中考写作必备精彩句型教学提纲
初三作文教学提纲模板
初三作文教学提纲模板一、引言。
1. 作文的重要性。
2. 作文教学的意义。
二、作文教学的基本原则。
1. 激发学生写作的兴趣。
2. 注重写作技巧的训练。
3. 鼓励学生多读多写。
4. 尊重学生的个性和创造力。
三、作文教学的内容安排。
1. 写作素材的积累。
a. 阅读名家作品。
b. 多观察生活，积累素材。
2. 写作技巧的训练。
a. 如何构思一篇作文。
b. 如何组织文章结构。
c. 如何运用修辞手法。
3. 作文类型的训练。
a. 记叙文。
b. 描写文。
c. 议论文。
d. 说明文。
4. 作文范文的欣赏和分析。
a. 名家作品的欣赏。
b. 优秀作文的分析。
5. 作文的修改和润色。
a. 自我修改。
b. 互相修改。
c. 教师修改。
四、作文教学的方法。
1. 教师示范。
a. 教师范文的撰写。
b. 教师现场写作。
2. 学生练习。
a. 课堂练习。
b. 课外作业。
3. 互相交流。
a. 同学间互相交流作文。
b. 学生和教师的交流。
五、作文教学的评价。
1. 评价标准的制定。
a. 内容的丰富性。
b. 结构的合理性。
c. 语言的准确性。
d. 表达的流畅性。
2. 评价方式的多样性。
a. 教师评价。
b. 同学评价。
c. 自我评价。
六、作文教学的实施策略。
1. 个性化教学。
a. 针对不同学生的特点制定个性化教学方案。
2. 多媒体辅助教学。
a. 利用多媒体手段激发学生的写作兴趣。
3. 激励机制。
a. 设立作文比赛，激励学生写作。
4. 家校合作。
a. 学校和家庭共同关注学生的作文教学成果。
七、结语。
1. 作文教学的重要性。
2. 对学生未来的意义。
3. 对学校教育的启示。
初三年级作文中的常见句型及应用技巧
初三年级作文中的常见句型及应用技巧初三年级的作文，如同一道风景线，展现了学生们语言运用的能力和思维深度。
在这条风景线上，常见的句型犹如一块块铺路石，为学生的写作之路提供了坚实的基础。
掌握这些句型并学会灵活应用，是提高作文水平的关键。
本文将从教育的角度探讨初三年级作文中的常见句型及其应用技巧，帮助学生更好地运用这些句型，提升写作能力。
一、开篇引入句型的运用开篇引入是作文的“门面”，它不仅要引起读者的兴趣，还要为全文定下基调。
常见的引入句型包括：1.引用名言：“正如鲁迅先生所说，‘时间就像海绵里的水，只要愿挤，总还是有的。
’”这样的句型不仅引经据典，还能为论述提供权威依据。
2.提出问题：“你是否曾经思考过，成功究竟是怎样一种体验？”通过提出问题，引导读者思考，为接下来的内容做好铺垫。
3.叙述故事：“在一个风和日丽的早晨，小明发现了一只受伤的小鸟。
”故事引入法能迅速吸引读者的注意力，并设定写作的情境。
二、论证与分析句型的运用在作文中进行论证和分析时，合理使用句型可以使论点更加清晰和有力。
常用的句型有：1.列举例证：“例如，许多成功的企业家都强调了坚持的重要性，如比尔·盖茨和马云。
”通过列举具体实例，增强论证的说服力。
2.对比分析：“与传统的教学方法相比，现代教育技术更能激发学生的学习兴趣。
”对比分析法能清晰地展示不同观点或方法的优劣。
3.原因分析：“这一现象的原因在于社会的快速发展和人们生活节奏的加快。
”通过分析原因，可以更深入地探讨问题的本质。
三、承接与过渡句型的运用承接与过渡句型起到引导和衔接的作用，使文章结构更加连贯。
常见的过渡句型有：1.时间过渡：“首先，了解问题的背景是至关重要的；其次，我们需要讨论解决方案。
”时间过渡句型帮助文章按时间顺序展开。
2.因果关系：“由于气候变化的影响，许多动物的栖息地正在缩小，因此保护环境变得尤为重要。
”因果关系句型明确了事件间的关系，增强逻辑性。
3.总结升华：“总之，教育不仅仅是传授知识，更是培养品格的过程。
初中英语中考复习书面表达分类指导(作文提纲+加分词句)
中考英语书面表达分类指导一、作文提纲（一）活动介绍类【首段】(1) I’m pleased to know that you’re greatly interested in ...,so I’d like to sharea piece of good news that there will be a ....Now,let me offer you some useful information.(2) It’s my great honor to invite you to enter a ....Now,let me offer you some useful information about it.(3) It’s time for us to say goodbye to our school life soon.Surprisingly,there is a/an...prepared for us.Now,let me offer you some information about it.【主体段】1.时间&地点：The ...will be held in Classroom 302 at 3 o’clock in the afternoon on June 8th,2019.2.内容：(1)主题句：There will be various meaningful activities included in it.(2)要点:First of all，You will be invited to .../You will be given a chance to ....which will ...After that,It will be more than interesting for you to .../It will impress you a lot to ... so that ...At last,doing sth.will play an important part in ....So ...【尾段】That’s all.I firmly believe that if you join in it,you will ....That’s all.I sincerely hope that you can come and share the happiness/fun with us.（二）写人叙事类【首段】(1) 朋友：A friend in need is a friend indeed.I have a friend just like that who often offers me much warmth in my life.Let me introduce him to you.(2) 父母：If you ask me who is the most important one to me,without doubt,the answer is my ....Let me introduce him to you .(3) 老师：In both my life and study,my ...teacher is special to me because he is not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character.