2019年中考真题类汇编之语法单选精讲(精品解析)20 综合运用
(7套)2019年中考英语语法知识点按题型分类(全国通用)讲解汇总 (2)
（7套）2019年中考英语语法知识点按题型分类（全国通用）讲解汇总知识点1单项选择【题型特点】单项选择题一向是各省市中考的必考题型. 从近几年来全国各地的中考试卷分析可以看出, 单项选择题的命题范围虽然涉及语法、词汇、惯用法、句型、口语交流等诸多方面, 题目设计灵活, 涵盖面广, 但大多数题目都源于课本. 分析近几年的中考题可发现, 其命题有以下几个特点:1.注重在情景对话中考查语言知识2.题目重视语境的创设3.一题多考, 试题的综合性增强4.备选项的干扰性明显增强【方法点拨】1.排除法:读懂题意, 通过题干中的已知信息, 就可得出正确答案. 此种方法主要适用于词义辨析类的题目.例1(丽水中考)一Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.-Don't worry. I will keep the________.A. secretB. moneyC. addressD. grade【解析】由上句句意“汤米, 你不可以让其他人知道我今天告诉你的话”可推出下句句意:不要担忧, 我会保密的. 根据句意可以排除B,C,D三项, secret 意为“秘密”, 符合句意A ,所以选A.例2(山西中考)—Mum, there's something wrong with my_______ . Could you wake me up tomorrow morning?-No problem, dear.A. pencil caseB. alarm clockC. tennis racket【解析】根据Could you wake me up tomorrow morning?(你明天早展能叫醒我吗?)可知前一句说的是我的“闹钟”坏了,而不是pencil case (铅笔袋)或tennis racket(网球拍)坏了. 直接排除A,C两项. 故选B2.分析法: 理解题意, 然后全面分析, 既要分析句子, 又要对选项进行逐个分析才能得出正确答案. 此种方法主要适用于选项的变化形式较复杂的题目. .例1(遂宁中考)) I'm so hungry. Please give me______ to eat.A. three breadB. three pieces of breadC. threes of breads【解析】考查不可数名词数量的表达. 句意为:我非常饿, 请给我三片面包吃. bread为不可数名词, 不能直接用数词来修饰, 同时不可数名词没有复数形式. piece是可数名词, 有复数形式. 综合分析故选B例2(威海中考)_________ fathers can't go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A. Jack and Mike'sB. Jack's and Mike'sC. Jack and MikeD. Jack's and Mike【解析】考查名词所有格的用法. 句意:杰克和迈克的爸爸不能去开班会, 因为他们已经去做生意了. 如果表示两个人共同的父亲时只在最后一个人名上用所有格形式, 如果表示各自的父亲, 那么每一个人名都要用所有格形式. fathers用了复数, 所以, 此处指杰克和迈克各自的父亲, 故选B3.逻辑推理法:理解题意, 找出前后句的内在关系, 通过联系上下文或前后句子可得出正确答案. 此类方法主要用于一些时态或特殊用法的题目.例1(菏泽中考)-Do you like seeing a movie on your mobile phone?-No. I________ do that because it makes me uncomfortable.A. seldomB. oftenC. usuallyD. sometimes【解析】考察频度副词. 句意：“你喜欢用手机看电影吗？”“不, 我很少那样做, 因为那样让我感到不舒服. ”有前面的否定回答No, 及后面的because it makes me uncomfortable.可以推测出空格处应该表示的是从不或很少的意思. 四个选择项中只有选项A有“很少, 几乎不”的意思, 与hardly同义. 故选择A例2(绍兴中考) _____ Can Peter play games with us, Mrs. Hawking?-Wait a minute. He_______ shower .A. is takingB. takenC. tookD. was taking【解析】考察现在进行时的用法. 根据答语"Wait a minute‘可知, “洗澡’这个动作现在正在进行, 故用现在进行时is taking,选A,4.前后照应法: 解题前透彻理解, 然后联系上下文或前后句子、捕捉隐含信息, 方能准确找出答案. 此方法多用于两个以上句子的题目.例1(荆门中考)Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Ever thing__________·A.Is changedB. was changedC. had changedD. has changed【解析】考查现在完成时态. 因为前句中有Since, 所以此处要使用现在完成时态, 所以选择D例2(益阳中考)-Jim had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______?---_________. He got up too late.A.had she; YesB. hadn't he ; Yes C, did he; Yes【解析】考查反意疑问句的用法. 由nothing可知前句为否定句, 故反意疑问句的简短句用肯定形式. 本句为一般过去时, 故用助动词did. 故选C,5.交际法:此方法可用一些常用的交际用语, 联系上下文直接解题.例1(天津中考)-I hope you'll have a good journey.--_____A.Well doneB. Don't mention itC. CertainlyD. 'Thank you very much【解析】前句的意思是:我希望你旅程快乐. 根据英语说话习惯, 在别人说了祝愿或赞美的话后要回答说谢谢. 由此很容易判断出答案为D例2(重庆中考)-Do you mind if I turn on the TV?---_________. My father is sleeping.A. Better notB. Not at allC. No, I don't mindD. That's all right【解析】前句的意思是：:如果我开电视, 你介意吗?由后面的答语“My father is sleeping.”(我的父亲正在睡觉. )可知空格处应该表达不要开电视之类的意思. 结合选项可知答案为A, 6.固定搭配法:通过读懂题意, 找出题目中的固定搭配, 可得出正确答案. 此类方法主要适用于考查词汇短语类的题目.例1（连云港中考）________ after the explosion happened in a factory in Dehui, Jilin on June 3nd, a lot of firemen rushed to put out the fire.A. SadlyB. softlyC. shortlyD. suddenly【解析】考察固定搭配. Shortly after“不久以后”. 根据句意：6月3日吉林德惠一家工厂爆炸后不久, 许多消防员赶去扑灭了大火. 故选择C例2(宜昌中考)-Not only the young but also the old getting interested_______ WeChat(微信) --They can communicate more freely.A．by B. about C. in D. for【解析】考察固定搭配. Be （get）interested in为固定短语, 意义是“对…..感兴趣”, 符合句意“不仅年轻人而且老年人都开始对微信感兴趣”（利用微信）他们可以更自由地交流.词汇运用词汇是学好一种语言的重要基础和保证, 是中考英语试题中常见的题型之一. 该题难度虽然不大, 但却是容易失分的题型之一. 究其原因, 一是英语单词繁多庞杂, 它们之间的转换纵横交错; 二是审题不够仔细, 混淆了那些相近或相似的单词.【题型特点】词汇运用主要考查学生识词、记词和用词的能力, 测试的重点放在那些字母读音不规则、容易混淆、易漏写或错写的单词上. 考查的题型主要有三类:1.根据中文提示写单词;2.根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空;3.根据句意和首字母提示写出单词.题型1(南京中考)根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词, 使句子意思完整正确.1. The school library is_______(开放的) Monday through Friday, 9 a. m to 6 p.m.2. I often________(买)gifts for my parents on their birthdays.3 .The children all__________ (跳)with joy when they heard the good news.4. Where are you going to put your__________(自行车)?It's so crowded here.5·Some teenagers don't know how to_______(处理)with their personal problems and they often go to therapy.