美国黑人文化历史课件
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“美国黑人文化”PPT课件模板
• 在苦难的岁月里，黑人靠歌声表达心中的悲愤，用民间 歌谣传递起义的信息，用诗歌抒发自己的心声。早期美国 黑人文学，表现了黑人劳动者的质朴淳厚、感情的深沉、 战斗中的刚毅和受迫害受奴役的生活，不少作品既有丰富 的思想内容，又有一定的艺术造诣。黑人文学的出现，使 美国文学具有更广泛的民族内容和更深刻的民主精神。美 国黑人文学真正开始于18 世纪，后在一代代非裔作家努 力下，经历了以休斯顿为领袖的哈莱姆文艺复兴（第一次 高潮，20 世纪20 年代至30 年代末），以赖特为领袖的第 二次高潮（20 世纪四五十年代），以诺主莫里森为领袖 的第三次高潮（20 世纪70 年代后）。
• 1938年1月16日，Bennie Goodman率领他的大乐队在纽 约卡内基音乐厅表演爵士乐，尽管，Bennie Goodman是 一个白人，但不止他的乐团里有黑人乐手，许多黑皮肤的 布鲁斯、福音歌手也参加了那次演出。这次演出已被看作 一座历史界碑，标示白人世界对黑人音乐艺术性上的承认。 然而，有骨气的黑人音乐家们甚至将这种“艺术性上的承 认”看作屈辱，这种态度令爵士乐史上最重要的转折点， 比波普，得以出现。那是上世纪40年代中期，一些爵士乐 音乐家决定证明爵士乐绝不是供白人取乐的世俗音乐，他 们甚至拔身离开爵士乐的种族性，而只去证实爵士乐的艺 术性。在多数客人已离开的半夜里，他们在酒吧登台，尽 兴地飙技即兴，看谁吹得更快更准，直到天色泛白。
二、福音与灵歌
• 福音音乐是历史上美国的黑人农奴接受了基督教的信 仰之后，常在田里祈祷，希望减少劳动的痛苦。不久 便演变成即兴的音乐表演。在奴隶制废除之后，黑人 们组织了自己的教堂，并把这种音乐形式作为教堂活 动的一种。20世纪中期，猫王把福音音乐引进到自己 的风格中，随后汽车城唱片公司将这种音乐商业化主 要强调有节奏的器乐伴奏和即兴演唱。
美国黑人地位变迁精品PPT课件
4. After the American civil war until now
美国黑人运动
“黑白分明”社会中的“劣等”人，种族隔离
白人顽固的种族主义思想 起因：1955 年12月1日，亚拉巴马州蒙哥马利城黑人R.帕克斯夫人在公 共汽车上拒绝让座给白人，被捕入狱。
马丁·路德·金 外文名： Martin Luther King, Jr.
→ 独立宣言(The declaration ofindepedence) 1776.7.4
虽标榜“一切人生来平等”，却只字 不提黑人奴隶问题，黑奴不完全是人， 仅是“五分之三”非公民，黑人的地
位没有得到明显改善。
托马斯·杰斐逊(1743－1826)，美国政治家、 思想家、哲学家、科学家、教育家，第三任美 国总统。他是美国独立战争期间的主要领导人 之一，1776年，作为一个包括约翰·亚当斯和 本杰明·富兰克林在内的起草委员会的成员， 起草了美国《独立宣言》。此后，他先后担任 了美国第一任国务卿，第二任副总统和第三任 总统。
5.2008.11.5，巴拉克*奥巴马当选美国总 统，成为美国历史上首位黑人总统。
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美国黑人地位的演变
The United States of America Black‘s status-evolution 1.before the American War of independence 2.during the American War of independence 3.during the American civil war 4.after the American civil war until now
美国黑人民权运动ppt
Although the roots of the movement go back to the 19th century, it peaked in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. They pursued their goals through legal means, negotiations, petitions, and nonviolent protest demonstrations.
1960
Sit-ins In February 1960, four African American students sat down at a segregated lunch counter in a local store in Greensboro, North Carolina. They refused to leave until they were served.
"Black elementary school" "White elementary school"
3. Major events
1954
Brown Decision--Separation Is Inherently Illegal
The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas ushered in a new rights. This landmark decision outlawed racial segregation
美国黑人文学――历史与文化潮流PPT课件
Three themes developed in early African American writings around the issue of slavery: accommodation, protest, and escape
African American Literature
African American Literature
Lucy Terry (1730-1821) Thought to be the author of the oldest piece of African-American literature, “Bars, about an Indian raid on settlers in Massachusetts. It was not published until 1855.
African American Literature Post-slavery Era
African American Literature
Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) The first African-American and the second woman to publish a book in the colonies, she is one of the best known early black poets; her work was praised by leaders of the American Revolution, including George Washington. She is one of the first writers to use an epistolary style (in the form of letters).
