and reading skills for postgraduate study. Candidates should focus on improving their language abilities, expanding their vocabulary, and enhancing their reading strategies to achieve success in similar exams. Remember, consistent practice and exposure to authentic English texts are the keys to success in the English section of the PGEE.。
2005英语专八翻译真题及参考答案
2005英语专八翻译真题及参考答案PART V TRANSLATION （60 MIN）SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难；但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。
古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。
我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。
答案解析：汉译英：How significant is a person s life? Is there any standard to measure it? It will be very difficult to put forward an absolute standard, but in general, the significance of one s existence can be estimated by how he treats his life, by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he chooses to live. From ancient times up to now, all the accomplished people treat their lives very seriously. They work and, learn as much as possible. They hate to spend the best of their lives in vain, they do not want to let their time slip by. All the laboring people, great statesmen and thinkers of our country at all ages treasure their time in this way.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE Translate the following underlined part of the text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE. It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and a ccomplice. If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess, from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.英译汉：然而几乎没有什么人会从书中提问：书能给我们什么。
2005考研英语真题详解
2005考研英语真题详解2005考研英语真题详解2005年的考研英语真题是很多考生备考过程中经常研究的一份试卷。
本文将对这份试卷进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解和掌握英语考试的要点和技巧。
第一部分：阅读理解这部分共有三篇文章，每篇文章后面有5个问题。
文章内容涉及科技、文化、教育等多个领域，考察考生的阅读理解能力和对不同主题的理解。
第一篇文章是关于科技创新的。
文章介绍了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）的一项研究，该研究旨在探索科技创新对经济增长的影响。
问题主要围绕研究的目的、方法和结果展开，考生需要仔细阅读文章并理解其中的关键信息。
第二篇文章是关于文化差异的。
文章讲述了一个跨文化交流的案例，强调了文化差异对沟通和合作的影响。
问题主要涉及案例中的挑战和解决方案，考生需要通过阅读理解文章中的细节和逻辑关系，找到正确的答案。
第三篇文章是关于教育改革的。
文章讨论了英国高等教育体系的变革，并对其影响进行了分析。
问题主要针对变革的原因、目标和影响进行提问，考生需要通过阅读文章理解作者的观点和论证。
第二部分：完形填空这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有10个空格需要填写正确的单词。
文章内容涵盖了社会问题、人际关系等多个方面，考察考生的词汇理解和语境推测能力。
第一篇短文是关于社会责任的。
短文描述了一个社会活动家的经历，强调了每个人都应该承担起社会责任。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第二篇短文是关于人际关系的。
短文讲述了一个人在工作中遇到的困难和挑战，以及他通过与同事合作解决问题的经验。
考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和词汇的语义，填写合适的单词，使整个短文通顺和连贯。
第三部分：概括大意和完成句子这部分共有两篇短文，每篇短文后面有5个问题。
文章内容涵盖了科技、环境、教育等多个领域，考察考生的理解和概括能力。
第一篇短文是关于科技创新的。
短文介绍了一项新的科技创新，强调了其对环境和能源的积极影响。
2005年英语专八试卷真题及答 案
PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. Theworkers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling. Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示：原文同2003年专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought aboutby future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.c. The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a language.d. Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.39. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human language?A. Arbitrariness. 任意性B. Productivity. 丰富性C. Cultural transmission. 文化传播性D. Finiteness. 局限性？注：design feature: features that define our human languages, such as arbitrariness, duality, creativity, displacement, cultural transmission, etc.40. The speech act theory was first put forward byA. John Searle.B. John Austin. √C. Noam Chomsky.D. M.A.K. Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin (March 28, 1911 - February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language, who developed much of the current theory of speech acts. He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College, Oxford. After serving in MI6 during World War II, Austin became White's Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in the British philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order to elucidate meaning.11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. D 16.B 17. D 18 A 19 A20. C 21. A 22.D 23.B24.A25. C 26. B 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D。
2005英语专八听力真题
EST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005) -GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You willhear the lecture ONCE ONL Y. While listening, takenotes on the important points. Your notes will not bem arked, but you will need them to complete agap-filling task after the mini-lect ure. When thelecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your no tes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWERSH EET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. —choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:—to gather (4) ___________—to quote—to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.—to interpret—to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topic Question No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilit ies.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now li sten to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from theirchildren.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news it em, you will begiven 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the ne ws.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a5 per cent fall inexports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSection A, Mini-LectureI think as seniors, you are often required by yourinstructors to do some librar y research on this topicor that. And, in the end, you have to write aresearch p aper, right? Then what is writing aresearch paper like? How are we going to w rite one?What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the p oints we need to take careof? In today’s lecture, I’ll try to answer these questi ons.First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing i t to an ordinaryessay, a form of writing you are very familiar with. Writing a r esearch paper is much like writingan essay. Both kinds of writing involve ma ny of the same basic steps. That is, choosing atopic, asking questions to defi ne and develop the topic, identifying the audience, getting rawmaterial to wor k with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it. These are the st epsshared between research paper writing and essay writing.Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper diffe rent is that muchof your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources: mainly booksand periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, isvery much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong toeither type. It may be a survey of facts and opinions availabl e on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinio ns to prove a point. Your instructor maytell you which kind of paper you are e xpected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surv eying and arguing. You will then have a definite way of managing yoursource s.Now, let’s take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research p aper or an argumentative research paper. In a survey-type research paper, you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic. You make little at tempt to interpret or evaluate whatyour sources say or to prove a particul ar point. Instead, through quotation, summary, and paraphrase, you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions to give an objecti ve report on your topic. You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions,but you don’t side definitely with any one of them.While in an argumentative research paper, you do considerably more. You d o not simply quote, paraphrase, and summarize as you do in a survey-typ e paper. You interpret,question, compare, and judge the statements you cite . You explain why