【解题技巧】题1的意思是“开放的”, 可以确定是形容词原形形式, 由此可知答案为open .题2的意思是“买”, 由前面的often, 可知本句用一般现在时, 主语是第一人称, 因此答案为buy.题3的意思是.“.跳”, 根据后面句子的heard这个词可知本句用一般过去时. 由此可知答案为jumped,题4的意思是“自行车”, 这是个名词, 因此需要注意是否要用复数形式. 根据整个句子可知本题单复数形式都行. 由此可知答案为bike(s)/bicycle(s)题5的意思是“处理”, 结合整个句子可知词性是动词, 再由前面的how to可知要用原形形式. 且由how可知答案为deal.题型2(南京中考)根据句子意思, 用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空.1. 1f you don’t tell me what the problem is, I can't _________ (help) you.2. Miss Li is a kind teacher and she always talks to us________(gentle).3. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars ________ (be) only about three-eighth of that on Earth.4. Mr. Black has been in China for three years and now he is used to_______(eat) Chinese food.5. The Eiffel Tower, a cultural icon of France, was completed at the end of the_______ (nineteen) century.6. It is worth_______ (mention) that Nanjing has entered Top 10 Appealing Chinese Cities.【解题技巧】题1中的help是动词, 前面有情态动词, 所以用原形形式, 由此可知答案为:help.题2空格处所填词修饰动词talks, 因此肯定是副词形式. 由此可知答案为:gently.题3空格处在句中作谓语, 其形式就由主语the gravity来定, 由于宾语从句中所说是客观真理, 所以要用一般现在时. 由此可知答案为:is.题4空格前的is used to是“习惯于”的意思, be used to doing sth.是固定搭配. 由此可知答案为:eating.题5空格前后的意思是“在十九世纪末”, 空格处要用序数词. 由此可知答案为:nineteenth/19th,题6中的is worth意为“值得”. be worth doing sth.这是固定结构. 由此可知答案为:mentioning.题型3(黄石中考)根据句意和首字母提示, 补全各小题单词.1. Please give me a hand. I'm not tall e_______ to reach the book on the top of the bookshelf.2. We must f_______ the teacher's instructions when we are in the lab.3. He has some t________ understanding what his teacher says because of his poor English.4. It is usually very hot in June, but s________ it can be cool.5. Don’t disturb him. He is busy w_______ an important report.【解题技巧】题1的句意是：请帮帮我, 我不______高, 够不到暑假的顶部. 将整个句子结合在一起理解, 再联系首字母可知此处表示不够高. 由此可知答案为:enough.题2的句意, 特别是关键词instructions, 再结合首字母可知此处应是follow, 由于前面是情态动词must, 所以要用原形形式. 由此可知答案为:follow .由题3后面的because of his poor English(他的英语很差), 可知前面说的是理解他的老师所说的有困难. 再结合首字母可知此处是trouble, 由于trouble是不可数名词, 由此可知答案为:trouble.题4前面的句子的意思是在六月, 天气常常非常热, 后面的句意为: 天气可能凉爽. 综合两句的意思及but和首字母的信息可知此处应为sometimes.由题5中的关键词report, 并结合首字母可知此处是“写”的意思, 再看空格前面的关键词is busy“忙于”,be busy doing sth.这是固定搭配. 由此可知答案为:writing.【方法点拨】如何做词汇运用题:1.通读全句, 确定意思.2.根据成分或结构, 判断词性.3.前后兼顾, 依据成分及词性对单词形式作适当变化.4.全面考虑, 不忘大小写.补全对话补全对话、情景对话或完成对话, 是中学英语教学中的一项重要内容, 也是近年来中考的重点考查项目. 它主要考查语言运用能力、交际能力和对篇章结构的理解能力.【题型特点】补全对话类题型内容多, 层次复杂, 综合性强, 故会给考生造成一定的解题困难. 因此, 熟悉考查内容, 掌握考试技巧非常重要. 在内容上要熟练掌握日常交际用语、话题内容及英语国家的社会、文化、习俗等方面的知识. 在题型设置上主要有填词/句子型, 选择型等.题型1(哈尔滨中考)填人一个适当的词补全对话, 每空一词.A: How are you, Jane?B: Fine, ___1____ . And you?A: Very well. I've heard that a foreign teacher is helping the people in Ya'an.____2_____ don't we do something for others?B: That's a good idea. Do you have any plans for it?A: I'm going to give my old clothes to the children in the countryside together ___3___ my father. Would you like to join us?B: ____4____ love to. When shall we go there?A: I have time on _____5____ Friday and Saturday. How about you?B: I'm busy on Friday but 6 on Saturday morning. Shall we start at 10 o'clock?A: Sorry, I'm afraid not. Let's 7 it 10:30 on Saturday.B: That would be fine. Shall we meet at the school gate?A: All right.1.____________,2. ____________,3. ____________,4. ____________,5. ____________,6. ____________,7. ____________,1. Thanks.由问句“How are you, Jane?”可知答语为Fine, thanks.2. Why. “Why don't we...?”相当于“Why not …?”, 意为“为什么不……?”.3. with. with sb.“和某人一起”.4. I'd. 由问句Would you like to join us?可知答语为I'd love to.5. both. both…and...表示‘.两者都”.6. free. 由前面的busy和but可知此处表示星期六上午有空, 故填free.7. make, make it为固定用法, 用于约定时间.题型2(安顺中考)根据所给汉语提示完成对话.A: Hey, where are you going?B: I don't know. I just walk because I’m unhappy.A: Oh? 1.____________ (怎么了)B: I have no money and my parents don’t give me any to buy my favorite things, either.A:Then would you like 2._________ (找一分兼职工作)? I can't help you.B: 3.___________ (我已和他们谈过了) but they don’t agree with me. So can you tell me 4.