【主体段】1.外貌：...is very beautiful but a little fat with long hair and big eyes.2.性格：...is an outgoing woman who always gets along well with people around her./ ...is very kind to others and easy to get on with./is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him.3.爱好：She is especially good at cooking and often cooks different delicious foods for me.4.事例：（1）Linda is like an angel.Whenever I meet trouble, she will always be there.When I fail my test, She always encourages me to face the fact bravely and then tries to help me to check the reason why I fail.At the same time, she shares her good ways of studyingwith me.（2）My Chinese teacher, Ms Li, not only teaches us how to learn, but also teaches us how to be a person.I remember I made a serious mistakes in Grade seven, that was to copy others’ homework.Ms Li knew that.Instead of being angry with me, she told me the importance of study and encouraged me to study hard to become a talented person in the future.（3）Last term, I failed my exam.I was so that that I cried sadly in my room.When my mother came from work late, she talked with me patiently and cheered me up.That evening, when I woke up at night, my mother was still working.I was deeply moved.Then I made up my mind to study harder than before.【尾段】As a sunshine teenager, Xiao Hui is a good example for us to learn from./I will treasure the friendship forever.Now I understand my father’s love to me.I will never fo rget what my father did for me and try my best to make him pleased.He is an excellent teacher I will never forget and love him forever.（三）咨询建议类【首段】I’m sorry to hear that you have difficulty in doing ....Don’t worry about it!Here are some useful suggestions I ‘d like to share with you.【主体段】1.主题句：Actually,if you are careful, you’ll find various simple ways to help you solve the problem.2.要点：First and foremost,it’s +adj/n.+for/of sb.to do ....So that...In addition,you are supposed to do ...,which can not only ...but also ...What’s more,you had better (not) do ...,because ...Last but not least,I suggest you (should) do ...,from which,you’re able to do ...【尾段】With these suggestions carried out,I firmly believe you will improve ...a lot.I sincerely hope that my suggestions can be of great help.Looking forward to your earliest reply.（四）观点看法类【首段】With the development of the science and technology/society,...is becoming more and more serious./the problem about ...is under a heated discussion/ ...has become a hot topic.As for that,There are different opinions among people.【主体段】On the one hand, some people hold the idea that ....The reasons are asfollows.First, ....Second, st, ....On the other hand,others disagree.They suppose that ....Because ....More importantly, ....【尾段】As far as I’m concerned,every coin has two sides,and ...is not a n exception.As long as we treat ...properly,it will be of great help.二、加分词句一、常用的名言警句1.Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩.2.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友.3.Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成.4.All roads lead to Rome.条条大道通罗马.5.Every man has his weak side.人人都有缺点。