one opinion is soundand another is not; why one fact is rel evant and another is not; why one writer is correct andanother is mistaken. What’s more, your purpose may vary with your topic. You may try toexplain a situation to recommend a course of action, to reveal the solution to a pro blem, orto present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical ev ent or a work of art. Butwhether the topic is space travel or trends in contem porary American literature, an argumentative research paper deals actively – I say it again, actively – with the statements itcites. It makes these stateme nts work together in an argument that you create, that is, to anargument lea ding to a conclusion of your own.In the next part of the lecture, I’d like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing Imentioned earlier in the lecture. That is how to choose a topic. Choos ing a topic for a researchpaper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay, but there are somedifferences. As you think about your topic, as k yourself these questions:Question number one: Do you really want to know more about this topic? This is the initial question you have to ask yourself, because research on any subj ect will keep you busy forweeks. You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in.You do it well only if you expect to lea rn something interesting or important in the process.Question number tw Are you likely to find many sources of information on this topic? Youcannot write a research paper without consulting a variety of sour ces. If only one source ornone at all is readily available, you should rethink your topic or choose another.Question number three: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Be reasonable and realistic about what you can do in a short period, say, tw o to four weeks. If your topic is“The American Revolution”,you’ll scarcely hav e time to make a list of books on your subject, letalone read and analyze the m. So try to find something specific, such as “The Role of ThomasJefferson i n the American Revolution” or “The Franco-American Alliance”Question number four: What questions can you ask about the topic itself? Qu estions help youget the topic down to a manageable size, discover its possibi lities, and find the goal of yourresearch, that is, the specific problem you wa nt to investigate. Suppose you want to writeabout the issue of financing a college education – A topic not only current, but also directlylinked to the liv es of most college students and their families. You could ask at least two orthr ee pointed questions: How much does educational opportunity depend on fin ancial status?Is financial aid going to the students who need it most? How m uch should universities andcolleges charge their students? You can ask yourse lf these questions or more as you start workon the research paper.Okay. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at some of the issues in res earch paperwriting, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to c hoose a topic. In our nextlecture, we’ll concentrate on how to identify the a udience, how to work out an outline, andhow to edit the draft.Section B, InterviewM: Today, we’ve Professor McKay on our morning talk show. Good morning, Professor McKay.W: Good morning.M: I’ve heard that you and your team have just completed a report on old ag e.W: T hat’s right.M: Could you tell me what your report is about?W: Well, the report basically looks into the various beliefs that people hold ab out old age andtries to verify them.M: And what do you think your report can achieve?W: We hope that it will somehow help people to change their feelings about ol d age. Theproblem is that far too many of us believe that most old people are poor, lonely, and unhappy.As a result, we tend to find old people, as a grou p, unattractive. And this is very dangerousfor our society.M: But surely we cannot escape the fact that many old people are lonely and many are sick.W: No, we can’t. But we must also remember that the proportion of such pe ople is no greateramong the 60-70 age group than among the 50-60 age gro up.M: In other words, there is no more mental illness, for example, among the 60s-70s thanamong the 50s-60s.W: Right! And why should there be? Why should we expect people to suddenl y change whenthey reach their 60th or 60th birthday any more than they did when they reached their 21st?M: But one would expect there to be more physical illness among old people, surely.W: Why should one expect this? After all, those people who reach the age of 65 or 70 are thestrong among us. The weak die mainly in childhood, then in t heir 40s and 50s. Furthermore, bythe time people reach 60 or 65, they have l earned how to look after themselves. They keepwarm, sleep regular hours, an d eat sensibly. Of course, some old people do suffer fromphysical illnesses, b ut these do not suddenly develop on their 65th birthday. People who arehealthy in middle age tend to be healthy in old age, just as one would expect.M: Do you find that young people these days are not as concerned about the ir parents astheir parents were about theirs?W: We have found nothing that suggests that family feeling is either dying or dead. There donot appear to be large numbers of young people who are tryin g, for example, to have their dearold mother locked up in a mental hospital.M: Don’t many more parents live apart from their married children then used to be the case?W: True, but this is because many more young families can afford to own thei r own homesthese days than ever before. In other words, parents and their m arried children usually live in separate households because they prefer it that way, not because the children refuse to havemum and dad living with them.M: Is this a good thing, do you think?W: I think that it’s an excellent arrangement. We all like to keep part of our l ives private, evenfrom those we love dearly. I certainly don’t think that it’s a s ign of the increased loneliness ofold age.M: Are people’s mental abilities affected by old age?W: Certain changes do take place as we grow older, but this happens through out life. Thesechanges are very gradual and happen at different times with dif ferent people, but, in general, ifyou know a person well in his middle age and have seen how he deals with events andproblems, you will easily recognize him in old age.M: So that someone who enjoys new experiences, travel, education, and so o n in his middleyears will usually continue to do so into old age?W: Exactly. We have carried out some very interesting experiments in which a group of peopleaged 60-70 and a group aged 30-40 had to learn the same th ings. The first thing wediscovered was that the young group tends to be quick er at learning than the old group.However, although the old group took longer to learn, eventually, they performed as well asthe young group. And when we tested the two groups several weeks later, there was again nodifference b etween the two groups.M: That’s very interesting indeed. What else did your experiments show?W: Well, one group of old people agreed to attend evening classes for a year t o study Englishand mathematics. In fact, most of this group became so intere sted in their studies that theycontinued them for another year. Anyway, we di scovered that they did best in the Englishclasses and that most of them steadi ly improved their ability to communicate in both thewritten and the spoken l anguage.M: What about the group who studied mathematics?W: Well, that’s a different story. There seems to be no doubt that people find maths moredifficult as they grow older. Though, why this is so, I cannot say.M: Perhaps pocket calculators will solve this problem.W: I think you’re right. In fact, I’m sure that you are.M: Okay. Time for a commercial. Stay tuned; we’ll