African American Literature
African American Literature
Lucy Terry (1730-1821) Thought to be the author of the oldest piece of African-American literature, “Bars, about an Indian raid on settlers in Massachusetts. It was not published until 1855.
African American Literature Post-slavery Era
African American Literature
Phillis Wheatley (1753-1784) The first African-American and the second woman to publish a book in the colonies, she is one of the best known early black poets; her work was praised by leaders of the American Revolution, including George Washington. She is one of the first writers to use an epistolary style (in the form of letters).
6-American Black Literature
Themes and Subjects
His common theme is to condemn racism, urge reform, criticize evils of society. His books focus on racial conflict and physical violence. They review the devastating effect of institutionalized hatred （hatred brought by social system） and ） humiliation on black males’ psyche. They affirmed dignity and humility of society’s outcasts.
Writing Techniques : Realism, Naturalism
He tries to show that people cannot escape from society. Therefore, society must be changed. He is a father figure, especially to the writers of violence.
Over ） black （after civil rights movement） ）
Oral Tradition
（1）songs and ballads ） （2）spirituals: sorrow of the singers＊ ） ＊ earlier condition and longing for freedom （3）blues: after civil war, derived from ） work songs of loneliness, separation, losses, wonderings, love, desperation, sense of doom （4）jazz: after WWI, developed from ） blues, died out in the Great Depression
黑人在美国的历史
随着人类文明的发展，追求平等的思想开始出现，先进的白人开始认识到祖先贩卖黑人当奴隶的罪恶。
他们开始反省，认为同为上帝的子民，黑人不应该永远是奴隶，他们应该享有与白人一样的尊严。
由此拉开了解放黑人运动的序幕。
这其中最有影响的就是美国了。
美国黑人走上了历史舞台黑人在奴隶血泪史中，更多的是体现在美国。
美国黑人是在违反其自身意志的情况下被强行带到美国的唯一种族，1863年“解放黑人奴隶宣言”之前，已经有50万“自由黑人”生活在美国北方。
生活在美国的黑人大体上可分为三类，获得自由的时间是他们之间的关键差别。
一是最早被掳掠至西半球的非洲黑人，他们有很多是契约奴，或者黑白混血儿，后来成为自由黑人。
二是17世纪中期到18世纪中期大量贩卖而来的黑人奴隶。
三是来自西印度群岛的黑人。
北非阿拉伯人是第一批奴役非洲黑人的人，奴隶制千百年来一直存在于非洲和欧洲。
把黑人当作商品，是8世纪阿拉伯人征服北非后开始的。
他们和当地部落合作，抓获或者购进奴隶，将其带出撒哈拉沙漠。
阿拉伯人是最残忍的奴隶主，撒哈拉沙漠上白骨累累。
直到20世纪中期后，阿拉伯世界才彻底消除了奴隶制。
阿拉伯奴隶贩子将非洲人带到西班牙时，欧洲奴隶制已经消亡。
西班牙人在西半球开辟殖民地，从撒哈拉以南非洲运送奴隶到了西半球。
几个世纪一来，共有1000万非洲奴隶被运送到西半球，其中1720-1820年占一半以上。
死在海上的比例达9-16%。
1000万奴隶中，40万被运送到了今美国境内的各个殖民地。
到1825年，美国拥有的奴隶居西半球之首，占1/3左右。
但巴西买入的奴隶是美国的6倍。
原因在于美国是奴隶能够繁衍后代并按照自然规律保持人口增长的唯一国家。
西半球的其他地方，奴隶生存状况恶劣，死亡率高，出生率低，以至于要不断买入来替代。
在美国的黑奴生活状况尚可，他们虽吃低质量的食品但温饱无忧；住房与欧洲农民和工人相当，甚至更好；平均寿命36岁，相当于荷兰和法国，高于意大利和奥地利，更高于爱尔兰农民（19岁）。
美国黑人文化历史PPT课件
In 1964 L.B. President Johnson has signed "Civil rights Law".
5
Your Subtitle Goes Here
Finally,They Won!!!
6
Result
● It changed the life of the African Americans. ● It also have a profound impact on Americans' life and
Artists
Sports Man
PPreressiiddeenntt
8
Musicians of The Black
------Something about hip-hop
9
Music--------Hip-hop
First，Jazz Then,Blues Last,Rap---Hip-Hop---Hippie culture
In March, 1963,Birmingham, the request to cancel the entire city isolation system.
On August 28, 1963 250,000 people (1/4 for Caucasian) tomarch to Washington, the request "was freeimmediately".
Height: 184cm
Hometown: Mount Vernon, New York
Date of birth: December 28, 1954
Occupation: Actor, Director
美国黑人民权运动ppt课件
；.