______________?(我能怎么办)A: You can talk about your problems with your relations(亲戚).5._________(让他们和你的父母谈)B: Good idea. Thank you!A: You're welcome.【解题技巧】1. What's wrong/What's the matter( with you) /What's up联系上下文并结合汉语提示“怎么了”, 可知正确答案为What's wrong/ What's the matter( with you)/ What's up,2. to look for a part-time job“找一份兼职工作”为look for a part-time job, 而would like 后要接动词不定式, 所以正确答案为to look for a part-time job,3. I (have) talked (about it) with them根据汉语提示“我已和他们谈过了”, 使用短语talk with sb., 根据实际情况, 既可用一般过去时, 也可用现在完成时. 所以正确答案为I (have) talked (about it) with them,4. what I can do/ what to do/ how to do it/ how I can do it此处可以用宾语从句what I can do或how I can do it.但要注意“从句用陈述语序”;也可以用由疑问词构成的不定式短语what to do或how to do it, 所以正确答案为what I can do/ what to do/ how to do it/ how I can do it,5. It them talk with/ to your parent, 此句将let sb..do sth.和talk with/ to ab.两个短语结合, 所以正确答案为Let them talk with/ to your parents.题型3(哈尔演中考)从A~J选项中选出能题入空白处的最佳选项补全对话. (选项中有两项是多余的)A: Hello, Tim!B:Hello, Alice! Come in and have a seat. ____1____A: Thank you. I'm coming to say goodbye to you.____2____B: Really? ____3____A: I'm going to an English Summer Camp there.B: What will you do at camp?A: 4B: I am sure you will speak English much better. How long will you stay there?A: About ten days.B: 5A: Sounds great. 6B: The Summer Palace, the Great Wall and some other interesting places. All of them are well worth visiting.A: Wonderful! But I don't know how I can get to these places.B: Don't worry. 7 By the way, don't forget to buy a map of Beijing.A: Thank you for your advice.B: 8 Enjoy yourself. Bye!1.__________2. __________3. __________4. __________5. __________6. __________7. __________8. __________【解题技巧】1. H由前句“Come in and have a seat.”和答语可知此处是主人让客人别感到陌生, 像在自己家一样, 故选H2. I前句“I'm coming to say goodbye to you.”说明要走了, 故I符合题意.3. B由答语可知问句是询问去北京的目的是什么, 故选B4. F联系问句和答语可知F符合题意.5. A由答语可知问句是提建议的句型, 故选A6. D由答语可知问句是询问“你认为我应该参观什么地方”, 故选择D7. C由上文but I don't know how I can get to these places. 可知此处是回答怎样去这些地方, 选C8. E 回答感谢应用You're welcome.【方法点拨】如何做补全对话题:1.仔细审题, 明确语境. 审题是补全对话的重要一步. 奉到试卷后应迅速通过文字所提供的情景, 弄清对话是在何时、何地、何种场合进行的. 然后围绕主要话题, 联系情景, 认真分析主要话题涉及到的相关内容, 明确语境.2.分析信息, 推测考点. 对话是以“你有来言, 我有去语”的方式进行的, 这种来言或去语就是信息. 分析、理解、推断这种信息就是解题的关键.3.联系上下, 选择答案. 得到基本信息之后, 再通过联系上下文, 综合相关信息, 就可以选择答案或填入词语或句子了. 一定要以具体的语言环境和英美文化习俗恰当地作出回答.4.通读对话, 检查验证. 通读全篇对话, 检查验证答案, 这是补全对话的重要一环.句型转换句型转换是句子类别的转换, 在中考中所占的分值一直挺大, 而且有愈来愈高之势. 这是因为该题的目的在于检侧学生运用各种句型的能力, 要求学生对所学的句子结构和词形的变化做到概念清楚, 运用准确, 这对他们的英语综合运用能力有着较高的要求.【题型特点】句型转换在中考中往往以两种形式进行考查. 第一种是按要求完成句型转换. 第二种是同义句转换. 其中, 按要求进行句型转换题包括陈述句改一般疑问句、就画线部分提问和改为反意疑问句、改为否定句、感叹句等. 同义句改写往往涉及到主动变被动、同义词转换、句子合并等内容.题型I按要求完成句型转换1.(上海中考)Fred plans to work in the charity hospital in the community.(改为否定句)Fred ________ ________ to work in the charity hospital in the community.2.(济南中考)She is good at playing the piano. (改为一般疑问句)_______ _________ at playing the piano?3.(上海中考)Jim's office is four kilometers away from the nearest underground station.(对划线部分提问)________ __________ is Jim's office from the underground station?4.(上海中考)Our journey to Britain last summer was amazing.(改为感叹句)_____ ________ our journey to Britain last summer?【解题技巧】1.通过仔细审题可知题1要改为否定句, 句子的时态是一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数, 句中没有情态动词或be动词. 因此在改为否定句时需要用助动词, 且助动词后接动词原形, 由此可知答案为:doesn’t plan,2.题2要改为一般疑问句, 句子的时态是一般现在时, 主语是第三人称单数, 句中没有情态动词但是有be动词, 因此在改为一般疑问句时只需要将be动词提到句子前面即可. 由此可知答案为:Is she.3.对画线部分提问的规则: 画什么就问什么. 通过仔细审题, 可知本题画的是four kilometers, 这是一个表示距离的短语, 由此可知疑问词是How far,4.通过仔细审题可知本题所要感叹的是amazing, 那么感叹句的引导词应该是how, 由此可知答案为:How amazing,题型2同义句转换1.(上海中考)Though the earthquake destroyed many houses, people didn't lose hope.(改为被动语态)Though many houses_______ __________ by the earthquake, people didn’t lose hope.2.(上海中考)"Who is responsible for the food safety problem?" asked the reporter.(改为宾语从句)The reporter asked________ ___________ responsible for the food safety problem.3.(安顺中考)The man is talking with my headmaster. He comes from Holland.(改为定语从句)The man________ is talking with my headmaster _______ from Holland.4.(上海中考)This year’s car exhibition was very special. It attracted many visitors.