be right back.Section C: News ItemsQuestion 6M: Scientists in Brazil claim they’ve come up with a new way of treating burn s. That is, withfrog skin. Researchers say it is cheap and effective. The frog s kin has components that diminish the growth of bacteria, making the wound heal faster and reducing the amount oftime that patient has to stay in hospit al. Researchers said the method had already beensuccessfully used in some h ospitals in Brazil.Question 7W: Once a source of high-pitched business activity, Japan’s karaoke industry has slowed down.Japanese have less to sing about amid sustained economic problems. Karaoke firms are now striving to develop new ideas to attract cos t-conscious karaoke singers. These include a new,high-tech machine that all ows people to sing like famous singers and theme rooms on some ofthe Asia n cartoon figures targeted at younger crowds. The new karaoke machine is b eingdeveloped by a professor from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technolo gy. The machineuses a technology called C-Sound that automatically adjuststhe speed and tone of any songbeing played to match the tempo and key th e singer is using. The tempo can be adjusted manually on conventional kar aoke machines, but the new product is the first machine to do it automaticall y.Question 8M: The China Internet Network Information Center said this week that the nat ion’s online community is expanding at a rapid pace, with 8.9 million users added in the first half of theyear, from January to June. China’s Internet popu lation hit 68 million by the end of June, theworld’s second-largest figure afte r the United States. The figure was 10 million at the end of2000 and 1.5 milli on in 1997.“Cyberspace is a force to be reckoned with in China,” said ChenHua Lin, a sen ior Internet analyst at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Netizens between th eages of 18 and 30 are the driving force. They spend 13 hours every week su rfing the Internet,on average. Their major purpose is obtaining information or having fun. At the same time, only0.2 percent listed online shopping, e-busin ess, and online learning as their main activity. As thenumber of China’s Intern et users grows, so does the junk mail. 8.3 e-mails out of 16参考答案:PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTURE1. basic steps2. raw materials3. head4. facts5. explain6. objective7. purpose8. ask questions9. a manageable size 10. the topic itselfSECTION B INTERVIEW1. C2. A3. D4. B5. DSECTION C NEWS BROADCAST6. B7. D8. A9. C 10.。
2005_专八真题_附带答案解析
2005年英语专业八级考试试题原题及参考答案2005年03月06日TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2005)-GRADE EIGHTPARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION(30MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear amini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY.While listening,take notes on the important points.Yournotes will not be marked,but you will need them to complete agap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over,youwill be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutesto complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET e the blanksheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI.Research Papers and Ordinary Essay A.Similarity in(1)__________:e.g.—choosing a topic—asking questions—identifying the audienceB.Difference mainly in terms of(2)___________1.research papers:printed sources2.ordinary essay:ideas in one's(3) ___________II.Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA.Number of basic types:twoB.Characteristics:1.survey-type paper:—to gather(4)___________—to quote—to(5)_____________—to question,etc.b.(7)_________varies with the topic, e.g.—to recommend an action,etc.324III.How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic,it is important to (8)__________.Question No.1:your familiarity with the topicQuestion No.2:Availability of relevant information on the chosentopicQuestion No.3:Narrowing the topic down to(9)_________Question No.4:Asking questions about (10)___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover itspossibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions1to5are based on an interview. At the end of the interviewyou will be given10seconds to answer each of the following fivequestions.Now listen to the interview.1.What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A.To look into the mental health of old people.B.To explain why people have negative views on old age.C.To help correct some false beliefsProfessor McKay's view?A.People change in old age a lot more than at the age of21.B.There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C.We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D.We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3.According to Professor McKay's report,A.family love is gradually disappearing.B.it is hard to comment on family feeling.C.more children are indifferent to their parents.D.family love remains as strong as ever.4.Professor McKay is________towards the tendency of more parents325living apart from their children.A.negativeB.positiveC.ambiguousD.neutral5.The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provideevidence against isA.old-age sickness.B.loose family ties.C.poor mental abilities.D.difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefullyand then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer toeach question on your coloured answer sheet.news.6.Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA.eliminate bacteria.B.treat burns.C.Speed up recovery.D.reduce treatment cost.Question7is based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to thenews.7.What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A.It is featured by high technology.B.It allows you to imitate famous singers.C.It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D.It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question8is based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given10seconds to answer the question.Now listen to thenews.3268.China's Internet users had reached _________by the end of June.A.68millionB.8.9millionC.10millionD. 1.5millionQuestion9and10are based on the following news.At the end of thenews item,you will be given20seconds to answer the question.Nowlisten to the news.9.According to the WTO,Chinese exports rose_________last year.10.According to the news,which trading nation in the top10hasreported a5per cent fall in exports?A.The UK.B.The US.C.Japan.D.Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION(30MIN) TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart.I had managedto sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow.It was that strangehour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward inthe twilight.I marched among thousands of tired men and women whomthe factory whistles had unyoked.They flowed in rivers through theclothing factory districts,then down along the avenues to the EastSide.I met my father near Cooper Union.I recognized him,a hunched,frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart.He looked so lonely,the tears came to my eyes.Then he saw me,and his face lit with hissad,beautiful smile-Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch,it's Mikey,"he said."So you have sold your papers!Come and327eat a banana."He offered me one.I refused it.I felt it crucial that my father sellhis bananas,not give them away.He thought I was shy,and coaxed andjoked with me,and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and"What can I do?No one seems to want them."It was true.The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements.The rusty sky darkened over New York building,the tall street lampswere lit,innumerable trucks,street cars and elevated trains clattered by.Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father'sbananas."I ought to yell,"said my father dolefully."I ought to make a bignoise like other peddlers,but it makes my throat sore.Anyway,I'mashamed of yelling,it makes me feel like a fool."I had eaten one of his bananas.My sick conscience told me that I oughtto pay for it somehow.I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you,pop,"I volunteered. "Arch,no,"he said,"go home;you have worked enough today.Just tellmomma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled.My father, standing by,spoke occasional wordsof praise,and said I was a wonderful yeller.Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly;a defeated army wrappedin dreams of home.Elevated trains crashed;the Cooper Union clockburned above us;the sky grew black,the wind poured,the slush burnedthrough our shoes.There were thousands of strange,silent figurespouring over the sidewalks in snow.None of them stopped to buy bananas.I yelled and yelled,nobody listened.today!Let's go home."I was frantic,and almost in tears.I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells.But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11."unyoked"in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA.sent outB.releasedC.dispatched328D.removed12.Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicatedcrowds of people?A.Thousands ofB.FlowedC.PouringD.Unyoked13.Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A.Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B.Weather conditions and street lamps.C.Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D.Moving crowds and street traffic.14.Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe thecharacter of the son?passionateB.ResponsibleC.ShyD.Determined15.What is the theme of the story?A.The misery of the factory workers.B.How to survive in a harsh environment.C.Generation gap between the father and the son.D.Love between the father and the son.C.AppreciativeD.Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan.29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance作者AN K.SMITH, M.D.329When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeksago,he joined a group of more than 350,000elderly Americans whofracture their hips each year.At89and suffering from advancedAlzheimer's disease,Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups forthis type of accident.The incidence of hip fractures not only increasesafter age50but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases.Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hipfractures;weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously.But fallingis the major cause,representing90%of all hip fractures.These......17.The following are all specific measures to guard against injurieswith the EXCEPTION ofA.removal of throw rugs.B.easy access to devicesC.installation of grab barsD.re-arrangement of furniture18.In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A.The third paragraphB.The first paragraphC.The last paragraphfracturesB.emphasize the importance of health precautionsC.discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D.identify the causes of hip fractures. TEXT C提示：原文同2003年专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel,"The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has hishero,a land developer,take his cousin on a tour of the city he isbuilding.He describes the broad streets, rows of houses,a teemingmetropolis.But his cousin looks around bewildered.All she sees isa forest."Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to330show me?"she asks.He's astonished she can't see them."Where!Everywhere,"he replies.For though they are not yet built on earth,he has built them in his mind,and they as concrete to him as if theywere already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait,future-mindedness:the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future;the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionallyattached to things to come.As Albert Einstein once said,"Life forthe American is always becoming,never being."......20.The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the_________perspective.21.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT broughtabout by future-mindedness?A.Economic stagnationB.Environmental destructionC.High divorce ratesD.Neglect of history22.The word"pooh-pooh"in the sixth paragraph meansA.appreciateB.praiseC.shunD.ridicule23.According to the passage,people at present can forecast________of a new round of future-mindedness.A.the natureB.the locationC.the varietyD.the features24.The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of331future-mindedness will focus onA.how it comes into beingB.how it functionsC.what it brings aboutD.what it is related to.TEXT D25.The phrase"men's sureness of their sex role"in the first paragraph suggests that theyA.are confident in their ability to charm women.B.take the initiative in courtship.C.have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D.tend to be more immoral than women are.26.The third paragraph does NOT claim that menC.doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D.forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27.The third paragraphA.generally agrees with the first paragraphB.has no connection with the first paragraphC.repeats the argument of the second paragraphD.contradicts the last paragraph28.At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorousexaggeration in order toA.show that men are stronger than womenB.carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC.support the first sentence of the same paragraphD.disown the ideas he is expressing29.The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA.is based on the study of archaeologyB.illustrates how people expect men to behaveC.is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD.proves that the man,not woman,should be the wooer33230.The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationshipbetween man and woman which the authorA.approves ofB.argues is naturalpletely rejectsD.expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE(10MIN) 31.______is the capital city of Canada.32.U.S.presidents normally serves a(an) _________term.A.two-yearB.four-year√C.six-yearD.eight-year33.Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast,U.S.?A.Huston.√B.Boston.C.Baltimore.D.Philadelphia.34.________is the state church in England.A.The Roman Catholic Church.B.The Baptist ChurchC.The Protestant ChurchD.The Church of England√注：The Church of England is theofficially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwideAnglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.33335.The novel Emma is written byA.Mary Shelley.B.Charlotte Bront?.C.Elizabeth C.Gaskell.D.Jane Austen.√36.Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A.William Wordsworth.B.George Elliot.√C.George G.Byron.D.Percy B.Shelley.37.William Sidney Porter,known as O. Henry,is most famous forA.his poems.Sydney Porter(September11,1862-June5,1910),He was famous for his short stories and a masterof the surprise ending,O.Henry isremembered best for such enduring favorites as"The Gift of the Magi"and "The Ransom of Red Chief."The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basisof their universal appeal.38.Syntax is the study ofnguage functions.B.sentence structures.√C.textual organization.D.word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentencestructure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b.A publication,such as a book,that presents such rules.c.The pattern of formation of sentencesor phrases in a language.d.Such a pattern in a particular sentence or discourse.33439.Which of the following is NOT adistinctive feature of humanlanguage?A.Arbitrariness.任意性B.Productivity.丰富性C.Cultural transmission.文化传播性D.Finiteness.局限性？注：design feature:features that definetransmission,etc.相关内容请点击查看：胡___________壮麟《语言学教程》课后答案40.The speech act theory was first put forward byA.John Searle.B.John Austin.√C.Noam Chomsky.D.M.A.K.Halliday.注：John Langshaw Austin(March28,1911-February8,1960)was aphilosopher of language,who developed much of the current theory ofspeech acts.He was born in Lancaster and educated at Balliol College,Oxford.After serving in MI6during World War II,Austin became White'sProfessor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford. He occupies a place in theBritish philosophy of language alongside Wittgenstein in staunchly advocating the examination of the way words are used in order toelucidate meaning.PART V TRANSLATION（60MIN）提示：今年专八翻译部分的选材均出自《散文佳作108篇(汉英·英汉对照)》作者：乔萍翟淑蓉宋洪玮，建议大家熟读此书。
