高二-虚拟语气用法讲解(ppt)

十 几种特殊情况 1. 错综时间条件句
1.If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 2.If the doctor had come in time, Amy would still be alive. 3.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
与过去事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去完 成时。
(2) * suggest等 + 宾语从句。这类动词有：order, insist, demand, desire, command, propose, request等。
1)The teacher suggested that our sports meeting (should) be put off till next week.
条件句表示主句的条件,分真实条
件句 和虚拟条件句 两种。
a. 真实条件句 表示条件是真的或有可 能实现的, 采用陈述语气。 b. 虚拟条件句 表示条件是无法实现或 几乎无法实现的, 采用虚拟语气。
2016/8/9
一、用法归纳: 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法
主从 虚拟条件 成 句 从句(if …) 时态 与现 在事实 相反的 假设 构
I would rather you finished the work tomorrow.
I’d rather you had finished the work yesterday. 在would rather句型中，与过去事实相反，从句 的谓语动词用过去完成时；与现在、将来事实相 反，从句的谓语动词用过去时。
记住：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求”时，用虚拟形式，即 should do; Insist 表示“坚称，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事 实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。
注意：insist, suggest后接的宾语从句不用虚拟语 气的情况。 1)she insisted that she was right. 当insist的意思是坚持某人自己的观点时，后接的 宾语从句不能用虚拟语气。
2) The look on his face suggested that he was unhappy.
当suggest的意思是暗示、表明时，后接的宾语从 句不能用虚拟语气。
1)My suggestion is that you (should) visit the farm. 2) His idea is that the students (should) make a plan. (3）* 句中有suggestion, plan, idea, order, requirement, motion, recommendation, proposal等名词，其后的表语从句或同位语从句 中的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形。
虚拟语气用于表语从句，同位语从句中。
名词advice, order, demand, proposal, command, requirement, insistence, suggestion, request等的表语从句和同位语从句要用虚拟语气， 其谓语动词的构成是(should) +动词原形 We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should) go to Beijing for our summer vocation.
1)She talked about America as if he had been born there. 2) He sings as though he were a singer. 八、由as if或as though引导的状语从句，其谓语 动词用过去式或had + 动词的过去分词。
A an Italian. 1) He appears as though he ____ A. were B. was C. has been D. be D there yesterday. 2) It seems as if he ____ A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
Had I had time, I would have gone to see the film. =If I had had time, I would have gone to see the film. 五 在虚拟语气的条件从句中，可以省略if ，但要 把状语从句变成一般疑问句语序。 ____ C today, he would get there on Friday. A.Was he leaving C. Were he to leave B. If he leaves D. If he is leaving
2. It’s time that we had(或should have) a class. 在It’s about/high time that句型中，从句的谓语 动词用过去时或should do sth. 3.I would rather you finished the work today.
主 句 主语 + would/ should/ could/ might do
与将 来情况 相反的 假设
①If + 主语 + did ② If + 主语 +were to do ③ If + 主语 + should do
二 虚拟语气在条件从句中的应用
1）与现在事实相反 过去时 从句谓语： would, should, could, might +动词原 主句谓语： 形 If I had a lot of money I would buy a villa. If I were you, I would go there. 注意：在虚拟语气中，只能用were，不能用was.
七 有时虚拟条件从句与主句的时间不一致， 出现混合虚拟语气结构。
1)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be well. 2) If I were you I would not have gone to see the film yesterday. 在混合虚拟语气结构中，从句表示的动作与主句 表示的动作的时间不一致，这时主、从句谓语动 词的形式要根据它们发生的时间进行调整。
在 command, order , require ,demand, request, insist, propose, suggest等动词 后面的宾语从句，要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用 (should) +动词原形
We suggest that we (should) have a meeting. We insisted that they (should) go with us.
十一 If 可能被省略,从句要倒装
1.Were she in charge (= If she were in charge) , she would do things differently. 2.Had I known your address (= If I had known your address) , I would have written before. 3.Should you change your mind (= If you should change your mind), no one would blame you.
六 有时虚拟语气的条件从句不用if引导，而用but for, without, if only, otherwise等词。 1) But for your help, I couldn’t have made such great progress in English. 2) Without air, we couldn’t live. 以but for, without开头的句子，谓语动词的形式 和if的主句的一致。 3) If only the weather were fine. 以If only开头的句子，谓语动词的形式和if从句的 一致。 4) I had been there by taxi, otherwise I would have missed the train. 主、从句的谓语动词的形式都和if从句相一致。
四 与过去事实相反
从句谓语： had + 动词的过去分词
主句谓语：
would, should, could, might + have + 动词的过去分词
If he had come earlier, he would have seen her. If he had driven more carefully, he would not have had the car accident yesterday
九、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
(1）* wish + 宾语从句 1)I wish I were a doctor. 与现在事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时。 2) I wish I should go abroad next year. 与将来事实相反，宾语从句的谓语动词用should, would, could, might + 动词原形。 3) I wish I had seen the football match.
(4）* 记住下面几个句型： 1. natural/important/necessary/impossible
surprising/strange/funny/essential
It is + that requested/suggested/desired/proposed a pity/a matter of regret/a shame/no wonder 从句的谓语动词用(should) + 动词原形