(合并为一句)This year’s car exhibition was __________ special _________it attracted many visitors.5.(上海中考)With the help of a local guide, they reached the mountain top in the end.(保持句意基本不变)With the help of a local guide, they reached the mountain top _________ _________.【解压技巧】1.本题主语已经给出, 句子的时态是一般过去时, 变为被动语态时谓语动词就要变为was/were done ,由此可知答案为：were destroyed.2.仔细审题可知本本题其实是将直接引语空为间接引语. 本题的间接引语的时态与主句一致, 由于who在句中既是疑问词也是连接词, 所以句序变. 由此可知答案为:who.3.本题是以定语从句的方式将两个简单句合成一句, 句意不变. 比较两个句子可知headmaster是先行词, 引导词在定语从句中作主语, 由此可知答案为: who/that ;comes.4.本题是要用结果状语从句将两个简单句连接起来, 由此可知答案为: so；that.5.本题的两个句子可知两个句子的差异仅体现在in the end这个短语上, 其中文意思是:最后, 终于. 由此可知答案为: at last,【方法点拨】如何做句型转换题:1 细审原题, 弄清要求. 解题时首先应很好地审阅原题, 对原题中的时态、主语、形式等认真加以解析, 做到心中有数, 明确解题要求.2.上下联系, 抓住关健. 注意上、下句之间的联系., 抓住关健部分, 慎重检查改写后的句子中的词汇、时态、习惯用语中的变换是否正确.阅读理解阅读理解是中考测试的重要内容. 主要考查学生生理解、辨别、推理的能力. 近几年, 中考阅读理解的选材注重了材料的真实性, 具有时代特征, 与现实生活的联系性越来越强. 语篇选择比较注重思想性和趣味性, 注重对学生心灵的塑造. 常见的考查形式有三种：选择性阅读, 判断正误型阅读和任务型阅读, 其中任务型阅读又分为填空型, 回答问题型, 匹配阅读型等.【题型特点】阅读理解题是对学生有着较高的能力要求的一种题型, 主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力. 试题涉及对掌握语篇主旨、事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力的考查. 设题通常考虑以下四个方面:1.直观性问题. 直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成.2.常识性问题. 考查学生依据短文信息, 并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型.3.理解性问题. 考查学生对文章的中心思想, 某段的段落大意, 某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度.4.推理性问题. 这类题需在深刻理解短文后, 再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案.题型1(昆明中考)选择型阅读理解A city without cars would be very strange, right? But Venice is such a city.Venice is in the northeast of Italy. It wasn't built on land, like Beijing or Shanghai, but on more than 110 islands. Seawater is everywhere around the city.Even so, travel isn't difficult. The waterways have always been the best way to get around. There are 117 waterways and more than 400 bridges that can guide you where you want to go. People in Venice move from place to place by boat. Venice grew out of small islands in saltwater lakes when some Italians escaped from a war over 1 ,500 years ago, and built homes there.Water makes the city special .but it is also a big problem. Sometimes tourists will have such strange experiences. One moment they walk across the Rialto Bridge, and there's nothing special. But when they come back to the bridge an hour later, it's underwater and everyone is wearing rain shoes.Once, people used too much underground water. This made the city get lower little by little. Now the city has gone down by 23 centimeters. Another problem is the rising seawater. The temperature has risen over the years. This has made the ice of the Arctic Ocean（北冰洋)melt (融化).Every year, high waters hit the city in autumn and winter. When a lot of water comes , more than half of the city is underwater.Scientists are trying different ways to stop the city from getting even lower. The Italian government has asked some of Italy's biggest companies to build the MOST project, which was planned to be build under the seawater to stop the rising water. Anyway, this project is helping solve the problem.1.According to the passage, Venice is a city ____ of Italy.A. in the northeastB. in the westC. in the southwestD. in the south、2._____ have always been the best way to go here and there in the city.A. Taxis and catsB. The waterwaysC. 400 bridgesD. Boats and rain shoes3. Venice _____ small islands in saltwater lakes more than 1500 years ago.A. change intoB. used to beC. becameD. developed from4. Which is NOT the reason why the city gets lower and lower?A. The higher temperatureB. Overused underground waterC. Too many waterwaysD. The rising seawater5. The passage is mainly about _______ Venice.【题技巧】本文是一篇说明文, 文中介绍了旅游城市威尼斯. 威尼斯处在意大利的东北, 是1500年前意大利人因躲进战乱而建立起来的, 它不是建立在陆地上, 而是建立在110多个小岛上, 城市里的交通主要旅乘船或者是桥.1. A细节理解题. 由文中第一段的第一句"Venice is in the northeast of Italy.”可知答案.2. B细节理解题. 由第二段第二句“The waterways have always been the best way to get around”可知答案.3. D 细节理解题. 由文中的“Venice grew out of small islands in salt water lakes when some Italians escaped from a war 1500 years ago. and built homes there.4. C细节理解题. 