九年级英语中考专项复习二：英文写作必背之35个句型及作文写作技巧教科版
九年级英语中考专项复习二：英文写作必背之35个句型及作文写作技巧教科版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：英文写作必背之35个句型及作文写作技巧二. 重点、难点：就写作，从句进行归纳讲解三. 具体内容：A：英文写作必背之35个句型（一）~~~ the＋~ est＋名词＋（that）＋主词＋have ever＋seen（known/heard/had/read, etc）~~~ the most＋形容词＋名词＋（that）＋主词＋have ever＋seen（known/heard/had/read, etc）例句：Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我所见过最美丽的女孩。
Mr. Zhang is the kindest teacher that I have ever had. 张老师是我曾经遇到过的最仁慈的教师。
（二）Nothing is＋~~~ er than to＋V. Nothing is＋more＋形容词＋than to＋V.例句：Nothing is more important than to receive education. 没有比接受教育更重要的事。
（三）~~~ cannot emphasize强调，着重the importance of ~~~ too much.（再怎么强调……的重要性也不为过。
）例句：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our eyes too much.我们再怎么强调保护眼睛的重要性也不为过。
（四）There is no denying that＋S＋V…（不可否认的……）（deny denied denying否定，否认，不承认）例句：There is no denying that the qualities of our living have gone from bad to worse.不可否认的是，我们的生活品质已经每况愈下。
外研版英语中考《必考重要句型》专题复习说课稿
外研版英语中考《必考重要句型》专题复习说课稿一. 教材分析外研版英语中考《必考重要句型》专题复习，主要针对我国中考英语考试中的重要句型进行深入剖析和复习。
教材内容涵盖了各种句型的构成、用法和示例，旨在帮助学生掌握中考英语考试中的关键句型，提高他们的英语应用能力。
通过本专题的复习，学生将能够更好地应对中考英语考试，提高他们的考试成绩。
二. 学情分析在学习本专题之前，学生已经掌握了基本的英语语法知识和一些常见的句型。
然而，他们在实际应用中仍存在一些问题，如句型运用不熟练、语法错误等。
因此，在教学过程中，我们需要关注学生的实际情况，针对性地进行教学，帮助他们更好地理解和运用重要句型。
三. 说教学目标1.知识与技能目标：学生能够掌握外研版英语中考必考的重要句型，理解其构成和用法。
2.过程与方法目标：通过小组合作、讨论等方式，提高学生的问题解决能力和团队合作能力。
3.情感态度与价值观目标：激发学生学习英语的兴趣，培养他们积极向上的学习态度，提高他们的自信心。
四. 说教学重难点1.重点：外研版英语中考必考的重要句型。
2.难点：句型的灵活运用和语法错误的纠正。
五. 说教学方法与手段1.教学方法：采用任务驱动法、情境教学法、小组合作法等，引导学生主动参与课堂，提高他们的实践能力。
2.教学手段：利用多媒体课件、教材、黑板等，辅助教学，提高教学效果。
六. 说教学过程1.导入：通过一个与重要句型相关的趣味性问题，激发学生的学习兴趣，引导学生进入课堂。
2.讲解：详细讲解教材中的重要句型，分析其构成、用法和示例，让学生充分理解。
3.实践：让学生进行句型练习，教师巡回指导，纠正语法错误，提高学生的句型运用能力。
4.小组合作：学生分组进行讨论，共同完成一个与重要句型相关的任务，培养团队合作能力。
5.总结：对本节课的重要句型进行总结，帮助学生巩固知识。
6.作业布置：布置一些有关重要句型的练习题，让学生课后巩固所学知识。
七. 说板书设计板书设计应突出重要句型的构成、用法和示例，采用清晰的字体和布局，方便学生理解和记忆。
中考满分作文提纲示例
中考满分作文提纲示例1、线索：“只因你在我心里”逾句话2.主题：中国人，你在我心中，表达我对中国和中国文化的热爱。
语文在诗词这方面带来的震撼之情3.材料组合：将中国人在名著中的震撼与中国人在名人中的震撼并列4、重点:写对语文的美丽，将语文的美丽写得如诗如画，引人入胜，才能顺理成章地表现出“我”对语文的喜爱之情。
5、开头：红了希望，绿了梦想，只因你在我心里――我的语文。
总结：中国人，因为你在我心里，我的希望让你变红，我的梦想让你变绿。
只因为你在我心中，我的中文，让我赢在2022！在2022空中歌唱。
文体：散文你在我心里红色的希望，绿色的梦想，只因为你在我心中——我的中国人。
是你吗？语言优美，奢华，柔和。
我不能用任何语言来装饰你。
李白的云帆点缀着大海，辛弃疾的眼睛模糊了剑的光芒，文天祥的激情回荡着整个事情。
因为你们在我心中，中国人，我理解雄心、毅力和爱国主义！邀请满月，举杯畅饮。
我在你的诗中漫步，看着落红变成春泥，叹息国破山河，赞东篱之采菊，唱绝顶之豪情。
在初中的怀抱里，我感悟你、体验你。
就因为你在我心里，你把你内心的声音变成了舞动的翅膀，带我飞翔。
那是你吗？语文。
大观园的人情分离，桃园中的三结之义，西经路中的纷纷纠葛，义聚于一堂的豪情壮志。
因为你在我心里，我读懂了无奈、团结、勇敢、义气！零落般的花就随它去吧，葬！给它一个完整的家；天下就随它分吧，战！给它一个美好的涅；妖怪就随他来吧，拼！给它一个苦楚的诠释；安就随他招吧，死！给它一个充实的辉煌。
只因你在我心里，你把篇篇名著化为铺路之石，垫着我通往胜利。
是你吗？语言汨罗江水流更加凶猛，沂水河沿岸的夕阳更加红润强烈，环溪河水更加清澈。
因为你在我心中，我理解屈原的无拘无束，惊叹刘邦的雄心，叹息席希的离别。
我把你抱在怀里，测量我心脏的密度，但我感觉特别沉重。
只因你在我心里，你把个个名人化为动力之源，推进我前进。
中国人，因为你在我心里，我的希望让你变红，我的梦想让你变绿。
南京中考作文提纲模板
南京中考作文提纲模板一、引言。
1. 话题引入。
2. 说明文章要讨论的内容。
二、正文。
1. 第一部分。
a. 介绍南京的历史和文化底蕴。
b. 分析南京的地理位置和气候特点。
c. 探讨南京的城市建设和发展情况。
2. 第二部分。
a. 分析南京的教育资源和教育发展情况。
b. 探讨南京的文化和艺术氛围。
c. 介绍南京的特色美食和民俗风情。
3. 第三部分。
a. 分析南京的社会治安和民生保障情况。
b. 探讨南京的科技创新和产业发展。
c. 总结南京的发展优势和未来发展方向。
三、结论。