2005年英语专八试卷真题及答案
2005年英语专八试卷真题及答案Part 1, Listening ComprehensionSection A, Mini-LectureI think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that. And, in the end, you have to write a research paper, right? Then what is writing a research paper like? How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of? In today's lecture, I'll try to answer these questions.First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay, a form of writing you are very familiar with. Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay. Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps. That is, choosing a topic, asking questions to define and develop the topic, identifying the audience, getting raw material to work with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it. These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing.Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources: mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong to either type. It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point. Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing. You will then have a definite way of managing your sources.Now, let's take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research paper or an argumentative research paper. In a survey-type research paper, you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic. You make little attempt to interpret or evaluate what your sources say or to prove a particular point. Instead, through quotation, summary, and paraphrase, you try to providea representative sampling of facts and opinions to give an objective report on your topic. You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions, but you don't side definitely with any one of them.While in an argumentative research paper, you do considerably more. You do not simply quote, paraphrase, and summarize as you do in a survey-type paper. You interpret, question, compare, and judge the statements you cite. You explain why one opinion is sound and another is not; why one fact is relevant and another is not; why one writer is correct and another is mistaken. What's more, your purpose may vary with your topic. You may try to explain a situation to recommend a course of action, to reveal the solution to a problem, or to present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical event or a work of art. But whether the topic is space travel or trends in contemporary American literature, an argumentative research paper deals actively - I say it again, actively - with the statements it cites. It makes these statements work together in an argument that you create, that is, to an argument leading to a conclusion of your own.In the next part of the lecture, I'd like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing I mentioned earlier in the lecture. That is how to choose a topic. Choosing a topic for a research paper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay, but there are some differences. As you think about your topic, ask yourself these questions:Question number one: Do you really want to know more about this topic? This is the initial question you have to ask yourself, because research on any subject will keep you busy for weeks. You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in. You do it well only if you expect to learn something interesting or important in the process.Question number tw Are you likely to find many sources of information on this topic? You cannot write a research paper without consulting a variety of sources. If only one source or none at all is readily available, you should rethink your topic or choose another.Question number three: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Be reasonable and realistic about what you can do in a short period, say, two to four weeks. If your topic is "The American Revolution", you'll scarcely have time to make a list of books on your subject, let aloneread and analyze them. So try to find something specific, such as "The Role of Thomas Jefferson in the American Revolution" or "The Franco-American Alliance"Question number four: What questions can you ask about the topic itself? Questions help you get the topic down to a manageable size, discover its possibilities, and find the goal of your research, that is, the specific problem you want to investigate. Suppose you want to write about the issue of financing a college education - A topic not only current, but also directly linked to the lives of most college students and their families. You could ask at least two or three pointed questions: How much does educational opportunity depend on financial status? Is financial aid going to the students who need it most? How much should universities and colleges charge their students? You can ask yourself these questions or more as you start work on the research paper.Okay. To sum up, in today's lecture, we've looked at some of the issues in research paper writing, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to choose a topic. In our next lecture, we'll concentrate on how to identify the audience, how to work out an outline, and how to edit the draft.Section B, InterviewM: Today, we've Professor McKay on our morning talk show. Good morning, Professor McKay.W: Good morning.M: I've heard that you and your team have just completed a report on old age.W: That's right.M: Could you tell me what your report is about?W: Well, the report basically looks into the various beliefs that people hold about old age and tries to verify them.M: And what do you think your report can achieve?W: We hope that it will somehow help people to change their feelings about old age. The problem is that far too many of us believe that most old people are poor, lonely, and unhappy. As a result, we tend to find old people, as a group, unattractive. And this is very dangerous for our society.M: But surely we cannot escape the fact that many old people are lonely and many are sick.W: No, we can't. But we must also remember that the proportion of such people is no greater among the 60-70 age group than among the 50-60 age group.M: In other words, there is no more mental illness, for example, among the 60s-70s than among the 50s-60s.W: Right! And why should there be? Why should we expect people to suddenly change when they reach their 60th or 60th birthday any more than they did when they reached their 21st?M: But one would expect there to be more physical illness among old people, surely.W: Why should one expect this? After all, those people who reach the age of 65 or 70 are the strong among us. The weak die mainly in childhood, then in their 40s and 50s. Furthermore, by the time people reach 60 or 65, they have learned how to look after themselves. They keep warm, sleep regular hours, and eat sensibly. Of course, some old people do suffer from physical illnesses, but these do not suddenly develop on their 65th birthday. People who are healthy in middle age tend to be healthy in old age, just as one would expect.M: Do you find that young people these days are not as concerned about their parents as