根据文中的信息people used too much underground water. Another problem is the rising seawater, the temperature has risen over the years可知答案.5.C主旨大意题. 本文前半部分介绍了威尼斯的特色:出行靠船或桥; 后半部分介绍了威尼斯面临的问题:位置越来越低. 因此答案选C.题型2(泉州中考)判断正误型阅读理解There are about 5,000 different kinds of ladybugs in the world. They come in many different colors. Their bright colors warn other animals or insects not to eat them. Ladybugs taste bad. A bird or a frog that eats a ladybug will remember the bright colors and it will not eat another ladybug with the same colors again. When ladybugs are in danger, they will give out a fluid(液体) that tastes terrible.In many cultures, the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck. Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops. One ladybug can eat up to 5,000 insects in its lifetime.Ladybugs have six short legs. They live in many different places, including green lands, forests, cities, the countryside and along rivers. Different ladybugs have different spots(点).Some of them don't have spots at all. The most common kind in North America is the 7- spotted ladybug. The 7-spotted ladybugs are the most active from spring to autumn. When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to sleep, such as under stones or in houses.根据短文内容, 判断下列句子是否正确, 对的涂(A), 错的涂(B)1 .Ladybugs can give out a terrible fluid to protect themselves.2. In many cultures ladybugs are believed to bring good luck.3. Most of the ladybugs are harmful to crops.4. Ladybugs live in many places except cities.5. Winter is the best time for 7-spotted ladybugs to go out for food.【解题技巧】本文是说明文, 主要介绍了抓虫的生活习性和生理特点.1.A细节理解题. 根据第一段最后一句“When ladybugs are in danger, they will give outa fluid(液体) that tastes terrible.”可知:甄虫散发出难闻的液体是为了保护自己, 本句正确.2.‘A细节理解题. 根据第二段中的In many cultures, the ladybug is considered to be a symbol of good luck.’可知本句正确.3.B细节理解题. 根据第二段中的“Most ladybugs are kind to humans. They eat other insects which destroy crops.“可知本句错误-4. B细节理解题. 根据第三段中的They live in many different places, including green lands,forests, cities, the countryside and along rivers.”可知包括城市.故本句错误.5.B细节理解题. 根据第三段中的‘"When the weather turns cold, they look for a warm place to sleep , such as under stones or in houses.’可知, 冬天它们去睡觉, 而不是出去寻找食物, 故本句错误.题型3(十堰中考)任务型阅读理解Andy was still traveling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm(确认) his____1_____home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to improve his Spanish. When he was speaking to people face to face, he had no difficulty understanding what they said. However, when he was speaking on the phone, he still had a problem. Andy called the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o'clock three days from that day. She also told Andy to be at the airport two hours earlier in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.Since he was leaving in three days, Andy didn't lose any time. He visited many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could come back and spend a year in Spain.Too quickly, the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to rush. He went to the clerk to show his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket in surprise.“Why, sir, but your flight was at nine o'clock in the morning, and it is eight in the evening. ""But I confirmed my flight," insisted Andy. "Will I have to pay for another ticket?""No, Sir. However, the next flight out will be three days from n ow.”Andy ___2____ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation.任务一:请根据短文内容.分别写出①、②处所缺单词. (每空限城一词)1.①__________ ②_________任务二:根据短文内容补全句子. (每空一词)2.(A) He Visited as many places as________.(B) From the passage we know Andy could ________ his holiday.任务三：请把上文中画线的句子翻译成汉语.3.________________________________4. Why did the clerk tell Andy to be at the airport a little earlier?_______________________________________5.How long was Andy late for the plane that day?_________________________________________【解题技巧】本文是一篇记叙文. 讲述的是安迪还在西班牙旅行的时候, 他意识到应该和航空公司确认一下回去的航班, 由于他的西班牙语不是很好, 打电话时出了差错, 他确认的航班早已起飞的故事.1. （1）flight (2) look/ expression大意理解题. 第一个空我们可以根据句子后面的短语with the airline company来确定是他的航班, 所以填flight;由“Andy's _______ of shock turned to pleasure as he realized that now he could continue his vacation."(安迪的____由震惊变得高兴.因为他意识到他可以继续他的旅程. )我们可以推测句子需要的意思应该是安迪的表情, 所以填look/ expression,2.(A) possible (B) continue意义理解题. 第一个空文中的句子是:He visited as many places。