1. 总结全文要点。
2. 展望南京的未来发展。
南京，作为中国历史文化名城之一，拥有着丰富的历史底蕴和文化传统。
同时，作为现代化大都市，南京的城市建设和发展也备受瞩目。
本文将从南京的历史文化、城市建设、教育资源、文化艺术、社会治安、科技创新等多个方面进行分析，全面展现南京的魅力和发展优势。
南京作为六朝古都，有着悠久的历史和深厚的文化积淀。
在南京，可以看到大量的历史遗迹和文物，如中山陵、明城墙、夫子庙等，这些都是南京得天独厚的历史资源。
同时，南京地处长江下游，气候温和湿润，四季分明。
这种地理位置和气候特点为南京的发展提供了有利条件。
在城市建设方面，南京也取得了长足的进步，高楼林立、交通便利、绿化环境良好，这些都展现了南京现代化城市的风采。
南京拥有丰富的教育资源，有多所知名高校和研究机构，如南京大学、东南大学等，教育水平在全国处于领先地位。
此外，南京还有着浓厚的文化艺术氛围，有音乐厅、美术馆、剧院等文化场所，举办各种文化艺术活动。
南京的特色美食和民俗风情也是吸引人的亮点，如鸭血粉丝汤、盐水鸭、江苏园林等，都是南京的文化符号。
在社会治安和民生保障方面，南京也取得了显著成绩，治安环境良好，社会福利完善。
同时，南京在科技创新和产业发展方面也有着不俗的表现，有着一大批高新技术企业和创新团队，为南京的未来发展注入了强劲动力。
总的来说，南京拥有着丰富的历史文化和发展优势，未来的发展前景一片光明。
中考英语作文万能模板汇总教学提纲
中考英语作文万能模板汇总中考英语作文万能模板汇总中考英语作文万能模板：阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.2. 分析并举例使其更充实.中考英语作文万能模板：解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径1. 问题现状2. 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days， we have to face I problem-----A， which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------(说明A的现状).Second， ---------------(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A， we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------(解决方法一)。
For another -------------(解决方法二)。
Finally， --------------(解决方法三)。
Personally， I believe that -------------(我的解决方法)。
Consequently，I’m confident that a bright future isawaiting us because --------------(带来的好处)。
中考英语作文万能模板：说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)1. 说明事物现状2. 事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)3. 你对现状(或前景)的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in ourdaily life. Generally， its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一)。
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（中考必备句型50个，让你的作文规矩性极强，足可登登“大雅之堂”！）1.as soonas一……就He called me up as soon as he came back toBeijing.Please call me as soon as you finish yourhomework.2. not as/so ……as 和……一样；不如I think English is as important as mathsFor me, basketball is as interesting as football.3. as……as possible 尽可能的Kids in the West usually get ready for as many gifts as possible.We should speak English as much as we can in class.4.ask for 请求，要求I have the right to ask for anexplanation.He felt too ashamed to ask for help.5. tell/ask sb (how) to do sth 告诉某人做…My mother asked me to wash my socks.He didn’t tell us how to do it.6. tell/ask sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做…Our teacher told us not to talk with eachother in the museum.My father asked me not to cross the road whenthe traffic light was red.7. be afraid of doing sth/that 害怕做某事、害怕担心Children are always afraid of the dark.I used to be afraid of the dark. However, I am not now.8.be busy doing 忙于做某事Mom is always busy cooking when I get home.People in Beijing are busy getting ready for the Olympic Games.9. be famous /late/ready/sorry for… 以……著名He hurried to school yesterday, but he was late for class.Look! The students are getting ready for the sports meeting.10.be glad t hat… 高兴…I am glad that you can come.I'm so glad that I didn't agree to do it; itwould have got me into serious trouble.11.both…and两者都Students like both playing basketball and playing soccer.It's a good way to make both teachers and students happy.12.buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tellsb. sth. 