their parents were about theirs?W: We have found nothing that suggests that family feeling is either dying or dead. There do not appear to be large numbers of young people who are trying, for example, to have their dear old mother locked up in a mental hospital.M: Don't many more parents live apart from their married children then used to be the case?W: True, but this is because many more young families can afford to own their own homes these days than ever before. In other words, parents and their married children usually live in separate households because they prefer it that way, not because the children refuse to have mum and dad living with them.M: Is this a good thing, do you think?W: I think that it's an excellent arrangement. We all like to keep part of our lives private, even from those we love dearly. I certainly don't think that it's a sign of the increased loneliness of old age.M: Are people's mental abilities affected by old age?W: Certain changes do take place as we grow older, but this happens throughout life. These changes are very gradual and happen at different times with different people, but, in general, if you know a person well in his middle age and have seen how he deals with events and problems, you will easily recognize him in old age.M: So that someone who enjoys new experiences, travel, education, and so on in his middle years will usually continue to do so into old age?W: Exactly. We have carried out some very interesting experiments in which a group of people aged 60-70 and a group aged 30-40 had to learn the same things. The first thing we discovered was that the young group tends to be quicker at learning than the old group. However, although the old group took longer to learn, eventually, they performed as well as the young group. And when we tested the two groups several weeks later, there was again no difference between the two groups.M: That's very interesting indeed. What else did your experiments show?W: Well, one group of old people agreed to attend evening classes for a year to study English and mathematics. In fact, most of this group became so interested in their studies that they continued them for another year. Anyway, we discovered that they did best in the English classes and that most of them steadily improved their ability to communicate in both the written and the spoken language.M: What about the group who studied mathematics?W: Well, that's a different story. There seems to be no doubt that people find maths more difficult as they grow older. Though, why this is so, I cannot say.M: Perhaps pocket calculators will solve this problem.W: I think you're right. In fact, I'm sure that you are.M: Okay. Time for a commercial. Stay tuned; we'll be right back.Section C: News ItemsQuestion 6M: Scientists in Brazil claim they've come up with a new way of treating burns. That is, with frog skin. Researchers say it is cheap and effective. The frog skin has components that diminish the growth of bacteria, making the wound heal faster and reducing the amount of time that patient has to stay in hospital. Researchers said the method had already been successfully used in some hospitals in Brazil.Question 7W: Once a source of high-pitched business activity, Japan's karaoke industry has slowed down. Japanese have less to sing about amid sustained economic problems. Karaoke firms are now striving to develop new ideas to attract cost-conscious karaoke singers. These include a new,high-tech machine that allows people to sing like famous singers and theme rooms on some of the Asian cartoon figures targeted at younger crowds. The new karaoke machine is being developed by a professor from the US Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The machine uses a technology called C-Sound that automatically adjusts the speed and tone of any song being played to match the tempo and key the singer is using. The tempo can be adjusted manually on conventional karaoke machines, but the new product is the first machine to do it automatically.Question 8M: The China Internet Network Information Center said this week that the nation's online community is expanding at a rapid pace, with 8.9 million users added in the first half of the year, from January to June. China's Internet population hit 68 million by the end of June, the world's second-largest figure after the United States. The figure was 10 million at the end of 2000 and 1.5 million in 1997. "Cyberspace is a force to be reckoned with in China," said Chen Hua Lin, a senior Internet analyst at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Netizens between the ages of 18 and 30 are the driving force. They spend 13 hours every week surfing the Internet, on average. Their major purpose is obtaining information or having fun. At the same time, only 0.2 percent listed onlineshopping, e-business, and online learning as their main activity. As the number of China's Internet users grows, so does the junk mail. 8.3 e-mails out of 16.TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2005) -GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Writing a Research PaperI. Research Papers and Ordinary EssayA. Similarity in (1) __________:e.g. -choosing a topic-asking questions-identifying the audienceB. Difference mainly in terms of (2) ___________1. research papers: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3) ___________II. Types and Characteristics of Research PapersA. Number of basic types: twoB. Characteristics:1. survey-type paper:-to gather (4) ___________-to quote-to (5) _____________The writer should be (6) ___________.2. argumentative (research) paper:a. The writer should do more, e.g.-to interpret-to question, etc.b. (7) _________varies with the topic, e.g.-to recommend an action, etc.III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research PaperIn choosing a topic, it is important to (8) __________.Question No. 1: your familiarity with the topicQuestion No. 2: Availability of relevant information on the chosen topicQuestion No. 3: Narrowing the topic down to (9) _________Question No. 4: Asking questions about (10) ___________The questions help us to work out way into the topic and discover its possibilities.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. What is the purpose of Professor McKay's report?A. To look into the mental health of old people.B. To explain why people have negative views on old age.C. To help correct some false beliefs about old age.D. To identify the various problems of old age2. Which of the following is NOT Professor McKay's view?A. People change in old age a lot more than at the age of 21.B. There are as many sick people in old age as in middle age.C. We should not expect more physical illness among old people.D. We should not expect to find old people unattractive as a group.3. According to Professor McKay's report,A. family love is gradually disappearing.B. it is hard to comment on family feeling.C. more children are indifferent to their parents.D. family love remains as strong as ever.4. Professor McKay is ________ towards the tendency of more parents living apart from their children.A. negativeB. positiveC. ambiguousD. neutral5. The only popular belief that Professor McKay is unable to provide evidence against isA. old-age sickness.B. loose family ties.C. poor mental abilities.D. difficulities in maths.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. Scientists in Brazil have used frog skin toA. eliminate bacteria.B. treat burns.C. Speed up recovery.D. reduce treatment cost.Question 7 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.7. What is NOT a feature of the new karaoke machine?A. It is featured by high technology.B. It allows you to imitate famous singers.C. It can automatically alter the tempo and tone of a song.D. It can be placed in specially designed theme rooms.Question 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8. China's Internet users had reached _________ by the end of June.A. 68 millionB. 