2019-中考英语试题解析版汇编单项选择-代词
2019-2020 年中考英语试题剖析版汇编单项选择-代词【基础知识】☆人称代词【语法导航】代词是代替名词的词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词，按其意义、特色及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自己代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。
人称代词是表示 " 我"、"你" 、"他"、" 她" 、"它" 、"我们 " 、"你们 "、" 他们 " 的词。
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化：比方：He is my friend.他是我的朋友。
It's me.是我。
人称代词的用法1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。
比方：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以够作主语。
比方：I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，最少我以为是她。
（ her 做宾语， them 做介词宾语，her 做主语补语）a. -- Who broke the vase? --谁打碎了花瓶？b. -- Me. --我。
（me做主语补语= It's me.）说明：在上面两例句中， her 和 me分别作主语补语。
句法语法(病句修改、调整语序、仿写句子)2019年全国中考语文试题分类汇编(真题及答案)word文字版
2019中考语文句法语法真题汇编病句修改、语序调整、仿写句子北京市一、基础·运用（共15分）5.下面是“丝绸之路国家博物馆文物精品展”前言中的一段话。
结合语境，在横线处填入语句，最恰当的一项是（2分)陆上丝绸之路沿线国家的展品中，既有俄罗斯国家历史博物馆收藏的叶形矛头，也有哈萨克斯坦国家博物馆收藏的黄金武士；海上丝绸之路沿线国家的展品中，既有束埔寨国家博物馆收藏的铜鼓，也有日本东京国立博物馆收藏的突线钮铜铎，展览中的精美文物众多，举不胜举。
【甲】丝绸之路沿线各国充分体现了这些精美文物在文化艺术方面融合互鉴、交汇碰撞的广度和深度【乙】丝绸之路沿线各国文化艺术交流的广度和深度，充分体现在这些精美文物的融合互鉴、交汇碰撞之中【丙】这些精美文物充分体现了丝绸之路沿线各国在文化艺术方面融合互鉴、交汇碰撞的广度和深度6.学校微信公众号负责人准备做一期与本次活动相关的推送，向同学们征集图文资料。
阅读同学们的来稿，完成(1)-(3)题。
(共6分)(2)下面是四位同学分别写下的参观感受，其中修辞方法或词语使用不恰当的一项是（）(2分)A.从路线示意图上看，丝绸之路是一条迷人的曲线，扣人心弦，使人赞叹，感人肺腑。
B.每当想到张骞、郑和、马可·波罗等奔波于丝绸之路的先贤，我的敬意就油然而生。
C.丝绸之路沿线国家的文物精品，虽然经过千百年岁月，却依然像璀璨的珍珠，弥足珍贵。
D.“一带一路”的伟大倡议，必将在古老的丝绸之路上奏响和平、繁荣、文明的新乐章。
(3)下面是一位同学写的一副对联，他不能确定横线处应填入的词语。
你认为在上下联横线处填入词语，最恰当的一项是（）(2分)驼铃①，古道徐行，一路丝绸连②；波涛③，汪洋横渡，千年文明耀④。
A.①滚滚②欧亚③悠悠④乾坤B.①滚滚②乾坤③悠悠④欧亚C.①悠悠②欧亚③滚滚④乾坤D.①悠悠②乾坤③滚滚④欧亚5. 【丙】6. (2) (3)C四川南充市4.下列句子没有语病的一项是（）A.近年来在教育部门大力扶持下，使得中小学书法教育蓬勃发展，学生书写水平大幅提高。
2019临沂市中考英语复习语法考点精讲+真题精炼：阅读理解
一、阅读理解题的命题特点阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在中考试题中约占30％。
临沂市中考英语设有四篇短文，试题采用“根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误”“选择最佳答案回答问题”“还原阅读”和“阅读回答问题”的形式。
通过对近几年中考阅读理解题的分析，我们可以看出阅读理解题呈现出这样几个特点：①题材新颖，原汁原味，趣味性强，选材广泛，信息量大。
所涉及内容包罗万象，不仅涉及生活百科、自然科学，而且涉及天文地理、异域风情等;②贴近生活实际，极具可读性；③反映社会热点，富有时代气息；④题目设计巧妙，匠心独运；⑤考查能力综合化。
二、阅读理解题的题型分析与解题指导【题型一】根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误在中考英语中，正误判断题通常放在所有阅读理解试题的第一篇，一般难度不大，所设题目都是陈述事实，不出现疑问句形式。
阅读短文时要在把握主旨和作者意图的基础上，捕捉与题干相关的内容要点。
在对每一道题进行判断时，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，并进行认真比较分析，从中找到依据，不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。
只有完全符合文章意思的句子方可判定为正确，那些基本意思相符，却仍有某一点不符的应判定为错误。
判断每个句子的正误时绝不可先看一道题目，就将短文搜索一遍寻找答案，这样不仅费时，而且由于缺乏对文章意思的全面了解，判断时往往有很大的盲目性。
有些题要从西方语言文化背景和习俗入手。
在阅读理解中，判断句子的正误要先读懂短文，理解短文的大意和脉络，然后依据短文内容对给出的句子进行是非判断。
这类题目的一般解题思路是：①阅读原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。
先通读原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章主旨，理解短文的大意，理清全文脉络。
②审读题目、找出相关判断依据。
读懂短文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的含义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的段落与词句，然后依据短文内容对所给出的句子进行是非判断。
2019年中考英语语法专题试题(含答案)
2019年山东菏泽市中考英语：代词考点一人称代词、物主代词及反身代词1．人称代词、物主代词及反身代词总表2.人称代词主格用作主语或表语，宾格用作宾语。
要根据题干中的提示词，如mother, father, Lily, Tom等及语境判定应该用哪一人称。
—Where is Dad？爸爸在哪儿？—He is in the garden.他在花园里。
Miss Smith is very kind. We all like her．史密斯小姐非常和蔼，我们都喜欢她。
3．名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词My sister likes painting. It’s one of her hobbies.我妹妹喜欢画画，这是她的爱好之一。
—Is this your bike？这是你的自行车吗？—No, it’s her bike. Mine(＝My bike) is under the tree.不是，是她的自行车。
我的(自行车)在树下。