为某人买某物If I were you, I'd give the money to charity.Yesterday Mary's mother bought her a new bike.13.give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/tell sth tosb. 把…给某人Please give this book to him.When you get to your home, please send this letter to your pen pal.14.either…or 要么…要么We can't allow him to stay at home, or he will either watch TV or play games. We're going to the park this Saturday, either by bus or by bike.15.enjoy/hate/finish/mind/keep/goon doing 喜欢做某事I kept him reading the text so that he could recite it quickly.Would you please keep holding the picture for me?16.get+比较级变得越来越……The weather is getting warmer and warmer.How do you feel now? Unfortunately, it's getting worse.17.get on with 与…相处It's hard to get on with a bad-tempered person.18.get ready for/ getsth. ready 为……作准备Look! The students are getting ready for the sports meeting.The next station is Dongdan. Please get ready for your arrival. 19.had better (not)do 最好做、不做You'd better help your parents do some housework once a week. You'd better not spend more time on this kind of game.20.help sb(to)do/helpsb. withThe boy helped the old man to carry a bunch of wood up the hills. He asked me to help him to solve the problem.21.don't thinkthat 认为…不I don't think that they will give up the chance of being volunteers.I don't think that he is reading now.22.I would like to.../ would you like to...?我想做Would you like to lend me your bike?I would like to look up some new words in it.23.It takes sb sometime to do sth. 花费某人...时间做某事It will take the workers two years to build the bridge.It took her 3 months to do this experiment.How long will it take the workers to rebuild the new school?24.It's bad/good for 对...有害处eating more fruit is good for health.Don't read in bed. It's bad for your eyes.25.It'simportant/impossible/impolite/difficult for sb. to do sth.对于某人来说做...很重要的At school, it's very important for every student to keep their own classrooms cleanand tidy.Although it is raining heavily, it looks that it's impossible for him not tofinish the last 200 meters.26. It's time for .../to do sth. 对于...来说做...的时间了It's time for us to borrow books from the library.It's time for Tom to take medicine.27. It's two meters（years） long(old)它两米长（两岁大）He is two meters tall.The river is twenty meters wide.28. keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事The headmaster kept me waiting for two hours last time.Why do you keep laughing all the time?29. keep/make sth. +adj. 让...一直保持...It's important for us to keep calm in danger.The movie was so sad that it made us cry.30. like to do /like doing 喜欢做....My younger sister likes singing and dancing very much.What kind of books does she like reading in her free time?31. make/let sb (not)do sth. 让某人做/不做某事Make him not lend the book to my younger brother, he will break it.To learn English well, the teacher always makes us read aloud in the morning.32. neither...nor 既不...