8.9 millionC. 10 millionD. 1.5 millionQuestion 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.9. According to the WTO, Chinese exports rose _________ last year.A. 21%B. 10%C. 22%D. 4.7310. According to the news, which trading nation in the top 10 has reported a 5 per cent fall in exports?A. The UK.B. The US.C. Japan.D. Germany.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AI remember meeting him one evening with his pushcart. I had managed to sell all my papers and was coming home in the snow. It was that strange hour in downtown New York when the workers were pouring homeward in the twilight. I marched among thousands of tired men and women whom the factory whistles had unyoked. They flowed in rivers through the clothing factory districts, then down along the avenues to the East Side.I met my father near Cooper Union. I recognized him, a hunched, frozen figure in an old overcoat standing by a banana cart. He looked so lonely, the tears came to my eyes. Then he saw me, and his face lit with his sad, beautiful smile -Charlie Chaplin's smile."Arch, it's Mikey," he said. "So you have sold your papers! Come and eat a banana."He offered me one. I refused it. I felt it crucial that my father sell his bananas, not give them away. He thought I was shy, and coaxed and joked with me, and made me eat the banana. It smelled of wet straw and snow."You haven't sold many bananas today, pop," I said anxiously.He shrugged his shoulders."What can I do? No one seems to want them."It was true. The work crowds pushed home morosely over the pavements. The rusty sky darkened over New York building, the tall street lamps were lit, innumerable trucks, street cars and elevated trains clattered by. Nobody and nothing in the great city stopped for my father's bananas."I ought to yell," said my father dolefully. "I ought to make a big noise like other peddlers, but it makes my throat sore. Anyway, I'm ashamed of yelling, it makes me feel like a fool. "I had eaten one of his bananas. My sick conscience told me that I ought to pay for it somehow. I must remain here and help my father."I'll yell for you, pop," I volunteered."Arch, no," he said, "go home; you have worked enough today. Just tell momma I'll be late."But I yelled and yelled. My father, standing by, spoke occasional words of praise, and said I was a wonderful yeller. Nobody else paid attention. The workers drifted past us wearily, endlessly; a defeated army wrapped in dreams of home. Elevated trains crashed; the Cooper Union clock burned above us; the sky grew black, the wind poured, the slush burned through our shoes. There were thousands of strange, silent figures pouring over the sidewalks in snow. None of them stopped to buy bananas. I yelled and yelled, nobody listened.My father tried to stop me at last. "Nu," he said smiling to console me, "that was wonderful yelling.Mikey. But it's plain we are unlucky today! Let's go home."I was frantic, and almost in tears. I insisted on keeping up my desperate yells. But at last my father persuaded me to leave with him.11. "unyoked" in the first paragraph is closest in meaning toA. sent outB. releasedC. dispatchedD. removed12. Which of the following in the first paragraph does NOT indicated crowds of people?A.Thousands ofB. FlowedC. PouringD. Unyoked13. Which of the following is intended to be a pair of contrast in the passage?A. Huge crowds and lonely individuals.B. Weather conditions and street lamps.C. Clattering trains and peddlers' yells.D. Moving crowds and street traffic.14. Which of the following words is NOT suitable to describe the character of the son?A. CompassionateB. ResponsibleC. ShyD. Determined15. What is the theme of the story?A. The misery of the factory workers.B. How to survive in a harsh environment.C. Generation gap between the father and the son.D. Love between the father and the son.16. What is the author's attitude towards the father and the son?A. IndifferentB. SympatheticC. AppreciativeD. Difficult to tellTEXT B提示：原文出自美国时代杂志（TIME）日期Jan. 29, 2001文章标题No Fall Insurance 作者AN K. SMITH, M.D.When former President Ronald Reagan fell and broke his hip two weeks ago, he joined a group of more than 350,000 elderly Americans who fracture their hips each year. At 89 and suffering from advanced Alzheimer's disease, Reagan is in one of the highest-risk groups for this type of accident. The incidence of hip fractures not only increases after age 50 but doubles every five to six years as the risk of falling increases. Slipping and tumbling are not the only causes of hip fractures; weakened bones sometimes break spontaneously. But falling is the major cause, representing 90% of all hip fractures. These... ...17. The following are all specific measures to guard against injuries with the EXCEPTION ofA. removal of throw rugs.B. easy access to devicesC. installation of grab barsD. re-arrangement of furniture18. In which paragraph does the author state his purpose of writing?A. The third paragraphB. The first paragraphC. The last paragraphD. The last but one paragraph19. The main purpose of the passage is toA. offer advice on how to prevent hip fracturesB. emphasize the importance of health precautionsC. discuss the seriousness of hip fractures.D. identify the causes of hip fractures.TEXT C提示：原文同2003年专八英译汉翻译试题相同In his classic novel, "The Pioneers", James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets, rows of houses, a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks around bewildered. All she sees is a forest. "Where are the beauties and improvements which you were to show me?" she asks. He's astonished she can't see them. "Where! Everywhere," he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth, he has built them in his mind, and they as concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished.Cooper was illustrating a distinctly American trait, future-mindedness: the ability to see the present from the vantage point of the future; the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things to come. As Albert Einstein once said, "Life for the American is always becoming, never being."... ...20. The third paragraph examines America's future-mindedness from the _________ perspective.A. futureB. realisticC. historicalD. present21. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT brought about by future-mindedness?A. Economic stagnationB. Environmental destructionC. High divorce ratesD. Neglect of history22. The word "pooh-pooh" in the sixth paragraph meansA. appreciateB. praiseC. shunD. ridicule23. According to the passage, people at present can forecast ________ of a new round of future-mindedness.A. the natureB. the locationC. the varietyD. the features24. The author predicts in the last paragraph that the study of future-mindedness will focus onA. how it comes into beingB. how it functionsC. what it brings aboutD. what it is related to.TEXT D25. The phrase "men's sureness of their sex role" in the first paragraph suggests that theyA. are confident in their ability to charm women.B. take the initiative in courtship.C. have a clear idea of what is considered "manly".D. tend to be more immoral than women are.26. The third paragraph does NOT claim that menA. prevent women from taking up certain professions.B. secretly admire women's intellect and resolution.C. doubt whether women really mean to succeed in business.D. forbid women to join certain clubs and societies.27. The third paragraphA. generally agrees with the first paragraphB. has no connection with the first paragraphC. repeats the argument of the second paragraphD. contradicts the last paragraph28. At the end of the last paragraph the author uses humorous exaggeration in order toA. show