4．反身代词的固定搭配：enjoy oneself玩得愉快 learn/teach...by oneself自学dress oneself穿衣 help oneself to随便吃些……by oneself独自 for oneself亲自hurt oneself受伤 keep ... to oneself 保守秘密prove oneself证明自己 lost oneself in 沉迷于1．(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Mom, I’m old enough to washown clothes and . You can have a rest after work.A．my; your B．my; yours C．yours; mine2．(2018·山东济南槐荫一模改编)—Jim, what do you usually do in the evening?—I usually do homework.A．me B．my C．mine3．(2018·山东济南商河二模改编)—Is this your English book?—No. is in my bag.A．My B．Me C．Mine4．(2018·山东菏泽巨野模拟)Jack used to be a teacher in this school, but he gave up job when he went abroad.A．him B．his C．he5．(2018·北京大兴一模改编)My birthday is coming. My parents will givesome nice presents.A．mine B．I C．me6．(2018·江苏南京中考改编)The schools in Qinhuai District will develop the museum courses suitable for children during school time.A．they B．their C．theirs7．(2018·四川南充中考改编)—Is that model plane?—Yes, it’s . My sister sent it to me.A．your; my B．your; mine C．yours; mine考点二指示代词 this/these, that/those1．this和these用于指距离较近的人或事物；that和those用于指距离较远的人或事物。
2019年北京市中考英语试题逐题详细解析(word版)
2019 年北京市中考英语考试逐题分析知识运用（共14 分）一、单项填空（共 6 分，每题0.5 分）从下边各题所给的A、B、C、 D 四个选项中，选择能够填入空白处的最正确选项。
1. Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can't wait to see.A. herB. himC. itD. them【正确答案】 B【解题思路】本题考察人称代词的宾格。
依据题干中“Mr. Wang” 可知性别为男性。
选项A“她”；选项 B“他”；选项C“它”；选项 D “他们”。
故正确答案案为选项B。
2. We planted some flowers the garden yesterday.A. onB. toC. inD. of【正确答案】 C【解题思路】本题考察方向介词。
依据题干中“We planted flowers__garden”可知花应当种在花园“里选项A“在 .....上”；选项B“到去选项C“在里”；选项D"...的”。
故正确答案为选项 C。
3. - Excuse me,is this T-shirt?-It’s 88yuan.A. how muchB. how manyC. how longD. how old【正确答案】 A【解题思路】本题考察特别疑问词。
依据答句中“It's88 yuan. ”可知问句是在问价格选项A“多少钱”；选项 B “多少”；选项 C “多长”；选项 D “多大（年纪）故正确答案为选项A。
4. - Lily,you finish the letter in ten minutes?-Yes, I can.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. can【正确答案】 D【解题思路】本题考察神态动词。
依据答句中“Yes, I can?可知问句是在问能否“能够”在10分钟内达成信函。
选项 A “必须”；选项 B “应当” C “需要”；选项 D “能够”。
2019中考英语题型经典解法及模拟演练系列单项选择(含精析)
2021-2021 年中考英语题型经典解法及模拟演练系列单项选择〔含精析〕一、题型打破单项选择是历年来各省市中考英语观察各项基础知识的传统和必考题型之一。
其特色是：知识容量大，覆盖面广。
它包括语法测试、词汇测试、知识测试和习惯用法测试等，几乎能够包括初中阶段所学的所有内容。
单项选择题比较灵便，覆盖面广，这就需要同学们对所学知识进行系统消化，灵便运用。
但近几年单项选择测试由原来的语法型测试逐渐转向以测试学生们的交际能力、语言应变能力、词语运用能力等为主的能力型测试，其变化主要有：1.单项选择题加强了对情况交际的观察，侧重平时交际用语的表达。
2.单项选择题一般常从词汇、语法、固定词组、特定句式等方面进行观察。
3.一些题型加强了与相关学科的联系，拥有浓郁的时代特色，加强了对综合能力和创立能力的观察。
4.要求加强对学生解题技巧的训练，有助于提高单项选择题的正确率。
二、解题方法1.直接法直接法就是在全面认识和审清题意的前提下，直接从所给选项中确定答案。
【模范】 Paul ’s uncle is the man _____ taught us math last year.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. when【解析】由先行词是指人的名词the man ，故用关系代词who。
2.消除法当你对 A、 B、 C、D 四个选项都感觉似是而非，不能够选出正确答案时，就要采用逐个消除的方法，经过解析把没有被排除的答案定为正确答案，这类试题以涉及词汇知识的试题居多。
【模范】— How are you feeling today?— Much_____. I can go to school next week.A. goodB. betterC. bestD. well【解析】feel是连系动词，故此后跟形容词作表语，可消除 D 项； much不修饰最高等，但可以修饰比较级故消除 C 项；由答语“ I can go to school next week.〞可知现在应该是比以前好多了，可消除 A 项。
2019年北京中考真题解析(语法部分)
2019年北京中考真题解析（一）知识运用（共14分）一、单项填空（共6分，每小题0.5分）从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Mr Wang is coming to our school. I can't wait to see ______.A. herB. himC. itD. them2. We planted some flowers ______ the garden yesterday.A. onB. toC. inD. of3. -Excuse me, ______ is this T-shirt?-It's 88 yuan.A. how muchB. how manyC. how longD. how old4. -Lily, ______ you finish the letter in ten minutes?-Yes. I can.A. mustB. shouldC. needD. can5. This cap is nice, ______ it doesn't look good on me.A. forB. soC. butD. or6. Julie takes good care of the family dog. She is ______ than her brother.A. patientB. more patientC. most patientD. the most patient7. Sam ______ with his friends every weekend.A.skatesB. is skatingC. has skatedD. was skating答案解析：A。
本题考察时态-一般现在时，题目中关键词“every weekend”是一般现在时的时间词。
8. –Tom, what's your dad doing?– He ______ my bike.A. repairsB. will repairC. has repairedD. is repairing答案解析：D。
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(2019辽宁锦州)5. You can NOT see ______ in your school library.5. B考查综合运用能力。
句意：在你学校你不能看见“禁止停车标志”。
选项A表示“禁止吸烟”；选项B表示“禁止停车”；选项C表示“禁止弹奏音乐”；选项D表示“禁止在书本上涂写”。
根据生活常识可知选B。
(2019云南曲靖) 27. — How can we behave better in building a civilized city?— ________.A. Break the traffic rulesB. Smoke in publicC. No dirty wordsD. Cut in line27. C 考查常识。
句意：——在创建文明城市中文明如何表现得更好？——_____。
Break the traffic rules违反交通规则；Smoke in public在公众场合抽烟；No dirty words不说脏话；Cut in line加队。
根据语境可知，选C符合要求。
(2019甘肃武威、白银)19. Which of the following is a traffic sign?A. B. C. D.19. A 考查图示理解。
选项A这个标志是“禁止掉头”的意思；选项B是机场标志“离港，到港，行李”；选项C是“禁止欺凌”的标志；选项D是安全提醒标志“小心”。