5
• Although the roots of the movement go back to the 19th century, it peaked in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. They pursued their goals through legal means, negotiations, petitions, and nonviolent protest demonstrations.
；.
23
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr eventually became the leader of the Civil Rights Movement.
；.
24
；.
25
1964
• Congress passed Civil Rights Act declaring discrimination based on race illegal after 75-day long argument.
；.
8
Education
• For every $150.000 spent on white children at the "white schools" only $50.000 was spent on African American children at the "black schools."
In 1985, an American company bought this toothpaste company and changed its name.
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? Music Jazz，blues and Rap were created and developed by Africa American.
Jay Z
Beyonce Giselle Knowles pop singer
10
Will Smith
11
? Sports In the international stadium,especially in the track and field stadium,the
? African Americans' history started in the 16th century.They were transported unlawfully to the United States by the Black Triangle Trade.
3
?
1862.9.22 Abraham Lincoln The Emancipation Proclaimation
Group 6
African-American
1
Contents
Brief introduce about the African-American African-American Civil Rights Movement
Causes of the movement The key event of the moof the movement
most excellent athletes are Black nowadays. African American made a very positive contribution to the success of
the American basketball game.
Michael Jordan
12
? literature 19th century: Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom's Cabin)
20th century: Toni Morrison (Song of Solomon)
13
Politics
Barack Obama
◎Was elected the 44th President in 2008 ◎Won Nobel Peace Prize in 2009
Success of the African-American People In music and sports In literature In politics
Conclusion
2
Brief introduce
? African Americans, also referred to as Black Americans or AfroAmericans, is the largest ethnic group of citizens in America.
4
? In America, however, the racial discrimination was everywhere, the racial conflict often happened, the black people were treated as slaves by white people.
? It changes America from a country which was against the Black into a community which admits every citizen has equal rights.
9
Successes in some aspects
? They'd the lowest salary, insurance and other many unfair treatments.
5
Cause of the movement
? On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Rosa Parks refused to obey bus driver's order that she gave up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger after the white section was filled.
7
Your Subtitle Goes Here
Finally,They Won!!!
8
Result
? It changed the life of the African Americans.
? It also have a profound impact on Americans' life and their concept of life.
6
The key event of the movement
In 1963, Dr.King gathered 250,000 masses, and published his speech I have a dream before Lincoln memorial in Washington square.
The gathering finally forced the congress to pass the Civil Rights Act .That became the key events.
He received the Nobel Peace Prize before he was assassinated in 1968.
14
Conclusion
During more than 400 years,African Americans made every effort to improve their position and status. ? As a result, African culture has been an important part of American culture. African American's social status becomes higher accompanied by their significant contribution to various fields even though there is still racial discrimination in our world.
Jay Z
Beyonce Giselle Knowles pop singer
10
Will Smith
11
? Sports In the international stadium,especially in the track and field stadium,the
? African Americans' history started in the 16th century.They were transported unlawfully to the United States by the Black Triangle Trade.
3
?
1862.9.22 Abraham Lincoln The Emancipation Proclaimation
Group 6
African-American
1
Contents
Brief introduce about the African-American African-American Civil Rights Movement
Causes of the movement The key event of the moof the movement
most excellent athletes are Black nowadays. African American made a very positive contribution to the success of
the American basketball game.
Michael Jordan
12
? literature 19th century: Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom's Cabin)
20th century: Toni Morrison (Song of Solomon)
13
Politics
Barack Obama
◎Was elected the 44th President in 2008 ◎Won Nobel Peace Prize in 2009
Success of the African-American People In music and sports In literature In politics
Conclusion
2
Brief introduce
? African Americans, also referred to as Black Americans or AfroAmericans, is the largest ethnic group of citizens in America.
4
? In America, however, the racial discrimination was everywhere, the racial conflict often happened, the black people were treated as slaves by white people.
? It changes America from a country which was against the Black into a community which admits every citizen has equal rights.
9
Successes in some aspects
? They'd the lowest salary, insurance and other many unfair treatments.
5
Cause of the movement
? On December 1,1955,in Montgomery,Rosa Parks refused to obey bus driver's order that she gave up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger after the white section was filled.
7
Your Subtitle Goes Here
Finally,They Won!!!
8
Result
? It changed the life of the African Americans.
? It also have a profound impact on Americans' life and their concept of life.
6
The key event of the movement
In 1963, Dr.King gathered 250,000 masses, and published his speech I have a dream before Lincoln memorial in Washington square.
The gathering finally forced the congress to pass the Civil Rights Act .That became the key events.
He received the Nobel Peace Prize before he was assassinated in 1968.
14
Conclusion
During more than 400 years,African Americans made every effort to improve their position and status. ? As a result, African culture has been an important part of American culture. African American's social status becomes higher accompanied by their significant contribution to various fields even though there is still racial discrimination in our world.