比较级及比较句型讲义
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比较级及比较句型
一.基本特征
1. 形容词和副词比较级的形式应和比较连词对应出现,即应符合原级比较及比较级的结构。如:
比较级的修饰语如a little, a lot, the, any, even, far, hardly, lots, much, rather
表示倍数比较的词等,他们的位置是:修饰语+as…as…, 或修饰语+more…than…。如:
Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents.
“Do you regret paying five hundred dollars for the painting?” “No, I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.”
4.下列词和短语不用比较级形式却表示比较概念:
inferior,minor,senior,prior,prefer to,superior,major,junior,preferable,differ from,compared with,in comparison with,different from,rather than。如:Their watch is superior to all the other watches on the market.
二.基本用法
1. 同级比较
A. 基本形式“as +原级+as”结构
eg. He’s as tall as I.
B.否定的同级比较常用not as… as或not so … as
eg. He does not smoke so heavily as his brother.
C.变体
1) as + much/many + 名词+ as
There are as many students in Class 3 as in Class 4.
2) as +形原级+ a + 名词+as
He is as clever a boy as his brother.
3) as + 形+ 不可数名词+ as
4) 名词复数+as +形+ as
I used to have some dolls as lovely as yours.
5) the same as/ be similar to
2.比较级
A.基本结构“比较级+than” 结构
He is taller than I (am tall).
She sees me more often than she sees her brother.
B.变体
1) 形比较级+ 名+ than
He is a cleverer boy than his brother.
2) 名+ 形比较级+ than
He is a boy cleverer than his brother.
3) the + 形比较级+ of + the two
4) superior/ inferior to
3.最高级
A. 常用“the +最高级+比较范围”
eg. This is the best picture in the hall.
He sings the best in the class.
B. 变体
1) more… than any other
2) Not … + 比较等级
三. 值得注意的比较级句型
1. 比较级的特殊用法
1)the+比较级, the+比较级
此句型表示后者随着前者的变化而变化,意为“越……就越……”,如:
The better I knew him, the more I liked him.
The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I’ll be able to answer them.
该结构一共有三条规则:
1). the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格
2). the more 后面的谓语如果是be动词的话,可以省略
3).
the more, the more其实是原因状语从句,前面是原因(从句),后面是结果(主句),倒装句中必须是主句倒装,从句绝对不能够倒装。
例1:The stronger __ magnet, the greater the number of lines of magnetic force. (A) of (B) the (C) is the (D) is of the
分析:本题显然考查”the more … the more…”结构,the more后面的名词必须使用冠词或者所有格,因此只能选择B
例2:The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the body of a runner, ___to the body.
(A) the stress it is greater (B) greater is the stress (C) greater stress is (D) the greater the stress
分析:正确答案为D。此题考the more … the more句型,只有D符合这一句型的要求,故选D。
--- the greater the stress it yields to the body
2) the+比较级+of the two:
He is the taller of the two.
She was the more promising worker of the two.
3)比较级+and+比较级
此句型表示“越来越…”,如:
Things are getting better and better every day.
It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a job.
2. as…as…的特殊用法
1).as...as..
个事物的状况处于同等程度或两个事物之间具有连带关系。
S1 + V1 + as + adj. 1+ S2+V2+adj.2
He was as experienced as his brother was green.