故选A。
(2019 四川达州) 35.— Mom, I spent a whole night preparing for the exam.—My God. _____, don’t stay up too late, or you’ll be tired out.A. you can’t put your eggs in one basketB. the grass is always greener on the other sideC. you can’t burn the candle at both endsD. do as Romans do when in Rome35. C 考查谚语。
句意：—妈妈，我花了一晚上准备考试。
—我的天呀......不要熬夜太晚，否则你会累坏的。
A句意思是：你不要孤注一掷；B句意思是：这山望着那山高；C句意思是：鱼和熊掌不可兼得；不能过分消耗精力；D句意思是:入乡随俗。
根据语境，故选C。
(2019江苏宿迁)15. —Dad, it’s difficult for me to clean the whole yard on my own.—Why not ask your brother for help? __________________A. No pain, no gainB. Every dog has its dayC. The early bird catches the wormD. many hands make light work15. D 考查英语谚语。
上文“为什么不叫你的兄弟们帮忙呢？”提示用D项“人多力量大”，使上下文意义贯通。
A项意为“一分耕耘,一分收获”；B项意为“人人皆有得意时”；C项意为“早起的鸟儿有虫吃”；故选D。
(2019四川凉山)42. In your life there will be times when you have to decide what to do. _____ is the road sign for that. Right or left? Maybe it’s just a question of how to manage your time—you should think how you could divide your time between studying and hobbies.A. B. C. D.42. C 考查情景交际和动词短语。
A禁止驶入；B禁止停车；C靠右行驶；D单向开启。
句意：如果你的生活中有很多时候你不得不决定做什么。
那就启动keep right的路标吧。
左还是右? 也许这只是一个如何管理你的时间的问题——你应该考虑如何在学习和爱好之间分配你的时间。
故选C。
(2019江苏南京)10. Read the sentence. “I can tell her anything because she can keep a secret. ” The underlined word “because” is used to _____.A. connect ideasB. create new wordsC. show timeD. give examples10. A 考查过渡词辨析。
句意：阅读句子。
“我可以告诉她任何事情，因为她可以保守秘密。
”带下划线的“因为”一词被用来连接思想。
connect ideas连接思想；create new words创造新词；show time演示时间；give examples举例。
故选A。
(2019四川自贡)27. If the singer to Zigzag September 20th, please call me.A. will get；onB. gets；onC. gets；in27. B 考查条件状语从句和表示时间的介词的用法。
句意：如果那个歌唱家九月20日到达Zigzag，请给我打电话。
if引导条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时或祈使句。
主句please call me是祈使句，从句谓语用一般现在时，排除选项A；表示在某一天用介词on。
故选B。
(2019江苏南京)14. Which sentence should be put at the end Array of the paragraph on the right?A. The mountains are tall.B. The mountains are tall and nice.C. The nice mountains are interesting to look at.D. The tall mountains are covered with white snow.14. D 考查语境辨析。
句意：哪句话应该放在右边段落的末尾？右边段落里横线前面交代The small mountains的情况，顺承下来的应该是描写The tall mountains的句子。
故选D。
(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)16. Small things can make a big difference to the environment. In daily life,we can ______ to protect the environment.① give out food to homeless people② use cloth bags instead of plastic bags③ turn off the lights when leaving a room④ help the old people in the neighborhood⑤ ride bikes or walk to school rather than go to school by carA. ②④⑤B.①③④C. ②③⑤16. C考查常识题。
句意：小事能对环境产生大的影响。
在日常生活中，我们可以做_______来保护环境。
结合选项可知，属于环保行为的有：用布袋来代替塑料袋；离开房间时关灯；骑自行车或步行上学而不是坐小汽车去上学。
故选C。
(2019黑龙江哈尔滨)17. Jim went shopping and spent 100 dollars on these following thingsA. 5B. 10C. 1517. C考查推理计算题。
句意：昨天吉姆去购物在下列这些物品上花了100美元。
学习用品花了他______美元。
根据表格内容及常识可知，学习物品包括：Pens and pencils和Notebooks，占100美元的比例为：100% －(35% + 50%) = 15%。
据此计算100×15% = 15 (dollars)。
故选C。
(2019 黑龙江龙东) 20. Which sign means that we can’t turn right？20. A 考查常用标识。
题干意为“哪个标志意思是我们不能向右拐？”选项A表示“禁止向右转弯”；选项B表示“禁止向左右转弯”；选项C意为“禁止掉头”。
根据题干要求可知选A。
(2019河南)35.You may know all the words on the right, but which of the following carries meaning?A.A friend self is a second.B.A second is self a friend.C.A friend is a second self.D. Self a second is a friend.35. C 考查句子的构成。
表格中的几个单词分词是：second、friend、self、a、is。
second是序数词，不能作主语，也不能被冠词修饰，故排除A、B、D两项；self自我，作名词，可以被序数词修饰，故选C，句意：朋友是另一个自己。
(2019贵州铜仁)35. Chinese people hold dragon boat races and eat _______ to remember Qu Yuan on the 5th of lunar May.A. moon cakesB. sweet dumplingsC. rice dumplingsD. fried rice35.C考查文化常识。
句意：在每年农历的五月初五，中国人们会通过举行划龙舟比赛和吃粽子的形式来纪念屈原。
根据常识，端午节吃的粽子是“带大米馅儿的水饺”，故选C。
(2019甘肃兰州)39. Which of the following is red?A. Fe2O3B. NaClC. Na2CO3D. NaHCO339. A 考查字母缩写的含义及化学知识。
题干的意思是：下面哪个是红色的。
根据化学元素的缩写可知Fe2O3氧化铁；NaCl氯化钠；Na2CO3 碳酸钠；NaHCO3 氢氧化钠。
故答案选A。
(2019 湖北随州) 34.—How do you celebrate ______?—We usually eat zongzi and watch boat races.A. the Spring FestivalB.the Mid-Autumn FestivalC. the Lantern FestivalD. the Dragon Boat Festival34. D考查文化风俗。