也不We should come to the party just at the right time, neither too early nor toolate. It's neither too cold, nor too hot here all the year round.33. not... at all 根本不Although life is difficult, each of us doesn't want to give up our hope at all. Some have several girlfriends and others have none at all!34. not only... but also... 不仅...而且Mike not only finished doing his homework but also helped his sister with herEnglish.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can be used not only for taking photosbut also for downloading songs from the Internet.35. not... until 直到...才He didn't stop to have a rest until he finished cleaning the old man's room.I didn't understand my mother's love to me until I talked with her yesterday.36. one ...the other/ some...others 一个…另一个；一些…另一些These are my two favorite books. One is called The Monkey King, the other iscalled Harry Potter.Some people say the Indian films are boring, but others say they are great.37. see/hear sbdo(doing)sth 看见某人做了/正在做I heard my parents quarreling after supper.I heard someone singing in the next room.I heard someone knock at the door when I was cooking.38. so...that 如此…以至于The noise outside was so big that we couldn't hear what the teacher said.Kate was so angry that she couldn't say a word.39.spend...on(indoing)sth 在…方面花费He spent so much time (in) playing computer games that he was not interested inhis lessons.She spends $100 on clothes every week.40. stop/prevent sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事Nothing can stop me from going swimming this afternoon.For years, Mike has kept studying how to stop middle school students fromlosing themselves in net games.41. stop to do /doing停下来去做某事The boss kept the workers working all the time until they finished all thework.Tell him not to stop to rest; it's important moment now.42. take /bring sth withsb. 随身携带Get the lunch which you take with yourself ready, it's time for a meal.My friend brought many chocolates with him to visit me.43.There is somethingwrong with... 出了问题/毛病There is something wrong with my TV, so we can't watch the match.There's something wrong with my computer. Can you help me?44. too...to 太…以至于不能…Hearing the news of successful launch of Shenzhou-7, many people were tooexcited to sleep the whole night.The box is too heavy for me to move.45. used to 过去常常She used to spend a lot of time playing computer games.There used to be a hospital.46. What about.../Howabout...? …怎么样呢？How about going out for a walk after supper?I 'm too busy to go to the movies with you today. How about tomorrow?47. What’s wrong/ the matter with…出什么事了What’s wrong with your bike?You look terrible. What’s the matter withyou?48. why not…? 为什么不呢Don’t watch TV all the time, why not go outand play basketball?It is sunny outside. Why not go swimming withus?49. will (could, would) you please…? 你愿不愿意做呢？Will you please pass me the pen?Could you please open the window?50. don’t think that…不认为…I don’t think that you are a good boy.We don’t think that Lucy will pass the exam.（10大闪光句型）文章开头句型1、“如今，人们普遍认为...,但是我怀疑...。