that men are stronger than womenB. carry further the ideas of the earliest paragraphsC. support the first sentence of the same paragraphD. disown the ideas he is expressing29. The usual idea of the cave man in the last paragraphA. is based on the study of archaeologyB. illustrates how people expect men to behaveC. is dismissed by the author as an irrelevant jokeD. proves that the man, not woman, should be the wooer30. The opening quotation from Margaret Mead sums up a relationship between man and woman which the authorA. approves ofB. argues is naturalC. completely rejectsD. expects to go on changingPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. ______ is the capital city of Canada.A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. York32. U.S. presidents normally serves a (an) _________term.A. two-yearB. four-yearC. six-yearD. eight-year33. Which of the following cities is NOT located in the Northeast, U.S.?A. Huston.B. Boston.C. Baltimore.D. Philadelphia.34. ________ is the state church in England.A. The Roman Catholic Church.B. The Baptist ChurchC. The Protestant ChurchD. The Church of England注：The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion.35. The novel Emma is written byA. Mary Shelley.B. Charlotte Brontë.C. Elizabeth C. Gaskell.D. Jane Austen.36. Which of following is NOT a romantic poet?A. William Wordsworth.B. George Elliot.C. George G. Byron.D. Percy B. Shelley.37. William Sidney Porter, known as O. Henry, is most famous forA. his poems.B. his plays.C. his short stories.D. his novels注：O. Henry was the pen name of William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862 - June 5, 1910), He was famous for his short stories and a master of the surprise ending, O. Henry is remembered best for such enduring favorites as "The Gift of the Magi" and "The Ransom of Red Chief." The combination of humor and sentiment found in his stories is the basis of their universal appeal.38. Syntax is the study ofA. language functions.B. sentence structures.C. textual organization.D. word formation.注：Definition of Syntax:a. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.b. A publication, such as a book, that presents such rules.。
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2005年英语专业八级真题及详解TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2005)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(30MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture.You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening,take notes on the important points.Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture.When the lecture is over,you will be given two minutes to check your notes,and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET e the blank sheet for note taking.Writing a Research Paper【答案与解析】(1)basic steps细节题。
录音开始提到写论文与写普通文章时涉及到的许多基本步骤是一样的(Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps），所以可直接从讲座中得出答案basic steps。
(2)raw material细节题。
录音中提到论文的不同之处在于许多原始材料并不是来自你自己的头脑之中，而是来自一些出版材料,因此主要不同在于raw material的来源不同，故答案为raw material。
(3)head细节题。
根据录音，论文的不同之处在于许多原始材料并不是来自你自己的头脑之中，言外之意即普通文章的原始材料源于“head”。
(4)facts and opinions细节题。
文中提到，对于调查性论文而言，你得收集大量的关于一个话题的事实和观点(Ina survey-type research paper,you gather facts and a variety of opinions on agiven topic.），故可知答案为facts and opinions。
(5)explain细节题。
从讲座中可知，“survey-type paper”写作有三个要求，分别是“gather facts”、“through quotation”、和“you explain”。
前两个题干中已提到，故本题答案为关于“survey-type paper”的第三个方面“explain”。
(6)objective细节题。
文中提到“you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions to give an objective report on your topic”。
因此作者对论文的报道要客观objective。
(7)Purpose细节题。
文中提到“your purpose may vary with your topic”，因此作者的目的应随话题的变化而变化，故答案为purpose，注意大写。
(8)ask some questions细节题。
讲座的第二部分论述的是写报告的其中一个步骤—选题，本题针对选题时的一些准备提问。
文中提到“As you think about your topic,ask yourself these questions”，因此决定一篇论文时应自问一些问题，演讲者并在下文具体讲述了这些问题究竟是什么。
很容易得出答案ask yourself these questions，但是题目限制最多填入三个单词，故可填入ask some questions。
(9)a manageable size细节题。
演讲者在论述选题时要怎么做时，提出要问自己的四个问题，本题针对第三个问题—将话题缩小到一个自己可以控制的范围(cut the topic down to a manageable size)—设题。
直接提取答案a manageable size。
(10)the topic itself细节题。
本题针对第四个问题设题。
第四个问题开始演讲者就指出其主要内容“What questions can you ask about the topic itself?”，就论文本身写作者可提出什么问题，故可直接得出答案the topic itself。
【听力原文】Writing a Research PaperI think as seniors,you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that.And,in the end,you have to write a research paper, right?Then what is writing a research paper like?How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of?In today’s lecture,I’ll try to answer these questions.First of all,what is writing a research paper like?We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay,a form of writing you are very familiar with.Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay.[1]Both kinds of writing involve many of thesame basic steps.That is,choosing a topic,asking questions to define and develop the topic,identifying the audience,getting raw material to work with,outlining the paper,writing it,and,finally,revising it.These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing.Is there any difference,you may ask.Yes.[2][3]What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head,but from printed sources:mainly books and periodicals in the library.Collecting raw material,that is reading books and taking notes,is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.Generally speaking,there are two basic types of research papers,and a paper may belong to either type.It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point.Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write.If not,you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing.You will then have a definite way of managing your sources.Now,let’s take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research paper or an argumentative research paper.[4]In a survey-type research paper,you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic.You make little attempt to interpret or evaluate what your sources say or to prove a particular point.Instead,through quotation,summary,and paraphrase,you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions[6]to give an objective report on your topic.[5]You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions,but you don’t side definitely withany one of them.While in an argumentative research paper,you do considerably more.You do not simply quote,paraphrase,and summarize as you do in a survey-type paper.You interpret,question,compare,and judge the statements you cite.You explain why one opinion is sound and another is not;why one fact is relevant and another is not; why one writer is correct and another is mistaken.[7]What’s more,your purpose may vary with your topic.You may try to explain a situation to recommend a course of action,to reveal the solution to a problem,or to present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical event or a work of art.But whether the topic is space travel or trends in contemporary American literature,an argumentative research paper deals actively–I say it again,actively–with the statements it cites.It makes these statements work together in an argument that you create,that is,to an argument leading to a conclusion of your own.[8]In the next part of the lecture,I’d like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing I mentioned earlier in the lecture.That is how to choose a topic.Choosing a topic for a research paper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay,but there are some differences.As you think about your topic,ask yourself these questions:Question number one:Do you really want to know more about this topic?This is the initial question you have to ask yourself,because research on any subject will keep you busy for weeks.You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in.You do it well only if you expect to learn。